CN114643752A - 一种耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114643752A
CN114643752A CN202210263634.0A CN202210263634A CN114643752A CN 114643752 A CN114643752 A CN 114643752A CN 202210263634 A CN202210263634 A CN 202210263634A CN 114643752 A CN114643752 A CN 114643752A
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fabric
fiber
carbon fiber
modified carbon
heat
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CN114643752B (zh
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程冰莹
钱坤
徐阳
吴焕岭
王婷婷
徐国华
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Yancheng Chuangnengxin Shielding Material Co ltd
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Yancheng Chuangnengxin Shielding Material Co ltd
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    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法,具体涉及消防设备技术领域。本发明中采用高分子碳纤维预氧丝经过改性后和改性芳纶纤维经纺织工艺制成外层面料;夹层采用纯改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维经非织造加水刺工艺加工成隔热毛毡;里层采用PTFE长丝基布加覆PTFE膜工艺制成贴身层面料;经裁剪缝制加工生产成具备多功能新型消防救援服;在制备过程中采用超声、微波加热改性、γ射线辐照改性,可有效将聚丙烯腈原丝进行多重预氧化改性处理,改性后的聚丙烯腈原丝可以在较短时间内达到适合的预氧化程度,并且改善聚丙烯腈预氧纤维径向结构的均匀性,由此获得热稳定性更高的改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维。

Description

一种耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及消防设备技术领域,更具体地说,本发明涉及一种耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法。
背景技术
由于自然灾害的颇发,城市范围的不断扩大,天然气管道、液化气钢瓶老化,各种传统取暖、烧饭、各类家用电器长时间疲劳使用,人们消防安全意识的淡薄带来诸多消防安全隐患,时常导致住宅火灾、企业火灾、车辆火灾、森林火灾的发生。而无论是什么火灾现场在消防救援过程中采取什么方法如:高压超长水枪或无人机等现代化装备灭火救援,最终还需要人员进入火场救人救物,所以救火现场消防人员的安全防护就尤为重要。
目前虽然有各种各样的消防救援服在使用,但由于耐火时间短(国家标准12s以内不燃烧、无溶滴)、燃烧耐火时间短,耐温度低(260℃以下)、隔热、透湿、透气和拒水效果差等缺陷导致无法满足长时间救火救援现场操作而一直困扰着消防官兵和研发人员。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的上述缺陷,本发明的实施例提供一种耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法。
一种耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法,具体制备步骤如下:
步骤一:原料A经过进行配比、混合、纺纱、织造工艺织造成外层面料;
步骤二:原料B经水刺工艺制成毛毡做隔热缓冲中间夹层;
步骤三:将聚四氟乙烯长丝加捻织造成基布,再将基布上通过热熔工艺覆上一层聚四氟乙烯膜,制成拒水、透气、透湿的贴身内层面料;
步骤四:将外层面料、隔热缓冲中间夹层、贴身内层面料经服装裁剪、缝制工艺加工,得到耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服。
进一步的,在步骤一中,外层面料的制备过程如下:原料A配比、混合、纺纱制成28支纱线、并线制成28支双股线、使用整经机进行整经处理、使用穿经机进行穿经处理、在纺线轴上进行上轴加工、将经轴在梭织机上通过梭子导纬纱,交织成坯布、对坯布进行印染加工处理、对面料进行检验、对面料进行修复、对面料进行打卷、对面料进行包装,得到外层面料;外层面料单位重量为230g/㎡;
进一步的,在步骤二中,隔热缓冲中间夹层制备过程如下:原料B通过抓棉机进行抓棉处理、通过铺网机进行铺网处理、通过水刺机进行水刺处理、使用热轧机进行热轧定型处理、对面料进行检验、对面料进行修复、对面料进行打卷、对面料进行包装,得到隔热缓冲中间夹层;隔热缓冲中间夹层厚度为6~8mm,单位重量为120g/㎡;
进一步的,在步骤三中,贴身内层面料的制备过程如下:聚四氟乙烯长丝使用整经机进行整经处理、使用穿经机进行穿经处理、在纺线轴上进行上轴加工、将经轴在梭织机上通过梭子导纬纱,交织成坯布、对坯布进行印染加工处理、对面料进行检验、对面料进行修复、对面料进行打卷,使用聚四氟乙烯膜经热熔后覆合到聚四氟乙烯面料上、使用热轧机进行热轧定型处理、对面料进行检验、对面料进行修复、对面料进行打卷包装;贴身内层面料单位重量为100g/㎡,上述聚四氟乙烯膜厚度为30~60um,上述聚四氟乙烯膜孔径为0.2~0.4um;
进一步的,在步骤四中,将外层面料通过裁剪缝制成消防服外第一层,再将隔热缓冲夹层和贴身内层面料经裁剪缝制在一起形成一个整体;分别在外层面料和隔热缓冲夹层和贴身内层面料缝合一体的结合部位各自缝上拉链,插上拉链头,形成了一件完整的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服;
在步骤一中的所述原料A按照重量百分比计算包括:13.5~14.5%的改性芳纶纤维,其余为改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维;在步骤二中的原料B为改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维;所述改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维按照重量百分比计算包括:34.6~35.6%的聚丙烯腈、9.6~10.6%的氯酸钾、8.6~9.6%的过氧化氢、4.6~5.6%的氨水,其余为去离子水,所述氨水的浓度为23%;改性芳纶纤维按照重量百分比计算包括:29.6~30.6%的芳纶纳米纤维、4.6~5.6%的聚乙烯醇、0.9~1.3%的氧化石墨烯、0.8~1.4%的硅烷偶联剂A172,其余为二氧六环;
所述改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维的制备工艺,具体制备步骤如下:
S1:按照上述重量百分比,称取聚丙烯腈、氯酸钾、过氧化氢、氨水和去离子水;
S2:将聚丙烯腈、氯酸钾、过氧化氢、氨水和去离子水进行共混,同时超声处理10~20分钟,得到基料;
S3:将步骤S2中三分之一的基料进行微波加热处理50~70分钟,得到改性碳纤维预氧丝料a;
S4:将步骤S2中三分之一的基料在惰性气体环境下进行γ射线辐照处理20~30分钟,得到改性碳纤维预氧丝料b;
S5:将步骤S2中剩余的基料同时在惰性气体环境下进行微波加热和γ射线辐照处理15~25分钟,得到改性碳纤维预氧丝料c;
S6:将步骤S3中的改性碳纤维预氧丝料a、步骤S4中的改性碳纤维预氧丝料b和步骤S5中的改性碳纤维预氧丝料c进行共混,同时超声处理20~30分钟,得到改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维;
所述改性芳纶纤维的制备工艺,具体制备步骤如下:
(1):按照上述重量百分比,称取芳纶纳米纤维、聚乙烯醇、氧化石墨烯、硅烷偶联剂A172和二氧六环;
(2):将芳纶纳米纤维、氧化石墨烯、硅烷偶联剂A172和二氧六环进行共混,同时水浴超声处理20~30分钟,得到混合料;
(3):将步骤(2)中制得的混合料与步骤(1)中的聚乙烯醇进行共混,同时水浴超声处理10~20分钟,得到纺丝液;
(4):将步骤(3)中的纺丝液进行干法纺丝法进行纺丝处理,得到改性芳纶纤维。
进一步的,所述原料A按照重量百分比计算包括:13.5%的改性芳纶纤维,86.5%的改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维;所述改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维按照重量百分比计算包括:34.6%的聚丙烯腈、9.6%的氯酸钾、8.6%的过氧化氢、4.6%的氨水、42.6%的去离子水;改性芳纶纤维按照重量百分比计算包括:29.6%的芳纶纳米纤维、4.6%的聚乙烯醇、0.9%的氧化石墨烯、0.8%的硅烷偶联剂A172、64.1%的二氧六环。
进一步的,所述原料A按照重量百分比计算包括:14.0%的改性芳纶纤维,86.0%的改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维;所述改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维按照重量百分比计算包括:35.1%的聚丙烯腈、10.1%的氯酸钾、9.1%的过氧化氢、5.1%的氨水、40.6%的去离子水;改性芳纶纤维按照重量百分比计算包括:30.1%的芳纶纳米纤维、5.1%的聚乙烯醇、1.1%的氧化石墨烯、1.1%的硅烷偶联剂A172、62.6%的二氧六环。
进一步的,在步骤S2中,超声处理频率为1.5~1.7MHz,功率为400~500W;在步骤S3中,微波频率为1800~1900MHz,微波输出功率密度为110~120mW/cm3,加热温度为230~250℃;在步骤S4中,γ射线辐照的剂量率为12~14kGy/s;在步骤S5中,微波频率为1800~1900MHz,微波输出功率密度为110~120mW/cm3,加热温度为230~250℃,γ射线辐照的剂量率为12~14kGy/s;在步骤S6中,超声处理频率为20~24KHz,功率为1000~1100W;在步骤(2)中,水浴温度为50~70℃,超声处理频率为20~24KHz,功率为1000~1100W;在步骤(3)中,超声处理频率为1.5~1.7MHz,功率为400~500W;在步骤(4)中,干法纺丝的纺丝速度为1.6~1.8km/min。
进一步的,在步骤S2中,超声处理频率为1.6MHz,功率为450W;在步骤S3中,微波频率为1850MHz,微波输出功率密度为115mW/cm3,加热温度为240℃;在步骤S4中,γ射线辐照的剂量率为13kGy/s;在步骤S5中,微波频率为1850MHz,微波输出功率密度为115mW/cm3,加热温度为240℃,γ射线辐照的剂量率为13kGy/s;在步骤S6中,超声处理频率为22KHz,功率为1050W;在步骤(2)中,水浴温度为60℃,超声处理频率为22KHz,功率为1050W;在步骤(3)中,超声处理频率为1.6MHz,功率为450W;在步骤(4)中,干法纺丝的纺丝速度为1.7km/min。
本发明的技术效果和优点:
1、采用本发明的制备方法制备的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服,在步骤一中,采用高分子碳纤维预氧丝经过改性后和芳纶纤维经纺织工艺制成外层面料;在步骤二中,夹层采用纯改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维经非织造加水刺工艺加工成隔热毛毡;在步骤三中,里层采用PTFE长丝基布加覆PTFE膜工艺制成贴身层面料;在步骤四中,经裁剪缝制加工生产成具备多功能新型消防救援服;本发明中的改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维采用聚丙烯腈为原料,使用氯酸钾和过氧化氢作为改性剂,氨水作为改性助剂,在制备过程中采用超声处理、微波加热改性处理、γ射线辐照改性处理以及微波加热与γ射线辐照共用改性处理,可有效将聚丙烯腈原丝进行多重预氧化改性处理;氯酸钾改性聚丙烯腈,改性后微波预氧化所得预氧丝具有更优的力学性能和更高的预氧化程度;过氧化氢可引发氰基环化,末端环发生亚胺、烯胺互变异构;使用氨水作为助剂获得改性聚丙烯腈原丝,与未改性聚丙烯腈原丝经历相同的预氧化进程,改性后的聚丙烯腈原丝可以在较短时间内达到适合的预氧化程度,并且改善聚丙烯腈预氧纤维径向结构的均匀性,由此获得热稳定性更高的改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维;
2、本发明在制备改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维的过程中,在步骤S1中,称取改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维的原料;在步骤S2中,采用1.5MHz、400W超声处理加强改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维原料的混合处理效果,使得内部原料接触更加充分均匀;在步骤S3中,微波加热改性处理得到改性碳纤维预氧丝料a;在步骤S4中,γ射线辐照改性处理得到改性碳纤维预氧丝料b;在步骤S5中,微波加热和γ射线辐照共同改性处理得到改性碳纤维预氧丝料c;在步骤S6中,对改性碳纤维预氧丝料a、改性碳纤维预氧丝料b和改性碳纤维预氧丝料c进行20KHz、1000W超声共混处理对三种不同改性碳纤维预氧丝料进行复配混合,制成改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1:
本发明提供了一种耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法,具体制备步骤如下:
步骤一:原料A经过配比、混合、纺纱制成28支纱线、并线制成28支双股线、使用整经机进行整经处理、使用穿经机进行穿经处理、在纺线轴上进行上轴加工、将经轴在梭织机上通过梭子导纬纱,交织成坯布、对坯布进行印染加工处理、对面料进行检验、对面料进行修复、对面料进行打卷、对面料进行包装,得到外层面料;外层面料单位重量为230g/㎡;
步骤二:原料B经原料B通过抓棉机进行抓棉处理、通过铺网机进行铺网处理、通过水刺机进行水刺处理、使用热轧机进行热轧定型处理、对面料进行检验、对面料进行修复、对面料进行打卷、对面料进行包装,得到隔热缓冲中间夹层;隔热缓冲中间夹层厚度为6~8mm,单位重量为120g/㎡;
步骤三:将聚四氟乙烯长丝使用整经机进行整经处理、使用穿经机进行穿经处理、在纺线轴上进行上轴加工、将经轴在梭织机上通过梭子导纬纱,交织成坯布、对坯布进行印染加工处理、对面料进行检验、对面料进行修复、对面料进行打卷,使用聚四氟乙烯膜经热熔后覆合到聚四氟乙烯面料上、使用热轧机进行热轧定型处理、对面料进行检验、对面料进行修复、对面料进行打卷包装,制成拒水、透气、透湿的贴身内层面料;贴身内层面料单位重量为100g/㎡,上述聚四氟乙烯膜厚度为30~60um,上述聚四氟乙烯膜孔径为0.2~0.4um;
步骤四:将外层面料通过裁剪缝制成消防服外第一层,再将隔热缓冲夹层和贴身内层面料经裁剪缝制在一起形成一个整体;分别在外层面料和隔热缓冲夹层和贴身内层面料缝合一体的结合部位各自缝上拉链,插上拉链头,形成了一件完整的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服;
所述原料A按照重量百分比计算包括:13.5%的改性芳纶纤维,86.5%的改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维;所述改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维按照重量百分比计算包括:34.6%的聚丙烯腈、9.6%的氯酸钾、8.6%的过氧化氢、4.6%的氨水、42.6%的去离子水,所述氨水的浓度为23%;改性芳纶纤维按照重量百分比计算包括:29.6%的芳纶纳米纤维、4.6%的聚乙烯醇、0.9%的氧化石墨烯、0.8%的硅烷偶联剂A172、64.1%的二氧六环;
所述改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维的制备工艺,具体制备步骤如下:
S1:按照上述重量百分比,称取聚丙烯腈、氯酸钾、过氧化氢、氨水和去离子水;
S2:将聚丙烯腈、氯酸钾、过氧化氢、氨水和去离子水进行共混,同时超声处理10分钟,得到基料;
S3:将步骤S2中三分之一的基料进行微波加热处理50分钟,得到改性碳纤维预氧丝料a;
S4:将步骤S2中三分之一的基料在惰性气体环境下进行γ射线辐照处理20分钟,得到改性碳纤维预氧丝料b;
S5:将步骤S2中剩余的基料同时在惰性气体环境下进行微波加热和γ射线辐照处理15分钟,得到改性碳纤维预氧丝料c;
S6:将步骤S3中的改性碳纤维预氧丝料a、步骤S4中的改性碳纤维预氧丝料b和步骤S5中的改性碳纤维预氧丝料c进行共混,同时超声处理20分钟,得到改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维;
所述改性芳纶纤维的制备工艺,具体制备步骤如下:
(1):按照上述重量百分比,称取芳纶纳米纤维、聚乙烯醇、氧化石墨烯、硅烷偶联剂A172和二氧六环;
(2):将芳纶纳米纤维、氧化石墨烯、硅烷偶联剂A172和二氧六环进行共混,同时水浴超声处理20分钟,得到混合料;
(3):将步骤(2)中制得的混合料与步骤(1)中的聚乙烯醇进行共混,同时水浴超声处理10分钟,得到纺丝液;
(4):将步骤(3)中的纺丝液进行干法纺丝法进行纺丝处理,得到改性芳纶纤维。
在步骤S2中,超声处理频率为1.5MHz,功率为400W;在步骤S3中,微波频率为1800MHz,微波输出功率密度为110mW/cm3,加热温度为230℃;在步骤S4中,γ射线辐照的剂量率为12kGy/s;在步骤S5中,微波频率为1800MHz,微波输出功率密度为110mW/cm3,加热温度为230℃,γ射线辐照的剂量率为12kGy/s;在步骤S6中,超声处理频率为20KHz,功率为1000W;在步骤(2)中,水浴温度为50℃,超声处理频率为20KHz,功率为1000W;在步骤(3)中,超声处理频率为1.5MHz,功率为400W;在步骤(4)中,干法纺丝的纺丝速度为1.6km/min。
实施例2:
与实施例1不同的是,所述原料A按照重量百分比计算包括:14.5%的改性芳纶纤维,85.5%的改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维;所述改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维按照重量百分比计算包括:35.6%的聚丙烯腈、10.6%的氯酸钾、9.6%的过氧化氢、5.6%的氨水、38.6%的去离子水;改性芳纶纤维按照重量百分比计算包括:30.6%的芳纶纳米纤维、5.6%的聚乙烯醇、1.3%的氧化石墨烯、1.4%的硅烷偶联剂A172、61.1%的二氧六环。
实施例3:
与实施例1-2均不同的是,所述原料A按照重量百分比计算包括:14.0%的改性芳纶纤维,86.0%的改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维;所述改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维按照重量百分比计算包括:35.1%的聚丙烯腈、10.1%的氯酸钾、9.1%的过氧化氢、5.1%的氨水、40.6%的去离子水;改性芳纶纤维按照重量百分比计算包括:30.1%的芳纶纳米纤维、5.1%的聚乙烯醇、1.1%的氧化石墨烯、1.1%的硅烷偶联剂A172、62.6%的二氧六环。
分别取上述实施例1-3中的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法与对照组一的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法、对照组二的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法、对照组三的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法、对照组四的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法、对照组五的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法、对照组六的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法、对照组七的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法,对照组一的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法与实施例三相比原料A中采用芳砜纶纤维替换改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维;对照组二的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法与实施例三相比原料B中采用芳砜纶纤维替换改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维;对照组三的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法与实施例三相比改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维原料中没有氯酸钾;对照组四的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法与实施例三相比改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维原料中没有过氧化氢;对照组五的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法与实施例三相比改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维原料中没有氨水;对照组六的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法与实施例三相比改性芳纶纤维原料中没有氧化石墨烯和硅烷偶联剂A172;对照组七的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法与实施例三相比改性芳纶纤维原料中没有聚乙烯醇;分十组分别测试三个实施例中加工制得的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服以及七个对照组的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法处理后的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服,进行测试,测试结果如表一所示:
表一:
Figure BDA0003550780710000081
Figure BDA0003550780710000091
由表一可知,实施例3为本发明的较佳实施方式;在步骤一中,采用高分子碳纤维预氧丝经过改性后和改性芳纶纤维经纺织工艺按一定比例加工成具备阻燃、耐火、(600℃左右,无熔滴、不燃烧)、耐撕割外层面料;在步骤二中,夹层采用纯改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维经非织造加水刺工艺加工成隔热毛毡(可耐火烧12s以上);在步骤三中,里层采用PTFE长丝基布加覆PTFE膜工艺使其具备耐腐蚀、耐酸、耐碱、透气、透湿、拒水内贴身层面料,拒水、透气、透湿的贴身面料使消防员穿着舒服;在步骤四中,经裁剪缝制加工生产成具备多功能新型消防救援服;本发明中的改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维采用聚丙烯腈为原料,使用氯酸钾和过氧化氢作为改性剂,氨水作为改性助剂,在制备过程中采用超声处理、微波加热改性处理、γ射线辐照改性处理以及微波加热与γ射线辐照共用改性处理,可有效将聚丙烯腈原丝进行多重预氧化改性处理;在微波加热处理氯酸钾和聚丙烯腈,过氧化氢改性可有效缩短预氧化时间并提高体密度,氯酸钾改性聚丙烯腈微波预氧化首先发生环化反应,然后进行脱氢和氧化反应;氯酸钾改性聚丙烯腈,改性后微波预氧化所得预氧丝具有更优的力学性能和更高的预氧化程度;过氧化氢可引发氰基环化,末端环发生亚胺、烯胺互变异构;改性温度越高,改性PAN原丝的亚氰基含量、共轭程度越大;在模拟稳定化过程中,改性聚丙烯腈原丝的类芳香伯胺可在较低温度下引发相邻氰基环化;使用氨水作为助剂获得改性聚丙烯腈原丝,与未改性聚丙烯腈原丝经历相同的预氧化进程,改性后的聚丙烯腈原丝可以在较短时间内达到适合的预氧化程度,并且改善聚丙烯腈预氧纤维径向结构的均匀性,由此获得热稳定性更高的改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维;进而保证外层面料和隔热缓冲中间夹层的隔热耐火性能;改性芳纶纤维中,采用硅烷偶联剂A172和氧化石墨烯(GO)对芳纶纳米纤维表面进行双重接枝改性处理,芳纶纳米纤维在经过二次表面改性后,使得纤维表面含氧基团增加,其化学活性提高,芳纶纳米纤维改性处理后表面存在明显的表层附着物,纤维结构无明显损伤且改善表面粗糙度;聚乙烯醇和改性后的芳纶纳米纤维进行共混后,纺丝处理得到得到以聚乙烯醇为载体,以改性纳米芳纶纳米纤维为分散相的改性芳纶纤维,可有效提高改性芳纶纤维的耐热性和热稳定性,纤维表面具有多孔结构,耐热性和热稳定性优秀;改性芳纶纤维和更改性格碳纤维预氧丝纤维进行混合纺丝,两种改性纤维进行复合,可进一步加强外层面料的防火耐高温性能。
实施例4:
本发明提供了一种耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法,具体制备步骤如下:
步骤一:原料A经过配比、混合、纺纱制成28支纱线、并线制成28支双股线、使用整经机进行整经处理、使用穿经机进行穿经处理、在纺线轴上进行上轴加工、将经轴在梭织机上通过梭子导纬纱,交织成坯布、对坯布进行印染加工处理、对面料进行检验、对面料进行修复、对面料进行打卷、对面料进行包装,得到外层面料;外层面料单位重量为230g/㎡;
步骤二:原料B经原料B通过抓棉机进行抓棉处理、通过铺网机进行铺网处理、通过水刺机进行水刺处理、使用热轧机进行热轧定型处理、对面料进行检验、对面料进行修复、对面料进行打卷、对面料进行包装,得到隔热缓冲中间夹层;隔热缓冲中间夹层厚度为6~8mm,单位重量为120g/㎡;
步骤三:将聚四氟乙烯长丝使用整经机进行整经处理、使用穿经机进行穿经处理、在纺线轴上进行上轴加工、将经轴在梭织机上通过梭子导纬纱,交织成坯布、对坯布进行印染加工处理、对面料进行检验、对面料进行修复、对面料进行打卷,使用聚四氟乙烯膜经热熔后覆合到聚四氟乙烯面料上、使用热轧机进行热轧定型处理、对面料进行检验、对面料进行修复、对面料进行打卷包装,制成拒水、透气、透湿的贴身内层面料;贴身内层面料单位重量为100g/㎡,上述聚四氟乙烯膜厚度为30~60um,上述聚四氟乙烯膜孔径为0.2~0.4um;
步骤四:将外层面料通过裁剪缝制成消防服外第一层,再将隔热缓冲夹层和贴身内层面料经裁剪缝制在一起形成一个整体;分别在外层面料和隔热缓冲夹层和贴身内层面料缝合一体的结合部位各自缝上拉链,插上拉链头,形成了一件完整的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服;
所述原料A按照重量百分比计算包括:14.0%的改性芳纶纤维,86.0%的改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维;原料B为改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维;所述改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维按照重量百分比计算包括:35.1%的聚丙烯腈、10.1%的氯酸钾、9.1%的过氧化氢、5.1%的氨水、40.6%的去离子水;改性芳纶纤维按照重量百分比计算包括:30.1%的芳纶纳米纤维、5.1%的聚乙烯醇、1.1%的氧化石墨烯、1.1%的硅烷偶联剂A172、62.6%的二氧六环;
所述改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维的制备工艺,具体制备步骤如下:
S1:按照上述重量百分比,称取聚丙烯腈、氯酸钾、过氧化氢、氨水和去离子水;
S2:将聚丙烯腈、氯酸钾、过氧化氢、氨水和去离子水进行共混,同时超声处理15分钟,得到基料;
S3:将步骤S2中三分之一的基料进行微波加热处理60分钟,得到改性碳纤维预氧丝料a;
S4:将步骤S2中三分之一的基料在惰性气体环境下进行γ射线辐照处理25分钟,得到改性碳纤维预氧丝料b;
S5:将步骤S2中剩余的基料同时在惰性气体环境下进行微波加热和γ射线辐照处理20分钟,得到改性碳纤维预氧丝料c;
S6:将步骤S3中的改性碳纤维预氧丝料a、步骤S4中的改性碳纤维预氧丝料b和步骤S5中的改性碳纤维预氧丝料c进行共混,同时超声处理25分钟,得到改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维。
在步骤S2中,超声处理频率为1.5MHz,功率为400W;在步骤S3中,微波频率为1800MHz,微波输出功率密度为110mW/cm3,加热温度为230℃;在步骤S4中,γ射线辐照的剂量率为12kGy/s;在步骤S5中,微波频率为1800MHz,微波输出功率密度为110mW/cm3,加热温度为230℃,γ射线辐照的剂量率为12kGy/s;在步骤S6中,超声处理频率为20KHz,功率为1000W;在步骤(2)中,水浴温度为50℃,超声处理频率为20KHz,功率为1000W;在步骤(3)中,超声处理频率为1.5MHz,功率为400W;在步骤(4)中,干法纺丝的纺丝速度为1.6km/min。
实施例5:
与实施例4不同的是,在步骤S2中,超声处理频率为1.7MHz,功率为500W;在步骤S3中,微波频率为1900MHz,微波输出功率密度为120mW/cm3,加热温度为250℃;在步骤S4中,γ射线辐照的剂量率为14kGy/s;在步骤S5中,微波频率为1900MHz,微波输出功率密度为120mW/cm3,加热温度为250℃,γ射线辐照的剂量率为14kGy/s;在步骤S6中,超声处理频率为24KHz,功率为1100W;在步骤(2)中,水浴温度为70℃,超声处理频率为24KHz,功率为1100W;在步骤(3)中,超声处理频率为1.7MHz,功率为500W;在步骤(4)中,干法纺丝的纺丝速度为1.8km/min。
实施例6:
与实施例4-5均不同的是,在步骤S2中,超声处理频率为1.6MHz,功率为450W;在步骤S3中,微波频率为1850MHz,微波输出功率密度为115mW/cm3,加热温度为240℃;在步骤S4中,γ射线辐照的剂量率为13kGy/s;在步骤S5中,微波频率为1850MHz,微波输出功率密度为115mW/cm3,加热温度为240℃,γ射线辐照的剂量率为13kGy/s;在步骤S6中,超声处理频率为22KHz,功率为1050W;在步骤(2)中,水浴温度为60℃,超声处理频率为22KHz,功率为1050W;在步骤(3)中,超声处理频率为1.6MHz,功率为450W;在步骤(4)中,干法纺丝的纺丝速度为1.7km/min。
分别取上述实施例4-6所制得的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法对照组八的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法、对照组九的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法、对照组十的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法、对照组十一的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法和对照组十二的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法,对照组八的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法与实施例六相比没有步骤S2的操作,对照组九的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法与实施例六相比没有步骤S3的操作,对照组十的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法与实施例六相比没有步骤S4的操作,对照组十一的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法与实施例六相比没有步骤S5的操作,对照组十二的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法与实施例六相比没有步骤S6的操作;分八组分别测试三个实施例中加工制得的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服以及五个对照组的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法处理后的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服,进行测试,测试结果如表二所示:
表二:
Figure BDA0003550780710000131
Figure BDA0003550780710000141
由表二可知,实施例6为本发明的较佳实施方式;在步骤S1中,称取改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维的原料;在步骤S2中,采用1.5MHz、400W超声处理对聚丙烯腈、氯酸钾、过氧化氢、氨水和去离子水进行共混,加强改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维原料的混合处理效果,使得内部原料接触更加充分均匀;在步骤S3中,对部分基料进行微波加热改性处理50分钟,得到微波加热改性处理的改性碳纤维预氧丝料a;在步骤S4中,对部分基料进行γ射线辐照改性处理20分钟,得到γ射线辐照改性处理的改性碳纤维预氧丝料b;在步骤S5中,对剩余基料进行微波加热和γ射线辐照共同改性处理15分钟,得到微波加热和γ射线辐照共同改性的改性碳纤维预氧丝料c;在步骤S6中,对改性碳纤维预氧丝料a、改性碳纤维预氧丝料b和改性碳纤维预氧丝料c进行20KHz、1000W超声共混处理,实现对三种不同改性碳纤维预氧丝料进行复配混合,制成改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维;在步骤(2)中,对芳纶纳米纤维、氧化石墨烯、硅烷偶联剂A172和二氧六环在60℃、22KHz、功率1050W超声条件下进行复合,二氧六环充当溶剂,可有效保证氧化石墨烯和硅烷偶联剂A172分别对芳纶纳米纤维进行表面改性处理,可有效提高芳纶纤维性能;在步骤(3)中对混合料和聚乙烯醇进行共混,在步骤(4)中对纺丝液进行纺丝处理,得到改性芳纶纤维。
需要说明的是,在本文中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法,其特征在于:具体制备步骤如下:
步骤一:原料A经过进行配比、混合、纺纱、织造工艺织造成外层面料;
步骤二:原料B经水刺工艺制成毛毡做隔热缓冲中间夹层;
步骤三:将聚四氟乙烯长丝加捻织造成基布,再将基布上通过热熔工艺覆上一层聚四氟乙烯膜,制成拒水、透气、透湿的贴身内层面料;
步骤四:将外层面料、隔热缓冲中间夹层、贴身内层面料经服装裁剪、缝制工艺加工,得到耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤一中,外层面料的制备过程如下:原料A配比、混合、纺纱制成28支纱线、并线制成28支双股线、使用整经机进行整经处理、使用穿经机进行穿经处理、在纺线轴上进行上轴加工、将经轴在梭织机上通过梭子导纬纱,交织成坯布、对坯布进行印染加工处理、对面料进行检验、对面料进行修复、对面料进行打卷、对面料进行包装,得到外层面料;外层面料单位重量为230g/㎡。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤二中,隔热缓冲中间夹层制备过程如下:原料B通过抓棉机进行抓棉处理、通过铺网机进行铺网处理、通过水刺机进行水刺处理、使用热轧机进行热轧定型处理、对面料进行检验、对面料进行修复、对面料进行打卷、对面料进行包装,得到隔热缓冲中间夹层;隔热缓冲中间夹层厚度为6~8mm,单位重量为120g/㎡。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤三中,贴身内层面料的制备过程如下:聚四氟乙烯长丝使用整经机进行整经处理、使用穿经机进行穿经处理、在纺线轴上进行上轴加工、将经轴在梭织机上通过梭子导纬纱,交织成坯布、对坯布进行印染加工处理、对面料进行检验、对面料进行修复、对面料进行打卷,使用聚四氟乙烯膜经热熔后覆合到聚四氟乙烯面料上、使用热轧机进行热轧定型处理、对面料进行检验、对面料进行修复、对面料进行打卷包装;贴身内层面料单位重量为100g/㎡,上述聚四氟乙烯膜厚度为30~60um,上述聚四氟乙烯膜孔径为0.2~0.4um。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤四中,将外层面料通过裁剪缝制成消防服外第一层,再将隔热缓冲夹层和贴身内层面料经裁剪缝制在一起形成一个整体;分别在外层面料和隔热缓冲夹层和贴身内层面料缝合一体的结合部位各自缝上拉链,插上拉链头,形成了一件完整的耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤一中的所述原料A按照重量百分比计算包括:13.5~14.5%的改性芳纶纤维,其余为改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维;在步骤二中的原料B为改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维;所述改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维按照重量百分比计算包括:34.6~35.6%的聚丙烯腈、9.6~10.6%的氯酸钾、8.6~9.6%的过氧化氢、4.6~5.6%的氨水,其余为去离子水,所述氨水的浓度为23%;改性芳纶纤维按照重量百分比计算包括:29.6~30.6%的芳纶纳米纤维、4.6~5.6%的聚乙烯醇、0.9~1.3%的氧化石墨烯、0.8~1.4%的硅烷偶联剂A172,其余为二氧六环;
所述改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维的制备工艺,具体制备步骤如下:
S1:按照上述重量百分比,称取聚丙烯腈、氯酸钾、过氧化氢、氨水和去离子水;
S2:将聚丙烯腈、氯酸钾、过氧化氢、氨水和去离子水进行共混,同时超声处理10~20分钟,得到基料;
S3:将步骤S2中三分之一的基料进行微波加热处理50~70分钟,得到改性碳纤维预氧丝料a;
S4:将步骤S2中三分之一的基料在惰性气体环境下进行γ射线辐照处理20~30分钟,得到改性碳纤维预氧丝料b;
S5:将步骤S2中剩余的基料同时在惰性气体环境下进行微波加热和γ射线辐照处理15~25分钟,得到改性碳纤维预氧丝料c;
S6:将步骤S3中的改性碳纤维预氧丝料a、步骤S4中的改性碳纤维预氧丝料b和步骤S5中的改性碳纤维预氧丝料c进行共混,同时超声处理20~30分钟,得到改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维。
所述改性芳纶纤维的制备工艺,具体制备步骤如下:
(1):按照上述重量百分比,称取芳纶纳米纤维、聚乙烯醇、氧化石墨烯、硅烷偶联剂A172和二氧六环;
(2):将芳纶纳米纤维、氧化石墨烯、硅烷偶联剂A172和二氧六环进行共混,同时水浴超声处理20~30分钟,得到混合料;
(3):将步骤(2)中制得的混合料与步骤(1)中的聚乙烯醇进行共混,同时水浴超声处理10~20分钟,得到纺丝液;
(4):将步骤(3)中的纺丝液进行干法纺丝法进行纺丝处理,得到改性芳纶纤维。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法,其特征在于:所述原料A按照重量百分比计算包括:13.5%的改性芳纶纤维,86.5%的改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维;所述改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维按照重量百分比计算包括:34.6%的聚丙烯腈、9.6%的氯酸钾、8.6%的过氧化氢、4.6%的氨水、42.6%的去离子水;改性芳纶纤维按照重量百分比计算包括:29.6%的芳纶纳米纤维、4.6%的聚乙烯醇、0.9%的氧化石墨烯、0.8%的硅烷偶联剂A172、64.1%的二氧六环。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法,其特征在于:所述原料A按照重量百分比计算包括:14.0%的改性芳纶纤维,86.0%的改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维;所述改性碳纤维预氧丝纤维按照重量百分比计算包括:35.1%的聚丙烯腈、10.1%的氯酸钾、9.1%的过氧化氢、5.1%的氨水、40.6%的去离子水;改性芳纶纤维按照重量百分比计算包括:30.1%的芳纶纳米纤维、5.1%的聚乙烯醇、1.1%的氧化石墨烯、1.1%的硅烷偶联剂A172、62.6%的二氧六环。
9.根据权利要求6所述的一种耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤S2中,超声处理频率为1.5~1.7MHz,功率为400~500W;在步骤S3中,微波频率为1800~1900MHz,微波输出功率密度为110~120mW/cm3,加热温度为230~250℃;在步骤S4中,γ射线辐照的剂量率为12~14kGy/s;在步骤S5中,微波频率为1800~1900MHz,微波输出功率密度为110~120mW/cm3,加热温度为230~250℃,γ射线辐照的剂量率为12~14kGy/s;在步骤S6中,超声处理频率为20~24KHz,功率为1000~1100W;在步骤(2)中,水浴温度为50~70℃,超声处理频率为20~24KHz,功率为1000~1100W;在步骤(3)中,超声处理频率为1.5~1.7MHz,功率为400~500W;在步骤(4)中,干法纺丝的纺丝速度为1.6~1.8km/min。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种耐火隔热多层复合式轻便消防服的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤S2中,超声处理频率为1.6MHz,功率为450W;在步骤S3中,微波频率为1850MHz,微波输出功率密度为115mW/cm3,加热温度为240℃;在步骤S4中,γ射线辐照的剂量率为13kGy/s;在步骤S5中,微波频率为1850MHz,微波输出功率密度为115mW/cm3,加热温度为240℃,γ射线辐照的剂量率为13kGy/s;在步骤S6中,超声处理频率为22KHz,功率为1050W;在步骤(2)中,水浴温度为60℃,超声处理频率为22KHz,功率为1050W;在步骤(3)中,超声处理频率为1.6MHz,功率为450W;在步骤(4)中,干法纺丝的纺丝速度为1.7km/min。
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