CN114793964A - In-vitro hatching system and method for red swamp crayfish - Google Patents
In-vitro hatching system and method for red swamp crayfish Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/045—Filters for aquaria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/06—Arrangements for heating or lighting in, or attached to, receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/065—Heating or cooling devices
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an in-vitro hatching system and method for red swamp crayfish, which effectively improve the hatching rate of the red swamp crayfish, shorten the hatching time, realize the large-scale in-vitro hatching of the red swamp crayfish and finally effectively improve the breeding productivity of the red swamp crayfish by selecting the egg-carrying crayfish of the red swamp crayfish, pretreating fertilized eggs of the egg-carrying crayfish and controlling the water environment in the in-vitro hatching system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hatching of red crayfish, in particular to an in-vitro hatching system and method for red crayfish.
Background
The red swamp crayfish is special in breeding, has the habit of holding seeds at the abdomen, has less eggs, and is generally about 300. Meanwhile, due to various reasons such as cannibalism, food stealing by aquatic enemy organisms, improper culture environment and the like, the actual seedling emergence amount is only half of the number of the eggs, even less, so that the shortage of seedlings is caused; furthermore, the red swamp crayfish belongs to the tropical zone and cannot naturally overwinter (stop growing or die below 10 ℃) in a low-temperature environment. At present, the fry providers are mainly in the places of Hainan, Guangdong and the like, the transportation and the survival rate of the fries are greatly influenced, and other areas mainly adopt greenhouse breeding, so that the cost of artificial seedling culture is higher. Because the price of the offspring is high and the breeding risk is relatively high, the popularization of the variety is restricted. The present application proposes a solution to these problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide an in-vitro hatching system and method for the red swamp crayfish, which can improve the hatching rate of the crayfish, realize the large-scale in-vitro hatching of the red swamp crayfish, improve the breeding capacity of the red swamp crayfish and enable artificial breeding to get rid of regional influence.
The technical scheme is as follows: the in-vitro hatching system for the red swamp crayfish comprises a plurality of hatching tanks, overflow grooves and a water treatment system, wherein the hatching tanks are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the overflow grooves and are connected with the overflow grooves through overflow ports; the water outlet pipe of the overflow groove is connected with a water treatment system, the water outlet of the water treatment system is connected with a water inlet pipe in the incubator through a pipeline, an adjusting valve and a flowmeter are sequentially arranged between the pipeline and the water inlet pipe, and a hose is adopted as the pipeline between the flowmeter and the water inlet pipe.
Preferably, the hatching tank is made of acrylic materials, the upper end of the hatching tank is cylindrical, the lower end of the hatching tank is a semicircular convex surface, a clamping groove for positioning a water inlet pipe is formed in the center of the bottom of the convex surface, and the clamping groove protrudes upwards; the water inlet pipe extends into the hatching tank and is fixed through the clamping groove; the overflow port is arranged at the top end of the hatching tank.
Preferably, the water treatment system is sequentially provided with a coarse filtration tank, a biochemical tank, an oxygen dissolving tank and a heating tank, a water outlet of the heating tank is provided with a water outlet regulating valve, and water flow passing through the water outlet regulating valve enters the hatching tank after passing through a pipeline.
Preferably, a filter bag for primarily filtering dead eggs is arranged between the water outlet pipe of the overflow groove and the water treatment system, and the filter bag can be detached and replaced.
Preferably, a circulating valve is arranged in the water treatment system, one end of the circulating valve is connected with a water outlet of the heating tank, and the other end of the circulating valve is connected with the rough filtering tank.
Preferably, an attachment for attaching sperm and eggs is further arranged in the hatching tank, and the attachment is nano sponge or wool felt.
An in vitro hatching method of red swamp crayfish is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting egg-carrying shrimps of the red swamp crayfish, wherein fertilized eggs on the abdomen of the selected egg-carrying shrimps need to develop to orange without eyestalk;
s2: adopting an egg stripping tool: a plastic comb, which peels fertilized eggs of the egg-carrying shrimps from the egg-carrying shrimps;
s3: pretreating the stripped fertilized eggs, including cleaning, screening and sterilizing, wherein the sterilized fertilized eggs need to be in a water body for balancing the temperature;
s4: putting the fertilized eggs with balanced temperature in the water body into an in vitro hatching system of the red crayfish for hatching;
s5: fertilized eggs grow to cyan larvae from dark red deciduate, when the body length is between 0.4 and 0.6cm, when the larvae are separated from attachments in an in vitro hatching system, the offspring seeds can be collected, and the hatching of the red crayfish is completed.
Preferably, the physique of the egg-carrying shrimps of the red swamp crayfish selected in the S1 is required to be more than 70 g/tail, the egg-carrying quantity is more than 300, and the red swamp crayfish is healthy and disease-free, has complete trunk and limbs, bright color and strong vitality.
Preferably, the fertilized egg in S3 is screened to remove abnormal eggs with abnormal development and development failure, and the disinfectant used for disinfecting the fertilized egg adopts 10ppm iodophor, 10ppm povidone iodine, 15ppm methylene blue solution or 15ppm potassium permanganate solution, and the temperature is kept between 26 ℃ and 28 ℃.
Preferably, the incubation temperature in the in vitro incubation system in S4 is controlled to be 26-28 ℃, the pH value of the water body is controlled to be 7-8.5, the dissolved oxygen in the water body is kept above 5mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.1mg/L, and the nitrite is less than or equal to 0.05 mg/L.
Has the advantages that:
(1) according to the method, the hatching tank, the overflow tank and the water treatment system are combined to form a complete in-vitro hatching system for the red crayfish, the hatching tank provides a suitable environment for hatching the red crayfish, the water treatment system provides a suitable water body for hatching the red crayfish, the hatching rate of the red crayfish is improved, and large-scale in-vitro hatching of the red crayfish is realized.
(2) The selection of the oozing shrimp of the red crayfish in this application, to the preliminary treatment of oozing shrimp embryonated egg and to the control of water environment in the separation hatching system, the effectual hatchability that improves the red crayfish has shortened the length of time of hatching.
(3) In the application, the in-vitro hatching system is adopted to perform in-vitro hatching on the red-swamp crayfish, so that the factors that the traditional hatching is restricted by regional climate are eliminated, and the popularization of the red-swamp crayfish is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an ex vivo hatching system in the present application;
fig. 2 is a top view of an incubation irrigation arrangement in the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application is further illustrated with reference to specific examples below.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1-2, which are schematic structural diagrams of the present application, in the present embodiment, 12 hatching pots 1 are included, the hatching tank 1 is made of acrylic materials, the upper end of the hatching tank is cylindrical, the lower end of the hatching tank is a semicircular convex surface, a raised clamping groove 10 is arranged at the center of the bottom of the convex surface, a water inlet pipe 7 is positioned on the clamping groove 10, the water flow entering the hatching tank 1 in the water inlet pipe 7 can uniformly and stably form backflow at the bottom of the hatching tank 1 to ensure hatching, the overflow port 3 is arranged at the top of the hatching tank 1, because certain dead eggs can be generated in the hatching process, the dead eggs can enter the overflow groove 2 through the overflow port 3 after floating to the top of the hatching tank 1, so that the dead eggs can not influence the water flow in the hatching tank 1, and the hatching of other normal red-swamp crayfish eggs is further influenced.
In this embodiment, the water outlet pipe 4 of the overflow tank 3 is connected to a water treatment system, the water treatment system is sequentially provided with a coarse filtration tank 11, a biochemical tank 12, an oxygen dissolving tank 13 and a heating tank 14, before the water flow of the water outlet pipe 4 enters the coarse filtration tank 11, the outlet of the water outlet pipe 4 is further provided with a filter bag 16 for primarily filtering dead eggs, the water flow discharged from the incubation tank 1 is primarily filtered, the filter bag 16 therein is detachable and replaceable, because certain dead eggs are generated during incubation and cause the rise of nitrite and ammonia nitrogen in the water body, the water flow discharged from the incubation tank 1 firstly enters the coarse filtration tank 11 and then enters the biochemical tank 12, the water body is purified and then enters the oxygen dissolving tank 13 to ensure that the oxygen content in the water body can reach the standard, and finally enters the heating tank 14 to control the temperature of the water body, and the water outlet of the heating tank 14 is further provided with a circulation valve 17 to repeatedly treat the water body, ensuring that the water body finally flowing out of the water treatment system meets the hatching requirement.
In this embodiment, after the water body is treated, the water body enters the water inlet pipe 7 of the hatching tank 1 through the pipeline 6, the regulating valve 8 and the flow meter 9 are sequentially arranged between the pipeline 6 and the water inlet pipe 7 and used for controlling the size of water flow, and meanwhile, the pipeline 6 between the flow meter 9 and the water inlet pipe 7 adopts a hose, so that the hatching of the crayfish eggs is ensured until the eye stems appear, the auxiliary limbs are complete, and the shell is hardened, and the pipeline 6 inserted into the hatching tank can be freely taken out.
In this embodiment, the hatching tank 1 is further provided with an attachment for attaching eggs and sperms, and the attachment may be a nano sponge or a wool felt.
Example two:
the method comprises the following steps of hatching the red swamp crayfish:
s1: the method comprises the following steps of selecting egg-carrying shrimps of the red crayfish, wherein the eggs of the red crayfish are changed from yellow green to dark red in the embryo development process, the effects of fertilized eggs in different periods are different in the in-vitro hatching process, the separated fertilized eggs can lengthen the in-vitro hatching period too early, and the separated fertilized eggs can be damaged in the separation process too late, so that the abdominal fertilized eggs of the selected egg-carrying shrimps need to develop to orange without eyestalk in order to ensure the emergence rate to the maximum extent;
meanwhile, the physique of the used egg-carrying shrimps is required to be more than 70 g/tail, the egg-carrying amount is more than 300, and the egg-carrying shrimps are healthy and disease-free, complete in trunk and accessory limbs, bright in color and strong in vitality.
S2: adopting an egg stripping tool: a plastic comb, which peels fertilized eggs of the egg-carrying shrimps from the egg-carrying shrimps;
the conventional stripping methods comprise a protease separation method, a ventral limb cutting method, a forceps scraping method, a hard comb scraping method and the like, wherein the protease separation method has the problems of too long time and certain influence on an egg membrane in the separation process; the abdominal limb cutting method can affect the secondary egg-laying of the female shrimps; the forceps scraping method is difficult to operate and low in efficiency, so that the plastic comb is adopted to strip the fertilized eggs in the embodiment, and the damage to the eggs can be reduced while the collected eggs can be rapidly collected.
S3: pretreating the stripped fertilized eggs, including cleaning, screening and sterilizing, wherein the sterilized fertilized eggs need to be in a water body for balancing the temperature;
the oogenesis shrimp is mainly cultured in an earth pond, natural water is rich in various pathogens, parasites, mould fungi and the like, so that stripped oosperms need to be cleaned and disinfected, a disinfectant used for disinfecting the oosperms adopts a potassium permanganate solution with 10ppm of iodophor, 10ppm of povidone iodine, 15ppm of methylene blue solution or 15ppm of methylene blue solution, the temperature is kept between 26 ℃ and 28 ℃, the oosperms need to be screened after the disinfection, the anovulatory eggs are removed, and the water pollution in the hatching process is avoided.
S4: putting the fertilized eggs with balanced temperature in the water body into an in vitro hatching system of the red crayfish for hatching;
the incubation temperature in the in vitro incubation system is controlled to be 26-28 ℃, the pH value of the water body is controlled to be 7-8.5, the dissolved oxygen of the water body is kept above 5mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.1mg/L, the nitrite is less than or equal to 0.05mg/L, and the state of eggs in the appendages of the parent body can be fully simulated.
S5: fertilized eggs grow to cyan larvae from dark red deciduate, when the body length is between 0.4 and 0.6cm, when the larvae are separated from attachments in an in vitro hatching system, the offspring seeds can be collected, and the hatching of the crayfish eggs is completed.
Example three:
comparative experiments were conducted on the red swamp crayfish hatched by the present application and the naturally hatched red swamp crayfish.
The experimental scheme is as follows:
180 laying-egg-carrying red crayfishes which have the same development condition and similar specifications and are produced in the same producing area and the same batch are randomly divided into 2 groups (a natural hatching group and an in-vitro hatching group), and each group is repeated three times.
30 control groups of egg-carrying shrimps are respectively placed in 3 pp constant-temperature circulating water seedling raising ponds of 2 x 3m at the temperature of 28 ℃, the dissolved oxygen in water is more than or equal to 5mg/L, the pH value is 7.5-8, the ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.2mg/L, the nitrite content is less than or equal to 0.05/L, during the incubation period, the control groups are fed on a tray every afternoon, the feeding amount is about 0.5 percent of the mass of the shrimps, after 20 minutes of feeding, residual bait and excrement are sucked off, one third of the water is replaced every two days until the fries are hatched, and the incubation state of the egg-carrying shrimps is observed and recorded every day.
In the experimental group, 30 egg-carrying shrimps in each group are subjected to temperature balancing, then the shrimp eggs are scraped from the subsidiary limbs of the female shrimps by using sterilized forceps, the obtained shrimp eggs are soaked in 10ppm povidone iodine solution for sterilization, and abnormal development or damaged foreign eggs in the eggs are removed. And then transferring the fertilized eggs to in vitro hatching equipment of the red crayfish for hatching, controlling the temperature of the equipment at 28 ℃, oxygenating all day long, naturally illuminating, observing and recording the hatching state of the in vitro eggs every day.
The experimental results are as follows:
compared with a natural hatching mode, the in vitro hatching rate is improved by 30%, the hatching time is shortened to a certain extent, and the hatching efficiency is obviously improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. An in vitro hatching system of red swamp crayfish is characterized in that: the device comprises a plurality of hatching tanks (1), overflow tanks (2) and a water treatment system, wherein the hatching tanks (1) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the overflow tanks (2) and are connected with the overflow tanks (2) through overflow ports (3); the water outlet pipe (4) of the overflow groove (2) is connected with a water treatment system, a water outlet (5) of the water treatment system is connected with a water inlet pipe (7) in the hatching tank (1) through a pipeline (6), an adjusting valve (8) and a flowmeter (9) are sequentially arranged between the pipeline (6) and the water inlet pipe (7), and the pipeline (6) between the flowmeter (9) and the water inlet pipe (7) is a hose.
2. The isolated hatching system of the crayfish according to claim 1, wherein: the hatching tank (1) is made of acrylic materials, the upper end of the hatching tank is cylindrical, the lower end of the hatching tank is a semicircular convex surface, a clamping groove (10) for positioning a water inlet pipe (7) is formed in the center of the bottom of the convex surface, and the clamping groove (10) protrudes upwards; the water inlet pipe (7) extends into the hatching tank (1) and is fixed through the clamping groove (10); the overflow port (3) is arranged at the top end of the hatching tank (1).
3. The isolated hatching system of the crayfish according to claim 1, wherein: the water treatment system is sequentially provided with a coarse filter tank (11), a biochemical tank (12), an oxygen dissolving tank (13) and a heating tank (14), a water outlet of the heating tank (14) is provided with a water outlet regulating valve (15), and water flow passing through the water outlet regulating valve (15) enters the hatching tank (1) after passing through a pipeline (6).
4. The isolated hatching system of the crayfish according to claim 1, wherein: a filter bag (16) for filtering dead eggs for the first time is further arranged between the water outlet pipe (4) of the overflow groove (2) and the water treatment system, and the filter bag (16) can be disassembled and replaced.
5. The isolated hatching system of the crayfish according to claim 1, wherein: a circulating valve (17) is arranged in the water treatment system, one end of the circulating valve (17) is connected with a water outlet of the heating tank (14), and the other end of the circulating valve (17) is connected with the rough filtering tank (11).
6. The isolated hatching system of the crayfish according to claim 1, wherein: and an attachment for attaching sperms and eggs is further arranged in the hatching tank (1), and the attachment is nano sponge or wool felt.
7. An in vitro hatching method of red swamp crayfish is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting egg-carrying shrimps of the red swamp crayfish, wherein fertilized eggs on the abdomen of the selected egg-carrying shrimps need to develop to orange without eyestalk;
s2: adopting an egg stripping tool: a plastic comb, which peels fertilized eggs of the egg-carrying shrimps from the egg-carrying shrimps;
s3: pretreating the stripped fertilized eggs, including cleaning, screening and sterilizing, wherein the sterilized fertilized eggs need to be in a water body for balancing the temperature;
s4: putting the fertilized eggs with balanced temperature in the water body into an in vitro hatching system of the red crayfish for hatching;
s5: fertilized eggs grow to cyan larvae from dark red deciduate, when the body length is between 0.4 and 0.6cm, when the larvae are separated from attachments in an in vitro hatching system, the offspring seeds can be collected, and the hatching of the red crayfish is completed.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein said method comprises the steps of: the physique of the egg-carrying shrimps of the red swamp crayfish selected in the S1 needs to be more than 70 g/tail, the egg-carrying quantity is more than 300 granules, the red swamp crayfish is healthy and disease-free, the trunk and the auxiliary limbs are complete, the color is bright, and the vitality is strong.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein said method comprises the steps of: the fertilized egg screening in the S3 needs to screen and remove abnormal eggs with abnormal development and development failure, the disinfectant adopted for disinfecting the fertilized egg adopts potassium permanganate solution with 10ppm of iodophor, 10ppm of povidone iodine, 15ppm of methylene blue solution or 15ppm of methylene blue solution, and the temperature is kept between 26 ℃ and 28 ℃.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein said method comprises the steps of: the incubation temperature in the in-vitro incubation system in the S4 is controlled to be 26-28 ℃, the pH value of the water body is controlled to be 7-8.5, the dissolved oxygen of the water body is kept above 5mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.1mg/L, and the nitrite is less than or equal to 0.05 mg/L.
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| WO2010068999A1 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2010-06-24 | Genetysis Pty Ltd | Method for identifying an animal suitable for breeding |
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