CN114592348B - 亲水性抗菌整理剂、织物的抗菌整理方法及抗菌织物 - Google Patents
亲水性抗菌整理剂、织物的抗菌整理方法及抗菌织物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114592348B CN114592348B CN202210500941.6A CN202210500941A CN114592348B CN 114592348 B CN114592348 B CN 114592348B CN 202210500941 A CN202210500941 A CN 202210500941A CN 114592348 B CN114592348 B CN 114592348B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种亲水性抗菌整理剂，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的组分:有机硅亲水性抗菌剂，0.01‑1份；有机硅偶联抗菌剂，1‑5份；水 94‑98.99份；其中，所述的有机硅亲水性抗菌剂具有如式I所示的化学结构。使用本发明的抗菌整理剂经过抗菌整理后制得的织物，具有优异的抗菌性能，抑菌性能持久；同时它的亲水性能经过50次洗涤后依然保持在很高的水平，从而可持久保持人体健康水平，维持衣服的穿着性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于纺织品的抗菌整理剂技术领域，涉及一种亲水性抗菌整理剂、织物的抗菌整理方法及抗菌织物。
背景技术
近年来随着生活水平的提高，人们的健康环保意识不断加强，在注重纺织服装的美观、舒适的同时，对其卫生保健功能提出了更高的要求，生产具有抗菌功能的纺织品是使人们免受或少受细菌侵害的有效途径之一，因此具有抗菌功能的纺织品越来越受到人们的青睐。
纺织品的抗菌卫生整理，是采用抗菌剂或抑菌剂处理织物，以获得抗菌、防霉、防臭、保持清洁卫生的纺织品的加工工艺。其目的不仅是为了防止纺织品被微生物沾污，更重要的是为了防止传染疾病，保证人体的安全健康和穿着舒适，降低公共环境的交叉感染率，使纺织品获得卫生保健的新功能，满足人们对卫生、健康的需求。
随着生活水平的提高，人们对生活环境的认识、生活质量要求在不断提高，特别是对健康的意识在不断增强。由于有害细菌在自然界分布非常广泛，而且种类繁多，数量庞大，严重威胁着人类的健康。由细菌传播感染产生的疾病，已构成了一大社会问题，引起广泛关注。有机类抗菌剂具有杀菌速度快，抗菌效能高，加工方便，颜色稳定等特点，使用历史长，在某些领域中有着不可替代的作用。用抗菌整理剂生产具有抗菌功能的纺织品是使人们免受或少受细菌侵害的有效途径之一，因此具有抗菌功能的纺织品越来越受到人们的青睐。
季铵盐类抗菌剂体由于价格低廉，杀菌速度快，已经被人们广泛研究和利用。国际上已经开发出4 代有典型意义的季铵盐抗菌剂；其中以道康宁公司开发的DC-5700有机硅季铵盐抗菌剂最具代表性，由于有机硅季铵盐抗菌剂在结构中将季铵盐和硅烷偶连剂相结合，使该产品同时具有了公认的耐洗涤性和优异的抗菌效果。但DC-5700有一个明显的缺陷，经其抗菌整理的织物具有极强的疏水性，使其应用场景受限。严重限制了其在内衣等与皮肤接触的织物上的应用。
开发出一种既具有良好抗菌性，又具备良好亲水性的抗菌剂，非常有必要。
发明内容
鉴于上述现有技术中存在的问题，本发明开发了一种亲水性抗菌整理剂，该抗菌整理剂用于织物的后整理，采用这种抗菌整理方法制得的抗菌织物，不但具有优异抗菌性性能，同时具有良好的亲水性。
本发明的技术方案之一是提供一种亲水性抗菌整理剂，包括以下重量份的组分:
有机硅亲水性抗菌剂，0.01-1份；
有机硅偶联抗菌剂， 1-5份；
水 94-98.99份；
其中，所述的有机硅亲水性抗菌剂具有如下式I所示的化学结构,
其中，R选自甲基、乙基、C3-C6烷基、乙烯基、烯丙基或芳环取代基；X1选自氯、溴、碘、对甲苯磺酰氧基、苯磺酰氧基、甲磺酰氧基；X2选自氯、溴、碘、对甲苯磺酰氧基、苯磺酰氧基、甲磺酰氧基； r=1-100; s=1-100；t=1-100；m=1-100；n=1-100。
在本发明的一较佳实施例中，r，s，t，m和n满足 r+s+t+3（m+n）的和大于或等于40，且小于或等于80。
在本发明的一较佳实施例中，上述有机硅偶联抗菌剂为二甲基十六烷基[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基]氯化铵、二甲基十六烷基[3-(三乙氧基硅基)丙基]氯化铵、二甲基十八烷基[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基]氯化铵、二甲基十八烷基[3-(三乙氧基硅基)丙基]氯化铵、二甲基二十烷基[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基]氯化铵、二甲基二十烷基[3-(三乙氧基硅基)丙基]氯化铵、二甲基十六烷基[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基]溴化铵、二甲基十六烷基[3-(三乙氧基硅基)丙基] 溴化铵、二甲基十八烷基[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基] 溴化铵、二甲基十八烷基[3-(三乙氧基硅基)丙基] 溴化铵、二甲基二十烷基[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基] 溴化铵、二甲基二十烷基[3-(三乙氧基硅基)丙基] 溴化铵、二甲基十六烷基[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基]碘化铵、二甲基十六烷基[3-(三乙氧基硅基)丙基] 碘化铵、二甲基十八烷基[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基] 碘化铵、二甲基十八烷基[3-(三乙氧基硅基)丙基] 碘化铵、二甲基二十烷基[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基] 碘化铵、二甲基二十烷基[3-(三乙氧基硅基)丙基] 碘化铵中的至少一种。
在本发明的一较佳实施例中，还包括pH调节剂，0.001-0.1份。
在本发明的一较佳实施例中，上述pH调节剂为盐酸、磷酸、醋酸、乳酸、羟基乙酸、柠檬酸或硫酸中的至少一种。
本发明的技术方案之二是提供一种织物的抗菌整理方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)配制抗菌整理液：按照上述亲水性抗菌整理剂的重量份和组分配成亲水性抗菌整理剂；
(2)将织物材料作为基底，将抗菌整理液以浸泡的方式作用到织物的表面，形成亲水抗菌复合层，浸泡的浴比为1:5-1:30，浸泡的时间为3-60分钟，压辊，轧余率50-100%；
(3) 在织物在80-180℃下焙烘3-10分钟，自然冷却至室温。
在本发明的一较佳实施例中，上述步骤（1）中还包括进一步加入pH调节剂0.001-0.1份，调节pH至3-6。
本发明的技术方案之三是提供一种抗菌织物，采用上述的整理方法制备而成。
有益效果
使用本发明的抗菌整理剂经过浸泡后整理制得的织物，具有优异的抗菌性能，对大肠杆菌抑菌率高，经50次洗涤抑菌率依然保持在99.9%的水平，抑菌性能持久；同时它的亲水性能经过50次洗涤后依然保持在很高的水平，从而可持久保持人体健康水平，维持衣服的穿着性能。另外，本发明将织物材料作为基底，将抗菌整理液以浸泡的方式作用到织物的表面，形成亲水抗菌复合层，其他方式，例如浸轧，喷涂，旋涂等可以类似的制备，所述的基底和亲水抗菌复合层之间通过共价键、静电力和范德华力连接连接，本发明的范围扩大包括这些类似的方法。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径得到。
本发明提供一种亲水性抗菌整理剂，包括以下重量份的组分:
有机硅亲水性抗菌剂，0.01-1份；
有机硅偶联抗菌剂， 1-5份；
水 94-98.99份；
其中，所述的有机硅亲水性抗菌剂具有如下式I所示的化学结构,
其中，R选自甲基、乙基、C3-C6烷基、乙烯基、烯丙基、苯基、苄基或芳环取代基；X1选自氯、溴、碘、对甲苯磺酰氧基、苯磺酰氧基、甲磺酰氧基；X2选自氯、溴、碘、对甲苯磺酰氧基、苯磺酰氧基、甲磺酰氧基； r=1-100; s=1-100；t=1-100；m=1-100；n=1-100。
在本发明中，上述有机硅亲水性抗菌剂是本发明亲水性抗菌整理剂的主要活性成分，目前市场上没有现成产品提供，本发明自行制备。
具体的，本发明有机硅亲水性抗菌剂的制备方法如下，
步骤（a），将式1化合物和式2化合物在第二反应溶剂中反应，反应温度为100-200℃，反应时间为12-72小时，制得所述的式3化合物，其中，R选自甲基、乙基、C3-C6烷基、乙烯基、烯丙基、苯基、苄基或芳环取代基；X1选自氯、溴、碘、对甲苯磺酰氧基、苯磺酰氧基或甲磺酰氧基；X2选自氯、溴、碘、对甲苯磺酰氧基、苯磺酰氧基或甲磺酰氧基； r=1-100; s=1-100；t=1-100；m=1-100；n=1-100。
步骤（b），在隔绝空气情况下，将式3化合物和式4化合物在第一反应溶剂中发生反应，反应温度为100-200℃，反应时间为10-200小时，得化学结构如5所示亲水性抗菌整理剂，其中，R选自甲基、乙基、C3-C6烷基、乙烯基、烯丙基、苯基、苄基或芳环取代基；X1选自氯、溴、碘、对甲苯磺酰氧基、苯磺酰氧基或甲磺酰氧基；X2选自氯、溴、碘、对甲苯磺酰氧基、苯磺酰氧基或甲磺酰氧基； r=1-100; s=1-100；t=1-100；m=1-100；n=1-100。
其中，第一反应溶剂可采用二甲苯，对二甲苯，甲苯，乙二醇二乙醚或DMF中的至少一种，第二反应溶剂可采用二甲苯，对二甲苯，甲苯，乙二醇二乙醚或DMF中的至少一种，上述r，s，t，m和n满足 r+s+t+3（m+n）的和大于或等于40，且小于或等于80。
有机硅亲水性抗菌剂I-1化合物的制备方法如下：
步骤（a）：式3-1化合物的制备
保持氮气微正压，向20 L反应瓶中依次加入5L 二甲苯，1.0 mol式1-1化合物和3.0 mol式2-1化合物，加完后，搅匀；反应液升温至100 ℃反应。保温反应72小时，反应完成。
反应液冷却至室温，向其中加入适量石油醚，冷却至0℃，析出大量固体，过滤，收集滤饼得到0.959 mol白色固体产品。
收率95.9%，产品滴定纯度99.4%。
核磁数据：1H NMR (400MHz，CDCl3)：δ2.65(t，6H)，3.42(t，12H)，3.51-3.87 (m，172H)， 4.02(t，12H)，4.42(t，6H)，4.52(s，6H)，4.57(s，6H)，7.73-7.83（m，90H）。
步骤（b）：式I-1化合物的制备
保持氮气微正压，向20 L反应瓶中依次加入5L 二甲苯，0.959 mol式3-1化合物，1.0 mol式4-1化合物氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷，加完后，搅匀；反应液升温至120 ℃反应。保温反应48小时，反应完成。
反应液冷却至室温，向其中加入适量石油醚，冷却至-20℃，析出大量固体，过滤，收集滤饼得到0.911 mol白色固体产品。收率95.0%，
两步反应总收率91.1%，产品滴定纯度：99.3%。
核磁数据：1H NMR (400MHz，CDCl3)：δ0.63(t，2H)，1.76(m，2H)，3.28(t，6H)，3.37(t，2H)，3.42(t，12H)，3.51-3.87 (m，181H)， 4.02(t，12H)，4.42(t，6H)，4.52(s，6H)，4.57(s，6H)，7.73-7.83（m，90H）。
实施例2-7中，分别采用有机硅亲水性抗菌剂式I-2化合物，式I-3化合物，式I-4化合物，式I-5化合物，式I-6化合物和式I-7化合物。其制备方法参考式I-1化合物，其结构通过核磁数据确证。
实施例1
有机硅亲水性抗菌剂（I-1）的结构如下所示：
0.1份式I-1化合物，3份二甲基十六烷基[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基]氯化铵和98.9份水，向其中加入羟基乙酸0.1份，调体系pH至3-6，得亲水性抗菌整理剂。
浴比1:10，将棉质织物放入该整理剂溶液中浸泡10分钟，然后通过压辊，轧余率80%，再将织物放入150℃烘房焙烘5分钟，将织物从烘房取出，自然冷却至室温即得到耐洗型亲水抗菌织物。
实施例2
有机硅亲水性抗菌剂（I-2）的结构如下所示：
0.3份式I2化合物，2.8份二甲基十六烷基[3-(三乙氧基硅基)丙基]氯化铵和98.5份水，向其中加入醋酸0.08份，调体系pH至3-6，得亲水性抗菌整理剂。
浴比1:20，将棉质织物放入该该整理剂溶液中浸泡15分钟，然后通过压辊，轧余率90%，再将织物放入160℃烘房焙烘4分钟，将织物从烘房取出，自然冷却至室温即得到耐洗型亲水抗菌织物。
实施例3
有机硅亲水性抗菌剂（I-3）的结构如下所示：
0.5份式I-3化合物，2.5份二甲基十八烷基[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基]氯化铵和98份水，向其中加入磷酸0.05份，调体系pH至3-6，得亲水性抗菌整理剂。
浴比1:5，将涤棉混纺织物放入该整理剂溶液中浸泡60分钟，然后通过压辊，轧余率100%，再将织物放入170℃烘房焙烘3分钟，将织物从烘房取出，自然冷却至室温即得到耐洗型亲水抗菌织物。
实施例4
有机硅亲水性抗菌剂（I-4）的结构如下所示：
0.01份式I-4化合物，2份二甲基十八烷基[3-(三乙氧基硅基)丙基]氯化铵和97份水，向其中加入柠檬酸0.04份，调体系pH至3-6，得亲水性抗菌整理剂。
浴比1:30，将棉质织物放入该整理剂溶液中浸泡10分钟，然后通过压辊，轧余率60%，再将织物放入160℃烘房焙烘4分钟，将织物从烘房取出，自然冷却至室温即得到耐洗型亲水抗菌织物。
实施例5
有机硅亲水性抗菌剂（I-5）的结构如下所示：
0.8份式I-5化合物，1.5份二甲基二十烷基[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基]氯化铵和96.5份水，向其中加入乳酸0.01份，调体系pH至3-6，得亲水性抗菌整理剂。
浴比1:15，将棉质织物放入该整理剂溶液中浸泡10分钟，然后通过压辊，轧余率80%，再将织物放入80℃烘房焙烘10分钟，将织物从烘房取出，自然冷却至室温即得到耐洗型亲水抗菌织物。
实施例6
有机硅亲水性抗菌剂（I-6）的结构如下所示：
0.1份式I-6化合物，1份二甲基二十烷基[3-(三乙氧基硅基)丙基] 溴化铵和98.99份水，向其中加入盐酸0.005份，调体系pH至3-6，得亲水性抗菌整理剂。
浴比1:10，将棉质织物放入该整理液中浸泡10分钟，然后通过压辊，轧余率100%，再将织物放入180℃烘房焙烘1分钟，将织物从烘房取出，自然冷却至室温即得到耐洗型亲水抗菌织物。
实施例7
有机硅亲水性抗菌剂（I-7）的结构如下所示：
1份式1-7化合物，5份二甲基二十烷基[3-(三乙氧基硅基)丙基] 碘化铵和94份水，得亲水性抗菌整理剂。
浴比1:20，将棉质织物放入该整理剂溶液液中浸泡10分钟，然后通过压辊，轧余率50%，再将织物放入150℃烘房焙烘5分钟，将织物从烘房取出，自然冷却至室温即得到耐洗型亲水抗菌织物。
对比实施例1：
1份DC5700和99份水配成有机硅抗菌整理剂溶液，向其中加入羟基乙酸调体系pH至6。浴比1:15，将棉质织物放入该整理液中浸泡10分钟，然后通过压辊，轧余率80%，再将织物放入150℃烘房焙烘5分钟，将织物从烘房取出，得到抗菌织物。
对比实施例2：
3份DC5700和97份水配成有机硅抗菌整理剂溶液，向其中加入磷酸调体系pH至5。浴比1:20，将涤棉混纺织物放入该整理液中浸泡60分钟，然后通过压辊，轧余率100%，即织物湿增100%，再将织物放入170℃烘房焙烘2分钟，将织物从烘房取出，得到抗菌织物。
性能测试
抗菌性：参考GB/120944.3-2008《纺织品抗菌性能的评价第3部分：振荡法》，菌种选择大肠杆菌，具体结果如表1所示。
亲水性：采用润湿时间测定方法：在平均温度25℃，平均相对湿度60%的环境中，将待测织物平铺绷紧在一个烧杯上，在距布面约3cm处使用胶头滴管滴一滴水，开始计时，直到水滴在布面上扩散至无镜面发射时为止，该时间为水滴扩散时间。水滴扩展时间越短，亲水性越好，具体结果如表1所示。
表1 实施例数据整理1-7和对比例1-2
由此可以得出，使用本发明的抗菌整理剂经过浸泡后整理制得的织物，具有优异的抗菌性能，对大肠杆菌抑菌率高，经50次洗涤抑菌率依然保持在99.9%的水平，抑菌性能持久；同时它的亲水性能经过50次洗涤后依然保持在很高的水平，从而可持久保持人体健康水平，维持衣服的穿着性能。
本领域的普通技术人员在本说明书的启示下和在不脱离本发明权利要求所保护的范围的情况下，还可以做出很多种的形式，这些均属于本发明保护之列。
Claims (8)
1.一种亲水性抗菌整理剂，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的组分:
有机硅亲水性抗菌剂，0.01-1份；
有机硅偶联抗菌剂， 1-5份；
水 94-98.99份；
其中，所述的有机硅亲水性抗菌剂具有如下式I所示的化学结构，
其中，R选自甲基、乙基、C3-C6烷基、乙烯基、烯丙基或芳环取代基；X1选自氯、溴、碘、对甲苯磺酰氧基、苯磺酰氧基或甲磺酰氧基；X2选自氯、溴、碘、对甲苯磺酰氧基、苯磺酰氧基或甲磺酰氧基； r=1-100; s=1-100；t=1-100；m=1-100；n=1-100。
2.根据权利要求1所述的亲水性抗菌整理剂，其特征在于，r，s，t，m和n满足 r+s+t+3（m+n）的和大于或等于40，且小于或等于80。
3.根据权利要求1所述的亲水性抗菌整理剂，其特征在于，所述有机硅偶联抗菌剂为二甲基十六烷基[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基]氯化铵、二甲基十六烷基[3-(三乙氧基硅基)丙基]氯化铵、二甲基十八烷基[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基]氯化铵、二甲基十八烷基[3-(三乙氧基硅基)丙基]氯化铵、二甲基二十烷基[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基]氯化铵、二甲基二十烷基[3-(三乙氧基硅基)丙基]氯化铵、二甲基十六烷基[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基]溴化铵、二甲基十六烷基[3-(三乙氧基硅基)丙基] 溴化铵、二甲基十八烷基[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基] 溴化铵、二甲基十八烷基[3-(三乙氧基硅基)丙基] 溴化铵、二甲基二十烷基[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基] 溴化铵、二甲基二十烷基[3-(三乙氧基硅基)丙基] 溴化铵、二甲基十六烷基[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基]碘化铵、二甲基十六烷基[3-(三乙氧基硅基)丙基] 碘化铵、二甲基十八烷基[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基] 碘化铵、二甲基十八烷基[3-(三乙氧基硅基)丙基] 碘化铵、二甲基二十烷基[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基] 碘化铵、二甲基二十烷基[3-(三乙氧基硅基)丙基] 碘化铵中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的亲水性抗菌整理剂，其特征在于，还包括pH调节剂，0.001-0.1份。
5.根据权利要求4所述的亲水性抗菌整理剂，其特征在于，所述的pH调节剂为盐酸、磷酸、醋酸、乳酸、羟基乙酸、柠檬酸或硫酸中的至少一种。
6.一种织物的抗菌整理方法，其特征在于，所述的抗菌整理方法包括如下步骤：
(1)配制抗菌整理液：按照权利要求1所述的亲水性抗菌整理剂的重量份和组分配成亲水性抗菌整理剂；
(2)将织物材料作为基底，将抗菌整理液以浸泡的方式作用到织物的表面，形成亲水抗菌复合层，浸泡的浴比为1:5-1:30，浸泡的时间为3-60分钟，压辊，轧余率50-100% ；
(3) 在织物在80-180℃下焙烘3-10分钟，自然冷却至室温。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种织物的抗菌整理方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（1）中配制抗菌整理液还包括进一步加入pH调节剂0.001-0.1份，调节pH至3-6。
8.一种抗菌织物，其特征在于采用权利要求6或7的整理方法制备而成。
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