CN114787303A - 减振钢板用表面处理组合物及减振钢板 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有改善的减振性能的减振钢板，根据本发明，提供一种包含聚合物树脂和平均纵横比(L/D)为100以上的无机纳米颗粒的减振钢板用表面处理组合物以及用所述组合物进行表面处理的减振钢板。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种减振钢板用表面处理组合物及减振钢板。
背景技术
减振钢板是阻隔外部噪音或振动的钢板，用于冰箱、洗衣机、空气净化器等产生大量噪音的家电产品的外板、作为汽车噪音的主要原因的发动机油盘、仪表板等汽车部件、精密仪器、建筑材料等各种领域。
减振钢板一般分为在两张钢板之间层叠聚合物树脂而制造的约束型减振钢板和在一张钢板上涂覆或层叠聚合物树脂的非约束型减振钢板，并且这种约束型减振钢板和非约束型减振钢板在实现减振性能的方法上存在差异。约束型减振钢板的情况下，通过钢板之间层叠的聚合物树脂的剪切变形(图1的(a))，将外部的噪音或振动能转化为热能，非约束型减振钢板的情况下，通过涂覆在钢板上的聚合物树脂的伸缩变形(图1的(b))，将外部的噪音或振动能转化为热能。
作为与减振钢板相关的现有技术，公知的技术包括使用聚酯树脂(日本专利公开昭51-93770)、聚酰胺树脂(日本专利公开昭56-159160)、乙烯/α-烯烃和交联聚烯烃(日本专利公开昭59-152847)的技术。这些现有技术是利用聚合物树脂的粘弹性效应来实现减振性能。在这种背景下，本发明的发明人尝试改善减振性能，从而完成了本发明。
发明内容
要解决的技术问题
本发明的目的是提供一种可以提高钢板的减振性能的钢板表面处理组合物。
技术方案
根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种减振钢板用表面处理组合物，所述组合物包含聚合物树脂以及平均纵横比(L/D)为100以上的无机纳米颗粒。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种减振钢板，所述减振钢板包括钢板以及在所述钢板的至少一面上的含有所述表面处理组合物的减振层。
有益效果
根据本发明，可以提供一种减振钢板，通过在制造减振钢板时使用具有100以上的平均纵横比(L/D)的无机纳米颗粒，所述减振钢板通过聚合物树脂界面摩擦将外部振动能转化为热能，因此可以阻隔外部振动或噪音。
附图说明
图1是示出现有的减振钢板的阻隔外部振动能的原理的图。图1的(a)是约束型减振钢板，图1的(b)是非约束型减振钢板。
图2是示出向现有的减振钢板施加外力时钢板上产生的振动或裂纹的图。
图3是示出向根据本发明的减振钢板施加外力时无机纳米颗粒在聚合物树脂界面产生摩擦的图。
图4是示出向根据本发明的约束型减振钢板和非约束型减振钢板施加外力时无机纳米颗粒在聚合物树脂界面产生摩擦的图。
图5是示出(a)钢板、(b)现有的减振钢板、(c)根据本发明的减振钢板的减振性能的图。
最佳实施方式
以下，对本发明的优选的实施方案进行说明。然而，本发明的实施方案可以变形为各种其它实施方案，并且本发明的范围并不受限于以下说明的实施方案。
本发明涉及一种包含聚合物树脂和无机纳米颗粒的减振钢板表面处理用组合物。根据本发明，通过利用聚合物树脂的粘弹性效应和具有高纵横比(aspect ratio，L/D)的无机纳米颗粒的界面摩擦(滑动(slip))效应，可以实现钢板的减振性能。
减振钢板分为将成型为膜形式的聚合物树脂层叠在两张钢板之间而制造的约束型减振钢板和将聚合物树脂涂覆或层叠在一张钢板上的非约束型减振钢板。用于减振钢板的聚合物树脂具有粘弹性效应，其通过剪切变形或伸缩变形将振动能转变为热能。这种聚合物树脂可以使用选自乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯树脂、聚乙烯树脂、聚丙烯树脂、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂、聚酯树脂、聚氯乙烯树脂及环氧树脂中的一种以上的树脂。
另外，在制造减振钢板时单独使用所述聚合物颗粒的情况下，向钢板施加振动、噪音等外力时，由于聚合物树脂的脆性(brittle)，减振层发生振动，而且可能会产生裂纹(crack)(图2)。
然而，如图3所示，当使用将聚合物树脂和具有高平均纵横比(L/D)的无机纳米颗粒进行混合的组合物来制造减振钢板时，即使向钢板施加外力，也不会容易产生裂纹。这是因为通过在聚合物树脂中混合无机纳米颗粒，产生硬化(hardening)效果，从而提高聚合物树脂的强度、硬度等机械物理性能。即，根据下式(1)，具有高平均纵横比(L/D)的无机纳米颗粒提高聚合物树脂的软性(soft)区域的强度，并使脆性(brittle)区域更加坚硬，因此可以增强聚合物树脂的机械物理性能。
σc＝σf+Vfθ+α[1-(1/D)/{2(L/D)}]+σm(1-Vf) 式(1)
σc：复合材料(Composite)的机械物理性能
σf：无机纳米颗粒的机械物理性能
σm：聚合物树脂的机械物理性能
Vf：无机纳米颗粒的体积分数
θ：无机纳米颗粒的取向系数
α：无机纳米颗粒的强度因子常数
L/D：平均纵横比
而且，具有高纵横比(L/D)的无机纳米颗粒可以增加与聚合物树脂的接触面积，因此还可以增加与聚合物树脂界面的摩擦力。即，如图4所示，通过在聚合物树脂界面产生的摩擦(滑动)，将外部振动能转变为热能，从而可以实现提高的减振性能。
为了实现如上所述的减振性能，可以使用平均纵横比(L/D)为100以上的无机纳米颗粒，对无机纳米颗粒的种类不作特别限定，但优选可以为选自石墨纳米纤维、碳纳米管、纳米粘土及石墨烯中的一种以上。
本发明的表面处理组合物中，相对于100重量份的聚合物树脂，无机纳米颗粒的含量可以为0.1-20重量份。当无机纳米颗粒的含量低于0.1重量份时，难以表现出本发明想要实现的减振性能，当无机纳米颗粒的含量超过20重量份时，组合物的粘度会增加，可能难以形成减振层。
此外，为了钢板的表面处理，所述组合物可以进一步包含通常使用的添加剂，例如，可以进一步包含润湿剂、消泡剂、交联剂、抗氧化剂等。
接下来，对具有使用所述减振钢板表面处理用组合物形成的减振层的减振钢板进行说明。所述减振层可以通过成型为膜形式后层叠在钢板的至少一面或者将液相的组合物涂覆在钢板的至少一面来形成。此外，所述减振层可以通过成型为膜形式后层叠在钢板和钢板之间或者将液相的组合物涂覆在钢板和钢板之间来形成。
成型为膜形式的减振层的情况下，将聚合物树脂加热至熔点以上而熔化后均匀地混合(熔融共混方法)无机纳米颗粒，然后将混合物成型为膜形式。根据聚合物树脂的熔点，可以适当地调整混合条件，并且膜的厚度优选为25-200μm。在制造成型为膜形式的减振层时，优选的聚合物树脂可以列举乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯树脂、聚乙烯树脂、聚丙烯树脂、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂等。
另外，当聚合物树脂为液相时，将适量的无机纳米颗粒均匀地混合后涂覆为1-200μm的厚度，从而形成减振层。在这种情况下，优选可以使用聚酯树脂、聚氯乙烯树脂、环氧树脂等。
本发明中，对钢板不作特别限定，可以使用冷轧钢板、热轧钢板、镀锌钢板、镀锌合金钢板、不锈钢板、铝板等，通常，金属板的厚度可以为约0.2-1.2mm。
如本发明所示，将聚合物树脂和平均纵横比(L/D)为100以上的无机纳米颗粒用于减振钢板时，通过聚合物树脂的粘弹性和无机纳米颗粒的摩擦(滑动)将振动能转变为热能，从而可以确保减振性能(图4)。
具体实施方式
实施例
以下，对本发明的实施例进行详细说明。下述实施例仅仅是用于理解本发明，并不是用于限定本发明。
1.用于形成减振层的涂覆液及膜的制造
(1)实施例1
在100g的聚酯树脂中加入10g的纳米粘土(平均纵横比(L/D)为100且用三甲基十八烷基铵(Trimethyl stearyl ammonium)进行表面改性)(奥德里奇(Aldrich)公司)，然后在高速搅拌机中以3000rpm的速度均匀地分散，制得涂覆液。使用制得的所述涂覆液形成厚度为100μm的膜。
(2)实施例2
在100g的聚酯树脂中加入1g的平均纵横比(L/D)为500的碳纳米管，然后在高速搅拌机中以3000rpm的速度均匀地分散，制得涂覆液。使用制得的所述涂覆液形成厚度为100μm的膜。
(3)比较例1
使用聚酯树脂形成厚度为100μm的膜。
(4)比较例2
在100g的聚酯树脂中加入10g的平均纵横比(L/D)为1的炭黑，然后在高速搅拌机中以3000rpm的速度均匀地分散，制得涂覆液。使用制得的所述涂覆液形成厚度为100μm的膜。
2.减振性能的评价
对于实施例和比较例中制造的膜，利用动态机械分析仪(Dynamic mechanicalanalyzer，DMA)，在常温下以10hz的频率测量每0.1％的应变的损耗模量(Loss Modulus)。
[表1]
如实施例1和实施例2所示，可知使用平均纵横比为100以上的无机纳米颗粒制造的膜的情况下，根据应变率的损耗模量值大，并且随着应变率增加，损耗模量值也急剧增加。这意味着即使向膜施加外力，由于聚合物树脂的粘弹性特性和在聚合物树脂界面发生的摩擦，振动能转变为热能。即，由所述损耗模量的测量结果可知，根据本发明的包含聚合物树脂和平均纵横比为100以上的无机纳米颗粒的涂覆液组合物可以用于制造减振性能优异的减振钢板。
Claims (5)
1.一种减振钢板用表面处理组合物，其包含聚合物树脂以及平均纵横比L/D为100以上的无机纳米颗粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的减振钢板用表面处理组合物，其特征在于，所述聚合物树脂是选自乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯树脂、聚乙烯树脂、聚丙烯树脂、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂、聚酯树脂、聚氯乙烯树脂及环氧树脂中的一种以上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的减振钢板用表面处理组合物，其特征在于，所述无机纳米颗粒是选自石墨纳米纤维、碳纳米管、纳米粘土及石墨烯中的一种以上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的减振钢板用表面处理组合物，其特征在于，以100重量份的聚合物树脂为基准，所述无机纳米颗粒的含量为0.1-20重量份。
5.一种减振钢板，其包括钢板以及在所述钢板的至少一面上的含有权利要求1至4中任一项所述的组合物的减振层。
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