CN114766218A

CN114766218A - Layering breeding device and asexual breeding method of fraxinus mandshurica

Info

Publication number: CN114766218A
Application number: CN202210304209.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 颜廷武; 王睿照; 毛沂新; 魏文俊; 张慧东; 云丽丽; 刘红民; 冯健; 朱健; 高宇; 卜鹏图; 王雷
Original assignee: LIAONING FORESTRY SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Current assignee: LIAONING FORESTRY SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Priority date: 2022-03-25
Filing date: 2022-03-25
Publication date: 2022-07-22

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a layering breeding device and a method for asexual breeding of fraxinus mandshurica. According to the layering breeding device, the ground anchor (2) in the layering breeding device is inserted into the ground surface, the plant layering is fixed by the lower pressing rod (1), and then the plant is bent and fixed upwards by the upper laying rod (3), so that layering breeding of the plant can be realized, and layering seedling production of the plant is facilitated. The layering propagation device is utilized to carry out layering on the sprout tiller of the fraxinus mandshurica stock plant, thereby facilitating the layering seedling raising production of the fraxinus mandshurica, not only being capable of inheriting the excellent properties of the stock plant, but also being capable of improving the growth vigor of the fraxinus mandshurica seedling, reducing the seedling raising cost, being capable of being widely applied to the production of the fraxinus mandshurica and increasing the economic benefit.

Description

Layering breeding device and ashtree asexual breeding method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a layering breeding device and a method for asexual breeding of fraxinus mandshurica.

Background

Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr is one of three hard broad-leaved trees in northeast, is strong in adaptability, good in quality, wide in application and high in economic value, and is a kind of excellent precious broad-leaved tree species. However, the tree species are still very poor in resources, and the resources are exhausted due to long-term unreasonable transition harvest utilization. Fraxinus mandshurica has been classified as a progressive crisis.

The fraxinus mandshurica is mainly bred by seeds, and can also be bred by cutting propagation, sprout tiller renewal or tissue culture. However, fraxinus mandshurica is one of tree species showing a remarkably slow germination, and if mature dry seeds are sown, it takes about 2 years to germinate. Meanwhile, seed propagation has the defects of being influenced by the fruit bearing years and the like; the updating of the sprout is limited by the existence, quantity, felling season and other factors of the shoot root; the cutting propagation shows great difference due to different ages of the cutting mother trees, so researchers propagate the fraxinus mandshurica from research. In the prior art, the incomplete cotyledons and hypocotyls of the ashtree petioles, immature embryos and mature embryos are directly used as explants to carry out callus induction to obtain callus, and somatic embryos are obtained by the callus induction. Therefore, the propagation of fraxinus mandshurica plants and the practical application of fraxinus mandshurica plants are hindered by the problems, and a novel method for propagating fraxinus mandshurica is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a layering breeding device and a fraxinus mandshurica asexual breeding method, which improve the growth vigor of fraxinus mandshurica, ensure the excellent characteristics of genetic provenance and reduce the seedling cost.

The invention provides a layering breeding device which comprises a belt-shaped body provided with a functional area, wherein the functional area comprises a split type lower pressing area and an upper laying area; the lower pressing area comprises a lower pressing rod 1 and a ground anchor 2, and the lower pressing rod 1 is fixedly connected with the ground anchor 2; the lodging region comprises a lodging post 3.

Preferably, the ground anchor 2 comprises barbs 4.

The invention also provides a method for asexual propagation of fraxinus mandshurica, which comprises the following steps: the layering breeding device of the technical scheme is used for layering the sprouts of the fraxinus mandshurica stock plant.

Preferably, the manner of the pressing strip includes: pressing down the base part of the sprout by using a lower pressure rod 1 and an earth anchor 2 and fixing the base part on the ground surface, and bending and fixing the middle upper part of the sprout by using an upper bent rod 3; the pressed part is 10-15 cm above the ground of the sprout.

Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: applying rooting agent to the pressed part of the sprout tiller respectively before and after the layering;

applying a rooting agent after the layering, and then covering the sprouts fixed on the ground surface with a matrix.

Preferably, the rooting agent comprises potassium indolebutyrate or ABT rooting powder.

Preferably, the concentration of the potassium indolebutyrate or ABT rooting powder is 500-2000 ppm.

Preferably, the substrate comprises one or more of sandy loam, river sand, sawdust, perlite and turfy soil.

Preferably, the shoot promoting device further comprises a shoot promoting device before the layering.

Preferably, the row spacing of the fraxinus mandshurica mother plant is 2 m-3 m, and the plant spacing is 0.3 m-1 m.

The invention provides a layering breeding device, wherein a ground anchor 2 in the layering breeding device is inserted into the ground surface, a plant layering is fixed by a pressing rod 1 and then bent upwards, and the pressing rod 3 is used for fixing, so that layering breeding of the plant can be realized, and layering seedling production of the plant is facilitated.

The layering propagation device is utilized to carry out layering on the sprout tiller of the fraxinus mandshurica stock plant, thereby facilitating the layering seedling raising production of the fraxinus mandshurica, not only being capable of inheriting the excellent properties of the stock plant, but also being capable of improving the growth vigor of the fraxinus mandshurica seedling, reducing the seedling raising cost, being capable of being widely applied to the production of the fraxinus mandshurica and increasing the economic benefit. In the embodiment of the invention, the layering propagation device is used for layering propagation of fraxinus mandshurica, the rooting rate reaches more than 78%, layering seedlings grow vigorously, and the grown forestation seedlings can grow in one year.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a layering breeding device;

FIG. 2 is a top view of a layering breeding device;

FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of the ground anchor 2 of the layering breeding device;

in fig. 1-3, 1 is a pressing rod, 2 is an earth anchor, 3 is an upper-lying rod, 4 is an agnail, a is a hook, and b is a top view of the earth anchor;

FIG. 4 shows a Fraxinus mandshurica before a transverse overflow tie, wherein 5 is a germinated branch bent and germinated branch for layering, 6 is a root pile, and 7 is the ground surface;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of layering, wherein 8 is the upward bending part of a germinated branch, 9 is the position of a base binding belt, 10 is a layering breeding device, 11 is the ground surface, and 12 is a covering matrix;

FIG. 6 shows the rooting of the layering.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a layering breeding device which comprises a belt-shaped body provided with a functional area, wherein the functional area comprises a split type pressing area and a split type upper-lying area; the lower pressing area comprises a lower pressing rod 1 and a ground anchor 2, and the lower pressing rod 1 is fixedly connected with the ground anchor 2; the lodging region comprises a lodging post 3.

The schematic diagram and the top view of the layering breeding device are shown in figures 1-2. The upper laying area comprises an upper laying rod 3; the upper leaning rod 3 is preferably arc-shaped and provided with a hook a, and is connected with the lower pressing area in a split mode through the hook a. The radian of the upper leaning rod 3 is not strictly required, and the radian is determined according to the thickness of branches of plants to be layered and bred. The upper lodging rod 3 is preferably connected with one end of the ground anchor 2 in the lower pressing area in a split mode. The angle of the connecting rod 3 and the ground anchor 2 is not strictly required.

The pressing area comprises a pressing rod 1 and a ground anchor 2. Two ends of the lower pressure rod 1 are fixedly connected with the ground anchor 2, and the lower pressure rod is preferably flat or cylindrical; the lower pressure lever 1 and the ground anchor 2 form a 90-degree angle. The end of the ground anchor 2 inserted into the ground according to the present invention preferably includes a barb 4, and a partially enlarged view of the ground anchor 2 is shown in fig. 3. The distance between the connecting point of the lower pressure rod 1 and the ground anchor 2 and the connecting point of the upper pressure rod 3 and the ground anchor 2 is preferably 5-10 cm.

The invention has no strict requirement on the material of the layering breeding device, and the layering breeding device is preferably made of iron or plastic. In the actual cultivation process, one end of the ground anchor 2 with the barb 4 of the layering breeding device is inserted into the ground surface, the plant layering is fixed by the lower pressure rod 1, the rest part of the plant layering is bent upwards at the fixed point and is fixed by the upper laying rod 3, the rest part of the plant layering is in an upright state, layering breeding of plants can be realized, and layering seedling raising production of the plants is facilitated.

The invention provides a method for asexual propagation of fraxinus mandshurica, which comprises the following steps: the layering breeding device of the technical scheme is utilized to carry out layering on the sprout tillers of the fraxinus mandshurica stock plant.

In the present invention, the manner of the bead preferably includes: the base part of the sprout tiller is pressed down and fixed on the ground surface by a lower pressure rod 1 and a ground anchor 2, and the middle upper part of the sprout tiller is bent upwards and fixed by an upper bent rod 3. The sprout fixed on the ground surface part is preferably a part of 10-15 cm, more preferably 12-14 cm, close to the ground surface. The middle-upper part of the sprout is preferably the sprout fixed on other parts except the ground surface. The middle upper part of the sprout tiller is fixed by the lodging rod 3, so that the sprout tiller is in an upright state.

Before layering, the leaf blade of the tiller, which is within 15-20 cm from the ground, is preferably removed, the leaf blade is further preferably 16-18 cm, and a rooting agent is applied to the laminated part before layering. The time interval between the rooting agent application and the bending is preferably less than or equal to 4 h. The rooting agent preferably comprises potassium indolebutyrate or ABT rooting powder; the concentration of the potassium indolebutyrate is preferably 500-2000 ppm, more preferably 800-1500 ppm, and even more preferably 1000 ppm; the concentration of the ABT rooting powder is preferably 500-2000 ppm, more preferably 800-1500 ppm, and even more preferably 1000 ppm. The indole potassium butyrate takes water as a solvent preferably to prepare the indole potassium butyrate with a target concentration; the ABT rooting powder preferably takes 95% alcohol as a solvent to prepare ABT rooting powder with a target concentration. The source of the indole potassium butyrate or ABT rooting powder is not strictly required, and the indole potassium butyrate or ABT rooting powder can be purchased conventionally. The rooting agent is preferably sprayed or coated in a mode of applying the rooting agent, and the rooting agent is uniformly applied to the periphery of the sprout. The time for layering is preferably from mid-6 th month to 7 last month.

According to the invention, the base parts of the sprouts are pressed down and fixed in front of the ground surface, and the base parts of the single sprouts are preferably bound; the bundling material is preferably iron wire or nylon plastic, and is further preferably nylon plastic; the thickness of the iron wire is preferably 1-2 mm; the width of the nylon plastic is preferably 1.5-3 mm, and preferably 10-15 cm. The base of the sprout tiller is preferably 1-2 cm away from the ground. The invention adopts the binding belt for binding, reduces the mechanical damage caused by improper manual operation, and has low death rate of the germinating strips.

After layering, the invention preferably applies the rooting agent again on the pressed part of the sprout tiller. The species, concentration and application mode of the rooting agent are consistent with those in the foregoing, and are not described herein again. The present invention preferably reapplies the rooting agent immediately after layering. When the rooting agent is applied again, the sprouts are fixed on the ground surface, so that the rooting agent is uniformly sprayed on the upper surfaces of the sprouts.

The invention preferably uses the substrate to cover the sprouts fixed on the ground surface after the rooting agent is applied again. The substrate preferably comprises one or more of sandy loam, river sand, sawdust, perlite and turfy soil, and further preferably comprises sandy loam, turfy soil and perlite; the mass ratio of the sandy loam, the turfy soil and the perlite is preferably 1: 1: 1. the thickness of the substrate is preferably 8-15 cm, and more preferably 10-12 cm. The time interval between the rooting agent and the covering matrix is preferably less than or equal to 1 h. The invention can avoid the photolysis of the rooting agent in the air by covering the sprouts fixed on the ground surface with the substrate after applying the rooting agent again.

According to the method, 500-2000 ppm of potassium indolebutyrate or ABT rooting powder is sprayed before and after layering respectively, and covering substrates can promote layering rooting, the rooting rate can reach more than 78%, and the layering seedlings can grow into forest seedlings in a vigorous growth way for one year.

Before layering, the sprout promoting device preferably comprises sprout promoting devices, and the distance between every two adjacent sprout devices is preferably 3 cm. The preferred mode of promoting the sprouting is stumping; the time of stumping is preferably winter or early spring. The sprout tiller is preferably a sprout branch of a fraxinus mandshurica stock plant. The row spacing of the fraxinus mandshurica parent plant is preferably 2 m-3 m; the plant spacing of the fraxinus mandshurica parent strain is preferably 0.3m to 1m, and more preferably 0.5 m to 0.8 m.

The method for promoting germination and sprouting preferably comprises the steps of applying 25-50 kg/mu of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer to the fraxinus mandshurica stock plant in spring one year before layering, and applying 5-10 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer in autumn. The mass percentage content of nitrogen in the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is preferably 20-30%; the phosphate fertilizer is preferably superphosphate. The invention has no strict requirement on the sources of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer, and can be purchased conventionally. The fertilization mode provided by the invention can ensure that the fraxinus mandshurica mother plant germinates next year to generate a sprout.

The asexual propagation method of fraxinus mandshurica provided by the invention not only can inherit the excellent characteristics of the stock plant, but also can improve the growth vigor of fraxinus mandshurica seedlings, so that the fraxinus mandshurica seedlings can grow into forest-making seedlings in one year, the seedling culture time is shortened, the seedling culture cost is reduced, and the asexual propagation method can be widely used for production of fraxinus mandshurica, and the economic benefit is increased.

In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following detailed description of the technical solutions provided by the present invention is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a layering breeding device with a structure as shown in figures 1-4, iron is used as a preparation material, and the layering breeding device is composed of a lower pressing rod 1, an earth anchor 2, an upper leaning rod 3 and barbs 4. Wherein, the lower pressure rod 1, the ground anchor 2 and the barb 4 form a lower pressure area, and the lower pressure rod 1 is fixedly connected with the ground anchor 2; the upper leaning rod 3 and the ground anchor 2 are connected in a split mode through the hook a to form a lower pressing area.

Example 2

The difference from example 1 is that plastic is used as the material.

Example 3

(1) Selecting sandy loam flat land or sloping land with slope less than 15 degrees, land blocks close to water source and smooth drainage, planting the fraxinus mandshurica stock plant according to the row spacing of 2 m-3 m and the plant spacing of 0.3 m-1 m, removing weak and dense germination strips of the fraxinus mandshurica stock plant in 5 th to 6 th every year, and keeping the spacing of the germination branches at 3 cm. Planting the stock plant 11 months in the second year to 3 months in the next year, and leveling the stubble close to the ground surface (specifically as shown in figure 4);

(2) 50 kg/mu of high nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied in spring of 2020;

(3) spraying 0.7 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate and applying 5 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer after 8 months and 20 days in 2020.

(4) Removing leaves of 15-20 cm of the ashtree sprout branches on the ground in 7 months and 1 day 2021, enabling iron wires to transversely overflow from the base parts of the sprout branches by 1-2 cm, spraying 500ppm of a potassium indolebutyrate aqueous solution from the transverse overflow part to a position 10-15 cm above the transverse overflow part, respectively bending 50 sprout branches to the ground surface, enabling the base parts to be 10-15 cm close to the ground, fixing the sprout branches 10-15 cm away from the base parts by using the layering breeding device in the

embodiment

1 or 2, and bending the upper parts upwards to fix the sprout branches (specifically shown in figure 5);

(5) spraying 500ppm indoxyl potassium butyrate aqueous solution for 1 time at the position of the germinating branch close to the ground;

(6) the sandy loam, turfy soil and perlite are mixed in equal proportion to serve as a matrix, the matrix is immediately covered after the rooting liquid is sprayed, and the thickness of the matrix is 10 cm.

Examples 4 to 8

Breeding fraxinus mandshurica according to the mode of the embodiment 3, wherein the type of the rooting agent in the embodiments 4-5 is the same as that in the embodiment 3, and the concentration is different; the types of rooting agents of examples 6 to 8 are different from those of example 3, and are specifically listed in Table 1.

TABLE 1 kinds and concentrations of rooting agents of examples 3 to 8

Comparative examples 1 to 5

The fraxinus mandshurica is bred according to the mode of the embodiment 3, wherein the rooting agent types of the embodiment 1-2 are the same as the embodiment 3, and the concentrations are different; the rooting agent types of comparative examples 3-4 are different from those of example 3; comparative example 5 the same volume of clear water as the aqueous solution of potassium indolebutyrate of example 3 was applied and the type and concentration of rooting agents of comparative examples 1-4 are specified in table 2.

TABLE 2 comparative examples 1 to 4 species and concentrations of rooting agents

Species of rooting agent	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Comparative example 3	Comparative example 4
					Aqueous solution of Potassium indolebutyrate (ppm)	200	5000	/	/
ATB rooting powder ethanol solution (ppm)	/	/	200	5000

Test example 1

The average rooting rate, average rooting number, average longest root length and average plant height of the germination branches of the salix purpurea are investigated in different treatment modes in 11/1/2021, the experimental results are shown in the following table 3, and the rooting conditions of the germination branches of part of the salix purpurea are shown in fig. 6:

TABLE 3 growth of the germinated branches of Salix purpurea (L.) Nitsche by different treatments

As can be seen from the table 3 and the figure 6, the asexual propagation mode of fraxinus mandshurica recorded in the invention has vigorous layering seedling growth, developed lateral roots and high layering rooting rate which is more than 40 percent.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and all of the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The layering breeding device is characterized by comprising a belt-shaped body provided with a functional area, wherein the functional area comprises a split type pressing area and a split type upper-lying area; the lower pressing area comprises a lower pressing rod (1) and a ground anchor (2), and the lower pressing rod (1) is fixedly connected with the ground anchor (2); the upper-lying area comprises an upper-lying rod (3).

2. The layering breeding device of claim 1, wherein the ground anchor (2) comprises barbs (4).

3. A method for asexual propagation of fraxinus mandshurica is characterized by comprising the following steps: the layering breeding device of claim 1 or 2 is used for layering the sprout of the fraxinus mandshurica stock plant.

4. The asexual reproduction method according to claim 3, wherein the layering method comprises: pressing down the base part of the sprout by using a lower pressure rod (1) and a ground anchor (2) and fixing the base part on the ground surface, and bending and fixing the middle upper part of the sprout upwards by using an upper bent rod (3); the pressed part is 10-15 cm above the ground of the sprout.

5. The asexual propagation method according to claim 4, further comprising: applying rooting agent to the pressed part of the sprout tiller respectively before and after the layering;

applying rooting agent after layering, and then covering the sprouts fixed on the ground surface with matrix.

6. The asexual propagation method according to claim 5, wherein the rooting agent comprises potassium indolebutyrate or ABT rooting powder.

7. The asexual propagation method according to claim 6, wherein the concentration of the potassium indolebutyrate or ABT rooting powder is 500-2000 ppm.

8. The asexual propagation method according to claim 5, wherein the substrate comprises one or more of sandy loam, river sand, sawdust, perlite and turfy soil.

9. The asexual propagation method according to claim 3, further comprising sprouting before the layering.

10. The asexual propagation method according to claim 3, wherein the fraxinus mandshurica mother plant has a row spacing of 2m to 3m and a plant spacing of 0.3m to 1 m.