CN114793715A - Method for preventing olive scab - Google Patents
Method for preventing olive scab Download PDFInfo
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- CN114793715A CN114793715A CN202210293966.3A CN202210293966A CN114793715A CN 114793715 A CN114793715 A CN 114793715A CN 202210293966 A CN202210293966 A CN 202210293966A CN 114793715 A CN114793715 A CN 114793715A
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- Prior art keywords
- olive
- calcium
- scab
- fruit
- water
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- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000005730 Azoxystrobin Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- WFDXOXNFNRHQEC-GHRIWEEISA-N azoxystrobin Chemical compound CO\C=C(\C(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1OC1=CC(OC=2C(=CC=CC=2)C#N)=NC=N1 WFDXOXNFNRHQEC-GHRIWEEISA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- PVTHJAPFENJVNC-MHRBZPPQSA-N kasugamycin Chemical compound N[C@H]1C[C@H](NC(=N)C(O)=O)[C@@H](C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O PVTHJAPFENJVNC-MHRBZPPQSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005760 Difenoconazole Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 calcium oligosaccharide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- BQYJATMQXGBDHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N difenoconazole Chemical compound O1C(C)COC1(C=1C(=CC(OC=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)=CC=1)Cl)CN1N=CN=C1 BQYJATMQXGBDHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- BCYMZMFCJMHEBD-JHZYRPMRSA-L copper;(1r,4ar,4br,10ar)-1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [Cu+2].C([C@@H]12)CC(C(C)C)=CC1=CC[C@@H]1[C@]2(C)CCC[C@@]1(C)C([O-])=O.C([C@@H]12)CC(C(C)C)=CC1=CC[C@@H]1[C@]2(C)CCC[C@@]1(C)C([O-])=O BCYMZMFCJMHEBD-JHZYRPMRSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019794 sodium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 30
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 206010027146 Melanoderma Diseases 0.000 abstract description 6
- OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;silicon Chemical compound [Ca]=[Si] OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
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- 235000002725 Olea europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 9
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- ZMYFCFLJBGAQRS-IRXDYDNUSA-N (2R,3S)-epoxiconazole Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1[C@@]1(CN2N=CN=C2)[C@H](C=2C(=CC=CC=2)Cl)O1 ZMYFCFLJBGAQRS-IRXDYDNUSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PXMNMQRDXWABCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1CC(O)(C(C)(C)C)CCC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 PXMNMQRDXWABCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000005767 Epoxiconazole Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000207836 Olea <angiosperm> Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000005839 Tebuconazole Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 5
- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 5
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 208000017520 skin disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010017533 Fungal infection Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241001466030 Psylloidea Species 0.000 description 3
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000021310 complex sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005078 fruit development Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010006956 Calcium deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101100117236 Drosophila melanogaster speck gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/54—1,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing olive scab. In the invention, the real cause of the olive scab is disclosed for the first time, and the problem that the black spot of olive fruits cannot be overcome in the prior art is solved. According to the method for preventing the scab of the olive, the soil of an olive garden is conditioned and improved by combining with the application of the calcium-silicon fertilizer, the fruit cracking and the scab of the olive are prevented by a series of means of flushing a calcium-containing water-soluble fertilizer before the blooming of the olive, rapidly supplementing the calcium fertilizer to the leaf surface of the fruit for multiple times in the development period, spraying a sterilization agent in time after rain and the like, the scab is effectively inhibited, the incidence rate of the scab is sharply reduced from the conventional 52-85% to 2%, and the appearance of the olive fruit are remarkably improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plant disease control, and particularly relates to a method for preventing olive scab.
Background
The olive scab is a new fruit disease discovered in olive planting and producing areas in recent years. The main characteristic of the olive scab is that the fruit surface produces black spots when the olive is harvested at maturity, so the disease is called scab. The olive scab seriously affects the appearance and the appearance of fruits, causes difficult sales, particularly brings great influence on the price of some relatively rare fresh-eating olive varieties (such as burred olives and green-peel olives), and is very unfavorable for the sustainable development of the olive industry.
In the related technology, relevant reports of the olive scab and the prevention technology thereof are not found, and in the actual production, fruit growers mistakenly think that the black spots on the surfaces of the olives are the medicine injuries caused by improper pesticide spraying, namely, the fruit surfaces are injured by using pesticides such as missible oil, organic phosphorus and the like in the young fruit period or the olive fruits are injured by spraying the pesticides in the improper periods such as strong sunshine at high temperature at noon, so that the fruit growers can prevent the olive scab by paying attention to the spraying details in the spraying process, but still cannot prevent the frequent occurrence of the olive scab. Thus, there is currently no effective method for preventing olive scab.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art described above. Therefore, the method for preventing the olive scab has the advantages that the soil of an olive garden is conditioned and improved by additionally applying the calcium-silicon fertilizer, the calcium-containing water-soluble fertilizer is applied before the blooming of the olive, the calcium fertilizer is rapidly supplemented to the leaf surfaces of the olive in the fruit development period for multiple times, the sterilization agent is sprayed in time after rain, and the like, so that the generation of the olive scab is effectively controlled, the harm of the olive scab to the olive planting is reduced, and the stable development of the olive planting industry is ensured.
In a first aspect of the invention, a method of preventing black star disease in olives is provided.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) pruning old roots of fruit trees from 11 months to 1 month in the previous year, and applying a soil conditioner;
(2) after picking fruits, trimming tree crowns;
(3) spraying a copper abietate emulsion in water or a combination of benziothiazolinone emulsion in water and triazole pesticide to kill germs;
(4) supplementing calcium to fruit trees before blooming in spring tip period;
(5) calcium is supplemented in the late fruiting and development stage of the Xihua;
(6) in the fruit swelling period of 7-11 months in the next year, the azoxystrobin and the kasugamycin are sprayed within 2 hours after rain.
In the related technology, a miszone that black spots on the surface of an olive are considered to be drug damages caused by improper pesticide spraying exists all the time, but on the basis of finding different symptoms of fruit drug damages and scab caused by olive production operation, the invention clearly shows that cracks of olive fruits (especially cracks after high-temperature drought and sudden rain) are the main causes of the generation of the scab of the olive fruits, and finds that the physiological mechanism of the crack generation of the olive fruits and the essence of the scab caused by fungus infection after the rain result rapidly appears cracks, thereby conditioning and improving the soil of the olive garden by combining with the application of the calcium-silicon fertilizer, preventing the fruit cracking and the scab from occurring by applying a series of means such as the calcium-containing water soluble fertilizer to the leaves of the olive fruits before the blooming and rapidly supplementing the calcium fertilizer to the leaves of the fruit development period for many times and spraying the bactericidal agent in time after rain, and improving the appearance of the olive fruits.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, in some embodiments of the present invention, the soil conditioner in step (1) comprises: at least one of quicklime, potassium silicate, sodium silicate, straw and organic fertilizer.
In some embodiments of the invention, the soil conditioner in step (1) comprises: at least four of quicklime, potassium silicate, sodium silicate, straws and organic fertilizer.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the soil conditioner in step (1) is: quicklime, potassium silicate, straws and organic fertilizer.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the organic fertilizer is a farmyard manure or a green manure.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the soil conditioner in step (1) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: quick lime: potassium silicate or sodium silicate: straw: 60-120% of organic fertilizer: 6-10: 400-600: 900 to 1100.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the soil conditioner in step (1) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: quick lime: potassium silicate or sodium silicate: straw: 60-120% of organic fertilizer: 6-10: 500: 1000.
according to a first aspect of the invention, in some embodiments of the invention, the fruit harvest in step (2) is specifically 11-12 months after the last year.
In some embodiments of the invention, the pruning the crown comprises thinning the dense branches and completely removing the insect-infected branches, the dead branches and the fallen leaves.
According to the first aspect of the present invention, in some embodiments of the present invention, the aqueous emulsion of copper rosinate in step (3) is an aqueous dilution of an aqueous 18-22% aqueous emulsion of copper rosinate of 800-1200 times.
In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the mixing volume ratio of the benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion to the triazole pesticide in the step (3) is 1-2: 1.
in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mixing volume ratio of the benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion to the triazole pesticide in step (3) is 1: 1.
in some preferred embodiments of the invention, the benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion is a 600-800 times water dilution of 1.2-1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the triazole pesticide comprises tebuconazole and epoxiconazole.
According to a first aspect of the invention, in some embodiments of the invention, the calcium supplement in step (4) is: and (3) applying calcium-containing water-soluble fertilizer in the dripping line of the crown by water, and applying calcium oligosaccharide, difenoconazole and fluid boron to the leaf surface.
In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the calcium-containing water-soluble fertilizer is 0.1% -0.3% of calcium nitrate or calcium chloride, and the calcium-containing water-soluble fertilizer is applied in an amount of 8-12 kg.
In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the calcium containing water soluble fertilizer is applied in an amount of 10 kg.
In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the volume ratio of calcium oligosaccharide, difenoconazole and fluid boron is 5-6: 1: 1.
in some preferred embodiments of the invention, the ratio by volume of calcium oligosaccharide, difenoconazole and fluid boron is 6: 1: 1.
in some preferred embodiments of the invention, the number of foliar applications of the calcium oligosaccharide, difenoconazole and fluid boron is 2.
According to a first aspect of the invention, in some embodiments of the invention, the calcium supplement is: spraying sugar alcohol calcium on leaf surfaces.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the volume ratio of the azoxystrobin to the kasugamycin in the step (6) is 1-2: 1.
in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the volume ratio of azoxystrobin and kasugamycin in step (6) is 1: 1.
in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the azoxystrobin is 25-35% azoxystrobin 800-1200 fold water dilution.
In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the kasugamycin is a 300-400 fold aqueous dilution of 3-4% kasugamycin.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the method for preventing olive scab comprises the following specific steps:
(1) soil conditioning and improving:
deep ploughing is carried out for improving soil in 11 months in the previous year to 1 month in the next year, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the fine roots of the aged olive trees are cut off to promote the mass growth of new roots with strong absorption function. Two annular ditches with the length of 1 meter, the width of 60 centimeters and the depth of about 60 centimeters are dug at the inner side of the dripping line of the olive tree crown. Meanwhile, quicklime (the using amount is 60 kg/mu), potassium silicate (or sodium silicate can be used for replacing the same, the using amount is 6 kg/mu), straws, organic fertilizers (farmyard manure or green manure) and soil are fully stirred uniformly (the mass ratio of the components is about 60-120: 6-10: 500: 1000), and the mixture is applied to the fruit tree soil together, so that the soil fertility and the soil structure are improved, the tree vigor is enhanced, and the disease resistance is improved.
(2) Reasonably trimming fruit trees:
and (3) pruning the fruit trees after fruit picking in the last year (11-12 months in the last year), thinning out excessive dense branches, thoroughly removing insect-infected branches, dead branches and fallen leaves, and enhancing the ventilation and light permeability of the orchard.
(3) Clearing the garden and sterilizing:
in winter (11-12 months in the last year), 20 percent (effective component content) of copper abietate aqueous emulsion (dilution factor: 1000 times, dilution liquid is water) or 1.5 percent (effective component content) of benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion (dilution factor: 800 times, dilution liquid is water), triazole pesticides such as tebuconazole or epoxiconazole (the mixing volume ratio of the benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion to the triazole pesticides is about 1: 1) is sprayed all over the garden to fully kill pathogenic bacteria in the garden and reduce the infection chance.
(4) Before blooming in the spring tip period (2-3 months in the next year), a water-soluble fertilizer containing calcium (0.1-0.3% of calcium nitrate or calcium chloride) is applied to a tree crown drip line, and 10 kg of the fertilizer is applied to each olive tree. Then, 800 times of diluent of calcium and magnesium oligosaccharides (Ca + Mg ≧ 100g/L, and 200g/L of algal oligosaccharides), 10% (content of effective components) of 1500 times of difenoconazole, and fluid boron (B ≧ 150g/L, and natural complex sugar alcohol ≧ 250g/L) are applied to spray the leaf surface for 2 times. Wherein the calcium oligosaccharide, difenoconazole and fluid boron are applied in a volume ratio of about 6: 1: 1.
(5) and (3) spraying sugar alcohol calcium (Ca is not less than 200g/L, and natural compound sugar alcohol is not less than 200g/L) on the leaf surfaces for multiple times in the actual development period (6-7 months in the next year), wherein 20 g of sugar alcohol calcium can be used per mu each time, 30 kg of water is added for uniform spraying, the spraying is carried out once every 10 days, and the regular spraying is carried out for 4 times.
(6) In the fruit expansion period of 7-11 months in the next year, 30% (v/v) of azoxystrobin 1000-fold water diluent and 4% (effective component content) of kasugamycin 400-fold water diluent are sprayed on fruit trees in time within 2 hours of sunny days after raining every time, so that fungi on the surfaces of the fruits are killed, and invasion infection is prevented. Wherein the volume ratio of the azoxystrobin to the kasugamycin is about 1: 1.
the inventor finds that the method can effectively prevent the occurrence of the black star disease of the olive fruits and improve the appearance and the appearance of the olive fruits by technical measures of conditioning and improving the soil of the olive orchard by additionally applying the calcium-silicon fertilizer, flushing and spraying the calcium-containing water-soluble fertilizer on the leaf surfaces before the olive blooms and preventing and sterilizing, quickly supplementing the calcium fertilizer on the leaf surfaces for multiple times in the fruit development period, spraying the sterilizing agent in time after rain and the like.
Furthermore, the inventor also finds that the main difference between the drug-induced wounds of the olive fruits and the scab is that the scab is a disease caused by fungal infection, the drug-induced wounds are free of fungal infection, the black spots of the drug-induced wounds are basically in a form of one piece, and the scab causes punctiform damage. Moreover, another similar disease, olive black skin disease (black skin disease), is also different from scab, the olive black skin disease is caused by the insect pest of olive, namely the star-shaped psyllid, and the excrement secreted by the star-shaped psyllid turns black on the whole fruit caused by being stained on the surface of the fruit, so that the black skin disease can be effectively controlled only by preventing and treating the psyllid in production. In practice, the inventor finds that the mechanism of the occurrence of the scab of the olive is complex, and the tree body deficiency (calcium and silicon) and fungal infection are main reasons for the easy occurrence of the scab. In the related technology, olive orchard scab with weak tree vigor is particularly serious because extensive management is mainly adopted for olive production and cultivation, and trimming and balanced fertilization are lacked. Especially, the incidence rate of scab is higher in an olive orchard which lacks of medium trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, silicon and the like in trees caused by partial application of nitrogen fertilizer. Silicon fertilizer is applied to main crops such as rice, wheat and the like at present, but is not used on olive. The inventor finds that the fixation of a phosphate fertilizer in soil can be reduced, phosphorus in the soil can be activated, the absorption of a root system to the phosphorus can be promoted, and the utilization rate of the olive to the phosphate fertilizer can be improved by applying a silicon fertilizer to the olive. Meanwhile, the fertilizer can also strengthen the absorption and utilization of calcium and magnesium, and can well adjust the balance absorption of crops on different nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like. The olive fruits are the fruits with the highest calcium content in 33 common fruits, a large amount of calcium is needed for the growth and development of the olives, calcium is easily combined with anions such as sulfate radicals and carbonate radicals in soil to form water-insoluble salt which cannot be absorbed by root systems, and the calcium absorbed by the root systems can not meet the requirements of the growth and development of the olives. Calcium is transported in plants almost only through xylem, and the movement of calcium in plants is mainly upward due to the pulling force of water transpiration. The olive tree body is tall and tall in arborization, and the phenomena of calcium deficiency of leaves and fruits of the olive tree under extensive management are common. Calcium is a main component of cell walls, increases the toughness of fruit peels, reduces fruit cracking caused by excessive swelling of fruits, strengthens the cell walls by silicon, increases the horny layer, forms a firm protective layer and prevents germs from invading. However, the inventor actually observes that the fruit cracking of the olive fruit is serious, particularly the cracking on the surface of the fruit (mainly in a point shape) caused after the high-temperature drought and the sudden rain, and in further research, the inventor finds that if fungi (fungi generating black spots) are infected after the fruit surface of the olive fruit is cracked, black spots can be generated on the surface of the fruit, so the inventor judges that the cracking on the surface of the olive fruit caused by the lack of elements such as calcium, magnesium and the like of the olive tree is the main reason of the scab infection. There has not been any disclosure of related matter before.
In a second aspect of the invention, there is provided the use of a method according to the first aspect of the invention for the prevention or treatment of olive scab.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention discovers for the first time that the black spots on the surface of the olive are not a misarea of drug injury caused by improper pesticide spraying, but the scab is caused by fungus infection after the rain effect is cracked quickly, solves the problem that the black spots of the olive fruits cannot be effectively inhibited in the prior art, and provides powerful technical support for ensuring the high yield and the excellent yield of the olive fruits.
2. According to the method for preventing the scab of the olive, the soil of an olive garden is conditioned and improved by combining with the application of the calcium-silicon fertilizer, the fruit cracking and the scab of the olive are prevented by a series of means of flushing a calcium-containing water-soluble fertilizer before the blooming of the olive, rapidly supplementing the calcium fertilizer to the leaf surface of the fruit for multiple times in the development period, spraying a sterilization agent in time after rain and the like, the scab is effectively inhibited, the incidence rate of the scab is sharply reduced from 52-85% of the conventional occurrence rate to 2%, and the appearance of the olive fruit is remarkably improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a real picture of healthy olive fruits.
FIG. 2 is a real picture of olive fruits at different stages of scab.
FIG. 3 is a real picture of olive fruit in the control method of comparative example 1.
FIG. 4 is a real picture of olive fruit in the control method of comparative example 1.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a fruit of olive with herb injury.
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a real olive fruit in the control method of example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and technical effects of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The experimental materials and reagents used are, unless otherwise specified, all consumables and reagents which are conventionally available from commercial sources.
In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method for preventing olive scab in the following examples, the test orchards in the following examples were orchards in which olive scab had occurred.
Example 1
The method for preventing the olive scab in the embodiment comprises the following steps of:
(2) soil conditioning and improving:
selecting an orchard with olive scab, and deeply ploughing and improving soil in winter (11 months in the last year to 1 month in the next year), wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fine roots of the aged olive trees are cut off to promote the mass growth of new roots with strong absorption function. Two annular ditches with the length of 1 meter, the width of 60 centimeters and the depth of about 60 centimeters are dug at the inner side of the dripping line of the olive tree crown. Meanwhile, quicklime (the using amount is 60 kg/mu), potassium silicate (or sodium silicate can be used for replacing the same, the using amount is 6 kg/mu), straws, organic fertilizers (farmyard manure or green manure) and soil are fully stirred uniformly (the mass ratio of the components is about 60-120: 6-10: 400-600: 900-1100), and the mixture is applied to the fruit tree soil together, so that the soil fertility and the soil structure are improved, the tree vigor is enhanced, and the disease resistance is increased.
(2) Reasonably trimming fruit trees:
rationally prune the tree form, optimize the crown structure, specifically do: and (3) pruning the fruit trees after fruit picking in the last year (11-12 months in the last year), thinning out excessive dense branches, thoroughly removing insect-infected branches, dead branches and fallen leaves, and enhancing the ventilation and light permeability of the orchard.
(3) Clearing the garden and sterilizing:
in winter (11-12 months in the last year), 20 percent (effective component content) of copper abietate aqueous emulsion (dilution factor: 1000 times, dilution liquid is water) or 1.5 percent (effective component content) of benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion (dilution factor: 800 times, dilution liquid is water), triazole pesticides such as tebuconazole or epoxiconazole (the mixing volume ratio of the benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion to the triazole pesticides is about 1: 1) is sprayed all over the garden to fully kill pathogenic bacteria in the garden and reduce the infection chance.
(4) Before blooming in the spring tip period (2-3 months in the next year), a water-soluble fertilizer containing calcium (0.1-0.3% of calcium nitrate or calcium chloride) is applied to a tree crown drip line, and 10 kg of the fertilizer is applied to each olive tree. And then, 800 times of dilution of calcium and magnesium oligosaccharides (Ca + Mg is equal to or more than 100g/L, and 200g/L of the alga oligosaccharides) and 10% of (content of active ingredients) difenoconazole 1500 times of dilution and fluid boron (B is equal to or more than 150g/L, and equal to or more than 250g/L of natural complex sugar alcohol) are applied to the leaf surface for 2 times of spraying. Wherein the calcium oligosaccharide, difenoconazole and fluid boron are applied in a volume ratio of about 6: 1: 1.
(5) and (3) spraying sugar alcohol calcium (Ca is not less than 200g/L, and natural compound sugar alcohol is not less than 200g/L) on the leaf surfaces for multiple times in the actual development period (6-7 months in the next year), wherein 20 g of sugar alcohol calcium can be used per mu each time, 30 kg of water is added for uniform spraying, the spraying is carried out once every 10 days, and the regular spraying is carried out for 4 times.
(6) In the fruit expansion period of 7-11 months in the next year, 30% (v/v) of azoxystrobin 1000-fold water diluent and 4% (effective component content) of kasugamycin 400-fold water diluent are sprayed on fruit trees in time within 2 hours of sunny days after raining every time, so that fungi on the surfaces of the fruits are killed, and invasion infection is prevented. Wherein the volume ratio of the azoxystrobin to the kasugamycin is about 1: 1.
example 2
The method for preventing the olive scab in the embodiment comprises the following steps of:
(3) soil conditioning and improving:
selecting an orchard with olive scab, and deeply ploughing and improving soil in winter (11 months in the last year to 1 month in the next year), wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fine roots of the aged olive trees are cut off to promote the mass growth of new roots with strong absorption function. Two annular grooves with the length of 1 meter, the width of 60 cm and the depth of about 60 cm are dug on the inner side of the dripping line of the olive tree crown. Meanwhile, quicklime (the using amount is 120 kg/mu), potassium silicate (or sodium silicate can be used for replacing the same, the using amount is 10 kg/mu), straws, organic fertilizers (farmyard manure or green manure) and soil are fully stirred uniformly (the mass ratio of the components is about 60-120: 6-10: 400-600: 900-1100), and the mixture is applied to the fruit tree soil together, so that the soil fertility and the soil structure are improved, the tree vigor is enhanced, and the disease resistance is increased.
(2) Reasonably trimming fruit trees:
rationally prune the tree form, optimize the crown structure, specifically do: and (3) pruning the fruit trees after fruit picking in the last year (11-12 months in the last year), thinning out excessive dense branches, thoroughly removing insect-infected branches, dead branches and fallen leaves, and enhancing the ventilation and light permeability of the orchard.
(3) Clearing the garden and sterilizing:
in winter (11-12 months in the last year), 20 percent (effective component content) of copper abietate aqueous emulsion (dilution factor: 1000 times, water is used as a diluent) or 1.5 percent (effective component content) of benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion (dilution factor: 800 times), tebuconazole or epoxiconazole and other triazole pesticides (the mixing volume ratio of the benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion to the triazole pesticides is about 1: 1) are sprayed all over the garden to fully kill pathogenic bacteria in the garden and reduce the infection chance.
(4) Before blooming in the spring tip period (2-3 months in the next year), a water-soluble fertilizer containing calcium (0.1-0.3% of calcium nitrate or calcium chloride) is applied to a tree crown drip line, and 10 kg of the fertilizer is applied to each olive tree. And then, 1000 times of diluent of calcium and magnesium oligosaccharides (Ca + Mg ≧ 100g/L, and 200g/L of algal oligosaccharides), 10% (content of effective components) of 2000 times of difenoconazole diluent, fluid boron (B ≧ 150g/L, and natural complex sugar alcohol ≧ 250g/L) are applied to the leaf surface for 2 times. Wherein the calcium oligosaccharide, difenoconazole and fluid boron are applied in a volume ratio of about 6: 1: 1.
(5) and (3) spraying sugar alcohol calcium (Ca is not less than 200g/L, and natural compound sugar alcohol is not less than 200g/L) on the leaf surfaces for multiple times in the actual development period (6-7 months in the next year), wherein 20 g of sugar alcohol calcium can be used per mu each time, 30 kg of water is added for uniform spraying, the spraying is carried out once every 15 days, and the regular spraying is carried out for 4 times.
(6) In the fruit expansion period of 7-11 months in the next year, 30% (v/v) of azoxystrobin 1200-fold diluent and 4% (effective component content) of kasugamycin 500-fold diluent (the volume ratio of the azoxystrobin to the kasugamycin is about 1-2: 1) are sprayed on the fruit trees in time within 2 hours of sunny days after raining every time, so that fungi on the surfaces of the fruits are killed, and invasion infection is prevented. Wherein the volume ratio of the azoxystrobin to the kasugamycin is about 1: 1.
comparative example 1
The method for preventing the olive scab in the comparative example is a conventional control and prevention method for the olive diseases, and comprises the following steps:
(1) soil conditioning and improving:
an orchard with olive scab is selected, organic fertilizer (farmyard manure or green manure, which is equal to that in example 1) and soil are fully and uniformly stirred in winter (11 months to 1 month in the last year) and applied to the fruit tree soil.
(2) Reasonably trimming fruit trees:
rationally prune the tree form, optimize the crown structure, specifically do: and (3) pruning the fruit trees after fruit picking in the last year (11-12 months in the last year), thinning out excessive dense branches, thoroughly removing insect-infected branches, dead branches and fallen leaves, and enhancing the ventilation and light permeability of the orchard.
(3) Clearing the garden and sterilizing:
in winter (11-12 months in the last year), 20 percent (effective component content) of copper abietate aqueous emulsion (dilution factor: 1000 times) or 1.5 percent (effective component content) of benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion (dilution factor: 800 times), tebuconazole or epoxiconazole and other triazole pesticides are sprayed all over the garden to fully kill pathogenic bacteria in the garden and reduce the infection chance (the mixing volume ratio of the benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion to the triazole pesticides is about 1: 1).
(4) In the late fruiting and development period (6-7 months in the next year), fruit-protecting pesticide fertilizer (1% monopotassium phosphate) and other pesticides for preventing plant diseases and insect pests are sprayed, and meanwhile, the spraying position and time are kept to mind, so that the pesticide injury is prevented.
(5) In the fruit expansion period of 7-11 months in the next year, 30 percent (effective component content) of azoxystrobin 1200 times diluent and 4 percent (effective component content) of kasugamycin 500 times diluent are sprayed after 2 hours of sunny days after each raining. Wherein the volume ratio of the azoxystrobin to the kasugamycin is about 1: 1.
comparative example 2
The method for preventing the olive scab in the comparative example is a conventional control and prevention method for the olive diseases, and comprises the following steps:
(1) soil conditioning and improving:
an orchard which has a black spot of olive is selected, deep ploughing and fertilizer burying treatment are not carried out in winter (11 months in the last year to 1 month in the next year).
(2) Reasonably trimming fruit trees:
rationally prune the tree form, optimize the crown structure, specifically do: and (3) pruning the fruit trees after fruit picking in the last year (11-12 months in the last year), thinning out excessive dense branches, thoroughly removing insect-infected branches, dead branches and fallen leaves, and enhancing the ventilation and light permeability of the orchard.
(3) Clearing the garden and sterilizing:
in winter (11-12 months in the last year), 20 percent (effective component content) of copper abietate aqueous emulsion (dilution multiple: 1000 times) or 1.5 percent (effective component content) of benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion (dilution multiple: 800 times), tebuconazole or epoxiconazole and other triazole pesticides are sprayed all over the garden to fully kill pathogenic bacteria in the garden and reduce the infection chance. (the mixing volume ratio of the benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion to the triazole pesticide is about 1: 1)
(4) In the late flowering stage (6-7 months in the next year), a fruit-protecting pesticide fertilizer (1% monopotassium phosphate) and a pesticide for preventing plant diseases and insect pests are sprayed, and meanwhile, the spraying position and time are kept to keep track of, so that the pesticide injury is prevented.
(5) In the fruit expansion period of 7-11 months in the next year, 30 percent (effective component content) of azoxystrobin 1200 times diluent and 4 percent (effective component content) of kasugamycin 500 times diluent are sprayed after 2 hours of sunny days after each raining. Wherein the volume ratio of the azoxystrobin to the kasugamycin is about 1: 1.
practical use effect of method for preventing olive scab
The actual control effects in the above example 1 and comparative example 1 were compared, and the results are shown in table 1.
The calculation method of the black spot rate (%) comprises the following steps: the black spot rate (%) is the real number of black spots appearing/total number of fruits × 100%.
TABLE 1 comparison of the black speck rate of the fruit surface after the implementation of different management techniques
From the data in the above table 1, it can be found that the control effect of the olive scab is significantly different in the methods of the above example 1 and the comparative example 1, the black spot phenomenon of the olive fruit is obvious during the middle fruit period and the mature period, especially in the mature period, the large area infection of the fruit tree fruit in the comparative example 1 occurs due to the poor control effect in the early stage, so that the fruit of the whole tree is affected by at most approximately 85%, and the value and the yield of the olive are greatly affected. The method in the embodiment 1 is used for preventing and treating the scab, so that the infection in the medium fruit stage can be effectively avoided, the infection spread in the subsequent mature stage is greatly inhibited, and the incidence rate of the scab is reduced to about 2%. The above results indicate that the control method in example 1 has a significant effect of preventing scab.
Meanwhile, in order to better show the control effect of the methods in the example 1 and the comparative example 1 on the scab, the inventors compared healthy olive fruits, olive fruits at different periods of the scab, olive fruits of the control method in the example 1, olive fruits of the control method in the comparative example 1, and drug-damaged olive fruits by photographing, respectively.
The results are shown in FIGS. 1 to 6.
Fig. 1 shows healthy olive fruits. FIG. 2 shows olive fruits at different stages of scab. The scab can be seen to be marked and its characterization will vary significantly as the extent of infection increases.
FIG. 5 shows the damage of olive fruit by medicine. Comparing fig. 2, it can be found that the actual characterization of the olive fruits with the scab is obviously different from that of the olive fruits with drug injury, the black spots formed by the olive fruits and the scab are not similar, the black spots with the scab are distributed in a dotted manner, while the drug injury presents continuous large-area blocky distribution, and no obvious spot trace exists. Thus, it can be shown that scab is not actually caused by drug injury.
FIGS. 3 to 4 show the olive fruits treated by the control method of comparative example 1, and the comparison of FIG. 2 shows that the olive surface still has black spots characteristic of scab, which indicates that the method of comparative example 1 can not effectively control the scab of the olive.
FIG. 6 shows olive fruits of the control method of example 1, and comparing FIGS. 1 and 2, it can be seen that there is no black spot on the surface of the olive and no difference from the normal olive, which illustrates that the method of example 1 can effectively control the scab of the olive.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preventing olive scab, comprising the steps of:
(1) pruning old roots of fruit trees from 11 months to 1 month in the previous year, and applying a soil conditioner;
(2) after picking fruits, trimming tree crowns;
(3) spraying a copper abietate emulsion in water or a combination of benziothiazolinone emulsion in water and triazole pesticide to kill germs;
(4) supplementing calcium to fruit trees before blooming in spring tip period;
(5) calcium is supplemented in the late fruiting and development stage of the Xihua;
(6) in the fruit swelling period of 7-11 months in the next year, the azoxystrobin and the kasugamycin are sprayed within 2 hours after rain.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the amendment material in step (1) comprises: at least one of quicklime, potassium silicate, sodium silicate, straw and organic fertilizer.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the soil conditioner in the step (1) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: quick lime: potassium silicate or sodium silicate: straw: 60-120% of organic fertilizer: 6-10: 400-600: 900 to 1100.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous emulsion of copper rosinate in step (3) is an aqueous dilution of 800-1200 times of an aqueous 18-22% aqueous emulsion of copper rosinate.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixing volume ratio of the benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion and the triazole pesticide in the step (3) is 1-2: 1; the benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion is 1.2-1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion 600-800 times water dilution.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the calcium supplement in step (4) is: and (3) applying calcium-containing water-soluble fertilizer in the dripping line of the crown by water, and applying calcium oligosaccharide, difenoconazole and fluid boron to the leaf surface.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the volume ratio of calcium oligosaccharide to difenoconazole to fluid boron is 5-6: 1: 1.
8. the method according to claim 1, wherein the calcium supplement in step (5) is: spraying sugar alcohol calcium on leaf surfaces.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the azoxystrobin to the kasugamycin in the step (6) is 1-2: 1; the azoxystrobin is 25-35% of 800-1200 times of water diluent of azoxystrobin; the kasugamycin is a 300-400-time water diluent of 3-4% kasugamycin.
10. Use of the method of any one of claims 1 to 9 for the prevention or treatment of olive scab.
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