CN114747409A

CN114747409A - Prevention and treatment method for yam anthracnose

Info

Publication number: CN114747409A
Application number: CN202210459015.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄哲鸿; 陈仕朋; 华树妹; 陈芝华; 李丽红; 李清; 邓才生; 叶榕第
Original assignee: SANMING ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Current assignee: SANMING ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Priority date: 2022-04-28
Filing date: 2022-04-28
Publication date: 2022-07-15
Anticipated expiration: 2042-04-28
Also published as: CN114747409B

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preventing and treating yam anthracnose, which comprises the following steps: and I, preparing a ethephon solution. The concentration of the ethephon solution is 0.45mmol/L-0.55 mmol/L. And II, spraying for the first time when the seedlings of the Chinese yam grow to the height of 40cm-60 cm. The first spraying is to spray the ethephon solution on leaves of yam seedlings. And III, spraying for the second time at an interval of one month after the first spraying. The second spraying is to spray the ethephon solution on leaves of yam seedlings. The method for preventing and treating yam anthracnose has the advantages of high efficiency (low dosage per mu), safety (safety to people, livestock, food and environment) and economy (low dosage cost).

Description

Prevention and treatment method for yam anthracnose

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of Chinese yam disease control, in particular to a Chinese yam anthracnose control method.

Background

The yam (Dioscoreaceae) is a general name of dioscorea, dioscorea bulbifera, dioscorea polystachya, dioscorea nipponica and dioscorea nipponica in the peritrophic wing group of dioscorea of the family Dioscoreaceae, and has good economic benefit, high nutritional value and good industrial prospect for planting yam. The yam anthracnose is one of the most serious diseases affecting the yield of the yam, the yam anthracnose mainly infects yam leaves and vines at first, disease spots are expanded continuously after the disease is developed until the whole plant is spread, and finally, the withered leaves of the vines fall to the whole plant to die.

At present, 77 percent of anthracnose of the yam can be killed into wettable powder or 50 percent of thiram wettable powder and 70 percent of mancozeb wettable powder, and the prevention measures such as field cultivation management (cleaning fields, treating pathogens, crop rotation, and the like) are matched; however, long-term use of pesticides causes pathogenic bacteria to generate drug resistance, so that the dosage of the pesticides is increased for farmers, the drug resistance of the pathogenic bacteria is further enhanced, a vicious circle is formed, the prevention and treatment efficiency of yam anthracnose is low, and the environment and food safety are greatly threatened. However, the solutions disclosed in the chinese patent publications CN104472148A and CN103274845A have the problems of troublesome operation and high prevention and treatment cost.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method for preventing and treating yam anthracnose, which aims to solve the problems.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for preventing and treating yam anthracnose comprises the following steps:

and I, preparing a ethephon solution. The concentration of the ethephon solution is 0.45mmol/L-0.55 mmol/L.

And II, spraying for the first time when the seedlings of the Chinese yam grow to the height of 40cm-60 cm. The first spraying is to spray the ethephon solution on leaves of yam seedlings.

And III, spraying for the second time at an interval of one month after the first spraying. The second spraying is to spray the ethephon solution on leaves of the yam seedlings.

Further:

the preparation process of the ethephon solution in the step I is to prepare ethephon stock solution into 1mol/L working solution, and then uniformly mix the working solution and water in a spraying device according to the ratio of 1:2000 according to the capacity of the spraying device.

The spraying time of the first spraying and the second spraying is 5-8 am or 15-19 pm, and the front and the back of the leaves of the seedlings of the Chinese yam in the first spraying and the second spraying need to be covered by the ethephon solution.

And (3) performing the first spraying in the step (II) when the Chinese yam seedlings grow to 50cm in height.

The yam variety suitable for the yam anthracnose prevention and treatment method is Minghuai No. 3.

As can be seen from the above description of the present invention, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

the ethephon solution has the advantages of simple raw material source, convenient purchase and simple preparation process. The method for preventing and treating the yam anthracnose is safe and environment-friendly, low in cost, simple in spraying technology and convenient to operate. Compared with the traditional pesticide for preventing and treating the yam anthracnose, the ethephon solution can effectively improve the resistance of the yam to the anthracnose, inhibit the incidence rate of the yam anthracnose, and do not damage beneficial microorganisms, so that the incidence rate of the yam field anthracnose of Minghuai No. 3 variety is lower than 25%, and the yam yield is improved by more than 30%. Moreover, the ethephon solution has less dosage, not only has the effect of low use cost, but also has short half-life period and is safer.

The method for preventing and treating yam anthracnose has the advantages of high efficiency (low dosage per mu), safety (safety to people, livestock, food and environment) and economy (low dosage cost).

Particularly, ethephon is a high-quality and high-efficiency plant growth regulator and has the effects of promoting fruit ripening, stimulating wound flow, regulating the sex transformation of partial plants and the like. Ethephon is only used for preventing and treating anthracnose when fruits such as mango and strawberry are sprayed in advance before transportation, and essentially, the anthracnose is prevented by means of the change of the fruit characters generated when the fruits are ripened. Therefore, the prevention of fruit anthracnose by ethephon does not bring hint to the prevention and control of the anthracnose of the fruit in the yam field, and on the contrary, the skilled person in the art can be more concerned about the influence of the ripening acceleration effect of the ethephon on the quality of the yam. According to the invention, the ethephon concentration of 0.45mmol/L-0.55mmol/L is controlled and matched with the specific plant height and the specific interval time for spraying twice, and the like, the ethephon is used for releasing ethylene to adjust the immunity of the yam seedlings, so that the disease resistance of the yam seedlings is improved, and the influence on the quality of the yam is avoided.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a comparison of yam plants in experimental and control groups.

Detailed Description

The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.

i, preparing ethephon solution. The concentration of the ethephon solution is 0.45mmol/L-0.55mmol/L, preferably 0.5 mmol/L.

The preparation process of the ethephon solution comprises the following steps:

firstly, preparing the ethephon stock solution into 1mol/L working solution. The ethephon stock solution can be selected from the ethephon stock solution (effective concentration is 60%) under "Guoguang" brand. Then according to the volume of the spraying device, the working solution and the water are uniformly mixed in the spraying device according to the proportion of 1: 2000. Such as a spray can, sprayer, atomizer, and the like.

And II, when the seedlings of the Chinese yam grow to the height of about 50cm, spraying for the first time between 5-8 o 'clock in the morning or 15-19 o' clock in the afternoon, thereby preventing and treating anthracnose of the Chinese yam. The first spraying is to spray the ethephon solution on leaves of yam seedlings. The spraying time can be selected at will in the interval according to the needs.

And III, spraying for the second time at an interval of one month after the first spraying. The second spraying is to spray the ethephon solution on leaves of yam seedlings. The spraying time in the second spraying is the same as that of the first spraying, and the spraying time can be selected randomly between 5-8 am or 15-19 pm.

And IV, performing contrast cultivation tests on the Chinese yam seedlings in the steps II and III in 8 groups, wherein the Chinese yam seedlings in the 8 groups are four Chinese yam varieties of Minghuai No. 3, Ansha lobular potatoes, June potatoes and Chinese yams, and each variety comprises two groups (the experimental group and the contrast group). The four experimental groups are sprayed for the first time and sprayed for the second time according to the steps, and the four control groups are sprayed with equal volume of clear water as controls under the same condition that the experimental groups are sprayed with the ethephon solution.

The incidence and disease index of Chinese yam anthracnose at high incidence are investigated by a five-point sampling method, the Chinese yam is harvested at harvest time to determine the yield of the Chinese yam, and the influence of ethylene solution spraying on the yield of the Chinese yam is compared. The control cultivation test results are as follows:

referring to fig. 1, the yam plants in the figure are experimental groups and control groups of variety "ming huai 3", and it can be seen that the control group has a higher withering and yellowing ratio affected by anthracnose and appears sparser than the experimental groups. As can be seen from the above table, after ethephon is sprayed, the incidence and disease index of anthracnose of the four varieties are reduced. The disease rate of the Minghuai No. 3 Chinese yam leaves sprayed with 0.5mmol/L of ethephon solution is 4.4%, the disease index is 25.3, and the disease index is lower than that of other varieties treated by ethephon, which indicates that the Minghuai No. 3 Chinese yam leaves sprayed with 0.5mmol/L of ethephon solution can obviously inhibit the occurrence of the anthracnose of Chinese yam and reduce the danger of the anthracnose of Chinese yam and has obvious disease resistance effect when being applied to Minghuai No. 3 Chinese yam. In the harvesting period, the yields of the four varieties processed by the ethephon are increased in different degrees, wherein the yield increasing effect of the Minghuai No. 3 variety is most obvious, and the yield per mu reaches 2193.4 kg.

The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any insubstantial modifications made by using the design concept should fall within the scope of infringing the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and treating yam anthracnose is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

preparing ethephon solution; the concentration of the ethephon solution is 0.45mmol/L-0.55 mmol/L;

II, spraying for the first time when the Chinese yam seedlings grow to 40cm-60cm in height; the first spraying is to spray the ethephon solution on leaves of yam seedlings;

III, spraying for the second time at an interval of one month after the first spraying; the second spraying is to spray the ethephon solution on leaves of the yam seedlings.

2. The method for preventing and treating yam anthracnose according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preparation process of the ethephon solution in the step I comprises the steps of preparing ethephon stock solution into 1mol/L working solution, and then uniformly mixing the working solution and water in a spraying device according to the ratio of 1:2000 according to the capacity of the spraying device.

3. The method for preventing and treating yam anthracnose according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the spraying time of the first spraying and the second spraying is 5-8 am or 15-19 pm, and the front and the back of the seedling leaves of the Chinese yam in the first spraying and the second spraying are required to be covered by the ethephon solution.

4. The method for preventing and treating yam anthracnose according to claim 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: and the first spraying in the step II is carried out when the Chinese yam seedlings grow to 50cm in height.

5. The method for preventing and treating yam anthracnose according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the yam variety suitable for the yam anthracnose prevention and treatment method is Minghuai No. 3.