CN114632193A - 药物洗脱医疗装置 - Google Patents

药物洗脱医疗装置 Download PDF

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CN114632193A
CN114632193A CN202210247009.7A CN202210247009A CN114632193A CN 114632193 A CN114632193 A CN 114632193A CN 202210247009 A CN202210247009 A CN 202210247009A CN 114632193 A CN114632193 A CN 114632193A
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paclitaxel
medical device
tissue
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特丽·摩根
贝丝·赛尔森
达尼埃尔·舒尔茨-扬德尔
约瑟夫·特雷纳
布赖恩·格雷厄姆
卡萝尔·沙利文
杰拉尔德·霍奇金森
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Covidien LP
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Abstract

本公开提供医疗装置、处理组织的方法以及处理癌症的方法。医疗装置包含:多孔衬底;和治疗层,所述治疗层在所述多孔衬底的至少一部分上具有约11nm到约218nm的厚度,并且所述治疗层包括化学治疗剂,其中所述治疗层的表面积与体积比为约500mm‑1到约90,000mm‑1

Description

药物洗脱医疗装置
本申请是申请号为201810048149.5、申请日为2018年1月18日、发明名称为“药物洗脱医疗装置”的专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2017年1月20日提交的美国临时专利申请第62/448,509号的益处和优先权,其公开内容以引用的方式并入本文中。
背景技术
本公开涉及医疗装置,包括手术装置,如用于与伤口封闭装置一起使用的支持物。由本公开的材料形成的医疗装置能够将药物递送到患者。
出于将人体组织的片段接合在一起的目的,手术钉合器械由外科医生采用以依次或同时将一排或多排紧固件(例如钉或两件式紧固件)施用到人体组织。这类器械一般来说包括一对夹爪或指状结构,在其之间放置待接合的人体组织。当致动或“起动”钉合器械时,纵向移动起动杆接触在夹爪中的一个中的钉驱动构件。钉驱动构件推动手术钉通过人体组织并且进入在形成钉的相对夹爪中的砧中。如果去除或分离组织,那么刀片可在装置的夹爪中提供以切割在钉的线之间的组织。
当钉合某些组织,如肺、食道、肠道、十二指肠和血管组织,或相对薄或脆性组织时,可期望密封钉线以防空气或体液泄漏。防止或减少空气或体液泄漏可显著降低手术后恢复时间。此外,可期望增强抵靠组织的钉线以防止组织中的撕裂或将钉拉过组织。防止这些撕裂的一种方法涉及放置生物兼容性织物增强材料,在实施例中,有时在本文中称为在钉和底层组织之间的“支持物”材料。
对于一些手术过程,还可期望在处理的部位处引入治疗剂。举例来说,低剂量放射性同位素近距离放射治疗粒子可移植到患者中以处理可存在于靠近在肺、肠或其它器官中的肿瘤横切部位的组织中的微转移癌细胞。
仍期望能够用作用于密封和/或增强抵靠组织的钉线的支持物的改进的手术修复材料,和用于将治疗剂引入到患者的改进的方法。
发明内容
本公开涉及包括可与组织固定装置一起使用的手术支持物的医疗装置和其使用方法。同样涵盖未与组织固定装置一起使用的其它医疗装置,如组织支撑物或其它结构。
在实施例中,本公开的医疗装置包括多孔衬底和在多孔衬底的至少一部分上的治疗层。治疗层包括单独或与赋形剂组合的化学治疗剂,所述赋形剂如2-羟丙基-β-环糊精、甲基-β-环糊精、十二烷基硫酸钠、辛基葡糖苷、脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇的聚乙氧基化脂肪酸酯、氯化钠、脲、油酸、柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、丁基化羟基甲苯、D-山梨糖醇和其组合,其中治疗层的表面积与体积比为约500mm-1到约90,000mm-1。已实现用于治疗层的非常高表面积与体积比率,提供用于洗脱化学治疗剂的非常高表面积,同时维持低百分比重量的涂布的支持物。在本文公开的任何实施例中,治疗层可具有化学治疗剂而没有赋形剂。
在一些实施例中,化学治疗剂可为太平洋紫杉醇和其衍生物、多西他赛和其衍生物、白蛋白结合型紫杉醇、他莫昔芬、环磷酰胺、放射菌素、博莱霉素、更生霉素、道诺霉素、阿霉素、盐酸阿霉素、表柔比星、丝裂霉素、甲胺喋呤、氟尿嘧啶、吉西他滨、盐酸吉西他滨、卡铂、卡莫司汀、甲基-CCNU、顺铂、依托泊苷、喜树碱和其衍生物、苯芥胆甾醇、长春碱、长春新碱、戈舍瑞林、亮丙瑞林、干扰素α、视黄酸、氮芥烷化剂、哌泊舒凡、长春瑞滨、伊立替康、盐酸伊立替康、长春碱、培美曲塞、甲苯磺酸索拉非尼、依维莫司、盐酸埃罗替尼、苹果酸舒尼替尼、卡培他滨奥沙利铂、甲酰四氢叶酸钙、贝伐单抗、西妥昔单抗、雷莫芦单抗、曲妥珠单抗和其组合。
在某些实施例中,化学治疗剂包括太平洋紫杉醇的多晶型物。太平洋紫杉醇的合适的多晶型物包括非晶太平洋紫杉醇、结晶太平洋紫杉醇二水合物、无水太平洋紫杉醇和其组合。
在一些实施例中,太平洋紫杉醇为非晶太平洋紫杉醇和结晶太平洋紫杉醇二水合物的组合。在实施例中,非晶太平洋紫杉醇在约24小时到约168小时的一段时间内从医疗装置释放,并且结晶太平洋紫杉醇二水合物在约1周到约6周的一段时间内从医疗装置释放。
在实施例中,赋形剂包括脲、甲基-β-环糊精、油酸、聚山梨醇酯80、D-山梨糖醇、辛基葡糖苷和其组合。在本文公开的任何实施例中,治疗层包括化学治疗剂而没有赋形剂。
在某些实施例中,医疗装置包括手术支持物、疝贴片、钉、大头钉、支架和组织骨架。
本公开的其它医疗装置包括多孔衬底和在多孔衬底的至少一部分上的治疗层,治疗层包括单独或与赋形剂组合的非晶太平洋紫杉醇和结晶太平洋紫杉醇二水合物,所述赋形剂如脲、甲基-β-环糊精、油酸、聚山梨醇酯80、D-山梨糖醇、辛基葡糖苷和其组合。治疗层的表面积与体积比为约500mm-1到约90,000mm-1
在实施例中,非晶太平洋紫杉醇在约24小时到约168小时的一段时间内从医疗装置释放,并且结晶太平洋紫杉醇二水合物在约1周到约6周的一段时间内从医疗装置释放。
在一些实施例中,赋形剂的存在量为约0.014重量%到约14重量%的涂布的支持物。
在某些实施例中,非晶太平洋紫杉醇和结晶太平洋紫杉醇二水合物的存在量为约0.1重量%到约50重量%的涂布的支持物。
在实施例中,医疗装置的孔体积为约65%到约85%。
还提供用于用这些医疗装置处理组织的方法。在医疗装置为支持物的情况下,方法包括用固定装置,如钉、大头钉、夹子、缝合线、粘合剂和其组合将医疗装置施用到组织。
还提供用于用这些装置处理癌症的方法。在实施例中,根据本公开处理癌症的方法包括将在其上具有支持物的手术钉合器引入到患者,支持物包括药物的涂层;和使用钉合器去除器官的不期望部分并且将支持物安放在器官的剩余部分中,包括将支持物钉合到组织和切割组织。
在实施例中,钉合器在肺上使用。
在一些实施例中,在方法中使用的支持物由涂布有化学治疗药物的非织造材料制成。
在某些实施例中,在方法中使用的化学治疗药物包括太平洋紫杉醇和其衍生物、多西他赛和其衍生物、白蛋白结合型紫杉醇、他莫昔芬、环磷酰胺、放射菌素、博莱霉素、更生霉素、道诺霉素、阿霉素、盐酸阿霉素、表柔比星、丝裂霉素、甲胺喋呤、氟尿嘧啶、吉西他滨、盐酸吉西他滨、卡铂、卡莫司汀、甲基-CCNU、顺铂、依托泊苷、喜树碱和其衍生物、苯芥胆甾醇、长春碱、长春新碱、戈舍瑞林、亮丙瑞林、干扰素α、视黄酸、氮芥烷化剂、哌泊舒凡、长春瑞滨、伊立替康、盐酸伊立替康、长春碱、培美曲塞、甲苯磺酸索拉非尼、依维莫司、盐酸埃罗替尼、苹果酸舒尼替尼、卡培他滨奥沙利铂、甲酰四氢叶酸钙、贝伐单抗、西妥昔单抗、雷莫芦单抗、曲妥珠单抗和其组合。
在实施例中,在方法中使用的支持物上的涂层不包括赋形剂。
在实施例中,在方法中使用的支持物为由聚乙醇酸、聚乳酸或乙交酯三亚甲基碳酸酯的纤维形成的非织造手术支持物。在一些实施方案中,非织造材料为多孔的。
在某些实施例中,在方法中使用的支持物的厚度为约0.05mm到约0.5mm。
在实施例中,在方法中使用的药物为太平洋紫杉醇。在一些实施方案中,太平洋紫杉醇为非晶。在其它实施例中,药物包括非晶太平洋紫杉醇和结晶太平洋紫杉醇。
在实施例中,本公开的医疗装置,如支持物,包括多孔衬底和在多孔衬底的至少一部分上的治疗层,治疗层包括化学治疗剂,治疗层的表面积与体积比为约1,100mm-1到约87,000mm-1,其中治疗剂的存在量为约1重量%到约10重量%的涂布的支持物。在一些实施例中,治疗层不包括任何附加赋形剂。
附图说明
本文参考附图描述当前公开试样取回装置的实施例,其中:
图1为已根据本公开的实施例处理的支持物的视图,示出支持物如何被切割用于测试;
图2为根据本公开的实施例已处理的支持物的替代视图,示出用于切割支持物用于测试的不同图案;
图3为示出在将太平洋紫杉醇施用到其之后在如图2中所描绘的支持物的单独的片段上发现的重量/重量太平洋紫杉醇%的图;
图4为示出从具有各种涂层的支持物洗脱平均累计太平洋紫杉醇的图;
图5为在本公开的支持物放置在狗中之后对邻近其的组织采样的肺分段方案的描述;
图6为描绘用于本公开的配制物9-16的洗脱曲线的图。
图7为描绘在将本公开的两个支持物放置在狗中之后太平洋紫杉醇的血浆水平的图;
图8为与观察的临床血浆水平比较概括在移植之后0-7天在犬胸膜液中的太平洋紫杉醇浓度的图;
图9为示出在距钉线变化距离下在7天之后在狗肺中本公开的各种太平洋紫杉醇配制物的浓度的图;和
图10为示出在7天之后在其它组织(纵隔、胸壁、心包膜、隔膜、纵隔淋巴结、支气管、食道和心脏)中太平洋紫杉醇配制物的太平洋紫杉醇浓度的图。
具体实施方式
在本文中下文根据用于与组织固定装置(在实施例中为手术钉)一起使用的支持物讨论本公开的各个例示性实施例。虽然下文公开内容详细论述具有钉的这些支持物的用途,但是应了解本公开的医疗装置包括支持材料和膜类医疗装置的范围,其用于机械地支撑组织、沿钉或缝合线增强组织,和降低体液泄漏和/或组织出血的发生。举例来说,其它合适的医疗装置包括疝贴片、钉、大头钉、支架和组织骨架。
本公开的医疗装置可与用于封闭在组织中的任何伤口、缺损和/或开口的任何固定装置一起使用。因此,虽然结合手术钉合设备讨论手术支持物,但是据设想其它固定装置,如大头钉、缝合线、夹子、粘合剂等可结合本公开的医疗装置用于将医疗装置贴附到组织。涵盖未与组织固定装置或其它组织支撑装置一起使用的医疗装置。
在实施例中,本公开的支持物可在其上具有治疗层或涂层,其包括用于进一步处理在其中放置本公开的手术支持物的部位处或靠近其的组织的治疗剂。因此,本公开描述手术支持物和用于使用其、用于将治疗剂靶向递送到患者的方法和机构。
在以下讨论中,术语“近侧”和“尾随”可互换采用,并且应理解为涉及在恰当使用期间更靠近临床医生的结构的部分。术语“远侧”和“前导”也可互换采用,并且应理解为涉及在恰当使用期间距临床医生较远的结构的部分。如本文所用,术语“患者”应理解为涉及人类受试者或其它动物,并且术语“临床医生”应理解为涉及医生、护士或其它护理提供者并且可包括支持人员。
包括手术支持物的本公开的医疗装置可由生物可吸收、非可吸收、天然或合成材料的生物兼容性衬底材料构造。医疗装置还可由多孔或非多孔的材料形成。当然应理解,多孔、非多孔、天然、合成、生物可吸收和/或非生物可吸收材料的任何组合可用于形成本公开的医疗装置。
在实施例中,本公开的医疗装置,如手术支持物,可为可生物降解的,使得装置不必从人体取回。如本文所用,术语“可生物降解”被定义以包括生物可吸收和生物可再吸收材料。所谓可生物降解,意指医疗装置在人体条件下分解或丢失结构完整性(例如酶降解或水解),或在人体中的生理条件下分解(物理地或化学上),使得降解产物由人体可排泄或可吸收。
可用于形成本公开的医疗装置(例如手术支持物)的材料的非限制性实例包括(但不限于)聚(乳酸)、聚(乙醇酸)、聚(三亚甲基碳酸酯)、聚(二氧环己酮)、聚(羟基丁酸盐)、聚(膦嗪)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚乙二醇、聚环氧乙烷、聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸羟乙基甲基酯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸、聚乙酸酯、聚己内酯、聚丙烯、脂肪族聚酯、甘油、聚(氨基酸)、共聚(醚-酯)、聚亚烷基草酸酯、聚酰胺、聚(亚氨基碳酸酯)、聚亚烷基草酸酯、聚氧杂酯、聚原酸酯、聚磷腈,和共聚物、嵌段共聚物、均聚物、共混物和其组合。
在实施例中,天然生物聚合物可用于形成本公开的医疗装置。合适的天然生物聚合物包括(但不限于)胶原蛋白、明胶、纤维蛋白、血纤维蛋白原、弹性蛋白、角蛋白、白蛋白、纤维素、氧化纤维素、羟基乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羧基乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、甲壳质、壳聚糖和其组合。此外,天然生物聚合物可与本文所描述的任何其它聚合材料组合以产生本公开的医疗装置。
在实施例中,本公开的医疗装置,如手术支持物可由(一种或多种)多孔材料形成。本公开的医疗装置的任何多孔部分可在其表面的至少一部分上具有开口或孔。合适的多孔材料包括(但不限于)纤维结构(例如编织结构、织造结构、非织造结构等)和/或泡沫(例如开孔或闭孔泡沫)。
在实施例中,孔可为足够的数目和大小以便跨医疗装置的整个厚度互连。织造织物、编织织物和开孔泡沫为其中孔可为足够的数目和大小以便跨医疗装置的整个厚度互连的结构的说明性实例。
在其它实施例中,孔可跨医疗装置的整个厚度不互连。闭孔泡沫或熔化的非织造材料为其中孔可跨医疗装置的整个厚度不互连的结构的说明性实例。在一些实施例中,孔可定位在医疗装置的一部分上,其中医疗装置的其它部分具有非多孔纹理。所属领域的技术人员可设想用于本公开的多孔医疗装置的多种孔分布图案和配置。
在本公开的医疗装置为多孔的并且包括纤维材料的情况下,医疗装置可使用任何合适的方法形成,包括但不限于编织、织造、非织造技术(包括熔喷法)、湿纺丝、电纺丝、挤出、共挤出等。在实施例中,医疗装置为具有三维结构的手术支持物,如在美国专利第7,021,086号和第6,443,964号中描述的纺织物,其中的每个的整个公开内容以引用的方式并入本文中。
用于形成衬底的织物的孔隙度可以允许生物体液和/或细胞组分浸润,这继而可加速来自本公开的医疗装置的任何治疗剂的释放动力学,因此增加(一种或多种)治疗剂从医疗装置释放到周围组织和体液中的速率。
用于形成本公开的医疗装置(如手术支持物)的衬底的厚度可为约0.05mm到约0.5mm,在实施例中为约0.1mm到约0.2mm。
在用于形成医疗装置的衬底为多孔的情况下,本公开的医疗装置的孔体积可为约65%到约85%,在实施例中为约70%到约80%。
如上所述,在实施例中,本公开的医疗装置还包括在其上的治疗层或涂层中的(一种或多种)治疗剂。可添加到本公开的医疗装置的治疗剂包括(但不限于)药物、氨基酸、肽、多肽、蛋白、多糖、突变蛋白、免疫球蛋白、抗体、细胞介素(例如淋巴因子、单核因子、趋化因子)、凝血因子、造血因子、白介素(1到18)、干扰素(β-IFN、α-IFN和γ-IFN)、红血球生成素、核酸酶、肿瘤坏死因子、菌落刺激因子(例如GCSF、GM-CSF、MCSF)、胰岛素、抗肿瘤剂和肿瘤抑制剂、血液蛋白、纤维蛋白、凝血酶、血纤维蛋白原、合成凝血酶、合成纤维蛋白、合成血纤维蛋白原、促性腺激素(例如FSH、LH、CG等)、激素和激素类似物(例如生长激素、促黄体激素释放因子)、疫苗(例如肿瘤、细菌和病毒抗原)、生长抑素、抗原、血液凝固因子、生长因子(例如神经生长因子、胰岛素样生长因子)、骨形态生成蛋白、TGF-B、蛋白质抑制剂、蛋白拮抗剂、蛋白促进剂、核酸,如反义分子、DNA、RNA、RNAi、寡核苷酸、多核苷酸、细胞、病毒和核酶。
在实施例中,施用到本公开的医疗装置的治疗剂可包括抗肿瘤剂和/或肿瘤抑制剂,在实施例中,被称为“化学治疗剂”和/或“抗肿瘤剂”。合适的化学治疗剂包括例如太平洋紫杉醇和其衍生物、多西他赛和其衍生物、白蛋白结合型紫杉醇、他莫昔芬、环磷酰胺、放射菌素、博莱霉素、更生霉素、道诺霉素、阿霉素、盐酸阿霉素、表柔比星、丝裂霉素、甲胺喋呤、氟尿嘧啶、吉西他滨、盐酸吉西他滨、卡铂、卡莫司汀(BCNU)、甲基-CCNU、顺铂、依托泊苷、喜树碱和其衍生物、苯芥胆甾醇、长春碱、长春新碱、戈舍瑞林、亮丙瑞林、干扰素α、视黄酸(ATRA)、氮芥烷化剂、哌泊舒凡、长春瑞滨、伊立替康、盐酸伊立替康、长春碱、培美曲塞、甲苯磺酸索拉非尼、依维莫司、盐酸埃罗替尼、苹果酸舒尼替尼、卡培他滨奥沙利铂、甲酰四氢叶酸钙、贝伐单抗、西妥昔单抗、雷莫芦单抗、曲妥珠单抗、其组合等。
在实施例中,太平洋紫杉醇和/或太平洋紫杉醇衍生物可用作治疗剂。太平洋紫杉醇可具有多种形式,在本文中被称作“多晶型物”,包括非晶太平洋紫杉醇、结晶太平洋紫杉醇,有时被称作结晶太平洋紫杉醇二水合物,和/或无水太平洋紫杉醇,或其混合物。
根据本公开,在形成治疗层中利用的太平洋紫杉醇的多晶型物形式可通过水性组合物、溶剂极性和在溶剂体系中利用的质子和非质子溶剂的组合物而改变,以形成用于施用治疗层的溶液。举例来说,溶解并且随后从10%v/v水于甲醇中干燥的太平洋紫杉醇将产生主要结晶太平洋紫杉醇二水合物层,但是溶解并且随后从非极性溶剂二氯甲烷干燥的相同太平洋紫杉醇将产生主要非晶层。
太平洋紫杉醇的结晶度将影响其在水性体系中的溶解性。因此,可调节并且选择在治疗层中太平洋紫杉醇的多晶型物形式以提供从本公开的植入物的治疗剂的调整释放。虽然呈任何形式的药物为疏水性的,如非晶太平洋紫杉醇,其更可溶于水性环境中,并且结晶太平洋紫杉醇较不可溶于水性环境中,但是在实施例中,可使用多于一种多晶形式的太平洋紫杉醇,以提供具有多个太平洋紫杉醇释放特性的植入物。举例来说,在其上具有非晶太平洋紫杉醇和结晶太平洋紫杉醇二水合物两者的本公开的医疗装置可在移植时释放治疗剂的药团(呈非晶太平洋紫杉醇形式),同时还缓慢释放治疗剂(呈结晶太平洋紫杉醇二水合物形式)。
在不具有赋形剂的实施例中,在医疗装置上的治疗层中非晶太平洋紫杉醇的量可为0重量%到约100重量%的治疗层,在实施例中,为约10重量%到约90重量%的治疗层,其中结晶太平洋紫杉醇二水合物的存在量为约0重量%到约100重量%的治疗层,在实施例中,为约90重量%到约10重量%的治疗层。
本公开的医疗装置可在约24小时到约168小时,在实施例中约48小时到约96小时的一段时间内释放非晶太平洋紫杉醇,并且在约1周到约6周,在实施例中,约2周到约4周的一段时间内释放结晶太平洋紫杉醇二水合物。
在其它实施例中,治疗剂可施用为涂层的一部分,包括在所属领域的技术人员的见识内的聚合材料或其它载体组分。在实施例中,这类涂层可包括(例如)可分解涂层,如由单体,如乙交酯、丙交酯、三亚甲基碳酸酯、对二氧环己酮、ε-己内酯和其组合制备的那些。如果利用涂层,那么具有这类涂层的支持物应在移植期间和在移植之后均保持柔软。
在其它实施例中,不管治疗剂是否在有或没有一些附加聚合材料的情况下施用以形成涂层,除了上文所述治疗剂之外,在形成本公开的医疗装置中施用到衬底材料的治疗层还可包括赋形剂以提高治疗剂粘附到医疗装置(在实施例中手术支持物),以及改性治疗剂从医疗装置的洗脱两者的能力。
在实施例中,可与治疗剂组合以形成在医疗装置上的治疗层的合适的赋形剂包括表面活性剂,如(但不限于)环糊精,如2-羟丙基-β-环糊精和甲基-β-环糊精、十二烷基硫酸钠、辛基葡糖苷和脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯,如脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯和脱水山梨糖醇的聚乙氧基化脂肪酸酯,在本文中有时被称作聚山梨醇酯,包括以名称TWEENTM出售的那些。这类聚山梨醇酯的实例包括聚山梨醇酯80(TWEENTM 80)、聚山梨醇酯20(TWEENTM 20)、聚山梨醇酯60(TWEENTM 60)、聚山梨醇酯65(TWEENTM 65)、聚山梨醇酯85(TWEENTM 85)、其组合等。在实施例中,一种或多种低分子量聚(乙二醇)可以赋形剂单独或与任何其它上述赋形剂任何组合添加。
在其它实施例中,合适的赋形剂可包括盐,如氯化钠和/或其它材料,如脲、油酸、柠檬酸和抗坏血酸。在另外其它实施例中,赋形剂可为稳定剂,如丁基化羟基甲苯(BHT)。
再其它合适的赋形剂包括多元醇,如D-山梨糖醇、甘露醇、其组合等。
在某些实施例中,合适的赋形剂包括脲、甲基-β-环糊精、油酸、聚山梨醇酯80、D-山梨糖醇、辛基葡糖苷、其组合等。
在一些实施例中,为增溶物的赋形剂可包括在本公开的治疗层中。这些材料将水吸引到治疗层中,这可提高其降解并且导致治疗剂从治疗层释放。然而,鉴于对于在本公开的治疗层中的治疗剂的高表面积与体积比,实际上不需要这类赋形剂。本公开的实施例包括具有化学治疗剂而没有赋形剂的治疗层。
(一种或多种)治疗剂和任何赋形剂可通过在所属领域的技术人员的见识内的任何方法施用到本公开的医疗装置。如上所述,在实施例中,治疗剂在溶液中,其随后施用到本公开的医疗装置,如支持物。具有治疗剂连同任何赋形剂的溶液可通过在所属领域的技术人员的见识内的任何方法施用到医疗装置,包括喷洒、浸渍、溶液浇铸、其组合等。在施用之后,溶剂可通过在所属领域的技术人员的见识内的方法馏出,包括加热、施用真空、其组合等。馏出溶剂留下治疗剂和任何赋形剂以在医疗装置上形成治疗层。
在形成之后,本公开的医疗装置可具有在其上的涂布的支持物中的治疗剂,其量为约0.1重量%到约50重量%的涂布的支持物,在实施例中,为约1重量%到约10重量%的涂布的支持物。虽然不需要赋形剂,但是在存在的情况下,非聚合赋形剂的存在量可为约0.01重量%到约80重量%的涂布的支持物,在实施例中为约1重量%到约11重量%的涂布的支持物。在其它实施例中,在存在的情况下,聚合赋形剂的存在量可为约0.014重量%到约14重量%的涂布的支持物,在实施例中,为约5重量%到约15重量%的涂布的支持物。
在形成之后,本公开的医疗装置可具有在其上的治疗层中的治疗剂,其量为约0.01重量%到约100重量%的治疗层,在实施例中为约1重量%到约75重量%的治疗层。虽然不需要赋形剂,但是在存在的情况下,非聚合赋形剂的存在量可为约1重量%到约99重量%的治疗层,在实施例中为约8.5重量%到约79.4重量%的治疗层,并且最优选地在实施例中为9.5%到约15%。在实施例中,在存在的情况下,聚合赋形剂的存在量可为约1重量%到约99重量%的治疗层,在实施例中为约5重量%到约15重量%的治疗层。
具有治疗剂和非聚合赋形剂两者的治疗层的厚度可为约13nm到约2.9μm,在实施例中为约25nm到约100nm。
具有治疗剂和聚合赋形剂两者的治疗层的厚度可为约2nm到约1.1μm,在实施例中为约30nm到约100nm。
在其它实施例中,治疗层可包括极少或没有赋形剂,因此非常薄的治疗层可施用到衬底。这将维持衬底的孔隙度。这类治疗层的厚度可为约11nm到约218nm,在实施例中为约25nm到约75nm。
在其中衬底为多孔的实施例中,治疗层可贯穿衬底存在于表面上,包括在孔自身内。具有非聚合赋形剂或没有赋形剂的这类装置可具有表面积与体积比为约500mm-1到约90,000mm-1的治疗层。具有聚合赋形剂的这类装置可具有表面积与体积比为约1,100mm-1到约87,000mm-1的治疗层。此高表面积与体积比使得治疗剂能够从治疗层相对快速洗脱,尤其是具有低水溶解度的疏水性的药物,如太平洋紫杉醇。已实现以支持物或其它装置的低重量百分比提供用于洗脱化学治疗剂的高表面积的非常高表面与面积比。
在实施例中,本公开的治疗层可在具有治疗层的医疗装置贴附到组织时碎裂。这可导致治疗剂迁移到远离移植部位的定位,例如在其中支持物附接到肺叶的周边的情况下,治疗剂可迁移到纵隔淋巴结中,同时剩余在植入物上的(一种或多种)治疗剂可直接扩散到邻近移植部位的组织中。
如在下文实例中较详细描述,已出人意料地发现在医疗装置具有在本公开的治疗层中的太平洋紫杉醇的狗模型中可贯穿胸膜腔释放太平洋紫杉醇并且在其它远离在胸腔中的部位(包括胸壁、隔膜、食道、纵隔和心包膜)中达到治疗水平。这些为在手术切除之后癌症可以局部复发的所有部位。难溶性药物(如太平洋紫杉醇)在治疗水平下的此普遍分布为出人意料的。此外,在血液中观察到非常低水平的太平洋紫杉醇,意味着可避免与传统的静脉内治疗相关联的毒性。利用本公开的植入物,用于处理肺和胸部两者的局部区域治疗现在为可能的。
不希望受任何理论束缚,认为多个机构引起这些出人意料的结果。如上所述,支持物形态提供大表面积,给予太平洋紫杉醇更多机会以扩散远离支持物。此外,治疗层中的一些在钉起动期间通过医疗装置剥落并且迁移到胸膜液中。一旦如此,薄片溶解并且将太平洋紫杉醇递送到胸膜液行进的任何地方。这可解释太平洋紫杉醇远离像胸壁、隔膜、食道和心包膜的部位迁移。
如上所述,本公开的医疗装置可与任何固定装置一起使用以进一步帮助密封组织。举例来说,本公开的医疗装置可用于与钉、大头钉、夹子、缝合线、粘合剂、其组合等结合。
在实施例中,本公开的医疗装置可与钉一起使用。举例来说,提供由本公开的医疗装置形成的手术支持物以增强并且密封通过手术钉合设备施用到组织的钉的线。支持物可配置成适合于配合任何手术钉合、紧固或起动设备的任何形状、大小或尺寸。
在实施例中,本文所描述的支持物可用于通过接近在含有支持物的手术钉合设备的钉仓和砧之间的伤口组织的边缘而密封伤口。起动手术钉合设备迫使至少一个钉的支腿穿过在钉仓和支持物上的开口、组织和在砧上的开口,以将支持物固定到组织,以将邻接组织彼此固定,并且以密封组织。
在本公开的医疗装置用于形成手术支持物的情况下,在施用到出血组织的部位时,支持物可影响所述组织的止血。如本文中所使用,术语“止血”意指遏止出血。
除了在施用支持物的部位处提供止血之外,本公开的医疗装置还可提供在移植的部位和人体内的其它地方两者处用治疗剂处理组织。
在一些实施例中,本公开提供处理癌症的方法。这些方法包括,在实施例中,将在其上具有支持物的手术钉合器引入到需要处理的患者,支持物包括药物,如化学治疗剂的涂层,和使用钉合器去除器官的不期望部分并且将支持物放置在器官的剩余部分中,包括将支持物钉合到组织和切割组织。在待去除的组织在患者体内的情况下,方法包括将钉合器和支持物引入到患者身体中。
举例来说,在实施例中,已发现,对于如肺切除在肺癌的处理中的施用,本公开的医疗装置(在实施例中,手术支持物)的施用将用化学治疗剂,如太平洋紫杉醇或其衍生物处理手术支持物的施用部位。此外,已发现,根据化学治疗剂、赋形剂、其组合等的形式,本公开的装置还可从其洗脱化学治疗剂。化学治疗剂可通过在通过其钉起动时施加到支持物的机械/物理力从手术支持物物理地去除。化学治疗剂还可溶解到在胸膜空间内的胸膜液中并且贯穿空间行进。
在实施例中,使用本公开的医疗装置,如手术支持物,可用于维持化学治疗剂,如太平洋紫杉醇的治疗水平,由此继续处理患者并且防止非小细胞肺癌的复发。
用本公开的医疗装置引入化学治疗的益处包括例如:
·消除通常与静脉内化学治疗相关联的全身性毒性;
·将药物有效负载降低到约10%的常规静脉内化学治疗输液;和
·提供延长的曝露并且在太平洋紫杉醇情况下在较低药物浓度下提供较高效能。
下文参考以下非限制性实例描述公开内容的若干实施例。实例仅旨在为说明性的并且不旨在限制本公开的范围。如本文所用,“室温”是指约20℃到约30℃的温度。另外,除非另外指示,否则份和百分比,如溶液百分比按重量计。
实例1
如下测试将太平洋紫杉醇施用到肺钉合支持物的可行性。由聚乙醇酸制成的钉合支持物用于测试。材料段浸没在作为潜在配制物溶剂的四氢呋喃、氯仿、甲苯、二氯甲烷或甲醇或其组合中。支持物目测似乎与每种溶剂相容,在若干天之后没有变形或粘性。
用于涂布支持物材料的太平洋紫杉醇配制物为50mg/mL太平洋紫杉醇和7mg/mL脲在10:90v/v水:THF中的溶液(可以FREEPACTM太平洋紫杉醇洗脱配制物商购)。预期干燥配制物含有非晶太平洋紫杉醇和太平洋紫杉醇二水合物)的混合物。此配制物用于涂布三个支持物。
大约5mL的上文所述的太平洋紫杉醇溶液放置在三(3)个小瓶中,并且支持物(长度为40mm)递送到每个小瓶并且使其浸泡在太平洋紫杉醇溶液中小于30秒。用镊子去除每个支持物并且使其干燥。支持物似乎目测在从太平洋紫杉醇溶液取出之后在15到30秒中干燥。每个支持物随后放置在玻璃板上并且使其完全干燥约十分钟。
没有观察到支持物的视觉外观实际改变。光处置不从支持物产生任何扬尘或颗粒。处理和未处理的支持物在50×放大下拍照,其中观察到的表面外观上几乎没有差别。
对于太平洋紫杉醇如下分析每个支持物和未处理的支持物。试片在超声处理下用0.5%v/v乙酸于甲醇中提取约30分钟。对照已知浓度的标准物,提取物使用具有UV检测的超高性能液体色谱仪在229nm下分析残余太平洋紫杉醇。
用正常相关化合物特性观察太平洋紫杉醇的回收率。在未处理的支持物中未观察到干扰峰。结果在下表1中概括。
表1
回收的太平洋紫杉醇
Figure BDA0003545434000000141
鉴于在表1中的上述数据,浸涂似乎对于将太平洋紫杉醇溶液施用到支持物有效。
实例2
如下测试具有变化形式的太平洋紫杉醇的钉合支持物的产生。使用结晶太平洋紫杉醇二水合物、非晶太平洋紫杉醇和两种的组合制备太平洋紫杉醇溶液(如上在实例1中所述)。两个样品包括作为赋形剂的脲。
制备的配制物,包括用于制备太平洋紫杉醇溶液的太平洋紫杉醇(PTX)、赋形剂(若存在)和溶剂的量和各种形式在下表2中概括。
表2
Figure BDA0003545434000000142
样品4包括作为赋形剂的脲。为了一致性,脲以相同比率包括在二水合物材料中(样品5)。没有脲包括在非晶配制物中(样品6)。
90×10mm支持物型面(8cm2单边织物区域)浸涂在每种配制物中并且干燥。如同上文在实例1中所述的结果,在任何配制物的下支持物的表面没有可见改变。药物示出与聚合物织物的极佳亲和力,并且来自每种配制物的支持物积极地操控、振荡并且撞击玻璃板,没有药物的可见排出。涂布的支持物放在一旁用于洗脱分析。
实例3
以51.1mg/mL的浓度制备太平洋紫杉醇在10:90v/v甲苯:THF中的配制物并且命名为样品8。此配制物产生非晶太平洋紫杉醇层,其用于涂布五个90×10mm支持物型面(8cm2单边织物区域)(被称作样品8.1、8.2、8.3、8.4和8.5),其中的每个在施用之前称重。在施用之后,每个支持物切成四片,A、B、C和D,如在图1中所描绘。称重每段并且随后根据发育药物含量方法测试。支持物在超声处理下用0.5%v/v乙酸于甲醇中提取15分钟。对照已知太平洋紫杉醇浓度的标准物,样品提取物使用具有UV检测的UPLC在229nm下,在安捷伦ZorbaxRRHD Eclipse PlusC18,2.1×100mm,1.8-μm粒径柱上使用水和乙腈梯度分析太平洋紫杉醇和相关化合物两者。
在支持物的每个片段上观察到的重量、药物质量和重量/重量%在下表3、4和5中概括。
表3
Figure BDA0003545434000000151
表4
每个片段回收的太平洋紫杉醇(mg)
Figure BDA0003545434000000152
表5
太平洋紫杉醇,每个片段的重量/重量%
Figure BDA0003545434000000153
如从在上表3中概括的数据可看出,支持物材料获得平均9.3重量%或约4mg的药物。观察为每个片段的重量/重量%(表5)的回收的太平洋紫杉醇(表4)和太平洋紫杉醇的结果为极其恒定的。
实例4
冲压聚乙醇酸织物的片材以形成90×10mm支持物型面,并且随后将太平洋紫杉醇配制物施用到其中。下文描述配制物和测试。
太平洋紫杉醇配制物在多种赋形剂下以25mg/mL的浓度制备。控制在样品10、11和12中的太平洋紫杉醇的结晶度,其中太平洋紫杉醇为完全结晶太平洋紫杉醇二水合物或完全非晶形式。基于上文在实例1中所述的10:90水:THF溶剂体系,预期剩余样品(9、13、14、15和16)的组合物含有非晶太平洋紫杉醇和太平洋紫杉醇二水合物的混合物。多种配制物在下表6中概括。
表6
Figure BDA0003545434000000161
制备五毫升的上述配制物中的每种并且倒入涂布紧固件的贮存器中(贮存器体积为25mL)。十二个支持物型面的片材手动传递通过贮存器,涂布材料,并且用镊子拿着以干燥。所有溶剂体系在小于30秒内非常快速干燥。
如在上文较早实例1和2中,对于所有配制物在材料上几乎没有裸眼可见改变,除样品10(具有脲的结晶太平洋紫杉醇二水合物)之外。对于所述样品,观察到一些白色条纹和不均匀涂布。支持物型面用镊子从片材去除。
随后测试支持物的药物效能/均匀性。从每种配制物(命名为样品9-1、9-2、9-3、9-4、9-5、10-1、10-2、10-3等)提取五个支持物并且根据发育药物含量方法测试。支持物在超声处理下用0.5%v/v乙酸于甲醇中提取15分钟。对照已知太平洋紫杉醇浓度的标准物,样品提取物使用具有UV检测的UPLC在229nm下,在安捷伦Zorbax RRHD Eclipse PlusC18,2.1×100mm,1.8-μm粒径柱上使用水和乙腈梯度分析太平洋紫杉醇和相关化合物两者。
每个支持物切成两个片段,E和F,如在图2中所描绘。称重并且单独测试表示支持物型面的大约一半的片段。
片段和总值在图3(对于单独的片段,图3具有重量/重量太平洋紫杉醇%)和下表7(用于每个样品的字母与如在图2中所描绘的测试的片段相对应)中示出,并且对于每种配制物的平均值下文在下表8中示出。
表7
单独的片段重量/重量太平洋紫杉醇%
Figure BDA0003545434000000171
Figure BDA0003545434000000181
表8
平均效能值±SD
Figure BDA0003545434000000182
Figure BDA0003545434000000191
如从在表7和8中的数据可看出,单独的支持物重量存在大量变化,但是在治疗层中的太平洋紫杉醇重量/重量%在每组内极其恒定。大多数配制物具有在8重量%和10重量%之间的药物。配制物13(甲基-β-环糊精赋形剂)和14(油酸/油酸Na赋形剂)在治疗层中具有较少药物。
随后如下检验来自支持物的药物洗脱。来自每种配制物的三个支持物安装在心轴上并且引入到37℃0.3%SDS于10mM乙酸铵中,并且放置在100rpm下的37℃孵育器振荡器中。在每个时间点,取出心轴和支持物并且传送到新鲜小瓶的介质。根据配制物变化时间点。每种配制物的等分试样过滤通过0.2μm尼龙过滤器并且通过发育HPLC方法分析类似样品类型。在Luna 3μm PFP(2)
Figure BDA0003545434000000194
4.6×100柱上的水和乙腈梯度用于对照已知太平洋紫杉醇浓度的标准物用UV检测在229nm下分离。图4为示出从支持物洗脱的平均累计药物的图。下表9、10、11和12分别概括对于配制物9、10、11和12的支持物洗脱的累计药物。
表9
配制物9
洗脱的累计药物(μg)
Figure BDA0003545434000000192
表10
配制物10
洗脱的累计药物(μg)
Figure BDA0003545434000000193
Figure BDA0003545434000000201
表11
配制物11
洗脱的累计药物(μg)
Figure BDA0003545434000000202
表12
配制物12
洗脱的累计药物(μg)
Figure BDA0003545434000000203
如从在表9-12中阐述的数据可看出,通过变化施用到支持物的赋形剂和太平洋紫杉醇的形式,以及用于形成用于将太平洋紫杉醇和赋形剂施用到支持物的溶液的溶剂,可调节从支持物释放的太平洋紫杉醇的量和太平洋紫杉醇的释放特性两者(例如药团对延长释放)。
图6为描绘用于配制物9-16的洗脱曲线的图。
每个支持物的表面通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)成像。结果一般来说如期望的,其中结晶配制物示出针形式,并且非晶配制物示出紧密涂布的纤维和在纤维之间的一些织带。配制物16略微不同在于其似乎比其它半非晶配制物更彻底涂布材料。
实例5
在本公开的支持物移植在狗的胸膜腔中的情况下进行研究,并且测量在支持物上药物的洗脱和迁移。
简单来说,两种配制物移植在总共四只狗中(一种配制物在两只狗中而另一种配制物在其它两只狗中)。创建双侧胸部切口并且利用具有在其上具有太平洋紫杉醇的两个支持物的60mm钉合器。第一支持物包括实例5的配制物,样品9(半结晶太平洋紫杉醇和脲),并且第二支持物为上文在实例5中所述的非晶太平洋紫杉醇,样品12。具有第一支持物的两只狗被称作FREEPAC 1号(或PTX+脲狗1号)和FREEPAC 2号(或PTX+脲狗1号),并且具有第二支持物的两只狗被称作非晶狗1号和非晶狗2号。
对于每只动物,每个支持物跨五个或六个肺叶的尖端起动。放置纵隔穿孔以使液体和空气在半胸膛之间连通。放置胸部引流管并且闭合两个胸部切口。在手术之后约36到约48小时内去除胸部引流管。在手术之后7天将四只动物处死并且收集所关注的组织用于太平洋紫杉醇分析。收集的组织包括:1)在支持物钉线处的组织;2)邻近钉线的组织;和3)远离支持物的多种定位,包括胸壁、纵隔、心脏、心包膜、纵隔淋巴结、残余叶、食道、支气管和隔膜。
另外,对于每只动物跟踪与移植时间比较的太平洋紫杉醇的血浆水平和在胸部引流管流体中的太平洋紫杉醇水平。手术中,并且随后手术后30分钟、1小时、2小时、4小时、6小时、24小时、72小时和168小时收集血浆。
在尸体剖检时,取样的组织中的每个分成3×3cm网格,并且随后进一步切分成三层以产生用于太平洋紫杉醇药物分析的27个样品。对于邻近支持物的组织的肺分段方案在图5中概述。
概括获得的结果的图如图7-10所阐述。如在图7中所描绘,具有非晶太平洋紫杉醇的支持物和具有带有脲的非晶太平洋紫杉醇和太平洋紫杉醇二水合物的组合的支持物两者的血浆水平随时间消退,具有低血浆水平。(对于在3-小时时间段内投予的180mg/m2输液,在图7中的插入框取自人类临床数据(Ohtsu等人)。对于3个患者,报导的平均C最大值为5,232±151nM,但是对于3个患者,平均血浆值为402±3nM,假设48小时的间隙时间段以达到低于30nM的治疗水平的太平洋紫杉醇血浆水平。在肺组织切除的部位处的太平洋紫杉醇的局部递送产生药物到血浆的最小递送。实际上,两种配制物不越过治疗阈值,其中在太平洋紫杉醇的临床静脉内(IV)剂量之后,峰值水平低于通常经历的多于两个数量级。另外,应注意,四只狗都没有经历通常随IV太平洋紫杉醇递送经历的药物毒性的任何标志,包括血流嗜中性白细胞细胞计数没有显著改变。)
图8与观察到临床血浆水平比较概括在移植之后0-7天在犬胸膜液中的太平洋紫杉醇浓度。如在图8中阐述,在犬研究中的太平洋紫杉醇(PTX)胸膜液浓度与重叠临床血浆太平洋紫杉醇水平(实心圆)和重叠NSCLC细胞系倍增时间(实心三角形)和肺癌临床分离株倍增时间(空心三角形)相比。目标太平洋紫杉醇有效范围在通过短划线定界的区域中突出。目标治疗范围通过以考虑体内肿瘤环境的影响的因子调节实验体外NSCLC细胞系IC90值来测定。两种含太平洋紫杉醇的配制物(半结晶太平洋紫杉醇+脲对非晶太平洋紫杉醇)各自移植到犬的肺中维持七天。在若干时间点监测血浆和胸膜液太平洋紫杉醇水平,并且在手术后七天测量太平洋紫杉醇组织水平。半结晶太平洋紫杉醇+脲配制物持续在胸膜液中的太平洋紫杉醇的治疗水平最多至少7天研究终止时间点,而非晶配制物维持治疗水平最多至少40-60小时,在所述点处去除胸部引流管。在人类中静脉内注射之后,两种局部递送配制物持续在胸膜液空间中的太平洋紫杉醇的治疗水平长于在血浆中实现的水平。此外,两种局部配制物持续治疗水平超出许多肺癌临床分离株的细胞倍增时间,指示与静脉内太平洋紫杉醇投予相比改进的功效可能性。
对于在3-小时时间段内投予的180mg/m2输液,在图8中的插入框取自人类临床数据(Ohtsu等人)。对于3个患者,报导的平均C最大值为5,232±151nM,但是对于3个患者,平均血浆值为402±3nM,假设48小时的间隙时间段达到低于30nM的太平洋紫杉醇血浆水平。对于在3-小时时间段内投予的180mg/m2输液通过Ohtsu报导的临床太平洋紫杉醇血浆水平与在7-天犬研究中发现的太平洋紫杉醇胸膜液水平相比绘制。在多个临床前模型中已展示,在组织中的太平洋紫杉醇水平遵循在IV注射之后的血浆水平(参见Eiseman等人《癌症化疗与药理学(Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol.)》1994;34(6):465-71;Soma等人《外科研究杂志(J.Surg.Res.)》2009年7月;155(1):142-6;Schrump等人《胸心血管外科杂志(J.Thorac.Cardiovasc.Surg.)》2002年4月;123(4):686-94。)
在小鼠、兔和绵羊中IV注射之后在肺中的太平洋紫杉醇水平在基于药物质量/组织质量的在血浆中发现的水平的0.6-4.3倍内上升直到血浆水平开始接近亚治疗太平洋紫杉醇水平。重要的是,当太平洋紫杉醇从血流清除时,其另外快速洗涤离开肺和其它组织。根据这些临床前观察结果,可推断,投予到人类的IV太平洋紫杉醇在肺组织中以治疗浓度保留在启动处理之后不超过48小时。
另外,已展示,太平洋紫杉醇效能随暴露时间增加,并且针对更快分裂细胞类型,在较低浓度下更有效。随曝露持续时间增加效能的此影响可归因于太平洋紫杉醇的作用机理;即在细胞分裂期间太平洋紫杉醇必须在足够高浓度下,以破坏微管聚合并且因此致使细胞死亡。因为此影响,当在长时间段内在所关注的组织中维持在治疗水平下时,针对缓慢分裂癌细胞,太平洋紫杉醇作为化学治疗剂最有效。举例来说,已展示,从15个受感染的患者作为临床分离株收集的原发性肺癌肿瘤具有在大约68到296小时的范围内的倍增时间。(Baguley等人,“通过酪氨酸激酶的表皮生长因子受体家族的4-苯胺喹唑啉抑制剂抑制原发性人类肿瘤细胞培养物的生长(Inhibition of growth of primary human tumourcell cultures by a 4-anilinoquinazoline inhibitor of the epidermal growthfactor receptor family of tyrosine kinases)”,《欧洲癌症杂志(Eur.J.Cancer)》.1998年6月;34(7):1086-90.)
因为太平洋紫杉醇的持续局部递送使得治疗水平能够比静脉内治疗维持长的多的时间段,所以针对NSCLC,此递送模式应提供优异功效。
图9为概括在距钉线变化距离下在7天之后在肺中多种太平洋紫杉醇配制物的浓度的图。对于半结晶太平洋紫杉醇+脲配制物,在手术后7天在表面上和在远离钉线支持物边缘最多3cm的肺内部中均在犬肺中发现治疗水平的太平洋紫杉醇。非晶太平洋紫杉醇配制物在肺的表面处但不在肺内部中产生治疗水平。
图10为概括在7天之后在其它组织(纵隔、胸壁、心包膜、隔膜、淋巴结、支气管、食道和心脏)中多种太平洋紫杉醇配制物的太平洋紫杉醇浓度的图。在手术后7天,半结晶太平洋紫杉醇+脲配制物在同侧胸部中除心脏以外的取样的所有局部组织中产生太平洋紫杉醇的治疗水平,而非晶太平洋紫杉醇配制物在纵隔和纵隔淋巴结中产生治疗水平。治疗水平的太平洋紫杉醇到纵隔和纵隔淋巴结的远离递送为显著的,因为这些为分别在叶切除术和分支切除之后典型局部和区域复发的部位。理论上,对于早期NSCLC,递送到这些结构的太平洋紫杉醇应降低在手术之后的局部复发的风险。此外,治疗水平的太平洋紫杉醇递送到胸壁、隔膜、支气管和食道应同样降低在这些结构中复发的风险。
此外,在本公开的植入物移植之后,在纵隔淋巴结中发现治疗水平的太平洋紫杉醇。其中发现太平洋紫杉醇的结节远离支持钉线若干厘米。在淋巴结中太平洋紫杉醇的浓度与在与支持钉线相邻的前3cm内发现的太平洋紫杉醇的浓度相当。这些结果表明太平洋紫杉醇到这些部位的一些主动传送,最可能通过淋巴引流系统,这另外最通常被称为用于癌转移的路径。
应理解,可对本文公开的实施例作出各种修改。因此,上文的描述不应解释为限制性的,而仅仅作为优选实施例的例证。所属领域的技术人员将设想在本公开的范围和精神内的其它修改。这类修改和变化旨在属于以下权利要求书的范围内。

Claims (20)

1.一种医疗装置,包含:
多孔衬底;和
治疗层,所述治疗层在所述多孔衬底的至少一部分上具有约11nm到约218nm的厚度,并且所述治疗层包括化学治疗剂,
其中所述治疗层的表面积与体积比为约500mm-1到约90,000mm-1
2.根据权利要求1所述的医疗装置,其中所述化学治疗剂选自:太平洋紫杉醇和其衍生物、多西他赛和其衍生物、白蛋白结合型紫杉醇、他莫昔芬、环磷酰胺、放射菌素、博莱霉素、更生霉素、道诺霉素、阿霉素、盐酸阿霉素、表柔比星、丝裂霉素、甲胺喋呤、氟尿嘧啶、吉西他滨、盐酸吉西他滨、卡铂、卡莫司汀、甲基-CCNU、顺铂、依托泊苷、喜树碱和其衍生物、苯芥胆甾醇、长春碱、长春新碱、戈舍瑞林、亮丙瑞林、干扰素α、视黄酸、氮芥烷化剂、哌泊舒凡、长春瑞滨、伊立替康、盐酸伊立替康、长春碱、培美曲塞、甲苯磺酸索拉非尼、依维莫司、盐酸埃罗替尼、苹果酸舒尼替尼、卡培他滨奥沙利铂、甲酰四氢叶酸钙、贝伐单抗、西妥昔单抗、雷莫芦单抗、曲妥珠单抗和其组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的医疗装置,其中所述化学治疗剂包括太平洋紫杉醇的多晶型物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的医疗装置,其中太平洋紫杉醇的所述多晶型物选自:非晶太平洋紫杉醇、结晶太平洋紫杉醇二水合物、无水太平洋紫杉醇或者其组合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的医疗装置,其中所述多孔衬底的孔体积为约65%到约85%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的医疗装置,其中所述治疗层具有约25nm到约75nm的厚度。
7.根据权利要求1所述的医疗装置,其中所述治疗层还包括赋形剂,所述赋形剂选自:2-羟丙基-β-环糊精、甲基-β-环糊精、十二烷基硫酸钠、辛基葡糖苷、脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇的聚乙氧基化脂肪酸酯、油酸、柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、丁基化羟基甲苯、D-山梨糖醇或者其组合。
8.根据权利要求1所述的医疗装置,其中所述医疗装置选自:手术支持物、疝贴片、钉、大头钉、支架和组织骨架。
9.一种用于处理组织的方法,包含将根据权利要求1所述的医疗装置施用到组织。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中用选自以下的固定装置进行将所述医疗装置施用到组织:钉、大头钉、夹子、缝合线、粘合剂或者其组合。
11.一种医疗装置,包含:
多孔衬底;和
治疗层,所述治疗层在所述多孔衬底的至少一部分上具有约25nm到约75nm的厚度,并且所述治疗层包括化学治疗剂,
其中所述治疗层的表面积与体积比为约500mm-1到约90,000mm-1
12.根据权利要求11所述的医疗装置,其中所述化学治疗剂选自:太平洋紫杉醇和其衍生物、多西他赛和其衍生物、白蛋白结合型紫杉醇、他莫昔芬、环磷酰胺、放射菌素、博莱霉素、更生霉素、道诺霉素、阿霉素、盐酸阿霉素、表柔比星、丝裂霉素、甲胺喋呤、氟尿嘧啶、吉西他滨、盐酸吉西他滨、卡铂、卡莫司汀、甲基-CCNU、顺铂、依托泊苷、喜树碱和其衍生物、苯芥胆甾醇、长春碱、长春新碱、戈舍瑞林、亮丙瑞林、干扰素α、视黄酸、氮芥烷化剂、哌泊舒凡、长春瑞滨、伊立替康、盐酸伊立替康、长春碱、培美曲塞、甲苯磺酸索拉非尼、依维莫司、盐酸埃罗替尼、苹果酸舒尼替尼、卡培他滨奥沙利铂、甲酰四氢叶酸钙、贝伐单抗、西妥昔单抗、雷莫芦单抗、曲妥珠单抗和其组合。
13.根据权利要求11所述的医疗装置,其中所述化学治疗剂包括太平洋紫杉醇的多晶型物。
14.根据权利要求13所述的医疗装置,其中太平洋紫杉醇的所述多晶型物选自:非晶太平洋紫杉醇、结晶太平洋紫杉醇二水合物、无水太平洋紫杉醇或者其组合。
15.根据权利要求11所述的医疗装置,其中所述医疗装置的孔体积为约65%到约85%。
16.根据权利要求11所述的医疗装置,其中所述治疗层还包括赋形剂,所述赋形剂选自:2-羟丙基-β-环糊精、甲基-β-环糊精、十二烷基硫酸钠、辛基葡糖苷、脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇的聚乙氧基化脂肪酸酯、油酸、柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、丁基化羟基甲苯、D-山梨糖醇或者其组合。
17.一种用于处理组织的方法,包含将根据权利要求11所述的医疗装置施用到组织。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中用选自以下的固定装置进行将所述医疗装置施用到组织:钉、大头钉、夹子、缝合线、粘合剂或者其组合。
19.一种处理癌症的方法,包含:
将在其上具有支持物的手术钉合器引入到患者,所述支持物在所述支持物的至少一部分上包括治疗层,所述治疗层具有约11nm到约218nm的厚度,并且所述治疗层的表面积与体积比为约500mm-1到约90,000mm-1;和
使用所述钉合器以去除器官的不希望的部分并且将所述支持物安放在所述器官的剩余部分中,包括将所述支持物钉合到组织并且切割所述组织。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述钉合器在肺上使用,并且所述治疗层包括化学治疗剂。
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