CN115428637A - Illumination-water-fertilizer comprehensive planting system and planting method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a light-water-fertilizer planting system and a planting method of a multi-layer planting and cultivation frame, which need to adopt intelligent facilities and equipment of the Internet of Things. Based on the sensor detection of light and soil environment parameters, the detection data is input to the plant growth environment model in the comparison database, and the environmental parameters are automatically adjusted. The LED supplementary light equipment performs plant growth band spectral supplementation on plants in rainy weather. The soil lacks nutrients, and the water and fertilizer integrated equipment supplements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and adjusts the pH value. Realize the precision agriculture program, reduce the workload and energy consumption, and adjust the environment regularly and quantitatively. It can be widely used in various crops such as vegetables, fruits, and Chinese herbal medicines to ensure the healthy growth of plants.

Description

A light-water-fertilizer integrated planting system and its planting method

technical field

The invention relates to the field of precision agricultural planting, in particular to a light-water-fertilizer integrated planting system and a planting method thereof.

Background technique

The daily demand for crop growth in southern greenhouses is long, and the photoperiod needs to reach 12 hours. The hot weather in summer is in a state of rest, and the production period is basically concentrated in the first and second half of the year. Since the crops are planted inside the greenhouse, the light duration and light intensity in spring and autumn cannot reach the saturation light intensity of the crops, which weakens the photosynthesis of the crops and enters the greenhouse. In order to promote the enhancement of photosynthesis, LED light sources are used to supplement light to meet the needs of crop growth for light, adjust the growth cycle, help plant roots absorb nutrients from the soil, and promote crops to reach maturity in advance. However, as the light effect increases, the demand for nutrients for crop growth also increases, including the rational use of water and air fertilizers, so it is necessary to manage fertilizers in the cultivation process in advance.

Therefore, a crop self-adaptive LED light supplement technology is needed, which can adjust the self-light according to the external light intensity to make the crop growth reach the best state, and the water and fertilizer equipment can supplement the corresponding nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in time with the increase of plant photosynthesis. The light-water-fertilizer planting scheme of the present invention can provide technical support for precision agricultural planting.

Contents of the invention

A light-water-fertilizer integrated planting system, including a cultivation frame, a mother liquid tank A, a mother liquid tank B, a controller group, a mixing tank and a fertilizer delivery solenoid valve;

The upper end of the cultivation frame is provided with a fertilizer injection port, and the fertilizer injection port is connected with the fertilizer output end of the mixing tank through a fertilizer delivery pipeline; the lower end of the cultivation frame is connected with the fertilizer input end of the mixing tank through a fertilizer return pipeline; the mother liquor tank A and the solution in the mother liquid tank B are transported to the mixing tank through the fertilizer delivery pipeline, and the fertilizer concentration in the mixing tank is the fertilizer concentration finally provided to the crops; the fertilizer delivery pipeline is also connected with a controller group and a fertilizer delivery solenoid valve ;

The cultivation frame is a hollow structure, including several rectangular cultivation pipes and columns used to fix and communicate with the rectangular cultivation pipes; the rectangular cultivation pipes are provided with LED supplementary light and sensor groups; the LED supplementary light Both the sensor group and the sensor group are connected to the controller group control.

As a preferred solution of the present invention, the controller group includes a water and fertilizer integrated controller and a terminal computer controller; the terminal computer controller is used to receive the information fed back by the sensor group and directly control the LED supplementary light according to the information fed back by the sensor group. It can supplement light and can control the water and fertilizer integrated controller to regulate the fertilizer delivery solenoid valve.

As a preferred solution of the present invention, the inside of the cultivation frame is provided with PVC pipes for fertilizer flow; the PVC pipes are provided with a number of drip holes for fertilizer irrigation.

As a preferred solution of the present invention, the sensor group includes a light sensor capable of detecting light intensity in the greenhouse and a soil fertility sensor capable of detecting soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, soil pH and soil EC.

As a preferred solution of the present invention, the LED supplementary light can adjust the light intensity, and the LED supplementary light has four light sources: full-spectrum white light, 450nm blue light, 660nm red light, and 730nm infrared light.

As a preferred solution of the present invention, the controller group includes a water and fertilizer integrated controller and a terminal computer controller; the terminal computer controller has a plant characteristic database stored in advance. The plant characteristic database is the environmental information required by the plant growth stage, including the saturation intensity of light, the range of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, the range of soil pH value and the range of soil EC value.

The present invention also provides a planting method of the light-water-fertilizer integrated planting system, comprising the following steps:

1) Select the crops to be cultivated, obtain the corresponding plant growth model data from the existing plant characteristic database, and set the corresponding plant growth model data in the controller group;

2) Cultivate the selected crops into the cultivation frame for cultivation;

3) Collect the environmental information of crop growth, and transmit the information to the controller group;

4) The controller group analyzes and processes the collected environmental information, and regulates the crop growth environment according to the processing results to ensure the growth of crops.

As a preferred version of the present invention, step 3) is specifically:

The sensor group collects the light intensity in the greenhouse, soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, soil PH and soil EC in real time, and transmits the collected information to the controller group.

As a preferred version of the present invention, step 4) is specifically:

The controller group receives the real-time collected information, analyzes and processes the real-time collected information, controls the switch of the fertilizer delivery solenoid valve and the LED supplementary light according to the processed information, and fertilizes and supplements the light for the crops;

When insufficient light intensity is detected, the controller group calculates the required light supplementary intensity by subtracting the detected light intensity from the light saturation intensity value, and controls the LED supplementary light to supplement light;

When the lack of fertility in the soil is detected, the controller group controls the fertilizer delivery solenoid valve to open, and controls the fertilizer in the mother liquid tank A and mother liquid tank B to be input into the mixing tank in proportion, and then transported to the soil after being mixed in the mixing tank; At the same time, the seeped fertilizer return liquid is recovered to the mixing tank through the fertilizer return pipe to realize recycling.

The beneficial effects that the present invention possesses are:

The arrangement of the mother liquid tank A, the mother liquid tank B and the mixing tank in the light-water-fertilizer comprehensive planting system provided by the present invention can reduce the precipitation of the element cable; the controller group controls the concentration of each element in the fertilizer according to the needs of different plants in different growth stages. At the same time, the oozing fertilizer reflux liquid is recovered to the mixing tank through the fertilizer return pipeline to realize recycling. The sensor group (5) is arranged to monitor the information of the plant growth environment in real time, and regulate the plant growth environment through the controller group, so as to ensure the growth of the plants. The light-water-fertilizer integrated planting system provided by the invention greatly improves work efficiency, and has a simple structure, is convenient to use, has high fertilization efficiency and good uniformity, effectively reduces the labor intensity of planters, and saves costs.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the flow chart of light-water and fertilizer integrated planting scheme;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of light-water and fertilizer integrated planting system;

Fig. 3 is a sensor group monitoring data system interface diagram;

In the figure: 1. Cultivation frame; 2. LED fill light; 3. Column; 4. Fertilizer injection port; 5. Sensor group; 6. Fertilizer return pipeline; 7. Mother liquid tank A; 8. Mother liquid tank B; 9. Water and fertilizer integrated controller; 10. Fertilizer conveying solenoid valve; 11. Terminal computer controller; 12. Mixing tank.

detailed description

The present invention will be further elaborated and described below in combination with specific embodiments. The embodiments are merely exemplary of the disclosure and do not delineate the scope of limitation. The technical features of the various implementations in the present invention can be combined accordingly on the premise that there is no conflict with each other.

Seeds must be germinated at low temperature. Put the seeds in a low-temperature culture room for germination, keep a humid environment, and control the temperature at about 10°C. After 24 hours, place the seeds in a cool place to keep warm and germinate. And carry out LED supplementary light, 20cm from the height of the seedling tray. After the crops have grown to two leaves and one core, they are transplanted to the cultivation frame of the light-water and fertilizer integrated planting system, and the planting row spacing is 10cm*20cm.

Embodiment one

Lettuce: Obtain the model data of the lettuce growth stage from the existing plant characteristic database, and set the model data of the lettuce growth stage in the controller group; the sensor group starts to collect the information of the cultivation frame; collect the current natural light intensity through the sensor group, When the light intensity does not reach the set value, the LED light source is used to supplement the light. The light intensity value is the set value minus the current sensor measurement value, and the photoperiod is 12h/d. Among them, the LED supplementary light is divided into 4 kinds of full-spectrum white light, 450nm blue light, 660nm red light, and 730nm infrared light. Set the total light intensity (the maximum setting of the 4 kinds of wavebands is 200, 200, 200, 200), and control the ratio of red and blue of the LED light source to 4:1. According to the detected fertility information in the substrate, nutrient regulation is performed on the missing elements, and the mother liquid irrigation A and the mother liquid irrigation B are mixed into the mixing tank. The water and fertilizer integrated machine extracts the fertilizer in the mixing tank and pours it into the substrate from the fertilizer injection port of the cultivation frame. Prevent excessive N element (HNO) from reducing yield. Fertilizer flows downward from the top layer through the internal PVC pipe, and returns to the mother liquor mixing tank through the fertilizer return pipe for recycling, so that nutrients are maintained in the matrix of all planting areas, and the relative humidity of the root system is 90%-100%. In order to keep the soil matrix stable and consistent, supplement the nutrient solution required by the root system according to the detection of the soil sensor to ensure that the pH value is 5.5-6. When the seedling has 3 or 4 true leaves, adjust the EC value to 2mS/cm, and adjust it according to the value detected by the sensor group.

Embodiment two

Tomato: Obtain the model data of the tomato growth stage from the existing plant characteristic database, and set the model data of the tomato growth cycle in the controller group; the sensor group starts to collect the information of the cultivation frame; according to the water and fertilizer data required for tomato growth , A and B mother liquid irrigation are mixed to prepare tomato nutrient solution and transported to the tomato root. The nutrient solution is adjusted according to the tomato growth cycle, including the growth period, flowering period, and fruit bearing period; the fertilizer in mother solution irrigation A and mother solution B is adjusted to enter the mixing tank The ratio of fertilizer distribution adjusts nitrogen fixation as well as dissolved phosphorus and potassium capacity. Rational application of fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. According to different tomato growth periods, the proportion of fertilizers in mother liquor irrigation A and mother liquor irrigation B entering the mixing tank should be reasonably allocated; the fertilizer configured in mother liquor tank A is 108kg of calcium nitrate and 28kg of calcium chloride per 1000L of water. 3L. The fertilizer configured in the mother liquor tank B is 10kg of potassium nitrate, 13.5kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 35kg of potassium sulfate, 70kg of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 150g of zinc, 144g of manganese, 76g of copper, 484g of borax and 24g of sodium molybdate for every 1000L of water. If the amount of chemical fertilizer is controlled and the use of a single fertilizer is avoided as much as possible, the loss of fertilizer will be greatly reduced. If conditions permit, biofertilizers can be used in combination with organic fertilizers, which provide better nitrogen fixation and dissolved phosphorus and potassium. And the current natural light intensity is collected through the sensor group. When the light intensity does not reach the set value, the LED light source is used to supplement the light.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation modes of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but should not be construed as limiting the patent scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A light-water and fertilizer comprehensive planting system is characterized in that, comprises cultivation frame (1), mother liquid tank A (7), mother liquid tank B (8), controller group, mixing tank (12) and fertilizer delivery electromagnetic valve (10); The upper end of the cultivation frame (1) is provided with a fertilizer injection port (4), and the fertilizer injection port (4) is connected with the fertilizer output end of the mixing tank (12) through a fertilizer delivery pipeline; the lower end of the cultivation frame (1) passes through The fertilizer return pipeline (6) is connected with the fertilizer input end of the mixing tank (12); the solution in the mother liquor tank A (7) and the mother liquor tank B (8) is delivered to the mixing tank through the fertilizer delivery pipeline, and the fertilizer concentration in the mixing tank That is, the fertilizer concentration finally provided to crops; the fertilizer delivery pipeline is also connected with a controller group and a fertilizer delivery solenoid valve (10); The cultivation frame (1) is a hollow structure, including several rectangular cultivation pipes and columns (3) for fixing and communicating with the rectangular cultivation pipes; LED supplementary lights (2) and The sensor group (5); the LED supplementary light (2) and the sensor group (5) are all connected to the controller group for control. 2. A kind of illumination-water and fertilizer comprehensive planting system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described controller group comprises water and fertilizer integrated controller (9) and terminal computer controller (11); Said terminal computer controller (11) It is used to receive the information fed back by the sensor group and directly control the LED supplementary light according to the information fed back by the sensor group (2) to supplement the light and control the water and fertilizer integrated controller (9) to regulate the fertilizer delivery solenoid valve (10) . 3. A kind of illumination-water and fertilizer comprehensive planting system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described cultivation rack (1) interior is provided with the PVC pipeline that is used for fertilizer flow; The PVC pipeline is provided with some drips that are convenient to fertilizer irrigation. feed hole. 4. A kind of illumination-water and fertilizer comprehensive planting system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described sensor group (5) comprises the illumination sensor that can detect the illumination intensity in greenhouse and can detect soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, soil Soil fertility sensor for pH and soil EC. 5. A lighting-water and fertilizer integrated planting system according to claim 1, characterized in that the LED supplementary light (2) can adjust the light intensity, and the LED supplementary light has full-spectrum white light, 450nm blue light, and 660nm red light. Light, 730nm infrared four light sources. 6. A kind of illumination-water and fertilizer integrated planting system according to claim 1, characterized in that, said controller group comprises a water and fertilizer integrated controller (9) and a terminal computer controller (11); said terminal computer controller (11) A database of plant characteristics is stored in advance. 7. A kind of light-water-fertilizer integrated planting system according to claim 6, characterized in that, the plant characteristic database is the environmental information required for the plant growth stage, including light saturation intensity, soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content range, soil PH value range and soil EC value range. 8. A planting method based on the light-water and fertilizer integrated planting system described in claim 1, characterized in that, comprising the steps of: 1) Select the crops to be cultivated, obtain the corresponding plant growth model data from the existing plant characteristic database, and set the corresponding plant growth model data in the controller group; 2) Cultivate the selected crops into the cultivation frame for cultivation; 3) Collect the environmental information of crop growth, and transmit the information to the controller group; 4) The controller group analyzes and processes the collected environmental information, and regulates the crop growth environment according to the processing results to ensure the growth of crops. 9. planting method according to claim 8, is characterized in that, step 3) is specially: The sensor group (5) collects the light intensity in the greenhouse, soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, soil PH and soil EC in real time, and transmits the collected information to the controller group. 10. planting method according to claim 8, is characterized in that, step 4) is specially: The controller group receives the information collected in real time, analyzes and processes the information collected in real time, controls the fertilizer delivery solenoid valve (10) and the switch of the LED supplementary light according to the processed information, and fertilizes and supplements the light to the crops; When insufficient light intensity is detected, the controller group calculates the required light supplementary intensity by subtracting the detected light intensity from the light saturation intensity value, and controls the LED supplementary light to supplement light; When detecting the lack of fertility in the soil, the controller group controls the fertilizer delivery electromagnetic valve (10) to open, and controls the fertilizer in the mother liquor tank A and mother liquor tank B to be input in the mixing tank (12) in proportion, through the mixing tank (12 ) after being mixed and transported to the soil; at the same time, the oozing fertilizer return liquid is recovered to the mixing tank (12) through the fertilizer return pipe (6) to realize recycling.

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