CN114736082A

CN114736082A - Humic soil compost raw material, humic soil, and preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN114736082A
Application number: CN202210556591.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 舒新前; 舒元锋
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2022-05-18
Filing date: 2022-05-18
Publication date: 2022-07-12

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment and resource utilization, and particularly relates to a humus soil compost raw material, humus soil and a preparation method and application thereof. The humic soil compost raw material provided by the invention comprises coal gangue, first organic solid waste and second organic solid waste; the humus soil compost comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-55 parts of coal gangue, 20-35 parts of first organic solid waste and 20-30 parts of second organic solid waste; or the humus soil compost comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20-50 parts of coal gangue, 25-35 parts of first organic solid waste and 20-35 parts of second organic solid waste. The humus soil compost raw material provided by the invention can be used for preparing high-quality humus soil products, can be effectively used for ecological restoration and soil improvement and restoration, and serves the construction of green mines and habitable mine areas.

Description

Humic soil compost raw material, humic soil and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment and resource utilization, and particularly relates to a humus soil compost raw material, humus soil and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

During the development, processing and utilization of coal, a large amount of coal-based solid wastes such as coal gangue, coal slime, coal ash and the like are generated. According to incomplete statistics, currently, more than 50 hundred million tons of coal gangue are stockpiled in mining areas in China, more than 1700 coal gangue piles are formed, and soil is occupied by the coal gangue pilesGround exceeds 20000hm²With the further development of coal, the coal gangue is still about 5-6 multiplied by 10 per year⁸t is increased in number, and the land occupation area is increased by 300-400 hm every year²Causing a great deal of land resource loss and waste. At present, a large amount of coal gangue generated in a mining area mainly burns and generates electricity, produces building materials, recovers, fills a goaf, fills a roadbed and a subsidence land and the like, and the utilization efficiency needs to be improved.

Meanwhile, a large amount of (garden) forest waste, fruit and vegetable waste, agricultural straw, sludge and cultivation organic solid waste are generated in the production and the living of mining areas. The organic solid wastes in the mining area are mostly piled and burned on site except for mixed combustion power generation in a power plant, so that not only is the ecological environment polluted, but also the loss and waste of precious resources are caused.

On the other hand, about 0.2hm is caused per ten thousand tons of coal mined²The land collapse is that the damaged land area is about 0.1hm per ten thousand tons of coal mined in strip mine². In addition, mining disturbance damages cause large-area mining area water accumulation, desertification, salinization and water and soil loss, so that ecological restoration and soil restoration in the mining area are urgently needed, a large amount of humus fertilizers and humus soil are needed to be consumed, and particularly, a large amount of humus-containing soil, namely humus soil, is needed. The commonly used preparation method of the humus soil at present is mainly prepared by mixing garden and partial fruit and vegetable organic solid wastes such as fallen leaves, weeds and the like with soil and sludge and then stacking or composting on site, so that a humus soil product with higher organic matters and higher nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients is difficult to form, normalization and standardization are difficult to achieve due to lack of a standard processing technology and method, and large-scale production, popularization and application of the humus soil are limited.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a humus soil compost raw material, humus soil, and a preparation method and application thereof. The humic soil compost raw material provided by the invention can be used for preparing a humic soil product with higher organic matters and higher nutrient contents such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and can be effectively used for ecological restoration and soil improvement and restoration, green mine and habitability mine construction, contaminated soil restoration and restoration, desertification and salinization soil improvement and restoration, and low-yield land transformation and utilization. Meanwhile, by utilizing the method, the cooperative treatment and efficient resource utilization of the coal gangue and the organic solid waste in the mining area can be realized.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a humus soil compost raw material which comprises coal gangue, first organic solid waste and second organic solid waste, wherein the first organic solid waste comprises one or more of garden waste, fruit and vegetable waste and agricultural straws; the second organic solid waste comprises municipal sludge and/or livestock and poultry manure;

when the ash content of the coal gangue is more than or equal to 75% and less than 80% and the volatile component is more than or equal to 12%, the humus soil compost comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-55 parts of coal gangue, 20-35 parts of first organic solid waste and 20-30 parts of second organic solid waste;

when the ash content of the coal gangue is more than or equal to 80 percent, and the volatile component of the coal gangue is more than or equal to 9.5 percent and less than 12 percent, the humus soil compost comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20-50 parts of coal gangue, 25-35 parts of first organic solid waste and 20-35 parts of second organic solid waste.

Preferably, when the first organic solid waste comprises garden waste, fruit and vegetable waste and agricultural straw, the mass ratio of the garden waste to the fruit and vegetable waste to the agricultural straw is (25-40): (30-50).

Preferably, when the second organic solid waste comprises municipal sludge and livestock and poultry manure, the mass ratio of the municipal sludge to the livestock and poultry manure is (40-65): (35-60).

Preferably, K in the coal gangue₂The mass content of O is more than or equal to 1.05 percent, and the mass content of CaO in the coal gangue is more than or equal to 3.5 percent.

Preferably, the moisture content of the raw material of the humus soil compost is 40-65%;

the content of organic matter is calculated by total organic carbon, and the content of phosphorus is calculated by P₂O₅The content of potassium is calculated as K₂O is measured, the humus soil compost is originalThe mass content of organic matters in the material is 30-60%; the mass content of nitrogen in the humus soil compost raw material is 2.5-7.5%; the mass content of phosphorus in the humus soil compost raw material is 1-4%; the mass content of potassium in the humus soil compost raw material is 1.0-3.5%; the total mass content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the humus soil compost raw material is 4-14%; the mass ratio (C/N) of carbon to nitrogen in the raw materials of the humus soil compost is (25-50) to 1; the mass ratio (C/P) of carbon to phosphorus in the raw materials of the humus soil compost is (70-150) to 1; the mass ratio (N/P) of nitrogen to phosphorus in the humus soil compost raw material is (1.5-5.5): 1.

The invention provides a preparation method of humus soil, which comprises the following steps:

constructing a pile body of the humus soil raw material for aerobic composting to obtain humus soil; the pile body comprises a plurality of unit pile bodies, and the humus soil raw material is the humus soil compost raw material in the technical scheme.

Preferably, the aerobic composting comprises an initial temperature rise stage, a middle constant-temperature reaction stage, a slow temperature reduction stage and a low-temperature decomposition stage which are sequentially carried out; the water content of the humus raw material in the aerobic composting process is 45-65%, the air excess coefficient of the humus raw material in the aerobic composting process is 2.5-9.0, and the reaction temperature is 55-75 ℃ in the middle constant-temperature reaction stage.

Preferably, the unit pile body further comprises a coal gangue base layer, the humus soil raw material is piled on the surface of the coal gangue base layer to form a humus soil raw material layer, and the height of the coal gangue base layer accounts for 1/10-1/6 of the total height of the unit pile body.

The invention provides the humus soil prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme, the moisture content of the humus soil is less than or equal to 15-20%, and the mass ratio (C/N) of carbon to nitrogen in the humus soil is more than or equal to (15-35): 1.

The invention provides application of the humus soil in the technical scheme in ecological restoration and/or soil improvement and restoration.

The invention provides a humus soil compost raw material which comprises coal gangue, first organic solid waste and second organic solid wasteThe first organic solid waste comprises one or more of garden waste, fruit and vegetable waste and agricultural straw; the second organic solid waste comprises municipal sludge and/or livestock and poultry manure; when the ash content of the coal gangue is more than or equal to 75% and less than 80% and the volatile component is more than or equal to 12%, the humus soil compost comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-55 parts of coal gangue, 20-35 parts of first organic solid waste and 20-30 parts of second organic solid waste; when the ash content of the coal gangue is more than or equal to 80 percent, and the volatile component of the coal gangue is more than or equal to 9.5 percent and less than 12 percent, the humus soil compost comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20-50 parts of coal gangue, 25-35 parts of first organic solid waste and 20-35 parts of second organic solid waste. The raw materials of the humus soil compost provided by the invention comprise coal gangue which is used as solid waste generated in the coal development and washing processing processes, is homologous with rocks and soil, contains a large amount of organic matters, has a carbon content of 10-40%, and simultaneously contains clay minerals, quartz and carbonate minerals; from the chemical composition, the coal gangue mainly contains SiO₂、Fe₂O₃、CaO、K₂O、P₂O₅The components are similar to the chemical composition of the soil and can completely return to the soil; in the invention, the coal gangue is used as a framework and a medium regulator of the raw material of the humus soil compost. The raw materials of the humus soil compost provided by the invention comprise first organic solid wastes, wherein the first organic solid wastes comprise one or more of garden wastes, fruit and vegetable wastes and agricultural straws; in the invention, the first organic solid waste provides C, N and organic matter for the humus soil compost raw material; the humus soil compost raw material provided by the invention comprises second organic solid waste, wherein the second organic solid waste comprises municipal sludge and/or livestock and poultry manure; in the invention, the second organic solid waste provides microorganisms for the humus soil compost raw material and also plays a role in adjusting the organic matter composition in the humus soil compost raw material, including the C/N, C/P ratio. According to the invention, the first organic solid waste and the second organic waste are mixed with the coal gangue according to the mass parts to obtain the humus soil compost raw material, and the humus soil compost raw material can be prepared after composting treatmentThe humus soil product with higher organic matters and higher nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient contents can effectively utilize solid wastes and coal gangue as resources, can be effectively used for ecological restoration and soil improvement and restoration, serves green mines and constructions of habitable mine areas, serves to restore and restore polluted soil and improve and restore desertification and salinization soil, and can be used for transformation and utilization of low-yield land.

The invention provides a preparation method of humus soil, which comprises the following steps: constructing a pile body of the humus soil raw material for aerobic composting to obtain humus soil; the pile body comprises a plurality of unit pile bodies, and the humus soil raw material is the humus soil compost raw material in the technical scheme. The preparation method provided by the invention adopts the technical scheme to carry out aerobic composting, and in the composting process, organic solid wastes in the raw materials of the humus soil compost and coal in coal gangue are subjected to a biochemical reaction to form humus with higher organic matters and higher nutrient contents.

Further, in the preparation method of the humus soil provided by the invention, the pile body comprises a plurality of unit pile bodies, each unit pile body also comprises a coal gangue base layer, and the humus soil raw material is piled on the surface of the coal gangue base layer to form a humus soil raw material layer; the height of the coal gangue base layer accounts for 1/10-1/6 of the total height of the unit pile body. According to the invention, the composting raw material layer is piled on the surface of the coal gangue substrate to form a composting unit for aerobic composting, so that the standardization of humus soil preparation is effectively realized, and the method can be popularized and applied in a large scale.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation method of humus soil provided by an embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a humus soil compost raw material which comprises coal gangue, first organic solid waste and second organic solid waste, wherein the first organic solid waste comprises one or more of garden waste, fruit and vegetable waste and agricultural straws; the second organic solid waste comprises municipal sludge and/or livestock and poultry manure;

In the present invention, the starting materials are those known to those skilled in the art unless otherwise specified.

The raw material of the humus soil compost provided by the invention comprises coal gangue.

In the invention, K in the coal gangue₂The O content is preferably 1.05% or more, more preferably 1.10% by mass.

In the invention, the mass content of CaO in the coal gangue is preferably not less than 3.5%, and more preferably not less than 3.55%.

In the invention, the ash content of the coal gangue is more than or equal to 75 percent.

In the invention, the volatile content of the coal gangue is more than or equal to 9.5 percent.

In the invention, the grain diameter of the coal gangue is preferably less than or equal to 13mm, and more preferably less than or equal to 12.5 mm.

The coal gangue is preferably pretreated, and in the invention, the pretreatment is preferably crushing and screening.

In the present invention, the disruption is preferably a selective disruption.

In the present invention, the sieve opening of the classifying screen for sieving is preferably 13 mm.

The invention preferably selects undersize products as coal gangue materials in the raw materials of the humus soil compost.

In the invention, the coal gangue is used as a framework and a medium regulator of the humus soil compost raw material.

The raw material of the humic soil compost provided by the invention comprises first organic solid waste, wherein the first organic solid waste comprises one or more of garden waste, fruit and vegetable waste and agricultural straw, and preferably comprises garden waste, fruit and vegetable waste and agricultural straw.

In the present invention, the garden waste is preferably garden waste such as fallen leaves, withered branches and withered flowers generated by natural withering of garden plants, and young branches formed by artificial pruning.

In the present invention, the garden waste is particularly preferably dead branches, fallen leaves, and the like.

In the invention, the fruit and vegetable waste is preferably stem leaves, vine seedlings and roots generated in the vegetable planting and processing process, and easily decomposed pericarp, fruit stones and other waste.

In the present invention, the waste of fruits and vegetables is particularly preferably a vegetable stem leaf.

In the present invention, the agricultural straw is preferably a waste of grasses and vines, such as stems, leaves and roots of crops such as potatoes, peanuts and soybeans.

In the invention, the water content of the garden waste is preferably less than or equal to 50%, and more preferably less than or equal to 45%.

In the invention, the water content of the fruit and vegetable waste is preferably less than or equal to 50 percent, and more preferably less than or equal to 45 percent.

In the invention, the water content of the agricultural straw is preferably less than or equal to 50 percent, and more preferably less than or equal to 45 percent.

In the present invention, the particle size of the garden waste is preferably less than or equal to 13mm, and more preferably less than or equal to 12.5 mm.

In the invention, the particle size of the fruit and vegetable waste is preferably less than or equal to 13mm, and more preferably less than or equal to 12.5 mm.

In the invention, the grain diameter of the agricultural straws is preferably less than or equal to 13mm, and more preferably less than or equal to 12.5 mm.

In the present invention, when the first organic solid waste preferably includes garden waste, fruit and vegetable waste, and agricultural straw; the mass ratio of the garden waste, the fruit and vegetable waste and the agricultural straw is preferably (25-40): 30-50), and more preferably (25-39.5): 30-49.5.

In the invention, garden waste, fruit and vegetable waste and agricultural straw in the organic solid waste provide C, N and organic matters for the humus soil compost raw material.

The humus soil compost raw material provided by the invention comprises second organic solid waste, wherein the second organic solid waste comprises municipal sludge and/or livestock and poultry manure, and preferably comprises the municipal sludge and the livestock and poultry manure.

In the invention, the livestock and poultry manure is preferably common livestock and poultry manure such as chicken manure, pig manure, cattle and sheep manure of farms and farmers.

In the present invention, the livestock manure is preferably chicken manure and pig manure.

In the present invention, the water content of the municipal sludge is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 45% or less.

In the present invention, the water content of the livestock manure is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 45% or less.

In the present invention, the particle size of the municipal sludge is preferably 13mm or less, more preferably 12.5mm or less.

In the present invention, the particle size of the livestock manure is preferably 13mm or less, more preferably 12.5mm or less.

In the present invention, when the second organic solid waste preferably includes municipal sludge and livestock manure; the mass ratio of the municipal sludge to the livestock and poultry manure is preferably (40-65): (35-60), and more preferably (40-64.5): (35-59.5).

In the invention, the municipal sludge and the livestock and poultry manure in the organic solid waste provide microorganisms for the humic soil compost raw material and simultaneously play a role in regulating the composition of organic matters in the humic soil compost raw material, including the C/N, C/P ratio.

In the present invention, the first organic solid waste and the second organic solid waste are preferably pretreated separately, and in the present invention, the pretreatment preferably includes: drying, sorting and crushing are carried out in sequence.

The invention has no special requirements for the specific implementation process of the drying.

In the present invention, the sorting is preferably to remove the plastic-based high polymer in the organic solid waste.

The invention has no special requirements on the specific implementation process of the crushing.

In the present invention, after the crushing, the crushed organic solid waste is preferably sieved, and the mesh size of the sieving classifying screen is preferably 13 mm. The invention preferably selects undersize products as organic solid waste components of the raw materials of the humus soil compost.

In the present invention, the humic soil compost raw material preferably further comprises thermophilic microorganisms.

The thermophilic microorganism and the addition amount thereof are preferably determined according to the variety of the humic soil compost raw material, in particular to the variety and the reaction condition of the microorganism in the livestock and poultry manure, the region where the humic soil compost raw material is located, the season, the variety change of the organic solid waste and other factors.

In the invention, when the ash content of the coal gangue is more than or equal to 75% and less than 80% and the volatile matter is more than or equal to 12%, the raw material of the humus soil compost comprises 30-55 parts of coal gangue by mass, preferably 31.5-54.5 parts of coal gangue.

In the invention, when the ash content of the coal gangue is more than or equal to 75% and less than 80% and the volatile matter is more than or equal to 12%, the humus soil compost raw material comprises 20-35 parts of first organic solid waste, preferably 20.5-34.5 parts by weight of the coal gangue.

In the invention, when the ash content of the coal gangue is more than or equal to 75% and less than 80% and the volatile matter is more than or equal to 12%, the raw material of the humus soil compost comprises 20-30 parts of second organic solid waste by mass of the coal gangue, and preferably 20.5-29.5 parts.

In the invention, when the ash content of the coal gangue is more than or equal to 80 percent and the volatile matter is more than or equal to 9.5 percent and less than 12 percent, the raw material of the humus soil compost comprises 20-50 parts of coal gangue by mass, preferably 20.5-49.5 parts.

In the invention, when the ash content of the coal gangue is more than or equal to 80% and the volatile matter is more than or equal to 9.5% and less than 12%, the humus soil compost raw material comprises 25-35 parts of first organic solid waste, preferably 25.5-34.5 parts by mass of the coal gangue.

In the invention, when the ash content of the coal gangue is more than or equal to 80%, and the volatile matter of the coal gangue is more than or equal to 9.5% and less than 12%, the humic soil compost raw material comprises 20-35 parts of second organic solid waste by mass of the coal gangue, and preferably 20.5-34.5 parts.

In the invention, the moisture content of the humus soil compost raw material is preferably 40-65%, and more preferably 41.5-63.5%.

In the invention, the mass content of the organic matters in the raw materials of the humus soil compost is preferably 30-60%, and more preferably 31.5-58.6% in terms of the mass content of total organic carbon.

In the invention, the mass content of nitrogen in the raw materials of the humus soil compost is preferably 2.5-7.5%, and more preferably 2.75-7.00%.

In the present invention, P is₂O₅In terms of mass, the phosphorus content in the raw materials of the humus soil compost is preferably 1-4%, and more preferably 1.25-3.75%.

In the present invention, with K₂And in terms of O, the mass content of potassium in the raw material of the humic soil compost is 1.0-3.5%, and more preferably 1.25-3.00%.

In the invention, the total mass content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the raw materials of the humic soil compost is 4-14%, and more preferably 4.25-13.50%.

In the invention, the mass ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the raw materials of the humus soil compost is preferably (25-50): 1, and more preferably (25.5-49.5): 1.

In the invention, the mass ratio of carbon to phosphorus in the raw materials of the humus soil compost is preferably (70-150): 1, and more preferably (75-145): 1.

In the invention, the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in the raw materials of the humus soil compost is preferably (1.5-5.5): 1, and more preferably (1.75-5.00): 1.

As an embodiment of the present invention, the number of the cell stack is preferably 1.

As one embodiment of the present invention, the number of the cell stack may be 2 or more in the height direction.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a spray pipe is provided on an outer circumferential surface of the unit stack at an intermediate position of the height of the unit stack.

In the present invention, the spray pipe includes an air pipe and a water pipe.

In the invention, the air pipeline and the water pipeline are respectively used for providing air and water for the composting raw materials of the unit pile body, further providing oxygen and water required by aerobic composting of the composting raw materials, and simultaneously adjusting the reaction temperature and the pH value of the aerobic composting to maintain the proper medium condition required by the aerobic composting reaction.

In the present invention, the spray pipes preferably provide air and water to the composting material of the unit stack in the form of a fine mist spray.

As an embodiment of the present invention, the micro mist spray is preferably performed in a batch manner.

In the invention, the unit pile preferably further comprises a coal gangue base layer, and the humus soil raw material is piled on the surface of the coal gangue base layer to form a humus soil raw material layer. The humus soil raw material is the humus soil compost raw material in the technical scheme.

In the invention, the particle size of the coal gangue in the coal gangue base layer is preferably less than or equal to 13, and more preferably less than or equal to 12.5 mm.

In the invention, the height of the coal gangue base layer is preferably 1/10-1/6, more preferably 1/8-1/6 in the total height of the unit stack body.

In the present invention, the height of the layer of composting material is preferably 5/6 to 9/10, more preferably 5/6 to 7/8, based on the total height of the unit stack.

In the invention, the coal gangue base layer can be used as an interlayer of the unit pile body at the same time, which is beneficial to the effective implementation of the aerobic composting reaction.

In the invention, when the raw materials are subjected to aerobic composting, organic solid wastes and coal gangue in the composting raw materials are subjected to a microbial chemical reaction to form humus soil with higher organic matters and higher nutrient components, and the humus soil can be effectively used for ecological restoration and soil improvement and restoration, green mine and habitation mine area construction, contaminated soil restoration and restoration, desertification and salinization soil improvement and restoration and low-yield land transformation and utilization.

In the invention, along with the temperature rise in the aerobic composting process, organic matters and organic solid wastes in the coal gangue can generate complex biochemical reaction under the action of microorganisms, and finally become humus after being decomposed.

In the invention, the aerobic composting preferably comprises an initial temperature rise stage, a middle constant-temperature reaction stage, a slow temperature reduction stage and a low-temperature decomposition stage which are sequentially carried out.

According to the aerobic composting reaction process, the aerobic composting reaction process is regulated and controlled according to the temperature and is set to be a heat generation and temperature rise stage (A stage) at the initial stage, a constant temperature reaction stage (B stage) at the middle stage, a slow temperature reduction stage (C stage) and a decomposition stage (D stage) at the later stage.

In the heat generation and temperature rise stage of the aerobic composting process, as part of organic solid waste is subjected to biological oxidation reaction under the action of microorganisms to release heat, the temperature of a humus raw material pile body is gradually increased from room temperature to 55-60 ℃ and is continued for 1/4-1/3 time period of the whole composting period; continuously heating to 70-75 ℃, and allowing the compost to enter a constant-temperature reaction stage, wherein the constant-temperature reaction stage lasts for 1/4-1/3 time periods of the whole composting period; gradually ending the heat generation process along with the fact that most organic matters in the raw materials are subjected to oxidation reaction and enter tail sound, and enabling the composting process to enter a slow cooling stage which lasts for 1/4-1/3 of the whole composting period; and then the temperature of the compost is continuously reduced until the temperature is gradually close to the room temperature, the later decomposition stage is carried out, and the later decomposition stage lasts for 1/8-1/4 periods of the whole composting period. The invention adjusts the temperature parameters of the composting process according to the temperature change stage, and the composting body completes a complete aerobic composting process.

In the invention, when the humus raw material pile finally turns into uniform brown to brown in whole, presents a loose granular structure and releases humus odor, sampling and checking are carried out, carbon and nitrogen in the pile are measured, and the mass ratio of carbon to nitrogen is calculated and recorded as S_C/NThe mass ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the raw materials of the humus soil compost is recorded as I_C/NWhen T is equal to S_C/N/I_C/NWhen the content is less than or equal to 0.65, the aerobic composting reaction is finished, and a qualified humus product is formed.

In the invention, the temperature of the humus raw material is preferably selected to be 55-75 ℃ during aerobic composting.

In the invention, the temperature of the humus raw material in the middle constant-temperature reaction stage is 70-75 ℃.

In the invention, the time of aerobic composting is preferably 6-10 days.

In the present invention, in the case of aerobic composting, it is preferable to supply air to the humus raw material pile.

As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the supply air is specifically an air supply.

In the present invention, it is preferable that the aerobic composting is carried out in the presence of oxygen by supplying oxygen to the humus raw material pile by air blowing.

As an embodiment of the present invention, the air supply is realized by a fine mist spray by an air supply system disposed at the periphery of the cell stack.

In the invention, when the humus soil is prepared by adopting the raw material for the humus soil compost in the technical scheme, the air is supplied according to the following parameters:

theoretically, 1kg of the humic soil compost raw material according to the technical scheme needs about 0.35-0.55 m per hour³That is to say the theoretical air consumption per unit mass of compost raw material for preparing humus soil by aerobic compostingComprises the following steps: t is a unit of_a＝0.35～0.55m³Kg. h. In the actual aerobic composting process, the actual air supply amount (P) is influenced by various factors such as regions, climatic conditions, types of raw materials, composting modes, reaction processes and the like_a) Often greater than the theoretical amount of air. For this reason, the present invention defines an air excess coefficient α, which is a ratio between an actual air supply amount and a theoretical air amount, to effectively define an air supply process and accurately control an air supply amount.

In the present invention, the calculation formula of the air excess coefficient α is represented by formula (1):

in the formula (1), alpha is an excess air coefficient, P_aActual air supply quantity T for aerobic composting process_aIs the theoretical air consumption in the aerobic composting process.

In the invention, the air excess coefficient alpha in the aerobic composting process is preferably 2.5-9.0, and more preferably 2.55-8.55.

In the invention, the air excess coefficient is preferably set to be 2.5-9.0 in the composting process of the unit pile body, so that sufficient air supply is ensured in the composting process, and excessive air supply is avoided, so that the cost in the composting process is increased, or the medium condition regulation of composting reaction is influenced.

In the present invention, in the actual operation process, the air supply amount is determined according to the oxidation reaction process and the temperature change stage of the composting raw materials in the composting process. Specifically, in the stage of heat generation and temperature rise of the composting raw materials, the air supply amount is gradually increased in a micro-spray mode, so that the oxidation reaction of the organic solid waste is continuously carried out, heat release is started, the temperature of the compost body is gradually increased to 60 ℃, and the composting process in the stage A is completed, wherein the air supply amount in the stage A accounts for 1/5-1/4 of the air supply amount in the whole composting period. Along with the continuous and comprehensive occurrence of the organic solid waste microbial oxidation reaction, the required oxygen amount is increased, the spraying air supply amount needs to be increased steadily, at the moment, the temperature of the compost body continuously rises to 70-75 ℃, the temperature gradually reaches the peak value, the composting reaction enters a stage B, and the air supply amount of the stage approximately accounts for 1/4-1/3 of the air supply amount of the whole composting process. Gradually entering a later stage of the reaction along with the comprehensive occurrence of the microbial oxidation reaction of the organic solid wastes, reducing the reaction heat release, leading the temperature rise of the compost body to tend to stop and start to fall, leading the composting reaction to enter a stage C, and properly reducing the spray air supply, wherein the air supply of the stage is about 1/4-1/3 of the air supply of the whole composting stage. Then, the temperature of the compost is continuously reduced to gradually approach the room temperature by continuing spraying, the color of the compost is changed into brown to brown, and the humus odor is released, which means that the composting reaction enters a decomposition stage (stage D), and the air supply amount of spraying can be properly reduced, wherein the air supply amount of spraying is 1/5-1/4 of the air supply amount in the whole composting period.

In the invention, the water content of the humus raw material in the aerobic composting process is preferably 45-65%.

In the invention, the water content of the composting raw material needs to be kept appropriate in the aerobic composting process, and one can ensure the normal life and activity of microorganisms; secondly, the dissolution of organic matters can be promoted; thirdly, the temperature and the pH value in the composting process can be kept appropriate. According to the raw material types, properties and material proportion difference, the water is supplied to the composting process in a water spray mode. In the invention, in the initial stage of composting, in order to promote the growth and development of microorganisms, the water content of the raw materials can be slightly higher and is kept to 45-65% (water content). Along with the microbial oxidation reaction of the raw materials, the compost body is promoted to be oxidized and generate heat, and water can be evaporated to a certain extent, so that uniform-speed micro-spray water replenishing is needed. Along with the stable rising of the temperature of the compost, the water evaporation is intensified, and the water supply amount of the spray needs to be properly increased to maintain the proper water content of the compost. With the further increase of the temperature of the compost, the constant temperature reaction stage is entered, the microbial oxidation reaction is comprehensively generated, the temperature of the compost reaches the peak value, the water evaporation is intensified, and the spraying water supply amount needs to be increased to ensure the stable proceeding of the compost. When the reaction enters the later stage, the temperature of the compost starts to drop, the composting process gradually enters the slow temperature-drop stage, and in order to realize the continuous slow drop of the temperature of the compost, the spraying water supply amount can be properly reduced. When the temperature is further reduced and gradually approaches to the room temperature, the composting process enters a decomposition stage, the composting reaction is finished, and then the spray water supply can be further reduced or even stopped.

In the invention, during aerobic composting, the pH of composting raw materials is kept neutral or slightly alkaline so as to adapt to the growth of microorganisms and the composting reaction. However, as the organic matter undergoes a microbial oxidation reaction, some acidic groups are formed, which leads to the decrease of the pH value of the medium, especially in the heat generation and temperature rise stage and the constant temperature reaction stage, the pH value of the composting process may decrease even to the pH value of 5.0. In this case, the invention is properly adjusted by means of gas supply and water spray to maintain the proper pH value of the composting process and to be suitable for the composting reaction to occur.

The humus soil provided by the invention is loose and granular in texture, has high content of organic matters, N, P, K and other nutrient components, and is suitable for being used as a fertilizer or a soil conditioner for ecological restoration or soil improvement and restoration.

The invention provides application of the humus soil in the technical scheme in ecological restoration and soil improvement and restoration.

In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following embodiments are described in detail, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Firstly, pretreating raw materials: selectively crushing, screening and grading the coal gangue to separate out the coal gangue with the granularity of more than 13mm, wherein the coal gangue is used as a raw material of a sandstone aggregate, and the coal gangue with the grain size of less than or equal to 13mm is selected as a component of a humus compost raw material for later use; the organic solid waste is primarily sorted, dried until the water content is less than or equal to 50%, sorted and removed of plastic high polymers, and then crushed until the size is less than or equal to 13mm for later use.

Coal gangue with ash content (Aad) of 76.00 percent and volatile matter (Vad) of 13.90 percent and organic solid waste are selected as raw materials of the humus soil compost, wherein the content of the coal gangue in the raw materials of the humus soil compost is 40.0 percent by mass percent; the first organic solid waste comprises 9.50% of dead branches and fallen leaves, 10.00% of vegetable stems and leaves and 9.50% of gramineous and vine leaf waste; the municipal sludge accounts for 14.50% and the chicken manure accounts for 16.50% of the second organic solid waste. Some thermophilic microorganisms can be properly added according to the types of compost raw materials, particularly the types and reaction conditions of microorganisms in livestock and poultry manure, and factors such as the change of regions, seasons and organic solid waste types where the compost is located.

The method for aerobic composting by adopting the humus soil compost raw material comprises the following steps: when composting, the C/N (I) of the humus compost raw material is first analyzed_C/N) The ratio was 44.11. And then 5cm of the coal gangue base layer and 25cm of the overlying composting raw material layer are stacked to form a stacking unit, a water spraying pipe and an air spraying pipe are added on two sides, water and air are supplied in a micro-mist spraying mode, and aerobic composting is implemented. The parameters of the aerobic composting are as follows: the air excess coefficient alpha is 5.5, no microbial inoculum is added, the composting period is 7 days, when the whole heap body turns brown and releases humus odor, a sample is taken to determine the C/N (S) of the material_C/N) And 27.55, it follows that T ═ S_C/N/I_C/N0.6247, obtaining the humus soil product.

Example 2

Selecting coal gangue with ash content (Aad) of 78.50% and volatile matter (Vad) of 12.50% and organic solid waste as raw materials of the humus soil compost, wherein the coal gangue accounts for 35.00% of the raw materials of the humus soil compost by mass percentage; the first organic solid waste comprises 10.5% of dead branches and fallen leaves, 11.0% of vegetable stems and leaves and 10.0% of gramineous and rattan leaf waste; the municipal sludge accounts for 15.5% and the chicken manure accounts for 18.5% of the second organic solid waste. According to the variety of compost raw materials, in particular to the variety and reaction conditions of microorganisms in livestock and poultry manure, and according to factors such as the region, season and variety change of organic solid wastes where the compost is located, and the like, a part of thermophilic microorganisms are properly added.

The method for aerobic composting by adopting the humus soil compost raw material comprises the following steps: when composting, the C/N (I) of the humus soil compost raw material was first analyzed_C/N) The ratio was 41.62. And then 5cm of the coal gangue base layer and 25cm of the overlying composting raw material layer are stacked to form a stacking unit, a water spraying pipe and an air spraying pipe are added at two sides, water and air are supplied in a micro-mist spraying mode, and aerobic composting is implemented. Aerobic composting parameters: the air excess coefficient alpha is 6.5, no microbial inoculum is added, the composting period is 7 days, when the whole heap body becomes light brown and releases humus odor, a sample is taken to determine the C/N (S) of the material_C/N) And 24.99, from which it is derived that T ═ I_C/N/S_C/N0.6005, obtaining the humus soil product.

Example 3

Firstly, pretreating raw materials: selectively crushing, screening and grading the coal gangue to separate out the coal gangue with the granularity of more than 13mm, wherein the coal gangue is used as a raw material of a sandstone aggregate, and the coal gangue with the grain size of less than or equal to 13mm is selected as a component of a humus compost raw material for later use; the organic solid waste is primarily sorted, then respectively dried until the water content is less than or equal to 50%, the plastic high polymer in the organic solid waste is sorted and removed, and then the organic solid waste is crushed until the size is less than or equal to 13mm for later use.

Coal gangue with ash content (Aad) of 81.50 percent and volatile matter (Vad) of 10.79 percent and organic solid waste are selected as raw materials of the humus soil compost, wherein the coal gangue accounts for 32.50 percent of the raw materials of the humus soil compost by mass percentage; the dead branches and fallen leaves account for 11.50 percent, the vegetable stems and leaves account for 11.50 percent, and the gramineous and vine leaf wastes account for 10.00 percent in the first organic solid wastes; the municipal sludge accounts for 15.00% and the chicken manure accounts for 18.50% of the second organic solid waste. According to the variety of compost raw materials, in particular to the variety and reaction conditions of microorganisms in livestock and poultry manure, and according to factors such as the region, season and variety change of organic solid wastes where the compost is located, and the like, a part of thermophilic microorganisms are properly added.

The method for carrying out aerobic composting by adopting the humus soil composting raw material comprises the following steps: when composting, the C/N (I) of the humus soil compost raw material was first analyzed_C/N) The ratio was 43.86. Then 5cm of coal gangue base layer and 25cm of overlying composting raw material layer are stacked to form a stacking unit, and a water spraying pipe and an air spraying pipe are added at two sides to supply water and air in a micro-mist spraying mode, so as to implement aerobic composting. The aerobic composting parameter is that the air excess coefficient alpha is 6.5, no microbial inoculum is added, the composting period is 7 days, when the whole heap body becomes light brown and releases humus odor, a sample is taken to determine the C/N (S) of the material_C/N) And 25.65, thus giving T ═ I_C/N/S_C/N0.5848, obtaining the humus soil product.

Example 4

Selecting coal gangue and organic solid waste with 84.00% of ash content (Aad) and 9.55% of volatile component (Vad) as raw materials of the humus soil compost, wherein the coal gangue accounts for 30.50% of the raw materials of the humus soil compost by mass percentage; the dead branches and fallen leaves account for 11.00 percent, the vegetable stems and leaves account for 12.50 percent, and the gramineous and vine leaf wastes account for 11.50 percent in the first organic solid waste; the municipal sludge accounts for 15.50% and the chicken manure accounts for 19.00% of the second organic solid waste. According to the variety of compost raw materials, in particular to the variety and reaction conditions of microorganisms in livestock and poultry manure, and according to factors such as the region, season and variety change of organic solid wastes where the compost is located, and the like, a part of thermophilic microorganisms are properly added.

The method for aerobic composting by adopting the humus soil compost raw material comprises the following steps: when composting, firstly, the humus soil compost is analyzedC/N (I) of the starting Material_C/N) The ratio was 38.69. And then 5cm of the coal gangue base layer and 25cm of the overlying composting raw material layer are stacked to form a stacking unit, a water spraying pipe and an air spraying pipe are added at two sides, water and air are supplied in a micro-mist spraying mode, and aerobic composting is implemented. Aerobic composting parameter is that the air excess coefficient alpha is 6.5, no microorganism bacterium is added, the composting period is 6 days, when the whole heap body becomes light brown and releases humus odor, a sample is taken to determine the C/N (S) of the material_C/N) And 22.83, thus giving T ═ I_C/N/S_C/N0.5900, obtaining the humus soil product.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The raw material of the humus soil compost is characterized by comprising coal gangue, first organic solid waste and second organic solid waste, wherein the first organic solid waste comprises one or more of garden waste, fruit and vegetable waste and agricultural straw; the second organic solid waste comprises municipal sludge and/or livestock and poultry manure;

2. The humic soil compost raw material as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the first organic solid waste comprises garden waste, fruit and vegetable waste and agricultural straw, the mass ratio of the garden waste, the fruit and vegetable waste and the agricultural straw is (25-40): 25-40: 30-50.

3. The humic soil compost raw material as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the second organic solid waste comprises municipal sludge and livestock and poultry manure, the mass ratio of the municipal sludge to the livestock and poultry manure is (40-65) to (35-60).

4. The humic soil compost raw material as claimed in claim 1, wherein K in the coal gangue is₂The mass content of O is more than or equal to 1.05 percent, and the mass content of CaO in the coal gangue is more than or equal to 3.5 percent.

5. The humic soil compost raw material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water content of the humic soil compost raw material is 40-65%;

the content of organic matter is calculated by total organic carbon, and the content of phosphorus is calculated by P₂O₅The content of potassium is calculated as K₂The content of organic matters in the raw materials of the humus soil compost is 30-60% by mass calculated by O; the mass content of nitrogen in the humus soil compost raw material is 2.5-7.5%; the mass content of phosphorus in the humus soil compost raw material is 1-4%; the mass content of potassium in the humus soil compost raw material is 1.0-3.5%; the total mass content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the humus soil compost raw material is 4-14%; the mass ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the raw materials of the humus soil compost is (25-50) to 1; the mass ratio of carbon to phosphorus in the raw materials of the humus soil compost is (70-150) to 1; the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in the raw materials of the humus soil compost is (1.5-5.5): 1.

6. The preparation method of the humus soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:

constructing a pile body of the humus soil raw material for aerobic composting to obtain humus soil; the compost body comprises a plurality of unit compost bodies, and the humus soil raw material is the humus soil compost raw material as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein the aerobic composting comprises an initial temperature rise stage, a middle constant temperature reaction stage, a slow temperature reduction stage and a low temperature decomposition stage which are sequentially carried out; the water content of the humus soil raw material in the aerobic composting process is 45-65%, the air excess coefficient alpha of the humus soil raw material in the aerobic composting process is 2.5-9.0, and the reaction temperature is 55-75 ℃ in the medium-term constant-temperature reaction stage.

8. The preparation method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the unit pile body further comprises a coal gangue base layer, the humus soil raw material is piled on the surface of the coal gangue base layer to form a humus soil raw material layer, and the height of the coal gangue base layer accounts for 1/10-1/6 of the total height of the unit pile body.

9. The humus soil prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the moisture content of the humus soil is not more than 15-20%, and the mass ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the humus soil is not less than (15-35): 1.

10. Use of humus as claimed in claim 9 for ecological restoration and/or soil improvement restoration.