CN111296336A - Method for cultivating sea urchin fries of white spine three rows - Google Patents
Method for cultivating sea urchin fries of white spine three rows Download PDFInfo
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- 241000257465 Echinoidea Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
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- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 241000227752 Chaetoceros Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000512259 Ascophyllum nodosum Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- CPKVUHPKYQGHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one;molecular iodine Chemical compound II.C=CN1CCCC1=O CPKVUHPKYQGHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000195628 Chlorophyta Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- 241000239250 Copepoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000265913 Crataegus laevigata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013175 Crataegus laevigata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004530 Echinacea purpurea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000258149 Hemicentrotus Species 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/30—Culture of aquatic animals of sponges, sea urchins or sea cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating sea urchin fries in three rows of white spines, which comprises the steps of manually setting hatching equipment, controlling hatching conditions, taking living concentrated chaetoceros as a feed to be fed, and simultaneously keeping the water quality of a hatching water body by putting bacillus licheniformis and EM (effective microorganisms), so that the success rate of hatching the sea urchin fries in the three rows of white spines can be remarkably improved, and the hatching rate can reach over 0.4%. The method for cultivating the sea urchin fries of the three columns of the white spine provides a new excellent variety for developing the cultivation of the tropical sea urchins in China, and can effectively promote the development of the cultivation industry of the tropical sea urchins in China. The method provides rich breeding seedlings for the marine ranching in coastal sea areas and three-sand sea areas of our province, provides new employment posts and ways for fishermen to change production and industry, and has very important economic and social values.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating sea urchin fries in three rows of white sea-buckthorn.
Background
Triplex alba (Tripneustes gratilla) belonging to the subclass Hemicentrotus (Echinoidea), Archae (Camarodonta), Podocarpaceae (Toxopneustidae). China is only seen in south China sea and belongs to frequently dangerous species. The sea urchin of the three columns of the white sea urchin is the largest and fastest growing one of the edible sea urchins, the diameter of the shell can reach 15cm, the weight of the sea urchin can reach 1kg, and the diameter of the shell can reach 7-8cm at one age, so that the sea urchin reaches the specifications of commercial sea urchins. The gonad (commonly called sea urchin yellow) is rich in protein and physiologically active substances beneficial to human body, and is a high-grade health care nutriment with delicious taste. Sea urchins have high edible value and high medicinal value, and are marine organisms with high economic and medicinal development values.
However, in a natural environment, the hatchability of the sea urchin fries of the three columns of the white sea urchins is extremely low, generally, the hatchability is a few millionths, the requirements of artificial breeding are difficult to meet, wild resources are reduced day by day, and marine ecology is greatly damaged. Therefore, the research and development of the breeding technology of the sea urchin fries with three columns of white spines can fill the blank of the artificial breeding technology of the sea urchins with three columns of white spines in China and is a necessary way for recovering tropical sea urchins resources. Also can provide new excellent varieties for the development of the tropical sea urchin aquaculture in China and promote the development of the tropical sea urchin aquaculture industry in China. The method provides breeding seeds for the marine ranching in coastal sea areas and three-sand sea areas of our province, provides new employment posts and ways for fishermen to change production and industry, and has great strategic significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for cultivating sea urchin fries of white spine three columns comprises the following steps:
(1) a cement pond is used as a seedling raising pond, a water inlet and drainage system is arranged in the middle of the pond, and seawater is injected to the depth of 0.8m after disinfection;
(2) selecting high-quality sea urchin fertilized eggs in three rows of white spines, putting the fertilized eggs into a seedling raising pond, wherein the putting density is 150 ten thousand grains/m3(ii) a And setting a gas head to perform continuous micro-aeration, controlling the pH value of seawater in the seedling pool to be 7-9, the salinity to be 30-35, the temperature to be 28-30 ℃, keeping the dissolved oxygen to be more than 5mg/L, and keeping the illumination intensity to be 3000-;
(3) incubating planktonic larvae from fertilized eggs of sea urchins of three rows of white spine on the 2 nd day, feeding living concentrated chaetoceros on the 3 rd day, gradually increasing the feeding amount of the chaetoceros along with the metamorphosis and growth of the planktonic larvae, and using the bacillus licheniformis liquid every 2 days;
(4) putting the cultured and sterilized attachment plates into the seedling culture pond on the 22 nd day, and pre-culturing the attachment plates until the two sides of the attachment plates are full of benthic algae which are difficult to fall off; the density of the placement of the attachment plates was 80 pieces/m2；
(5) On the 30 th day, after all the sea urchin seedlings in the three rows of the white spine are adhered, taking out the adhering plate and putting the adhering plate into another seedling raising pool, reducing the water depth to 0.5m, adding the illumination intensity to 8000-;
(6) beginning at 35 days, changing the water flow of the small flowing water in the seedling raising pond, wherein the flowing water flow is 3t/d, and increasing the flowing water flow of 1 ton every 3 days later; feeding kelp powder, and feeding the bacillus licheniformis liquid and the EM liquid once every 2 days;
(7) and collecting seedlings after 60 days.
Further, in the step (1), the length, width and height of the seedling raising pond are 2.5m × 3.0m × 1.0m, and the seedling raising pond is arranged indoors; the seawater injected into the nursery pond is subjected to sand filtration for 4 times and is disinfected by ultraviolet rays.
Further, in the step (2), 2 air heads are put in 1 square meter, and the air inflation amount is 20L/min; the seawater in the seedling raising pond is controlled to have pH value of 8.3, salinity of 32 and temperature of 30 ℃.
Further, in the step (3), the living concentrated chaetoceros is fed once a day in the morning and at night, and every 6m3The feeding amount in water is 20L, and the density of the concentrated chaetoceros is 5 multiplied by 107cell/ml; with the growth of planktonic larvae, the feeding amount of Chaetoceros increases by 5L/6m every 3 days3A body of water; the bacillus licheniformis liquid is 6m per unit3The amount put in the water body at one time is 200 ml.
Further, in the step (4), the manufacturing method of the attachment plate includes: starting to manufacture an attachment plate when the planktonic larvae of the sea urchins of the three columns of the sea urchins of the white spine grow to the 15 th day after hatching; the attachment plate is a polyethylene corrugated plate; culturing the attachment plate in another cement pond for 7-10 days until the two sides of the attachment plate are full of benthic algae which are difficult to fall off; the benthic algae are benthic diatom and/or benthic green algae.
Further, in the step (4), the attachment plates are uniformly arranged in the seedling raising pond and form an angle of 60 degrees or 45 degrees with the bottom of the seedling raising pond; the method for disinfecting the attachment plate comprises the following steps: soaking with 100ppm povidone iodine for 5 min.
Further, in the step (6), the bacillus licheniformis liquid is added every 6m3The one-time putting amount in the water body is 200 ml; the EM bacterial liquid is added every 6m3The one-time putting amount in the water body is 100 ml; the density of the put bacillus licheniformis liquid and EM liquid is 5 multiplied by 107cell/ml。
Further, in the step (6), uniformly pulling and sprinkling the kelp powder in the whole pool; every 3.75m3In the water body, the adding amount of the kelp powder is 2g per meal, the kelp powder is added once in the morning and at night, and the adding amount of the kelp powder is increased by 1g every 3 days. Has the advantages that:
according to the cultivation method of the sea urchin fries of the three columns of the white spine, disclosed by the invention, the incubation equipment is manually arranged, the incubation condition is controlled, the living concentrated chaetoceros is used as the fed feed, and meanwhile, the quality of the incubation water body is kept by putting the bacillus licheniformis and the EM, so that the success rate of incubation of the sea urchin fries of the three columns of the white spine can be obviously improved, and the incubation rate can reach more than 0.4%. Not only fills the blank of the artificial breeding technology of the echinacea purpurea three-row sea urchins in China, but also is a necessary way for recovering the tropical sea urchins resources. Provides a new excellent variety for the development of the tropical sea urchin culture in China and can effectively promote the development of the tropical sea urchin culture industry in China. The method provides rich breeding seedlings for the marine ranching in coastal sea areas and three-sand sea areas of our province, provides new employment posts and ways for fishermen to change production and industry, and has very important economic and social values.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the specific embodiments.
Example 1
A method for cultivating sea urchin fries of white spine three columns comprises the following steps:
(1) arranging a cement pond as a seedling pond indoors, wherein the length, width and height of the seedling pond are 2.5m multiplied by 3.0m multiplied by 1.0m, arranging a water inlet and drainage system, and injecting seawater to the depth of 0.8m after disinfection; the injected seawater has been sand filtered 4 times and disinfected by ultraviolet rays.
(2) Selecting high-quality three-row sea urchin fertilized eggs of white spines, putting the high-quality three-row sea urchin fertilized eggs into a seedling pond, wherein the putting density is that 150 ten thousand fertilized eggs are put in each cubic meter of water, namely 150 multiplied by 2.5 multiplied by 3.0 multiplied by 0.8 is 900 ten thousand eggs are put in each seedling pond; 2 gas heads are put in the middle of the seedling pool per square meter, the aeration quantity is 20L/min for micro aeration, the seawater of the seedling pool is controlled to have the pH value of 7, the salinity of 30, the temperature of 28 ℃ and the DO (dissolved oxygen) kept above 5mg/L, and the illumination intensity is kept at 3000-.
(3) Floating larvae are hatched from fertilized eggs of three rows of sea urchins of white spine on the 2 nd day, and each seedling pond is started on the 3 rd day (namely every 6 m)3Water) 20L, the density of which is 5 x 107cell/ml; and with the metamorphosis of planktonic larvae growing up, the feeding amount of the chaetoceros increases by 5L every 3 days, and the bacillus licheniformis liquid is put into the water body every 2 days, the feeding amount of each seedling pond is 200ml, and the density of the bacillus licheniformis is 5 multiplied by 107cell/ml。
(4) Putting the cultured attachment plates into the seedling culture pond on the 22 nd day, and culturing the attachment plates in other cement ponds in advance until two sides of the attachment plates are full of benthic algae which are difficult to fall off; before the plate is put in, 100ppm povidone iodine is used for soaking for 5min for disinfection. The density of the placement of the attachment plates was 80 pieces/m2Uniformly arranged in a seedling raising pool, and forms an angle of 60 degrees or 45 degrees with the bottom of the seedling raising pool; the floating larvae of sea urchin in the three columns of sea urchin in the spine grow for 23-26 days and then begin to become metamorphic and attached.
The manufacturing method of the attachment plate comprises the following steps: starting to manufacture an attachment plate when the planktonic larvae of the sea urchins of the three columns of the sea urchins of the white spine grow to the 15 th day after hatching; purchasing a polyethylene corrugated plate as an attachment plate; the attachment plate is cultured in other cement pond for 7-10 days until the attachment plate has two sides full of benthic algae, mainly benthic diatom or benthic green algae, which are difficult to fall off, and can prevent the growth of copepods, cladocera and protozoa.
(5) On the 30 th day, after all the sea urchin seedlings in three rows of the white spine are adhered, the adhering plate is taken out and put into another cement pond, the water depth is reduced to 0.5m, the illumination intensity in the daytime is increased to 8000-.
(6) Beginning at 35 days, changing the water flow of the small flowing water in the seedling raising pond, wherein the flowing water flow is 3t/d, and increasing the flowing water flow of 1 ton every 3 days later; simultaneously, kelp powder is fed, the feeding amount is 2g per meal, the kelp powder is uniformly distributed in the whole seedling raising pool in the morning and at night. Every 3 days, the putting amount of each meal is increased by 1 g; and putting 200ml of bacillus licheniformis liquid and 100ml of EM liquid into the water body every 2 days; the densities of the bacillus licheniformis and EM bacterial liquid are both 5 multiplied by 107cell/ml。
(7) And collecting seedlings after 60 days.
Example 2
The method for cultivating the sea urchin fries of the three columns of the white spine is the same as the method in the embodiment 1, and is characterized in that: in the step (2), the seawater in the seedling pond is controlled to have pH value of 8.3, salinity of 32 and temperature of 30 ℃.
Example 3
The method for cultivating the sea urchin fries of the three columns of the white spine is the same as the method in the embodiment 1, and is characterized in that: in the step (2), the seawater in the seedling pond is controlled to have pH value of 9, salinity of 35 and temperature of 28 ℃.
Comparison of three rows of sea urchin fries cultivated by different cultivation methods
The nursery pond and the throwing density were set according to the specification of example 1, and 6 nursery ponds were set. The experimental groups 1 to 5 respectively adopt different cultivation methods to cultivate the three rows of sea urchin seedlings of the white spine. The control group adopts a conventional breeding method, in particular to a breeding method adopted in the research on artificial breeding technology of three rows of sea urchin seedlings of white thorn published in the fishery of Hebei in the 2008 of Tang-He. The 6 experiments were carried out on day 60 for seedling collection statistics. The specific cultivation method and statistics of sea urchin fries from three columns of white sea urchins are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of different cultivation methods on sea urchin fry of three lines of white sea urchin
As can be seen from Table 1, the hatchability of the sea urchin fries of the three columns of the white spine of the 3 example groups of the invention can reach more than 0.4 percent, which is obviously higher than that of the experimental groups 4 and 5 and the control group. The bacillus licheniformis liquid can decompose residual baits and organic matters in the water body, prevent ammonia nitrogen and nitrite from being too high, and effectively prevent harmful substances in the hatching water body from increasing. The EM bacteria can control harmful bacteria and purify water quality. The hatchability of the experimental groups 4 and 5 was improved compared to the control group, but was still lower than that of the 3 example groups. The combination of the bacillus licheniformis and the EM bacteria is proved, the effects can be mutually promoted, and the action effect is obviously higher than that of the two bacteria agents which are used independently.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the embodiments are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Any equivalent modifications and substitutions to those skilled in the art are also within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, equivalent changes and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for cultivating sea urchin fries of white spine three columns is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) a cement pond is used as a seedling raising pond, a water inlet and drainage system is arranged in the middle of the pond, and seawater is injected to the depth of 0.8m after disinfection;
(2) selecting high-quality sea urchin fertilized eggs in three rows of white spines, putting the fertilized eggs into a seedling raising pond, wherein the putting density is 150 ten thousand grains/m3(ii) a And setting a gas head to perform continuous micro-aeration, controlling the pH value of seawater in the seedling pool to be 7-9, the salinity to be 30-35, the temperature to be 28-30 ℃, keeping the dissolved oxygen to be more than 5mg/L, and keeping the illumination intensity to be 3000-;
(3) incubating planktonic larvae from fertilized eggs of sea urchins of three rows of white spine on the 2 nd day, feeding living concentrated chaetoceros on the 3 rd day, gradually increasing the feeding amount of the chaetoceros along with the metamorphosis and growth of the planktonic larvae, and using the bacillus licheniformis liquid every 2 days;
(4) putting the cultured and sterilized attachment plates into the seedling culture pond on the 22 nd day, and pre-culturing the attachment plates until the two sides of the attachment plates are full of benthic algae which are difficult to fall off; the density of the placement of the attachment plates was 80 pieces/m2；
(5) On the 30 th day, after all the sea urchin seedlings in the three rows of the white spine are adhered, taking out the adhering plate and putting the adhering plate into another seedling raising pool, reducing the water depth to 0.5m, adding the illumination intensity to 8000-;
(6) beginning at 35 days, changing the water flow of the small flowing water in the seedling raising pond, wherein the flowing water flow is 3t/d, and increasing the flowing water flow of 1 ton every 3 days later; feeding kelp powder, and feeding the bacillus licheniformis liquid and the EM liquid once every 2 days;
(7) and collecting seedlings after 60 days.
2. The method for cultivating sea urchin fries of the white spine three columns as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the length, width and height of the seedling raising pond are 2.5m multiplied by 3.0m multiplied by 1.0m, and the seedling raising pond is arranged indoors; the seawater injected into the nursery pond is subjected to sand filtration for 4 times and is disinfected by ultraviolet rays.
3. The method for cultivating sea urchin fries of the white spine three columns as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), 2 gas heads are put in 1 square meter, and the aeration quantity is 20L/min; the seawater in the seedling raising pond is controlled to have pH value of 8.3, salinity of 32 and temperature of 30 ℃.
4. The method for cultivating sea urchin fries of the white spine three columns as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the living concentrated chaetoceros is respectively fed once every morning and evening, and every 6m3The feeding amount in water is 20L, and the density of the concentrated chaetoceros is 5 multiplied by 107cell/ml; with the growth of planktonic larvae, the feeding amount of Chaetoceros increases by 5L/6m every 3 days3A body of water; the bacillus licheniformis liquid is 6m per unit3The amount put in the water body at one time is 200 ml.
5. The method for cultivating sea urchin fries of the white spine three columns as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the manufacturing method of the attachment plate comprises the following steps: starting to manufacture an attachment plate when the planktonic larvae of the sea urchins of the three columns of the sea urchins of the white spine grow to the 15 th day after hatching; the attachment plate is a polyethylene corrugated plate; culturing the attachment plate in another cement pond for 7-10 days until the two sides of the attachment plate are full of benthic algae which are difficult to fall off; the benthic algae are benthic diatom and/or benthic green algae.
6. The method for cultivating sea urchin fries of the white spine three columns as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the attachment plates are uniformly arranged in the seedling raising pond and form an angle of 60 degrees or 45 degrees with the bottom of the seedling raising pond; the method for disinfecting the attachment plate comprises the following steps: soaking with 100ppm povidone iodine for 5 min.
7. The method for cultivating sea urchin fries of the white spine three columns as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (6), the bacillus licheniformis liquid is added every 6m3The one-time putting amount in the water body is 200 ml; the EM bacterial liquid is added every 6m3The one-time putting amount in the water body is 100 ml; the density of the put bacillus licheniformis liquid and EM liquid is 5 multiplied by 107cell/ml。
8. The method for cultivating sea urchin fries of the white spine three columns as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (6), uniformly pulling and sprinkling the kelp powder in the whole pool; every 3.75m3In the water body, the adding amount of the kelp powder is 2g per meal, and the kelp powder is added once in the morning and at night; the amount of each meal was increased by 1g every 3 days.
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