CN114747409B

CN114747409B - Method for preventing and treating anthracnose of Chinese yam

Info

Publication number: CN114747409B
Application number: CN202210459015.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄哲鸿; 陈仕朋; 华树妹; 陈芝华; 李丽红; 李清; 邓才生; 叶榕第
Original assignee: SANMING ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Current assignee: SANMING ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Priority date: 2022-04-28
Filing date: 2022-04-28
Publication date: 2023-07-18
Anticipated expiration: 2042-04-28
Also published as: CN114747409A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preventing and controlling yam anthracnose, which comprises the following steps: and I, preparing an ethephon solution. The concentration of the ethephon solution is 0.45mmol/L-0.55mmol/L. And II, when the Chinese yam seedlings grow to the plant height of 40cm-60cm, performing first spraying. The first spraying is to spray the ethephon solution on the leaves of Chinese yam seedlings. And III, performing second spraying at intervals of one month after the first spraying. The second spraying is to spray the ethephon solution on the leaves of the Chinese yam seedlings. The method for preventing and treating the yam anthracnose has the advantages of high efficiency (low dosage per mu), safety (safety to people, livestock, food and environment) and economy (low dosage cost).

Description

Method for preventing and treating anthracnose of Chinese yam

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of prevention and control of Chinese yam diseases, in particular to a Chinese yam anthracnose prevention and control method.

Background

Dioscorea (Dioscorea) is a collective name of Dioscorea opposita, dioscorea nipponica Makino of Dioscoreaceae, and the planted Dioscorea opposita has good economic benefit, high nutritive value and good industrial prospect. The yam anthracnose is one of the most serious diseases affecting the yam yield, the yam anthracnose mainly infects the yam leaves and the vines at first, and the disease spots are continuously expanded after the occurrence of the disease until the whole plant spreads, and finally the vine dead leaves fall to the death of the whole plant.

At present, common prevention and treatment of yam anthracnose adopts 77% wettable powder or 50% thiram wettable powder and 70% mancozeb wettable powder, and is matched with field cultivation management (clean field, pathogen treatment; crop rotation, continuous cropping and the like) and other prevention and treatment measures; however, long-term use of pesticides causes pathogenic bacteria to generate drug resistance, so that the drug resistance of the pathogenic bacteria is further enhanced by the increase of the drug dosage of growers, and a vicious circle is formed, so that the prevention and treatment efficiency of the yam anthracnose is low, and the environmental and food safety are greatly threatened. However, if the scheme disclosed in the chinese patent is CN104472148A, CN103274845a, the operation is troublesome and the cost of control is high.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling yam anthracnose, which aims to solve the problems.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for preventing and treating yam anthracnose comprises the following steps:

and I, preparing an ethephon solution. The concentration of the ethephon solution is 0.45mmol/L-0.55mmol/L.

And II, when the Chinese yam seedlings grow to the plant height of 40cm-60cm, performing first spraying. The first spraying is to spray the ethephon solution on the leaves of Chinese yam seedlings.

And III, performing second spraying at intervals of one month after the first spraying. The second spraying is to spray the ethephon solution on the leaves of the Chinese yam seedlings.

Further:

the preparation process of the ethephon solution in the step I comprises the steps of preparing the ethephon stock solution into working solution with the concentration of 1mol/L, and uniformly mixing the working solution and water in a spraying device according to the volume of the spraying device in a ratio of 1:2000.

The spraying time in the first spraying and the second spraying is 5-8 a.m. or 15-19 a.m. in the afternoon, and the front and the back of the leaves of the mountain crassostrea seedling in the first spraying and the second spraying are required to be covered by the ethephon solution.

The first spraying in the step II is performed when the yam seedlings grow to a plant height of 50 cm.

The Chinese yam anthracnose prevention and treatment method is applicable to the Chinese yam variety of Ming Huai No. 3.

From the above description of the invention, it is clear that the invention has the following advantages over the prior art:

the ethephon solution has the advantages of simple raw material source, convenient purchase and simple and convenient configuration process. The method for preventing and controlling the yam anthracnose is safe and environment-friendly, low in cost, and simple and convenient to operate in a spraying technology. Compared with the traditional pesticide for preventing and controlling the yam anthracnose, the ethephon solution can effectively improve the resistance of the yam to the anthracnose, inhibit the morbidity of the yam anthracnose, and not hurt beneficial microorganisms, so that the morbidity of the yam field anthracnose of the Minghai 3 variety is lower than 25%, and the yam yield is improved by more than 30%. Furthermore, the ethylene utilization solution has the advantages of low use cost, short half-life and safety.

The method for preventing and treating the yam anthracnose has the advantages of high efficiency (low dosage per mu), safety (safety to people, livestock, food and environment) and economy (low dosage cost).

Specifically, ethephon is a high-quality and high-efficiency plant growth regulator, and has the effects of promoting fruit ripening, stimulating wounded flow, regulating part of plant sex transformation and the like. The ethephon should be sprayed in advance before transportation in the control of anthracnose only in fruits such as mango, strawberry and the like, and the control of anthracnose is realized by essentially relying on the change of fruit characteristics generated when ripening fruits. Therefore, the prevention of the ethephon on the anthracnose of the fruit does not bring a hint to the control of the anthracnose of the fruit in the field of the Chinese yam, and on the contrary, the person skilled in the art is more concerned about the influence of the ripening effect of the ethephon on the quality of the Chinese yam. According to the invention, the ethephon concentration of 0.45-0.55 mmol/L is controlled to be matched with the specific plant height, the two spraying processes are carried out at specific intervals, and the like, so that the ethephon is utilized to release ethylene to regulate the immunity of Chinese yam seedlings, improve the disease resistance of the Chinese yam seedlings and avoid the influence on the quality of Chinese yam.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph comparing yam plants of experimental and control groups.

Detailed Description

Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

and I, preparing an ethephon solution. The concentration of the ethephon solution is 0.45mmol/L-0.55mmol/L, preferably 0.5mmol/L.

The preparation process of the ethephon solution comprises the following steps:

firstly, preparing the ethephon stock solution into a working solution with the concentration of 1 mol/L. The ethephon stock solution can be selected from ethephon solution (effective concentration is 60%) of Guoguang brand ethephon solution. And then the working solution and the water are uniformly mixed in the spraying device according to the volume of the spraying device in a ratio of 1:2000. Such as spray cans, sprinklers, sprayers, etc.

And II, when the seedling of the Chinese yam grows to the plant height of about 50cm, spraying for the first time between 5 and 8 hours in the early morning or between 15 and 19 hours in the afternoon, so as to prevent and treat the anthracnose of the Chinese yam. The first spraying is to spray the ethephon solution on the leaves of Chinese yam seedlings. The spraying time is arbitrarily selected in the above interval according to the need.

And III, performing second spraying at intervals of one month after the first spraying. The second spraying is to spray the ethephon solution on the leaves of the Chinese yam seedlings. The spraying time in the second spraying is the same as that in the first spraying, and the spraying time is arbitrarily selected from 5 to 8 hours in the early morning or 15 to 19 hours in the afternoon.

And IV, performing a control cultivation test on the Chinese yam seedlings in the steps II and III in 8 groups, wherein the 8 groups of Chinese yam seedlings are four Chinese yam varieties of Ming Huai No. 3, an Shaxiao She Shu, liuyu and shan, and each variety consists of two groups (an experimental group and a control group). Four of the above-described experimental groups were subjected to the first spraying and the second spraying according to the above-described procedure, and four of the above-described control groups were subjected to the same spraying of the ethephon solution as the experimental groups, with the same volume of clear water as the control.

The incidence and disease index are investigated by a five-point sampling method in the high incidence period of the yam anthracnose, the yam is harvested in the harvest period to measure the yam yield, and the influence of the ethephon solution spraying on the yam yield is compared. The results of the control cultivation test are as follows:

referring to fig. 1, the Chinese yam plants in the figure are the experimental group and the control group of the Minghai 3 variety, and the leaf of the control group is influenced by anthracnose to be withered and yellow more in proportion and is sparser than the experimental group. As can be seen from the above table, the incidence rate and the disease index of anthracnose of four varieties are reduced after ethephon spraying. Wherein, the incidence rate of the leaves of the Ming Huai No. 3 Chinese yam treated by spraying 0.5mmol/L ethephon solution is 4.4%, the disease index is 25.3, which is lower than other varieties treated by ethephon, which shows that spraying 0.5mmol/L ethephon solution can obviously inhibit occurrence of the disease and reduce the hazard of the disease in the disease period of the anthracnose of the Chinese yam and has obvious disease resistance effect when applied to the Ming Huai No. 3. In the harvesting period, the yields of four varieties treated by ethephon are increased to different degrees, wherein the yield increasing effect of Ming Huai No. 3 is most obvious, and the yield per mu reaches 2193.4 kg.

The foregoing is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any insubstantial modification of the present invention by using the design concept shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and controlling yam anthracnose is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

i, preparing ethephon solution; the concentration of the ethephon solution is 0.45mmol/L-0.55mmol/L;

II, when the Chinese yam seedlings grow to the plant height of 40cm-60cm, performing first spraying; the first spraying is to spray the ethephon solution on the leaves of Chinese yam seedlings;

III, spraying for the second time at intervals of one month after the first spraying; the second spraying is to spray the ethephon solution on the leaves of the Chinese yam seedlings; the spraying time in the first spraying and the second spraying is 5-8 a.m. or 15-19 a.m. in the afternoon, and the front and the back of the leaves of the mountain crassostrea seedling in the first spraying and the second spraying are required to be covered by the ethephon solution.

2. The method for preventing and controlling yam anthracnose as in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preparation process of the ethephon solution in the step I comprises the steps of firstly preparing the ethephon stock solution into working solution with the concentration of 1mol/L, and then uniformly mixing the working solution and water in a spraying device according to the volume of the spraying device in a ratio of 1:2000.

3. The method for preventing and controlling yam anthracnose as in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the first spraying in the step II is performed when the yam seedlings grow to a plant height of 50 cm.

4. The method for preventing and controlling yam anthracnose as in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the Chinese yam anthracnose prevention and treatment method is applicable to the Chinese yam variety of Ming Huai No. 3.