CN114731936B - Purple green vegetable water planting management method - Google Patents
Purple green vegetable water planting management method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114731936B CN114731936B CN202210314396.1A CN202210314396A CN114731936B CN 114731936 B CN114731936 B CN 114731936B CN 202210314396 A CN202210314396 A CN 202210314396A CN 114731936 B CN114731936 B CN 114731936B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/02—Treatment of plants with carbon dioxide
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention discloses a purple green vegetable water culture management method, which comprises a soil culture seedling raising, transplanting method, environment control management, and management of water culture liquid, air environment factors and illumination; under the cultivation conditions, a yield prediction model of the purple green vegetables is established; and adjusting subsequent purple green vegetable cultivation condition parameters by utilizing a yield prediction model. The water planting technology method is simple and easy to manage, the growth of the root system and the stem leaves of the crops is obviously improved after the planting of the purple green vegetables, the anthocyanin content of the leaves is increased, and the yield of the purple green vegetables is improved. The yield prediction model can predict the yield condition according to growth monitoring, is particularly suitable for industrial purple green vegetable cultivation, and has a certain comprehensive effect on other hydroponic leaf vegetables.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the fields of agricultural planting, facility gardening cultivation, intelligent agriculture and the like, and particularly relates to a water planting technology for improving anthocyanin content and purple green vegetable growth.
Background
The total nitrogen input in the greenhouse vegetable system is far higher than the nitrogen demand of crops, and the annual average nitrogen input of chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer and irrigation water is 2.5 times, 37.5 times and 83.8 times of the corresponding values in the wheat-corn rotation system and is 2.1 times, 10.4 times and 68.2 times of the corresponding values in the apple garden planting system; the nitrogen surplus of the greenhouse vegetable planting system is 9.5 times and 4.5 times of that of a wheat-corn rotation system and an orchard planting system, and the residual amount of nitrate nitrogen in a soil layer of 0-180cm after harvesting is about 4.3-5.3 times and 1.1-1.9 times respectively, so that groundwater in a greenhouse vegetable production area is seriously polluted (Ju et al 2016). The leaf vegetables have great need for nitrogen, and the nitrogen nutrition obviously affects the growth, the yield and the nutrition quality of the leaf vegetable crops. The nitrogenous fertilizer is applied to obviously increase the yield and has good appearance. Under the condition of facility cultivation, chemical nitrogenous fertilizer is excessively applied, so that the utilization rate and the application benefit of the nitrogenous fertilizer are reduced, the quality is reduced, and the environment is polluted (Liu Airong, 2016, etc.). With the increase of the nitrogen supply level, the fresh quality, the dry quality and the root system activity of the purple green vegetables all have the tendency of rising first and then slightly falling; the chlorophyll content is in an ascending trend; the relative content of anthocyanin is in a decreasing trend.
The study of scholars at home and abroad proves that the pigments in the plant purple food are all composed of anthocyanin substances. The anthocyanin not only makes flowers, fruits and vegetables present beautiful colors, but also gives higher functionality, for example, the anthocyanin can attract insects to pollinate, so that the fruits are prevented from being damaged by ultraviolet rays, diseases and insect pests are prevented, and the like. The purple vegetable has higher nutritive value than common green vegetable, strong oxidation resistance and high anthocyanin content, and can prevent hypertension, alleviate liver dysfunction and other effects, so the purple vegetable is popular in the market. Purple green vegetables (brassica campestris ssp. Chinese var. Communication) are varieties of Chinese cabbage (Yang Biyun, et al 2014), are purple leaf vegetables which are newly marketed, but the influence of different nitrogen levels, carbon dioxide, illumination management and the like on the growth and anthocyanin content of the purple green vegetables is also rarely reported.
Anthocyanin (Anthocyanidin) is a water-soluble pigment widely existing in plants, belongs to flavonoid compounds, and is a main coloring substance of plants. The influence of light on anthocyanin under the condition that the color of anthocyanin in the plant body is influenced by pH value has obvious biplanarity. First, light is an important inducer of anthocyanin biosynthesis, and is critical to anthocyanin formation. Completely non-illuminated fruits can mature normally, but do not have anthocyanin synthesis; when the illumination intensity is lower than 50% of the full illumination, the concentration of anthocyanin increases along with the increase of the light intensity. At the same time, however, light is one of the contributors to anthocyanin degradation (Li Changxin, 2011). The temperature also affects the synthesis and stability of the anthocyanin, and the extent of the effect on the anthocyanin is related to the structure and the environment in which it is located.
Reference is made to:
[1]Ju X T,Kou C L,Zhang F S*,Christie P.Nitrogen balance and groundwater nitrate contamination:Comparison among three intensive cropping systems on the North China Plain[J].Environmental Pollution,2006,143(1):117-125.DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2005.11.5.
[2] li Changxin the physical and chemical properties of purple cabbage anthocyanin are studied [ D ] the university of northwest agriculture and forestry science and technology, 2011.
[3] Liu Airong, zhang Yuanbing, huang Shoucheng, etc. the effect of different nitrogen supply levels in the rhizosphere on the growth and nutritional quality of purple green vegetables [ J ]. Tropical subtropical plant theory, 2016 (1): 56-62.
[4] Yang Biyun, she Liping, lin Linlin, et al, response surface method optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of purple chinese cabbage anthocyanin technical study [ J ], tropical subtropical plant journal, 2014,22 (4): 373-382.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a water planting technical method of the purple green vegetables, so as to utilize and create economic value, reduce running cost, improve anthocyanin of the purple green vegetables and improve growth, yield and quality of crops.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the purple green vegetable water planting management method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Soil-cultivated seedling
Uniformly and directly sowing the purple green vegetable seeds in dry land soil, keeping the water content of the soil to be 28.0% -30%, wherein the soil has the following basic properties: pH 5.5-7.0, soil temperature 25-27 ℃, soil salinity 0.1-0.3ms/cm, organic matter 1.5-2.0%, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen not less than 80mg/kg, quick-acting phosphorus not less than 80mg/kg, quick-acting potassium not less than 90.0mg/kg;
(2) Transplanting method
Selecting strong seedlings to be transplanted into a device with water culture liquid in a greenhouse, wherein the outdoor daytime temperature is about 18+/-0.5 ℃ and the humidity is 60% -65% during the transplanting; the temperature is 15+/-1 ℃ at night, and the humidity is 60% -65%; the average temperature in the greenhouse is about 25-28 ℃ and the humidity is 50% -60%;
(3) Environmental control management
Managing water culture liquid, air environmental factors and illumination;
(4) Under the cultivation conditions, a yield prediction model of the purple green vegetables is established;
(5) And adjusting subsequent purple green vegetable cultivation condition parameters by utilizing a yield prediction model.
When the seedlings are cultivated in soil, in order to promote the growth of strong seedlings, the seedlings are cultivated in sunny weather at the beginning of 9-10 months; the outdoor daytime temperature is about 25+/-0.5 ℃ and the humidity is 65% -70%; the temperature is 18+/-1 ℃ at night and the humidity is 80-90%.
When transplanting, selecting a strong seedling transplanting device in a greenhouse when the number of leaves is more than 5 (4 leaves and 1 heart) and the plant height is not less than 6cm, wherein the weather is clear at the beginning of 10 months to 11 months; the root system is washed by clean water during transplanting, but disinfection is not needed. Thus, a certain amount of beneficial soil microorganisms are attached to the surface of the root system, and the microorganisms can be propagated in the water culture solution, so that the microorganism diversity of the root system environment is improved. The water planting device is disinfected and sterilized. The water planting device is disinfected and sterilized.
Preferably, the pH of the water culture solution is 7.9-8.3, the salinity is 995-1253mg/L, and the T is 19-24 ℃; every 10L of new water culture solution diluent is added with 2g N, the applied nitrogenous fertilizer is quick-acting urea, the nitrogen content is 42%, and the water culture solution is replaced every 10 days. The hydroponic solution diluent is obtained by diluting a stock solution of the hydroponic solution according to the ratio of stock solution to distilled water=1:3.
Preferably, in the water culture solution, 8:00 a.m. of the first three weeks are used for periodically supplementing oxygen and microorganism growth, and 17:00 a.m. are used for stopping circulation; the oxygen and microorganism growth are supplemented in a 8:30 timing cycle in the morning of the last three weeks, and the cycle is stopped at 18:00 pm; when the equal plant height is 15+/-0.3 cm, the nutrient solution is replaced once in 7 days; and carrying out ultraviolet disinfection on the new water culture solution every time.
Preferably, the water planting is carried out by adopting a pipeline, the pipe diameter is 63mm, and the planting aperture is 32mm; the stock solution of the water culture liquid contains 190.62g N, 70.15 and g P per 500ml 2 O 5 、279.22g K 2 O, 80.12g MgO, 217.35g CaO, 64.35g sulfur, 5.20g iron, 0.49g boron, 0.67g manganese, 0.045g zinc, 0.02g copper, 0.007g molybdenum; in the added nitrogen fertilizer (self-made quick-acting urea, provided by the agricultural resource and environmental research institute cultivated land conservation innovation team of Jiangsu province, the main research field of soil improvement and fertilizer cultivation, novel fertilizer research and development and fertilizer application technology), the nitrogen content is 42%, and the concentration ratio of nitrate nitrogen to ammonium nitrogen in the stock solution is 1:8.0-1:8.6.
In particular, the air environmental factor includes temperature, humidity, and CO in air 2 ：
The temperature, humidity and CO in the air are calculated according to the following table 2 And (3) performing environment management:
wherein by adding CO 2 Growth-promoting agent for regulating CO in air 2 Concentration. The method comprises the following steps: CO is not added in the first week after transplanting 2 An enhancer. 45g CO is added into the second, third and fourth sides according to the space per cubic meter 2 And (3) a treating agent. In the fifth week 60g CO per cubic meter of space was added 2 The additive is not added with CO in the sixth week 2 An enhancer.
Specifically, the illumination control management is performed according to the following table:
and if the illumination is insufficient, using a full spectrum plant light supplementing lamp to supplement light.
Specifically, the yield prediction model is a prediction model for the current yield of the purple green vegetables, wherein the yield prediction model is obtained by performing function fitting processing on the yield according to any one group of photosynthetic index parameters or growth index parameters, and obtaining a fitting function of the yield and the photosynthetic index parameters or the growth index parameters;
wherein, predict purple green vegetable output based on photosynthetic index:
y1 (g/strain) =90.7197Pn+2026.0gs+6.864Ci-607.662 Tr-2478.875
Wherein the net photosynthetic rate Pn is in the range of 1-5 mu mol CO 2 /m 2 S; the value range of the transpiration rate Tr is 1-5mmol H 2 O/m 2 S; the value range of the air pore conductivity gs is 0.3-1.0mol H 2 O/m 2 S; the value of the concentration Ci of the intercellular carbon dioxide is 200-400 mu mol CO 2 /m 2 S; the net photosynthetic rate Pn, the transpiration rate Tr, the pore conductance gs and the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Ci are all calculated according to parameters of cultivation conditions of the purple green vegetables, and the calculation method is a general method in the field.
Predicting the yield of the purple green vegetables based on the growth indexes:
y2 (g/strain) = 44.519H-164.407nl+67.287rl-102.086rw+662.880
Wherein, the root length RL takes the value range of 10 cm to 40cm; the root weight RW is 3-20cm; the plant height H is 10-30cm; the number NL of the blades is 7-15.
Specifically, the current photosynthetic index parameter or growth index parameter is measured, and the yield of the current purple green vegetables is calculated by utilizing a yield prediction model, so that the cultivation condition parameters needing to be adjusted are obtained.
The beneficial effects are that:
1. in order to improve anthocyanin content of the greenhouse purple green vegetables and shorten cultivation time of the greenhouse purple green vegetables to achieve higher yield, the invention compares the influences of different nitrogen supply levels, carbon dioxide concentration, illumination and the like on the growth, anthocyanin and yield of the greenhouse purple green vegetables through a certain hydroponic test, prepares a reasonable hydroponic management technology and a yield prediction model, provides theoretical basis for reasonably applying nitrogen fertilizer, supplementing carbon dioxide, illumination and the like to the greenhouse hydroponic vegetables to obtain the high-yield and high-anthocyanin-content purple green vegetables with strong antioxidation capability, and also provides reference for avoiding soil and water pollution caused by applying excessive nitrogen fertilizer.
2. The soil culture seedling raising method can promote strong seedlings of the purple green vegetable seedlings, and nutrient solution culture and environmental management can improve anthocyanin content and yield of the purple green vegetable. In addition, due to environmental temperature and humidity control, certain plant diseases and insect pests, bacteria breeding and the like can be prevented. The method is simple and easy to operate, can not only improve the yield and quality of the purple green vegetables, but also improve the commodity value of the purple green vegetables, and reduces the running cost. The invention is especially suitable for the industrialized cultivation of the purple green vegetables, and can obtain certain beneficial effects in the planting of the leaf vegetables in other facilities.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or other advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a graph of light front monitoring under different carbon dioxide treatments after transplanting of the examples.
FIG. 2 is a graph of chlorophyll fluorescence value monitoring after example transplanting.
Fig. 3 is a result of SPSS fitting of yield based on photosynthetic indicators.
Fig. 4 is a result of a yield SPSS fit based on growth indicators.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood from the following examples.
The invention relates to a purple green water culture management method, a soil culture seedling raising and transplanting method and an environment control management technology, wherein the environment control management technology mainly comprises the requirements of water culture liquid management, air environment factor control management and illumination management. Harvesting after the sixth week after transplanting. The specific management technology is as follows:
1. soil-cultivated seedling
In order to promote the growth of strong seedlings, the strong seedlings are grown in sunny days at the beginning of 9 months to 10 months. The outdoor daytime temperature is about 25+/-0.5 ℃ and the humidity is 65% -70%; the temperature is 18+/-1 ℃ at night and the humidity is 80-90%. The purple green vegetable seeds are uniformly and directly sown in dry land soil according to 1g per square meter. The water content of the soil is kept to be 28.0% -30%, and the soil has the following basic properties: pH 5.5-7.0, soil temperature 25-27 deg.c, soil salinity 0.1-0.3ms/cm, organic matter 1.5-2.0%, alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen not less than 80mg/kg, fast acting P not less than 80mg/kg, fast acting potassium not less than 90.0mg/kg.
2. Transplanting method
The transplanting is very critical, including selection of strong seedlings, indoor and outdoor environment requirements in the transplanting period, and the like. Specifically, at the beginning of 10 months to 11 months, the weather is clear, when the number of leaves is 5 (4 leaves 1 heart), strong seedlings are selected and transplanted into a device filled with water culture solution in a greenhouse when the plant height is about 6 cm. The root system is washed by clean water during transplanting, but disinfection is not needed. Thus, a certain amount of beneficial soil microorganisms are attached to the surface of the root system, and the microorganisms can be propagated in the water culture solution, so that the microorganism diversity of the root system environment is improved. The water planting device is disinfected and sterilized. The outdoor daytime temperature is about 18+/-0.5 ℃ and the humidity is 60% -65%; the temperature is 15+/-1 ℃ at night and the humidity is 60-65%. The average temperature in the greenhouse is about 25-28 ℃, and the humidity is 50% -60%.
3. Environmental control management technology
(1) Hydroponic solution management
The pH of the water culture solution is 7.9-8.3, the salinity is 995-1253mg/L, and the T is 19-24 ℃. The water inlet pipeline is transparent, and beneficial soil microorganisms on the surface of the root system gradually form green microbial films when transplanted in the growth process, so that healthy and healthy growth of the root system is promoted. And diluting the stock solution of the water culture solution according to the ratio of stock solution to water=1:3 to obtain a diluted solution. 2g N (quick-acting urea 42%) was added to each 10L of fresh hydroponic dilutions, and replaced every 10 days. The first three weeks, 8:00 a.m., were periodically supplemented with oxygen and microbial growth and the cycle stopped at 17:00 a.m. The cycle was stopped at 18:00 pm after the last three weeks 8:30 a.m. to supplement oxygen and microbial growth. When the plant height is about 15+/-0.3 cm, the nutrient solution is replaced once in 7 days. And carrying out ultraviolet disinfection on the new water culture solution every time. And (3) carrying out water planting on the pipeline, wherein the pipe diameter is 63mm, and the planting aperture is 32mm. The stock solution of the water culture solution contains 190.62g N (nitrate nitrogen: ammonium nitrogen) per 500ml＝1:8.0-1：8.6)、70.15g P 2 O 5 、279.22g K 2 O, 80.12g MgO, 217.35g CaO, 64.35g sulfur, 5.20g iron, 0.49g boron, 0.67g manganese, 0.045g zinc, 0.02g copper, 0.007g molybdenum. The added nitrogen fertilizer is self-made quick-acting urea (agricultural resource and environmental research institute cultivation and innovation team of Jiangsu province), the nitrogen content is 42%, and nitrate nitrogen in the stock solution is ammonium nitrogen=1:8.0-1:8.6.
(2) Air environmental factor control management
The temperature, humidity and CO in air are calculated according to the following table 2 And performing environment management. By addition of CO 2 The additive regulates CO in air 2 Concentration. Wherein CO is 2 The preparation is a powdery solid, and the brand is "quzhou state flourishing". CO is not added in the first week after transplanting 2 An enhancer. 45g CO is added into the second, third and fourth sides according to the space per cubic meter 2 The treating agent is carried out. In the fifth week 60g CO per cubic meter of space was added 2 The additive is not added with CO in the sixth week 2 An enhancer.
Reference table for controlling air environment of greenhouse
(3) Requirements for light management
Except that illumination is not needed at night, illumination control management is carried out according to the following table, and if illumination is insufficient, full-spectrum plant light supplementing lamps are used for light supplementing.
Table 2 greenhouse air environmental control reference table
In 2020-2021, planting herba Violae in glass greenhouse of national academy of sciences and technology in pipeline water planting manner with pipe diameter of 63mm and planting aperture of 32mmThe water culture solution inlet pipeline is transparent. Purple green vegetables are local varieties of Nanjing (seeds provided by the national academy of sciences of the Soviet province). By using the technical method for managing the purple green vegetables by water culture, three water culture solutions with nitrogen concentrations are set as a water culture solution dilution stock solution (Y1), 2g N is added to 10L of the water culture solution dilution stock solution (Y2), and 4g N is added to 10L of the water culture solution dilution stock solution (Y3). The temperatures of Y1, Y2 and Y3 before planting were about 21.5 ℃, the pH values were 7.5, 7.4 and 7.2, and the salinity were 1667mg/L, 2198mg/L and 2992mg/L, respectively. The water culture stock solution is diluted into water culture dilution liquid according to the ratio of water to 1:3. 500ml of stock solution of water culture solution contains 190.62g N (NO) 3 - -N:NH 4 + -n=1:8.6), 70.15g P 2 O 5 279.22 g K 2 O, 80.12g MgO, 217.35g CaO, 64.35g sulfur, 5.20g iron, 0.49g boron, 0.67g manganese, 0.045g zinc, 0.02g copper, 0.007g molybdenum. The added nitrogen is from self-made quick-acting urea (national institute of sciences, jiangsu province) with the nitrogen content of 42%. Each nitrogen treatment gives two carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Under the conditions of no CO 2 Treating agent (C0), CO is added 2 Treating agent (C1). CO 2 The preparation is a powdery solid, and is named as "quzhou state flourishing" in China. Accordingly, there are six kinds of treatments, respectively C0N1, C0N2, C0N3, C1N1, C1N2, C1N3, repeated four times. CO is not added in the first week after the transplanting of the treatment C1 2 An enhancer. 45g CO is added into the second, third and fourth sides according to the space per cubic meter 2 The treating agent is carried out. In the fifth week 60g CO per cubic meter of space was added 2 The additive is not added with CO in the sixth week 2 An enhancer. The carbon dioxide in the air was continuously monitored by an intelligent carbon dioxide monitor (Lvkedu, LKD-RMU series, model 597, china). The field soil culture seedling is carried out on 9 months and 9 days in 2020, and 8cm plants are transplanted on 9 days and 10 months. According to the growth condition of plants, the water culture solution is replaced every 10 days in the early stage of transplanting according to the management technology in the invention. When the plant height is about 15+/-0.3 cm, the nutrient solution is replaced once in 7 days. The water culture diluent is periodically supplemented with oxygen and microorganism growth at 8:00 a.m. three weeks before stopping circulation at 17:00 a.m. The cycle was stopped at 18:00 pm after the last three weeks 8:30 a.m. to supplement oxygen and microbial growth. Every time new water culture solution passesAnd (5) ultraviolet sterilization. Illumination was controlled and managed as in table 2 and monitored as shown in fig. 1.
Crop growth agronomic indexes, yield and anthocyanin content are measured in various crop harvest periods, and insect prevention effects in the growth process are investigated. The results are shown in tables 1 and 2. As can be seen from table 1: administration of CO 2 Thereafter, anthocyanin levels were highest at the nitrogen application level (Y2) in the present invention, and then yields were also highest. As can be seen from Table 2, the experiment group in which the hydroponics technique of the present invention was carried out, CO was applied 2 After that, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was highest at the nitrogen application level (Y2) in the present invention, and the Leaf Water Use Efficiency (LWUE) was also highest, promoting the improvement of chlorophyll SPAD value (fig. 2). Therefore, the invention not only can increase the root length, plant height, leaf number and yield of the purple green vegetables, but also can increase the anthocyanin content. In addition, the experiment group of the water planting technology can also implement the invention, and the photosynthetic index, chlorophyll and the like of the purple green vegetables are also improved.
TABLE 1 growth, yield and anthocyanin content of purple greens at harvest under different treatments
TABLE 2 chlorophyll Change under different treatments
And the yield, the agronomic indexes of different growth and the photosynthetic index data are fitted by using SPSS to obtain a corresponding yield prediction model (as follows), and the fitting accuracy is good, as shown in figures 3 and 4. The prediction model can be directly applied to the yield prediction of the purple green vegetable water culture management technology.
(1) Yield equation based on photosynthetic index:
y1 (g/strain) =90.717×pn+2026.0×gs+6.864×ci-607.662×tr-2478.875 (precision R 2 ＝0.924)
The reasonable value range of the net photosynthetic rate Pn in the above method is 1-5 mu mol CO 2 /m 2 S; the reasonable value range of the transpiration rate Tr is 1-5mmol H 2 O/m 2 S; the reasonable value range of the air pore conductivity gs is 0.3-1.0mol H 2 O/m 2 S; the reasonable value range of the concentration Ci of the intercellular carbon dioxide is 200-400 mu mol CO 2 /m 2 /s。
(2) Yield equation based on growth index:
y2 (g/strain) =44.519×h-164.407×nl+67.287×rl-102.086×rw+662.880 (precision R 2 ＝0.951)
The reasonable value range of the root length RL is 10-40cm; the reasonable value range of the root weight RW is 3-20cm; the reasonable value range of the plant height H is 10-30cm; the reasonable value range of the number NL of the blades is 7-15.
In the subsequent water planting process, the current yield of the purple green vegetables can be calculated by measuring the current photosynthetic index parameter or the growth index parameter and utilizing a yield prediction model, so as to guide the acquisition of the subsequent cultivation condition parameters needing to be adjusted.
In conclusion, the technical method for hydroponic cultivation of the purple green vegetables can improve the growth traits of the purple green vegetables, increase the anthocyanin content and yield and improve the commodity value of the purple green vegetables.
The invention provides a thought and a method for managing the water planting of the purple green vegetables, and particularly provides a method and a plurality of ways for realizing the technical scheme, the method and the way are only the preferred embodiments of the invention, and it should be pointed out that a plurality of improvements and modifications can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and the improvements and modifications are also considered as the protection scope of the invention. The components not explicitly described in this embodiment can be implemented by using the prior art.
Claims (3)
1. The purple green vegetable water planting management method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Soil-cultivated seedling
Uniformly and directly sowing the purple green vegetable seeds in dry land soil, keeping the water content of the soil to be 28.0% -30%, wherein the soil has the following basic properties: pH 5.5-7.0, soil temperature 25-27 ℃, soil salinity 0.1-0.3ms/cm, organic matter 1.5% -2.0%, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen not less than 80mg/kg, quick-acting phosphorus not less than 80mg/kg, quick-acting potassium not less than 90.0mg/kg;
(2) Transplanting method
Selecting strong seedlings to be transplanted into a device with water culture liquid in a greenhouse, wherein the outdoor daytime temperature is 18+/-0.5 ℃ and the humidity is 60% -65% during the transplanting; the temperature is 15+/-1 ℃ at night, and the humidity is 60% -65%; the average temperature in the greenhouse is 25-28 ℃ and the humidity is 50% -60%;
(3) Environmental control management
Managing water culture liquid, air environmental factors and illumination;
(4) Under the cultivation conditions, a yield prediction model of the purple green vegetables is established;
(5) Adjusting subsequent purple green vegetable cultivation condition parameters by utilizing a yield prediction model;
the pH of the water culture solution is 7.9-8.3, the salinity is 995-1253mg/L, and the T is 19-24 ℃; 2g of N is added into 10L of new water culture solution diluent, and the water culture solution is replaced every 10 days;
in the water culture solution, 8:00 a.m. of the first three weeks are used for periodically supplementing oxygen and microorganism growth, and 17:00 a.m. of the second three weeks are used for stopping circulation; the oxygen and microorganism growth are supplemented in a 8:30 timing cycle in the morning of the last three weeks, and the cycle is stopped at 18:00 pm; when the equal plant height is 15+/-0.3 cm, the nutrient solution is replaced once in 7 days; each time the new water culture solution is sterilized by ultraviolet;
planting by adopting pipeline water planting, wherein the pipe diameter is 63 and mm, and the planting aperture is 32 and mm; the stock solution of the water culture liquid contains 190.62g N and 70.15g P per 500 g 500ml 2 O 5 、279.22 g K 2 O, 80.12g MgO, 217.35g CaO, 64.35g g sulfur, 5.20g iron, 0.49g boron, 0.67g manganese, 0.045g zinc, 0.02g copper, 0.007g molybdenum;
the air environment factor comprises temperature, humidity and CO in air 2 ：
The temperature, humidity and CO in the air are calculated according to the following table 2 And (3) performing environment management:
；
wherein by adding CO 2 Growth is improvedAgent for regulating CO in air 2 Concentration;
the illumination control management is carried out according to the following table:
；
if the illumination is insufficient, a full spectrum plant light supplementing lamp is used for supplementing light;
the yield prediction model is a prediction model of the current purple green vegetable yield, which is obtained by performing function fitting processing on the yield according to any one group of photosynthetic index parameters or growth index parameters and obtaining a fitting function of the yield and the photosynthetic index parameters or the growth index parameters;
wherein, predict purple green vegetable output based on photosynthetic index:
y1 (g/strain) =90.7197Pn+2026.0gs+6.864Ci-607.662 Tr-2478.875
Wherein the net photosynthetic rate Pn is in the range of 1-5 mu mol CO 2 /m 2 S; the value range of the transpiration rate Tr is 1-5mmol H 2 O/m 2 S; the value range of the air pore conductivity gs is 0.3-1.0mol H 2 O/m 2 S; the value of the concentration Ci of the intercellular carbon dioxide is 200-400 mu mol CO 2 /m 2 /s；
Predicting the yield of the purple green vegetables based on the growth indexes:
y2 (g/strain) = 44.519H-164.407nl+67.287rl-102.086rw+662.880
Wherein, the root length RL has a value range of 10-40cm; the root weight RW has a value range of 3-20cm; the plant height H is 10-30cm; the value range of the number NL of the blades is 7-15;
and measuring current photosynthetic index parameters or growth index parameters, and calculating the current yield of the purple green vegetables by using a yield prediction model, so as to obtain cultivation condition parameters needing to be adjusted.
2. The method for managing the water planting of the purple green vegetables according to claim 1, wherein when the seedlings are cultivated in soil, the seedlings are cultivated in clear weather at the beginning of 9-10 months to promote the growth of strong seedlings; the outdoor daytime temperature is 25+/-0.5 ℃ and the humidity is 65% -70%; the temperature is 18+/-1 ℃ at night and the humidity is 80-90%.
3. The method for managing the water planting of the purple green vegetables according to claim 1, wherein during transplanting, the method is characterized in that at the beginning of 10 months to 11 months, the weather is clear, and when the number of leaves is more than 5, the plant height is not less than 6cm, the strong seedlings are transplanted to a water planting device in a greenhouse; the root system is washed by clear water during transplanting; the water planting device is disinfected and sterilized.
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