CN114793715B - Method for preventing olive black star disease - Google Patents
Method for preventing olive black star disease Download PDFInfo
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- CN114793715B CN114793715B CN202210293966.3A CN202210293966A CN114793715B CN 114793715 B CN114793715 B CN 114793715B CN 202210293966 A CN202210293966 A CN 202210293966A CN 114793715 B CN114793715 B CN 114793715B
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- Prior art keywords
- olive
- calcium
- scab
- fruit
- aqueous emulsion
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- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 title description 13
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 title description 12
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 206010027146 Melanoderma Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- PVTHJAPFENJVNC-MHRBZPPQSA-N kasugamycin Chemical compound N[C@H]1C[C@H](NC(=N)C(O)=O)[C@@H](C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O PVTHJAPFENJVNC-MHRBZPPQSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005760 Difenoconazole Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- BQYJATMQXGBDHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N difenoconazole Chemical compound O1C(C)COC1(C=1C(=CC(OC=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)=CC=1)Cl)CN1N=CN=C1 BQYJATMQXGBDHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000005730 Azoxystrobin Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005742 Bupirimate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- WFDXOXNFNRHQEC-GHRIWEEISA-N azoxystrobin Chemical compound CO\C=C(\C(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1OC1=CC(OC=2C(=CC=CC=2)C#N)=NC=N1 WFDXOXNFNRHQEC-GHRIWEEISA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- DSKJPMWIHSOYEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bupirimate Chemical compound CCCCC1=C(C)N=C(NCC)N=C1OS(=O)(=O)N(C)C DSKJPMWIHSOYEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940069978 calcium supplement Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- BCYMZMFCJMHEBD-JHZYRPMRSA-L copper;(1r,4ar,4br,10ar)-1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [Cu+2].C([C@@H]12)CC(C(C)C)=CC1=CC[C@@H]1[C@]2(C)CCC[C@@]1(C)C([O-])=O.C([C@@H]12)CC(C(C)C)=CC1=CC[C@@H]1[C@]2(C)CCC[C@@]1(C)C([O-])=O BCYMZMFCJMHEBD-JHZYRPMRSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 30
- OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;silicon Chemical compound [Ca]=[Si] OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 13
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 12
- 235000002725 Olea europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 11
- 241000207836 Olea <angiosperm> Species 0.000 description 10
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 10
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 8
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- ZMYFCFLJBGAQRS-IRXDYDNUSA-N (2R,3S)-epoxiconazole Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1[C@@]1(CN2N=CN=C2)[C@H](C=2C(=CC=CC=2)Cl)O1 ZMYFCFLJBGAQRS-IRXDYDNUSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PXMNMQRDXWABCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1CC(O)(C(C)(C)C)CCC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 PXMNMQRDXWABCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000005885 Buprofezin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005767 Epoxiconazole Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000005839 Tebuconazole Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- PRLVTUNWOQKEAI-VKAVYKQESA-N buprofezin Chemical compound O=C1N(C(C)C)\C(=N\C(C)(C)C)SCN1C1=CC=CC=C1 PRLVTUNWOQKEAI-VKAVYKQESA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 5
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- -1 calcium oligosaccharide Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 3
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241001466030 Psylloidea Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005078 fruit development Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000017520 skin disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000003206 sterilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010017533 Fungal infection Diseases 0.000 description 2
- ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Ca] ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019794 sodium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002364 soil amendment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000258957 Asteroidea Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010006956 Calcium deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000329195 Sparganium erectum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004495 emulsifiable concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008288 physiological mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000434 stratum corneum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/54—1,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing olive scab. In the invention, the actual cause of the olive scab is disclosed for the first time, and the problem that the black spot of the olive fruit cannot be overcome in the prior art is solved. The method for preventing the olive scab regulates and improves the soil of the olive garden by combining with the calcium-silicon fertilizer, and a series of means of applying the calcium-containing water-soluble fertilizer before the olive bloom and the calcium fertilizer is rapidly supplemented for a plurality of times on the leaves of the fruits in the development period, and timely spraying the bactericide after the rain, etc. are used for preventing the occurrence of the fruit cracking and the scab, thereby effectively inhibiting the occurrence of the scab, leading the occurrence rate of the scab to be sharply reduced from 52-85% of the conventional one to 2%, and obviously improving the appearance of the olive fruits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plant disease control, and particularly relates to a method for preventing olive scab.
Background
The olive scab is a new disease of fruits found in the olive planting production area in recent years. The main characteristic of olive scab is that the fruit surface produces black spots when the olives are ripe and harvested, thus called scab. The starchy appearance of the fruits is seriously affected by the starchy appearance of the olives, so that the sales are difficult, particularly the price of some relatively rare fresh olives (such as common burreed rhizome and green Pi Ganlan) is greatly affected, and the sustainable development of the olive industry is very unfavorable.
In the related art, no report on the olive scab and the prevention technology thereof has been found, but in actual production, pesticide damage caused by improper pesticide spraying is caused by fruit farmers taking black spots on the surface of the olives, namely, pesticide such as emulsifiable concentrate, organic phosphorus and the like is used in young fruit period to hurt the surface of the fruits, or pesticide damage is caused by pesticide spraying when the pesticide is strongly shone in unsuitable period such as Gao Wenri noon, so that the fruit farmers pay attention to the detail of spraying during pesticide spraying to prevent the olive scab, but can not prevent frequent occurrence of the olive scab. Thus, there is currently no effective method for preventing olive black star.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the prior art described above. Therefore, the invention provides a method for preventing the olive scab, which regulates and improves the soil of the olive garden by adding the calcium-silicon fertilizer, and the method comprises the steps of flushing the calcium-containing water-soluble fertilizer before the olive bloom, rapidly supplementing the calcium fertilizer for the leaves in the fruit development period for a plurality of times, timely spraying the sterilizing agent after the rain and the like, so that the occurrence of the olive scab is effectively controlled, the damage of the olive scab to the olive planting is reduced, and the stable development of the olive planting industry is ensured.
In a first aspect of the invention, a method for preventing olive black spot is provided.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) Pruning old roots of fruit trees from 11 months in the last year to 1 month in the next year, and applying a soil conditioner;
(2) After fruit picking, pruning tree crowns;
(3) Spraying copper abietate aqueous emulsion or a combination of the benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion and triazole pesticide to kill germs;
(4) Calcium supplement is carried out on the fruit trees before flowering in spring tip stage;
(5) Calcium supplementation is carried out at the fruit development stage after flowers are removed;
(6) In the period of fruit swelling of 7-11 months in the past, the bupirimate and the kasugamycin are sprayed within 2 hours after rain.
In the related technology, the black spot on the surface of the olive is always considered to be an improper pesticide injury caused by spraying pesticide, and on the basis of finding different symptoms of fruit pesticide injury and scab caused by olive production operation, the invention clearly shows that the crack of the olive fruit (especially the crack after high-temperature drought shock) is a main cause of occurrence of the olive scab, and finds that the physiological mechanism of the crack of the olive fruit and the essence of the scab caused by fungus infection after the crack of the fruit rapidly occur after rain, thereby combining with applying calcium-silicon fertilizer to condition and improve the soil of the olive garden, applying calcium-containing water-soluble fertilizer before the flowering of the olive, applying a plurality of calcium-containing water-soluble fertilizers to the leaf surfaces of the fruit in the development period, spraying sterilizing medicaments and other series of means in time after rain to prevent the occurrence of fruit cracks and scab, and improving the appearance of the olive fruit.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, in some embodiments of the present invention, the soil conditioner in step (1) comprises: at least one of quicklime, potassium silicate, sodium silicate, straw and organic fertilizer.
In some embodiments of the invention, the soil amendment of step (1) comprises: at least four of quicklime, potassium silicate, sodium silicate, straw and organic fertilizer.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the soil amendment in step (1) is: quicklime, potassium silicate, straw and organic fertilizer.
In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the organic fertilizer is a farmyard manure or a green manure.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the soil conditioner in step (1) comprises the following components in mass ratio: quicklime: potassium silicate or sodium silicate: straw: organic fertilizer=60 to 120: 6-10: 400-600: 900-1100.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the soil conditioner in step (1) comprises the following components in mass ratio: quicklime: potassium silicate or sodium silicate: straw: organic fertilizer=60 to 120: 6-10: 500:1000.
according to a first aspect of the invention, in some embodiments of the invention, the fruit picking in step (2) is specifically 11-12 months from the last year.
In some embodiments of the invention, pruning the crown includes thinning out too dense branches, and thoroughly removing diseased and dead branches and fallen leaves.
According to a first aspect of the invention, in some embodiments of the invention, the copper rosinate aqueous emulsion in step (3) is an aqueous 800-1200 fold dilution of 18-22% copper rosinate aqueous emulsion.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mixing volume ratio of the benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion to the triazole pesticide in the step (3) is 1-2: 1.
in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mixing volume ratio of the benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion to the triazole pesticide in the step (3) is 1:1.
in some preferred embodiments of the invention, the aqueous emulsion of benziothiazolinone is a 600-800 fold aqueous dilution of 1.2-1.5% aqueous emulsion of benziothiazolinone.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the triazole-based pesticide includes tebuconazole and epoxiconazole.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, in some embodiments of the present invention, the calcium supplement in step (4) is: and (3) flushing and applying a calcium-containing water-soluble fertilizer in the tree crown drip line, and applying oligosaccharide calcium, difenoconazole and fluid boron on the leaf surface.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the calcium-containing water-soluble fertilizer is 0.1% -0.3% calcium nitrate or calcium chloride, and the application amount of the calcium-containing water-soluble fertilizer is 8-12 kg.
In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the calcium-containing water-soluble fertilizer is applied in an amount of 10 kg.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the volume ratio of the oligosaccharide calcium, difenoconazole and fluid boron is 5-6: 1:1.
in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the volume ratio of the oligosaccharide calcium, difenoconazole and fluid boron is 6:1:1.
in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the foliar application times of the oligosaccharide calcium, difenoconazole and fluid boron are 2 times.
According to a first aspect of the invention, in some embodiments of the invention, the calcium supplement is: the sugar alcohol calcium is sprayed on the leaf surface.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the volumetric ratio of the azoxystrobin and kasugamycin in step (6) is 1-2: 1.
in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the volumetric ratio of the bupirimate and kasugamycin in step (6) is 1:1.
in some preferred embodiments of the invention, the azoxystrobin is a 25-35% azoxystrobin 800-1200 fold aqueous dilution.
In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the kasugamycin is a 300-400 fold aqueous dilution of from 3 to 4% kasugamycin.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the method for preventing olive black spot comprises the specific steps of:
(1) Soil conditioning and improvement:
the deep ploughing and soil improvement is carried out from 11 months in the last year to 1 month in the next year, and specifically comprises the following steps: the aged fine roots of olive trees are cut off to promote the growth of new roots with strong absorption function in a large quantity. Two annular grooves with the length of 1 meter, the width of 60 cm and the depth of about 60 cm are dug on the inner side of the drip line of the crown of the olive tree. Meanwhile, quicklime (the usage amount is 60 kg/mu), potassium silicate (or sodium silicate can be used instead of the quicklime, the usage amount is 6 kg/mu), straw, organic fertilizer (farmyard manure or green manure) and soil are fully stirred uniformly (the mass ratio of each component is about that quicklime to potassium silicate or sodium silicate to straw to organic fertilizer=60-120:6-10:500:1000) and are applied into the fruit tree soil together, so that the soil fertility and the soil structure are improved, the tree vigor is enhanced, and the disease resistance is increased.
(2) And (3) reasonably pruning the fruit trees:
pruning the fruit trees after fruit picking in the last year (11-12 months in the last year), thinning out the too dense branches, thoroughly removing the pest branches, dead branches and fallen leaves, and enhancing the ventilation and light permeability of the orchard.
(3) Cleaning and sterilizing:
in winter (11-12 months in the last year), 20% (the content of active ingredients) of copper rosinate aqueous emulsion (dilution multiple: 1000 times, the dilution liquid is water) or 1.5% (the content of active ingredients) of buprofezin aqueous emulsion (dilution multiple: 800 times, the dilution liquid is water) +triazole pesticides such as tebuconazole or epoxiconazole (the mixing volume ratio of the buprofezin aqueous emulsion and the triazole pesticides is about 1:1) are sprayed on the whole field to fully kill pathogenic bacteria in the field and reduce infection opportunities.
(4) Before flowering in spring tip period (2-3 months in the coming year), water-soluble fertilizer containing calcium (0.1% -0.3% calcium nitrate or calcium chloride) is applied in the water dripping line of the tree crown, and 10 kg of water is applied to each olive tree. Then, oligosaccharide calcium magnesium (Ca+Mg is larger than or equal to 100g/L, seaweed oligosaccharide is larger than or equal to 200 g/L) 800 times of diluent+10% (the content of effective components) 1500 times of difenoconazole and fluid boron (B is larger than or equal to 150g/L, and natural compound sugar alcohol is larger than or equal to 250 g/L) are applied to the leaf surface for 2 times. Wherein the application volume ratio of the calcium oligosaccharide, the difenoconazole and the fluid boron is about 6:1:1.
(5) In the development period of fruits after flowers are shed (6-7 months in the coming year), calcium sugar alkoxides (Ca is larger than or equal to 200g/L and natural composite sugar alcohol is larger than or equal to 200 g/L) are sprayed on leaf surfaces for multiple times, wherein 20 g of calcium sugar alkoxides can be used each mu, 30 kg of water is added for uniform spraying, and the spraying is carried out once every 10 days and 4 times of regular spraying are carried out.
(6) In the period of fruit swelling of 7-11 months in the coming year, 30% (v/v) of 1000-time water dilution of azoxystrobin and 400-time water dilution of kasugamycin with the content of effective components are timely sprayed to the fruit tree within 2 hours of sunny days after each raining, so that fungi on the surface of the fruit are killed, and invasion infection is prevented. Wherein the volume ratio of the bupirimate to the kasugamycin is about 1:1.
the inventor finds that the technical measures of conditioning and improving the garden soil by adding the calcium-silicon fertilizer, flushing and spraying the water-soluble fertilizer containing calcium before the olive flowers and spraying the water-soluble fertilizer containing calcium on the leaf surfaces for preventing and sterilizing, rapidly supplementing the calcium fertilizer for multiple times on the leaf surfaces in the fruit development period, timely spraying the sterilizing agent after rain and the like can effectively prevent the occurrence of the black star disease of the olive fruits and improve the appearance of the olive fruits.
Furthermore, the inventors have found that the major difference between olive fruit lesions and scab is that scab is a disease caused by fungal infection, that lesions are not infected by fungi, that the black spots of the lesions are substantially in the form of one piece, and that scab is a punctiform hazard. Moreover, another similar disease, olive black skin disease (Wu Pi disease), is also different from scab, and the olive black skin disease is caused by the insect pest of olives, namely the damage of star-shaped psyllids, and the excrement secreted by the star-shaped psyllids is blackened on the whole fruit caused by being stuck to the surface of the fruit, so that the black skin disease can be effectively controlled only by preventing the psyllids in production. In practice, the inventors found that the mechanism of occurrence of olive scab is complex, and that tree body deficiency (calcium, silicon) and fungal infection are the main causes of easy occurrence of scab. In the related art, the olive production and cultivation mainly adopts extensive management, and the pruning and balanced fertilization are lacked, so that the starfish in the olive orchard, which causes the tree vigor to be weak, is particularly serious. Especially, the incidence rate of scab in olive orchards, which lack medium trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, silicon and the like in the tree body, is higher due to the partial application of nitrogenous fertilizer. The silicon fertilizer is applied to main crops such as rice, wheat and the like at present, but is not applied to olives. The inventor finds that the fixation of the phosphate fertilizer in the soil can be reduced by applying the phosphate fertilizer to the olive Shi Jiagui, the phosphorus in the soil is activated, the absorption of the phosphorus by the root system is promoted, and the utilization rate of the phosphate fertilizer by the olive is improved. Meanwhile, the fertilizer can strengthen the absorption and utilization of calcium and magnesium, and can well regulate the balanced absorption of crops to different nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like. The olive fruits are common 33 fruits with the highest calcium content, a large amount of calcium elements are needed for the growth and development of the olives, calcium is easy to combine with anions such as sulfate radical, carbonate radical and the like in soil to form water-insoluble salt which cannot be absorbed by root systems, and the calcium absorbed by the root systems can not meet the requirements of the growth and development of the olives. Calcium is almost exclusively transported in plants through xylem, and calcium moves upwards in plants mainly by the tension of water transpiration. The olive tree body is high in arbor, and the phenomena of calcium deficiency of the leaves and fruits of the olive tree which are widely managed are common. Calcium is a main component of cell walls, calcium increases the toughness of peel, reduces fruit cracking caused by excessively rapid swelling, silicon strengthens the cell walls, and the stratum corneum is increased to form a firm protective layer, so that germs are difficult to invade. However, the inventors actually observed that the olive fruits are severely cracked, especially the cracks on the surfaces of the olive fruits are suddenly increased (mainly in punctiform form) caused by high-temperature drought and sudden rain, and in further research, if fungi (fungi generating black spots) infest the surfaces of the olive fruits, black spots can be generated on the surfaces of the olive fruits, so that the inventors judge that the cracks on the surfaces of the olive fruits caused by the lack of elements such as calcium, magnesium and the like are the main cause of the infection of the black star. Prior to this, no disclosure of any relevant matter has been made.
In a second aspect of the invention there is provided the use of a method according to the first aspect of the invention for the prevention or treatment of olive black spot.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention discovers that the black spots on the surface of the olive are not the wrong area of medicine injury caused by improper pesticide spraying, but the black spot disease caused by fungus infection after the fruit is rapidly split after rain, solves the problem that the black spots of the olive fruit cannot be effectively inhibited in the prior art, and provides powerful technical support for ensuring high yield and excellent yield of the olive fruit.
2. The method for preventing the olive scab of the invention regulates and improves the soil of the olive garden by combining with the calcium-silicon fertilizer, and a series of means of applying the calcium-containing water-soluble fertilizer before the olive bloom and the calcium fertilizer for supplementing the foliar surface of the fruit in the development period for a plurality of times, and timely spraying the sterilizing agent after the rain, etc. are used for preventing the fruit from cracking and the scab, thereby effectively inhibiting the scab from happening, leading the incidence rate to be reduced from 52-85% of the conventional one to 2% and obviously improving the appearance of the olive fruit.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a physical diagram of healthy olive fruits.
Fig. 2 is a physical diagram of olive fruits at different periods of scab.
Fig. 3 is a physical diagram of olive fruits of the control method of comparative example 1.
Fig. 4 is a physical diagram of olive fruits of the control method of comparative example 1.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of the fruit of olive with medicine injury.
Fig. 6 is a physical diagram of olive fruits according to the control method of example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and technical effects of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description is presented herein for purposes of illustration only and is not intended to limit the invention.
The experimental materials and reagents used, unless otherwise specified, are those conventionally available commercially.
In order to be able to embody the effectiveness of the method for preventing olive black spot in the following examples, the test orchards in the following examples are all orchards in which olive black spot has occurred.
Example 1
The method for preventing the olive black spot in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(2) Soil conditioning and improvement:
selecting an orchard with olive scab, and deep ploughing and soil improvement in winter (11 months in the last year to 1 month in the next year) specifically comprises the following steps: the aged fine roots of olive trees are cut off to promote the growth of new roots with strong absorption function in a large quantity. Two annular grooves with the length of 1 meter, the width of 60 cm and the depth of about 60 cm are dug on the inner side of the drip line of the crown of the olive tree. Meanwhile, quicklime (the usage amount is 60 kg/mu), potassium silicate (or sodium silicate can be used instead of the quicklime, the usage amount is 6 kg/mu), straw, organic fertilizer (farmyard manure or green manure) and soil are fully stirred uniformly (the mass ratio of each component is about that quicklime to potassium silicate or sodium silicate to straw to organic fertilizer=60-120:6-10:400-600:900-1100) and are applied to fruit tree soil together, so that the soil fertility and soil structure are improved, the tree vigor is enhanced, and the disease resistance is increased.
(2) And (3) reasonably pruning the fruit trees:
reasonably pruning tree forms, optimizing tree crown structures, and specifically: pruning the fruit trees after the fruit is picked in the last year (11-12 months in the last year), thinning out the too dense branches, thoroughly removing the pest branches, the dead branches and the fallen leaves, and enhancing the ventilation and light permeability of the orchard.
(3) Cleaning and sterilizing:
in winter (11-12 months in the last year), 20% (the content of active ingredients) of copper rosinate aqueous emulsion (dilution multiple: 1000 times, the dilution liquid is water) or 1.5% (the content of active ingredients) of buprofezin aqueous emulsion (dilution multiple: 800 times, the dilution liquid is water) +triazole pesticides such as tebuconazole or epoxiconazole (the mixing volume ratio of the buprofezin aqueous emulsion and the triazole pesticides is about 1:1) are sprayed on the whole field to fully kill pathogenic bacteria in the field and reduce infection opportunities.
(4) Before flowering in spring tip period (2-3 months in the coming year), water-soluble fertilizer containing calcium (0.1% -0.3% calcium nitrate or calcium chloride) is applied in the water dripping line of the tree crown, and 10 kg of water is applied to each olive tree. Then, oligosaccharide calcium magnesium (Ca+Mg is larger than or equal to 100g/L, seaweed oligosaccharide is larger than or equal to 200 g/L) 800 times of diluent+10% (the content of effective components) 1500 times of difenoconazole and fluid boron (B is larger than or equal to 150g/L, and natural compound sugar alcohol is larger than or equal to 250 g/L) are applied to the leaf surface for 2 times. Wherein the application volume ratio of the calcium oligosaccharide, the difenoconazole and the fluid boron is about 6:1:1.
(5) In the development period of fruits after flowers are shed (6-7 months in the coming year), calcium sugar alkoxides (Ca is larger than or equal to 200g/L and natural composite sugar alcohol is larger than or equal to 200 g/L) are sprayed on leaf surfaces for multiple times, wherein 20 g of calcium sugar alkoxides can be used each mu, 30 kg of water is added for uniform spraying, and the spraying is carried out once every 10 days and 4 times of regular spraying are carried out.
(6) In the period of fruit swelling of 7-11 months in the coming year, 30% (v/v) of 1000-time water dilution of azoxystrobin and 400-time water dilution of kasugamycin with the content of effective components are timely sprayed to the fruit tree within 2 hours of sunny days after each raining, so that fungi on the surface of the fruit are killed, and invasion infection is prevented. Wherein the volume ratio of the bupirimate to the kasugamycin is about 1:1.
example 2
The method for preventing the olive black spot in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(3) Soil conditioning and improvement:
selecting an orchard with olive scab, and deep ploughing and soil improvement in winter (11 months in the last year to 1 month in the next year) specifically comprises the following steps: the aged fine roots of olive trees are cut off to promote the growth of new roots with strong absorption function in a large quantity. Two annular grooves with the length of 1 meter, the width of 60 cm and the depth of about 60 cm are dug on the inner side of the drip line of the crown of the olive tree. Meanwhile, quicklime (the usage amount is 120 kg/mu), potassium silicate (or sodium silicate can be used instead of the quicklime, the usage amount is 10 kg/mu), straw, organic fertilizer (farmyard manure or green manure) and soil are fully stirred uniformly (the mass ratio of each component is about that quicklime to potassium silicate or sodium silicate to straw to organic fertilizer=60-120:6-10:400-600:900-1100) and are applied into fruit tree soil together, so that the soil fertility and soil structure are improved, the tree vigor is enhanced, and the disease resistance is increased.
(2) And (3) reasonably pruning the fruit trees:
reasonably pruning tree forms, optimizing tree crown structures, and specifically: pruning the fruit trees after the fruit is picked in the last year (11-12 months in the last year), thinning out the too dense branches, thoroughly removing the pest branches, the dead branches and the fallen leaves, and enhancing the ventilation and light permeability of the orchard.
(3) Cleaning and sterilizing:
in winter (11-12 months in the last year), the copper rosinate aqueous emulsion (the dilution factor is 1000 times, the dilution liquid is water) with 20 percent (the content of the active ingredients) or the buprofezin aqueous emulsion with 1.5 percent (the dilution factor is 800 times) +triazole pesticides such as tebuconazole or epoxiconazole (the mixing volume ratio of the buprofezin aqueous emulsion and the triazole pesticides is about 1:1) is sprayed in the whole field so as to fully kill pathogenic bacteria in the field and reduce the infection opportunities.
(4) Before flowering in spring tip period (2-3 months in the coming year), water-soluble fertilizer containing calcium (0.1% -0.3% calcium nitrate or calcium chloride) is applied in the water dripping line of the tree crown, and 10 kg of water is applied to each olive tree. Then, 1000 times of diluent of calcium and magnesium oligosaccharide (Ca+Mg is larger than or equal to 100g/L, seaweed oligosaccharide is larger than or equal to 200 g/L), 2000 times of diluent of difenoconazole (content of effective components) and fluid boron (B is larger than or equal to 150g/L, natural compound sugar alcohol is larger than or equal to 250 g/L) are applied to the leaf surface for 2 times. Wherein the application volume ratio of the calcium oligosaccharide, the difenoconazole and the fluid boron is about 6:1:1.
(5) In the development period of fruits after flowers are shed (6-7 months in the coming year), calcium sugar alkoxides (Ca is larger than or equal to 200g/L and natural composite sugar alcohol is larger than or equal to 200 g/L) are sprayed on leaf surfaces for multiple times, wherein 20 g of calcium sugar alkoxides can be used each mu, 30 kg of water is added for uniform spraying, and the spraying is carried out once every 15 days, and the spraying is carried out for 4 times periodically.
(6) In the period of expanding fruits of 7-11 months in the coming year, 30% (v/v) of 1200 times of diluent of the azoxystrobin and 500 times of diluent of the kasugamycin (the volume ratio of the azoxystrobin to the kasugamycin is about 1-2:1) are timely sprayed on the fruit trees within 2 hours of sunny days after each raining, so that fungi on the surfaces of the fruits are killed, and invasion infection is prevented. Wherein the volume ratio of the bupirimate to the kasugamycin is about 1:1.
comparative example 1
The method for preventing and controlling the olive scab in the comparative example is a conventional control method for preventing and controlling the olive diseases, and comprises the following steps:
(1) Soil conditioning and improvement:
an orchard with olive scab is selected, and organic fertilizer (farmyard manure or green manure, the same amount as in example 1) and soil are fully stirred and applied to the fruit tree soil in winter (11 months of the last year to 1 month of the next year).
(2) And (3) reasonably pruning the fruit trees:
reasonably pruning tree forms, optimizing tree crown structures, and specifically: pruning the fruit trees after the fruit is picked in the last year (11-12 months in the last year), thinning out the too dense branches, thoroughly removing the pest branches, the dead branches and the fallen leaves, and enhancing the ventilation and light permeability of the orchard.
(3) Cleaning and sterilizing:
in winter (11-12 months in the last year), the triazole pesticides such as 20% (the content of the active ingredients) of copper rosinate aqueous emulsion (dilution factor: 1000) or 1.5% (the content of the active ingredients) of the benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion (dilution factor: 800) +tebuconazole or epoxiconazole are sprayed on the whole field to fully kill pathogenic bacteria in the field and reduce infection opportunities (the mixing volume ratio of the benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion to the triazole pesticides is about 1:1).
(4) In the development period of fruits after flowers are removed (6-7 months in the next year), shi Bao fruit pesticide fertilizer (1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate) and other pesticides for preventing diseases and insect pests are sprayed, and meanwhile, the spraying position and the spraying time are kept at hand, so that the pesticide injury is prevented.
(5) In the period of fruit swelling of 7-11 months in the coming year, 30 percent (content of active ingredients) of 1200 times of diluent of the azoxystrobin and 4 percent (content of active ingredients) of 500 times of diluent of the kasugamycin are sprayed after 2 hours of sunny days after each raining. Wherein the volume ratio of the bupirimate to the kasugamycin is about 1:1.
comparative example 2
The method for preventing and controlling the olive scab in the comparative example is a conventional control method for preventing and controlling the olive diseases, and comprises the following steps:
(1) Soil conditioning and improvement:
selecting an orchard with olive scab, and performing neither deep ploughing nor fertilizer burying treatment in winter (11 months in the last year to 1 month in the next year).
(2) And (3) reasonably pruning the fruit trees:
reasonably pruning tree forms, optimizing tree crown structures, and specifically: pruning the fruit trees after the fruit is picked in the last year (11-12 months in the last year), thinning out the too dense branches, thoroughly removing the pest branches, the dead branches and the fallen leaves, and enhancing the ventilation and light permeability of the orchard.
(3) Cleaning and sterilizing:
in winter (11-12 months in the last year), the triazole pesticide such as 20% (the content of the effective components) copper rosinate aqueous emulsion (the dilution factor: 1000) or 1.5% (the content of the effective components) benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion (the dilution factor: 800) +tebuconazole or epoxiconazole is sprayed on the whole field to sufficiently kill pathogenic bacteria in the field and reduce infection opportunities. ( The mixing volume ratio of the benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion to the triazole pesticide is about 1:1 )
(4) In the development period of fruits after flowers are shed (6-7 months in the next year), shi Bao fruit pesticide fertilizer (1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate) and pesticide for preventing diseases and insect pests are sprayed, and meanwhile, the spraying position and the spraying time are kept at hand, so that the occurrence of pesticide injury is prevented.
(5) In the period of fruit swelling of 7-11 months in the coming year, 30 percent (content of active ingredients) of 1200 times of diluent of the azoxystrobin and 4 percent (content of active ingredients) of 500 times of diluent of the kasugamycin are sprayed after 2 hours of sunny days after each raining. Wherein the volume ratio of the bupirimate to the kasugamycin is about 1:1.
practical use effect of method for preventing olive black spot
The actual control effects in the above example 1 and comparative example 1 were compared, and the results are shown in table 1.
The method for calculating the black spot rate (%) comprises the following steps: black spot rate (%) =the number of black spot fruits appearing/total number of fruits×100%.
Table 1 comparison of the black spot rates of the results of different management techniques
From the data in table 1, it can be found that the prevention and treatment effects of the method in example 1 and comparative example 1 on olive scab are significantly different, and the phenomenon of black spots on olive fruits is obvious during the middle fruit period and the mature period, especially in the mature period, the fruit tree fruits in comparative example 1 are infected in a large area due to the poor early prevention and treatment effects, so that at most 85% of fruits in the whole tree are affected, and the value and yield of olives are greatly affected. The method in the embodiment 1 can prevent and treat the scab and effectively stop infection in the middle fruiting period, so that the infection diffusion in the subsequent mature period is greatly inhibited, and the occurrence rate of the scab is reduced to about 2%. The above results indicate that the control method in example 1 has a remarkable effect of preventing scab.
Meanwhile, in order to better exhibit the control effect of the methods of example 1 and comparative example 1 on scab, the inventors conducted photo comparison of healthy olive fruits, olive fruits of different periods of scab, olive fruits of the control method of example 1, olive fruits of the control method of comparative example 1, and medicine-damaged olive fruits, respectively.
The results are shown in FIGS. 1 to 6.
Fig. 1 is a healthy olive fruit. Fig. 2 shows olive fruits at different stages of scab. It was found that the characteristics of the scab were apparent and that as the infection level increased, the characterization also produced a significant difference.
Fig. 5 shows the olive fruits being wounded by the medicine. Comparing fig. 2, it can be found that the actual characterization of the medicine injury olive fruits is obviously different from the characteristics of the scab, the two are not similar to each other, the scab is distributed in a punctiform manner, the medicine injury can be continuously distributed in a large-area block manner, and no obvious speckle trace exists. It can thus be stated that the scab is not actually caused by a drug injury.
Fig. 3 to 4 show olive fruits of the control method of comparative example 1, and it can be seen from comparison of fig. 2 that black spots characteristic of scab are generated on the surface of the olives, indicating that the method of comparative example 1 described above is not effective in controlling olive scab.
Fig. 6 shows the olive fruits of the control method of example 1, and it can be seen from comparison of fig. 1 and fig. 2 that the surface of the olive has no black spots, and has no two differences from the normal olive, which illustrates that the method of example 1 can effectively control the olive scab.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preventing olive black spot comprising the steps of:
(1) Pruning old roots of fruit trees from 11 months in the last year to 1 month in the next year, and applying a soil conditioner;
(2) After fruit picking, pruning tree crowns;
(3) Spraying copper abietate aqueous emulsion or combining the benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion and triazole pesticide to kill germs;
(4) Calcium supplement is carried out on the fruit trees before flowering in spring tip stage;
(5) Supplementing calcium again in the development period of fruits after flowers are removed;
(6) Spraying the bupirimate and the kasugamycin within 2 hours after rain in the fruit swelling period of 7-11 months in the following year;
wherein, the mass ratio of each component of the soil conditioner in the step (1) is as follows: quicklime: potassium silicate or sodium silicate: straw: organic fertilizer=60 to 120: 6-10: 400-600: 900-1100;
the calcium supplement in the step (4) is as follows: applying calcium-containing water-soluble fertilizer in a tree crown drip line, and applying oligosaccharide calcium, difenoconazole and fluid boron on leaf surfaces, wherein the volume ratio of the oligosaccharide calcium to the difenoconazole to the fluid boron is 5-6: 1:1, a step of;
the calcium supplement in the step (5) is as follows: the sugar alcohol calcium is sprayed on the leaf surface.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the copper rosinate aqueous emulsion in step (3) is an aqueous 800-1200 fold dilution of 18-22% copper rosinate aqueous emulsion.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the volume ratio of the benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion to the triazole pesticide is 1-2: 1, a step of; the benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion is 600-800 times of water dilution of 1.2-1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the azoxystrobin to the kasugamycin in the step (6) is 1-2: 1, a step of; the bupirimate is an 800-1200 times water diluent of 25-35% bupirimate; the kasugamycin is 300-400 times of water diluent with the concentration of 3-4 percent.
5. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 for the prevention or treatment of olive scab.
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| CN111990146A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-27 | 福建省龙梦农生物科技有限公司 | Integrated control method for honey pomelo scab |
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