CN114731936A - Water culture management method for purple green vegetables - Google Patents
Water culture management method for purple green vegetables Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water culture management method for purple vegetables, which comprises the steps of soil culture seedling, transplanting method, environment control management, management of water culture solution, air environment factors and illumination; establishing a yield prediction model of the purple vegetables under the cultivation condition; and adjusting subsequent purple green vegetable cultivation condition parameters by using a yield prediction model. The water culture technical method is simple and easy to manage, the growth of crop roots and stems and leaves is obviously improved after the purple green vegetables are planted, the anthocyanin content of leaves is increased, and the yield of the purple green vegetables is improved. The yield prediction model can predict the yield condition according to growth monitoring, is particularly suitable for industrial purple vegetable cultivation, and can have a certain comprehensive effect in other water-cultured leaf vegetables.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the fields of agricultural planting, facility horticultural cultivation, smart agriculture and the like, and particularly relates to a water culture technology for improving anthocyanin content and purple cabbage growth.
Background
The total nitrogen input in a greenhouse vegetable system is far higher than the nitrogen demand of crops, and the annual average nitrogen input amount of a chemical fertilizer, an organic fertilizer and irrigation water is respectively 2.5, 37.5 and 83.8 times of the corresponding value in a wheat-corn rotation system and is 2.1, 10.4 and 68.2 times of the corresponding value in an apple orchard planting system; the nitrogen surplus of the greenhouse vegetable planting system is 9.5 times and 4.5 times of that of a wheat-corn crop rotation system and an orchard planting system, the residual amount of nitrate nitrogen in a soil layer of 0-180cm after harvesting is about 4.3-5.3 times and 1.1-1.9 times respectively, and the underground water (Ju et al.2016) in a greenhouse vegetable production area is seriously polluted. The leaf vegetables have great demand on nitrogen, and the nitrogen nutrition obviously influences the growth, the yield and the nutritional quality of the leaf vegetable crops. Because the applied nitrogen fertilizer has obvious yield increase and good appearance. Chemical nitrogen fertilizer is often applied in excess under the condition of facility cultivation, which not only reduces the utilization rate and application benefit of the nitrogen fertilizer, but also reduces the quality and pollutes the environment (Liu' ei Rong et al.2016). With the increase of nitrogen supply level, the fresh quality, the dry quality and the root activity of the purple green vegetables are in a trend of increasing first and then slightly decreasing; the chlorophyll content is in an increasing trend; the relative content of anthocyanin is reduced.
The study of scholars at home and abroad considers that the pigments in the purple plant food are all composed of anthocyanin substances. The anthocyanin not only enables flowers, fruits and vegetables to have beautiful colors, but also enables the flowers, the fruits and the vegetables to have higher functionality, such as the anthocyanin can absorb insect pollination, enables the fruits to be prevented from being damaged by ultraviolet rays, resists plant diseases and insect pests and the like. The purple vegetables have higher nutritive value and stronger oxidation resistance than common green vegetables, have high anthocyanin content, and can prevent hypertension, slow down liver dysfunction and the like, so the purple vegetables are popular in the market. Purple cabbage (Brassica oleracea sp. chinensis var. communis) is a variety of pakchoi (populi et al. 2014) and is a new purple leaf vegetable on the market, but the influence of different nitrogen levels, carbon dioxide, illumination management and the like on the growth and anthocyanin content of purple cabbage is rarely reported.
Anthocyanins (Anthocynidins) are water-soluble pigments widely present in plants, belong to flavonoid compounds, and are the main coloring substances of plants. The influence of light on anthocyanin exists obviously in two aspects under the condition that the color of the anthocyanin in the plant body is influenced by pH value. First, light is an important inducer of anthocyanin biosynthesis and is essential for anthocyanin formation. Fruits which are not illuminated at all can be normally mature, but the anthocyanin is not synthesized; when the illumination intensity is less than 50% of the full illumination, the concentration of the anthocyanin increases along with the increase of the light intensity. However, light is also one of the promoters of anthocyanin degradation (plum blossom, 2011). Temperature also affects the synthesis and stability of anthocyanins, and the degree of effect on anthocyanins is related to their structure and the environment in which they are placed.
Reference documents:
[1]Ju X T,Kou C L,Zhang F S*,Christie P.Nitrogen balance and groundwater nitrate contamination:Comparison among three intensive cropping systems on the North China Plain[J].Environmental Pollution,2006,143(1):117-125.DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2005.11.5.
[2] plum blossom New, purple cabbage anthocyanin physical and chemical property research [ D ]. northwest agriculture and forestry science and technology university, 2011.
[3] Liu love, Zhang Yuan soldiers, Huang Ducheng, etc. influence of different nitrogen supply levels of rhizosphere on growth and nutritional quality of purple green vegetables [ J ] Proc. Suantropic subtropical plant, 2016(1):56-62.
[4] Poppy, Lemna minor, Linlin, etc. the research on the technology for ultrasonic-assisted extraction of purple pakchoi anthocyanin by using a response surface method [ J ]. the journal of tropical and subtropical plants, 2014,22(4):373-382.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a technical method for water culture of purple cabbage, aiming at the defects of the prior art, so as to utilize and create economic value, reduce the operation cost, improve the anthocyanin of the purple cabbage and improve the growth, yield and quality of crops.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a water culture management method for purple vegetables is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) soil-cultured seedling
The purple green vegetable seeds are uniformly and directly sowed in dry land soil, the water content of the soil is kept to be 28.0-30%, and the basic properties of the soil are as follows: the pH value is 5.5-7.0, the soil temperature is 25-27 ℃, the soil salt content is 0.1-0.3ms/cm, the organic matter is 1.5-2.0%, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is more than or equal to 80mg/kg, the available phosphorus is more than or equal to 80mg/kg, and the available potassium is more than or equal to 90.0 mg/kg;
(2) transplanting method
Selecting strong seedlings to transplant into a device filled with hydroponic liquid in a greenhouse, wherein the outdoor daytime temperature is about 18 +/-0.5 ℃ and the humidity is 60-65% during transplanting; the temperature at night is 15 +/-1 ℃, and the humidity is 60-65%; the average temperature in the greenhouse is about 25-28 ℃, and the humidity is 50-60%;
(3) environmental control management
Managing the hydroponic solution, air environment factors and illumination;
(4) establishing a yield prediction model of the purple vegetables under the cultivation condition;
(5) and adjusting subsequent purple green vegetable cultivation condition parameters by using a yield prediction model.
Wherein, when the seedlings are cultivated in soil, in order to promote the growth of strong seedlings, the seedlings are cultivated in clear weather from the bottom of 9 months to the beginning of 10 months; the outdoor daytime temperature is about 25 +/-0.5 ℃, and the humidity is 65-70%; the temperature at night is 18 +/-1 ℃, and the humidity is 80-90%.
Wherein, during transplanting, from the bottom of 10 months to the beginning of 11 months, selecting clear weather, selecting strong seedlings to transplant into a water culture device in a greenhouse when the number of leaves is more than 5 (4 leaves and 1 heart) and the plant height is not less than 6 cm; when transplanting, the root system is washed by clear water, but disinfection is not needed. Thus, certain beneficial soil microorganisms are attached to the surface of the root system, and can be propagated in the water culture solution, so that the microbial diversity of the root system environment is improved. The hydroponic devices are sterilized. The hydroponic devices are sterilized.
Preferably, the pH of the hydroponic liquid is 7.9-8.3, the salinity is 995-1253mg/L, and the T is 19-24 ℃; 2g N is added into every 10L of new water culture solution diluent, the applied nitrogen fertilizer is quick-acting urea, the nitrogen content is 42%, and the water culture solution is replaced every 10 days. The hydroponic liquid diluent is obtained by diluting a hydroponic liquid stock solution according to the ratio of the stock solution to distilled water being 1: 3.
Preferably, in the hydroponic solution, oxygen is supplemented and the microorganisms grow periodically at 8:00 morning in the first three weeks, and the circulation is stopped at 17:00 afternoon; supplementing oxygen and growing microorganisms periodically and circularly at 8:30 in the morning three weeks later, and stopping circulation at 18:00 in the afternoon; when the plant height is 15 +/-0.3 cm, replacing the nutrient solution once in 7 days; the new hydroponic liquid is disinfected by ultraviolet every time.
Preferably, pipeline water culture planting is adopted, the pipe diameter is 63mm, and the planting hole diameter is 32 mm; the hydroponic liquid stock solution contains 190.62g N and 70.15g P per 500ml2O5、279.22g K2O, 80.12g MgO, 217.35g CaO, 64.35g sulfur, 5.20g iron, 0.49g boron, 0.67g manganese, 0.045g zinc, 0.02g copper, 0.007g molybdenum; in the added nitrogen fertilizer (self-made quick-acting urea, provided by agricultural resource and environmental research institute farmland conservation innovation team of agricultural academy of agricultural science in Jiangsu province, and mainly applied to the research fields of soil improvement and fertilization, novel fertilizer research and development and fertilization technology), the nitrogen content is 42%, and the concentration ratio of nitrate nitrogen to ammonium nitrogen in the stock solution is 1: 8.0-1: 8.6.
Specifically, the air environment factors include temperature, humidity and CO in air2：
According to the following tableTemperature, humidity, CO in air2And (3) carrying out environment management:
wherein by adding CO2Growth regulator for regulating CO in air2And (4) concentration. The method specifically comprises the following steps: CO is not added in the first week after transplanting2An enhancer. Adding 45g of CO into the second, third and fourth sides according to the space per cubic meter2And (3) a treating agent. Adding 60g CO per cubic meter space in the fifth week2Enhancer, no CO addition in the sixth week2An enhancer.
Specifically, the illumination control management is performed according to the following table:
if the illumination is not enough, a full-spectrum plant light supplement lamp is used for supplementing light.
Specifically, the yield prediction model is a prediction model for performing function fitting processing on the yield according to any one group of photosynthetic index parameters or growth index parameters to obtain a fitting function of the yield and the photosynthetic index parameters or growth index parameters, and the fitting function is used as the current yield of the purple vegetables;
and predicting the yield of the purple vegetables based on the photosynthetic indexes:
y1 (g/strain) 90.717Pn +2026.0gs +6.864Ci-607.662Tr-2478.875
Wherein the net photosynthetic rate Pn ranges from 1 to 5 mu mol CO2/m2S; the transpiration rate Tr is 1-5mmol H2O/m2S; the value range of the porosity gas conductivity gs is 0.3-1.0mol H2O/m2S; the value range of the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Ci is 200-2/m2S; the net photosynthetic rate Pn and transpirationThe rate Tr, the stomatal conductance gs and the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Ci are calculated according to the parameters of the purple green vegetable cultivation condition, and the calculation method is a general method in the field.
And (3) predicting the yield of the purple vegetables based on the growth indexes:
y2 (g/strain) 44.519H-164.407NL +67.287RL-102.086RW +662.880
In the formula, the value range of the root length RL is 10-40 cm; the root weight RW value range is 3-20 cm; the value range of the plant height H is 10-30 cm; the number NL of leaves ranges from 7 to 15.
Specifically, a current photosynthetic index parameter or a current growth index parameter is measured, and the yield of the current purple vegetables is calculated by using a yield prediction model, so that a cultivation condition parameter needing to be adjusted is obtained.
Has the advantages that:
1. in order to improve the anthocyanin content of the purple cabbage in the facility and shorten the cultivation time of the purple cabbage to achieve higher yield, the invention compares the influences of different nitrogen supply levels, carbon dioxide concentration, illumination and the like on the growth, anthocyanin and yield of the purple cabbage through a certain water cultivation test, and a reasonable water cultivation management technology and a yield prediction model are made, so that a theoretical basis is provided for reasonably applying nitrogen fertilizer, supplementing carbon dioxide, illumination and the like to the purple cabbage with high yield and anthocyanin content and strong oxidation resistance, and a reference is also provided for avoiding soil and water body pollution caused by excessive nitrogen fertilizer application.
2. The soil culture seedling can promote the purple cabbage seedling to be strong, and the content and the yield of anthocyanin of the purple cabbage can be improved by nutrient solution culture and environmental management. In addition, the environmental temperature and humidity control can also prevent certain plant diseases and insect pests, germ breeding and the like. The method is simple and easy to operate, not only can improve the yield and the quality of the purple vegetables, but also can improve the commodity value of the purple vegetables, and the operation cost is reduced. The method is particularly suitable for industrial purple vegetable cultivation, and can also achieve certain beneficial effects in leaf vegetable cultivation in other facilities.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or other advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the pre-illumination monitoring under different carbon dioxide treatments after transplantation.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the fluorescence values of chlorophyll after transplantation in the examples.
FIG. 3 is SPSS fitting results for yield based on photosynthetic indicators.
FIG. 4 is the result of SPSS fit of yield based on growth indicators.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood from the following examples.
The invention relates to a water culture management method of purple green vegetables, a soil culture seedling and transplanting method and an environment control management technology, wherein the environment control management technology mainly comprises the requirements of water culture solution management, air environment factor control management and illumination management. And harvesting after the sixth week after transplanting. The specific management techniques are as follows:
soil culture of seedlings
In order to promote the growth of strong seedlings, the seedlings are grown in sunny days from the bottom of 9 months to the beginning of 10 months. The outdoor daytime temperature is about 25 +/-0.5 ℃, and the humidity is 65-70%; the temperature at night is 18 +/-1 ℃, and the humidity is 80-90%. The purple cabbage seeds are uniformly and directly sowed in dry land soil according to 1g per square meter. The water content of the soil is kept to be 28.0-30%, and the basic properties of the soil are as follows: the pH value is 5.5-7.0, the soil temperature is 25-27 ℃, the soil salt content is 0.1-0.3ms/cm, the organic matter is 1.5-2.0%, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is more than or equal to 80mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is more than or equal to 80mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium is more than or equal to 90.0 mg/kg.
Second, transplanting method
Transplanting is very critical, and comprises strong seedling selection, indoor and outdoor environmental requirements in the transplanting period and the like. Specifically, from the bottom of 10 months to the beginning of 11 months, strong seedlings are selected to be transplanted into a device filled with hydroponic liquid in a greenhouse when the weather is clear and the plant height is about 6cm and the number of leaves is 5 (4 leaves and 1 heart). When transplanting, the root system is washed by clear water, but the disinfection is not needed. Thus, certain beneficial soil microorganisms are attached to the surface of the root system, and can be propagated in the hydroponic liquid, so that the microbial diversity of the root system environment is improved. The hydroponic devices are sterilized. The outdoor daytime temperature is about 18 +/-0.5 ℃, and the humidity is 60-65%; the temperature at night is 15 +/-1 ℃, and the humidity is 60-65%. The average temperature in the greenhouse is about 25-28 ℃, and the humidity is 50-60%.
Third, environment control management technology
(1) Hydroponic fluid management
The pH value of the water culture solution is 7.9-8.3, the salinity is 995-1253mg/L, and the T is 19-24 ℃. The water inlet pipe is transparent, and beneficial soil microorganisms on the surface of the root system gradually form a green microbial film when the plant is transplanted in the growth process, so that the healthy and sound growth of the root system is promoted. Diluting the stock solution of the hydroponic liquid according to the ratio of the stock solution to water being 1:3 to obtain a diluted solution. 2g N (quick-acting urea 42%) was added to 10L of the new hydroponic medium diluent and replaced every 10 days. The first three weeks were 8:00 a.m. with timed cycles of oxygen supplementation and microbial growth, and the cycle was stopped at 17:00 a.m. The last three weeks, 8:30 a.m., supplemented with oxygen and microbial growth, and the cycle was stopped at 18:00 a.m. When the plant height is about 15 +/-0.3 cm, the nutrient solution is replaced once in 7 days. The new hydroponic liquid is disinfected by ultraviolet every time. The pipeline is planted in water culture, the pipe diameter is 63mm, and the planting aperture is 32 mm. The stock solution of hydroponic liquid contains 190.62g N (nitrate nitrogen: ammonium nitrogen: 1: 8.0-1: 8.6) and 70.15g P per 500ml2O5、279.22g K2O, 80.12g MgO, 217.35g CaO, 64.35g sulfur, 5.20g iron, 0.49g boron, 0.67g manganese, 0.045g zinc, 0.02g copper, 0.007g molybdenum. The added nitrogen fertilizer is self-made quick-acting urea (agricultural resource and environmental research institute cultivation and conservation innovative team of Jiangsu province academy of agricultural sciences), the nitrogen content is 42%, and nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in stock solution are 1: 8.0-1: 8.6.
(2) Air environment factor control management
Temperature, humidity, CO in air were carried out according to the following table2And carrying out environment management. By addition of CO2Air CO regulation by increaser2And (4) concentration. Wherein CO is2The preparation is a powdery solid, and the brand is 'Quzhou Guosheng'. CO is not added in the first week after transplanting2An enhancer. Adding 45g of CO into the second, third and fourth sides according to the space per cubic meter2The treatment agent is used for treating. Adding 60g CO per cubic meter space in the fifth week2Enhancer, no CO addition in the sixth week2An enhancer.
Greenhouse air environment control reference table
(3) Lighting management requirements
Except that the illumination is not needed at night, the illumination control management is carried out according to the following table, and if the illumination is not enough, the full-spectrum plant light supplement lamp is used for supplementing light.
TABLE 2 greenhouse air environment control reference table
The purple cabbage is cultivated in a glass greenhouse of Jinling academy of science and technology in the year 2020 plus 2021 by pipeline water cultivation, the pipe diameter is 63mm, the planting hole diameter is 32mm, and a water cultivation liquid inlet pipeline is transparent. The purple green vegetables are local varieties of Nanjing (seeds provided by agricultural institute of Jiangsu province). According to the technical method for water culture management of the purple greens, the water culture solutions with three nitrogen concentrations are set as water culture solution diluted stock solutions (Y1), 2g N is added into 10L of the water culture solution diluted stock solutions (Y2), and 4g N is added into 10L of the water culture solution diluted stock solutions (Y3). The temperature of Y1, Y2 and Y3 before planting was about 21.5 ℃, the pH was 7.5, 7.4 and 7.2 respectively, and the salinity was 1667mg/L, 2198mg/L and 2992mg/L respectively. And (3) diluting the hydroponic stock solution into a hydroponic diluent according to the ratio of water to water being 1: 3. The hydroponic liquid stock solution 500ml contains 190.62g N (NO)3 --N:NH4 +-N ═ 1:8.6), 70.15g P2O5279.22 g K2O, 80.12 grams MgO, 217.35 grams CaO, 64.35 grams sulfur, 5.20 grams iron, 0.49 grams boron, 0.67 grams manganese, 0.045 grams zinc, 0.02 grams copper, 0.007 grams molybdenum. The added nitrogen comes from self-made quick-acting urea (capital ring of agricultural hospital in Jiangsu province), and the nitrogen content is 42%. Each nitrogen treatment yields two carbon dioxide (CO)2) Provided that there is no CO2Treating agent (C0), addingCO2A treating agent (C1). CO 22The preparation is a powdery solid, and the brand of China is 'Quzhou Guosheng'. Thus, there are six treatments, C0N1, C0N2, C0N3, C1N1, C1N2, and C1N3, repeated four times. No CO addition in the first week after C1 transplantation2An enhancer. Adding 45g of CO into the second, third and fourth sides according to the space per cubic meter2The treatment agent is used for treating. Adding 60g CO per cubic meter space in the fifth week2Enhancer, no CO addition in the sixth week2An enhancer. Carbon dioxide in the air was continuously monitored by an intelligent carbon dioxide monitor (Lvkedu, LKD-RMU series, model 597, China). The field soil culture seedling is carried out in 9 months and 9 days in 2020, and 8cm plants are transplanted in 9 days in 10 months. According to the plant growth condition, the water culture solution is replaced every 10 days in the early stage after the transplanting according to the management technology of the invention. When the plant height is about 15 +/-0.3 cm, the nutrient solution is replaced once in 7 days. The three weeks before the culture of the water dilution solution, the oxygen is supplemented and the microorganism grows at 8:00 in the morning in a timed cycle, and the cycle is stopped at 17:00 in the afternoon. The last three weeks, 8:30 a.m., supplemented with oxygen and microbial growth, and the cycle was stopped at 18:00 a.m. The new hydroponic liquid is disinfected by ultraviolet every time. The illumination was controlled and managed as per table 2 and monitored as shown in fig. 1.
And (3) determining the growth agronomic indexes, the yield and the anthocyanin content of the crops in the harvest period of various crops, and investigating the insect prevention effect in the growth process. The results are shown in tables 1 and 2. As can be seen from table 1: administration of CO2Thereafter, the anthocyanin content was the highest at the nitrogen application level (Y2) in the present invention, and then the yield was also the highest. As can be seen from Table 2, the experimental group for carrying out the hydroponic technique of the present invention, to which CO was applied2Thereafter, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was highest at the nitrogen application level (Y2) in the present invention, and the Leaf Water Use Efficiency (LWUE) was also highest, promoting the chlorophyll SPAD value to be increased (fig. 2). Therefore, the invention not only can increase the root length, plant height, leaf number and yield of the purple vegetables, but also can improve the anthocyanin content. In addition, the experimental group for implementing the water culture technology of the invention can also improve the photosynthetic index, chlorophyll and the like of the purple vegetables.
TABLE 1 growth, yield and anthocyanin content of purple cabbage at harvest under different treatments
TABLE 2 chlorophyll changes under different treatments
And fitting the yield, the agronomic indexes of different growths and the photosynthetic index data by using SPSS to obtain a corresponding yield prediction model (as follows), wherein the fitting accuracy is good, and the figure is shown in figure 3 and figure 4. The prediction model can be directly applied to the yield prediction of the purple green vegetable water culture management technology.
(1) Yield equation based on photosynthetic index:
y1 (g/strain) 90.717 × Pn +2026.0 × gs +6.864 × Ci-607.662 × Tr-2478.875 (precision R2＝0.924)
In the above formula, the net photosynthetic rate Pn is reasonably selected to be in the range of 1-5 mu mol CO2/m2S; the reasonable value range of the transpiration rate Tr is 1-5mmol H2O/m2S; the reasonable value range of the porosity gas conductivity gs is 0.3-1.0mol H2O/m2S; the reasonable value range of the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Ci is 200-2/m2/s。
(2) Yield equation based on growth index:
y2 (g/strain) 44.519H-164.407NL +67.287RL-102.086RW +662.880 (precision R)2＝0.951)
In the above formula, the reasonable value range of the root length RL is 10-40 cm; the reasonable value range of the root weight RW is 3-20 cm; the reasonable value range of the plant height H is 10-30 cm; the number NL of leaves is reasonably in the range of 7-15 leaves.
In the subsequent water culture process, the current photosynthetic index parameter or growth index parameter is measured, and the current yield of the purple cabbage can be calculated by using a yield prediction model, so that the subsequent cultivation condition parameters needing to be adjusted are obtained in a guiding manner.
In conclusion, the technical method for hydroponics of the purple green vegetables provided by the invention can improve the growth characters of the purple green vegetables, increase the anthocyanin content and yield and improve the commodity value of the purple green vegetables.
The invention provides a thought and a method of water culture management of purple green vegetables, and a plurality of methods and ways for realizing the technical scheme are provided, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the invention, and it should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, a plurality of improvements and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the invention, and the improvements and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the invention. All the components not specified in the present embodiment can be realized by the prior art.
Claims (10)
1. A water culture management method for purple vegetables is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) soil culture seedling
The purple green vegetable seeds are uniformly and directly sowed in dry land soil, the water content of the soil is kept to be 28.0-30%, and the basic properties of the soil are as follows: the pH value is 5.5-7.0, the soil temperature is 25-27 ℃, the soil salt content is 0.1-0.3ms/cm, the organic matter is 1.5-2.0%, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is more than or equal to 80mg/kg, the available phosphorus is more than or equal to 80mg/kg, and the available potassium is more than or equal to 90.0 mg/kg;
(2) transplanting method
Selecting strong seedlings to transplant into a device filled with hydroponic liquid in a greenhouse, wherein the outdoor daytime temperature is about 18 +/-0.5 ℃ and the humidity is 60-65% during transplanting; the temperature at night is 15 +/-1 ℃, and the humidity is 60-65%; the average temperature in the greenhouse is about 25-28 ℃, and the humidity is 50-60%;
(3) environmental control management
Managing the hydroponic solution, air environment factors and illumination;
(4) establishing a yield prediction model of the purple vegetables under the cultivation condition;
(5) and adjusting subsequent purple green vegetable cultivation condition parameters by using a yield prediction model.
2. The water culture management method for the purple vegetables according to claim 1, wherein when the purple vegetables are cultured in the soil, in order to promote the growth of strong seedlings, the purple vegetables are cultured in clear weather from the bottom of 9 months to the beginning of 10 months; the outdoor daytime temperature is about 25 +/-0.5 ℃, and the humidity is 65-70%; the temperature at night is 18 +/-1 ℃, and the humidity is 80-90%.
3. The water culture management method of the brassica rapa pekinensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the transplanting process, the weather is clear from the bottom of 10 months to the beginning of 11 months, and when the number of leaves is more than 5 and the plant height is not less than 6cm, strong seedlings are selected to be transplanted to a water culture device in a greenhouse; washing the root system with clear water during transplanting; the hydroponic devices are sterilized.
4. The water culture management method of the purple cabbage according to claim 1, wherein the pH of the water culture solution is 7.9-8.3, the salinity is 995-1253mg/L, and the T is 19-24 ℃; 2g N was added to 10L of fresh hydroponic medium dilution and replaced every 10 days.
5. The hydroponic culture management method for the purple vegetables according to claim 4, wherein in the hydroponic solution, oxygen is supplemented and the microorganisms grow periodically at 8:00 am in the first three weeks, and the circulation is stopped at 17:00 pm; supplementing oxygen and growing microorganisms periodically and circularly at 8:30 in the morning three weeks later, and stopping circulation at 18:00 in the afternoon; when the plant height is 15 +/-0.3 cm, replacing the nutrient solution once in 7 days; the new hydroponic liquid is disinfected by ultraviolet every time.
6. The water culture management method for the purple vegetables according to claim 4, characterized in that the purple vegetables are cultured in water by adopting a pipeline, the pipe diameter is 63mm, and the planting hole diameter is 32 mm; the hydroponic liquid stock solution contains 190.62g N and 70.15g P per 500ml2O5、279.22g K2O, 80.12g MgO, 217.35g CaO, 64.35g sulfur, 5.20g iron, 0.49g boron, 0.67g manganese, 0.045g zinc, 0.02g copper, 0.007g molybdenum.
7. The water culture management method for the purple vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the air environmental factors comprise temperature, humidity and CO in the air2：
According to the following table, the temperature, humidity and CO in air are measured2Working environmentManagement:
wherein by adding CO2Growth regulator for regulating CO in air2And (4) concentration.
8. The water culture management method for the purple vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the light control management is performed according to the following table:
if the illumination is not enough, a full-spectrum plant light supplement lamp is used for supplementing light.
9. The water culture management method for the purple vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the yield prediction model is a function fitting processing with yield according to any one group of photosynthetic index parameters or growth index parameters, so as to obtain a fitting function of the yield and the photosynthetic index parameters or growth index parameters, and the fitting function is used as a current purple vegetable yield prediction model;
and predicting the yield of the purple vegetables based on the photosynthetic indexes:
y1 (g/strain) 90.717Pn +2026.0gs +6.864Ci-607.662Tr-2478.875
Wherein the net photosynthetic rate Pn ranges from 1 to 5 mu mol CO2/m2S; the transpiration rate Tr is 1-5mmol H2O/m2S; the value range of the porosity gas conductivity gs is 0.3-1.0mol H2O/m2S; the value range of the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Ci is 200-2/m2/s；
And (3) predicting the yield of the purple vegetables based on the growth indexes:
y2 (g/strain) 44.519H-164.407NL +67.287RL-102.086RW +662.880
In the formula, the value range of the root length RL is 10-40 cm; the root weight RW value range is 3-20 cm; the value range of the plant height H is 10-30 cm; the number NL of leaves ranges from 7 to 15.
10. The water culture management method for purple vegetables according to claim 1, wherein current photosynthetic index parameters or growth index parameters are measured, and the yield of current purple vegetables is calculated by using a yield prediction model, so as to obtain cultivation condition parameters to be adjusted.
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