CN107056830A - 一种有机硅两性离子抗菌剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种有机硅两性离子抗菌剂，其原料为含甲氧基或乙氧基的硅烷、两端为叔胺基的含氮化合物、含卤素原子的羧酸酯或盐及含环氧基的羧酸酯类化合物。它是含反应活性基团如甲氧基、乙氧基的硅烷两性离子抗菌剂，它们在水中水解为易水解的硅羟基，硅羟基在酸性、碱性及加热时通过缩聚成直链或网状高分子化合物，使其水溶性降低或根本不溶于水，从而固着在基材上起耐久抗菌作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于抗菌剂技术领域，涉及一种有机硅两性离子抗菌剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
许多阳离子表面活性剂有很强的抗菌作用，如十二烷基三甲基氯化铵、十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、双辛基二甲基氯化铵、双癸基二甲基氯化铵等，它们对大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为500mg/L、700mg/L、50mg/L、200mg/L，广泛用做消毒杀菌剂。 但它们都是阳离子表面活性剂，都不能与阴离子表面活性剂配伍，它们与阴离子表面活性剂同浴时生成不溶于水的凝聚物，失去抗菌性，或大大降低抗菌作用，而且它们的分子中都无反应活性基团，用于纺织品抗菌，都不耐洗，水一洗就被水带走了。有机硅季铵盐是一种广谱耐久的织物抗菌剂，但是有机硅阳离子季铵盐，也不能与阴离子表面活性剂配伍，而阴离子表面活性剂的去污力最强，一般洗涤剂产品都缺少不了，所以织物抗菌整理必须单独进行。在水性涂料中，大多用阴离子表面活性剂做乳化剂，有机硅季铵盐及其它季铵盐类抗菌剂都不能同浴使用。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的上述缺点，本发明提供一种有机硅两性离子抗菌剂及其制备方法，它是含反应活性基团如甲氧基、乙氧基的硅烷两性离子抗菌剂，它们在水中水解为易水解的硅羟基，硅羟基在酸性、碱性及加热时通过缩聚成直链或网状高分子化合物，使其水溶性降低或根本不溶于水，从而固着在基材上起耐久抗菌作用。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种有机硅两性离子抗菌剂，其原料为含甲氧基或乙氧基的硅烷、两端为叔胺基的含氮化合物、含卤素原子的羧酸酯或盐及含环氧基的羧酸酯类化合物。
所述含甲氧基或乙氧基的硅烷包括有氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷、氯丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷或氯丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷。
所述两端为叔胺基的含氮化合物包括有四甲基乙二胺、四甲基己二胺及四甲基丙二胺。
所述含卤素原子的羧酸酯或盐，含环氧基的羧酸酯类化合物包括有氯乙酸、氯乙酸钠、氯乙酸乙酯、溴乙酸盐、环氧烯丙酯及环氧已內酯。
一种有机硅两性离子抗菌剂的制备方法，其制备步骤是：
将含甲氧基或乙氧基的硅烷、两端为叔胺基的含氮化合物、含卤素原子的羧酸酯或盐及含环氧基的羧酸酯类化合物一次加入反应釜，以醇为溶剂，在40～100℃范围內反应3～8小时完成。
本发明的积极效果是：采用的含反应活性基团如甲氧基、乙氧基的硅烷两性离子抗菌剂，它们在水中水解为易水解的硅羟基，硅羟基在酸性、碱性及加热时通过缩聚成直链或网状高分子化合物，使其水溶性降低或根本不溶于水，从而固着在基材上起耐久抗菌作用；分子中含两个季铵基团和一个阴离子基团，不但能与阴离子表面活性剂配伍，而且亲水性抗静电性很强，用于处理织物尤其內衣、內裤、袜子等织物，亲水性增强，抗静电性增强，使许多疏水的化纤织物如涤纶、锦纶、丙纶、氨纶织物亲水了，抗静电了，用于涂料使涂料抗菌抗静电。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步说明。
一种有机硅两性离子抗菌剂，其原料为含甲氧基或乙氧基的硅烷、两端为叔胺基的含氮化合物、含卤素原子的羧酸酯或盐及含环氧基的羧酸酯类化合物。
所述含甲氧基或乙氧基的硅烷包括有氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷、氯丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷或氯丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷。
所述两端为叔胺基的含氮化合物包括有四甲基乙二胺、四甲基己二胺及四甲基丙二胺。
所述含卤素原子的羧酸酯或盐，含环氧基的羧酸酯类化合物包括有氯乙酸、氯乙酸钠、氯乙酸乙酯、溴乙酸盐、环氧烯丙酯及环氧已內酯。
一种有机硅两性离子抗菌剂的制备方法，其制备步骤是：
将含甲氧基或乙氧基的硅烷、两端为叔胺基的含氮化合物、含卤素原子的羧酸酯或盐及含环氧基的羧酸酯类化合物一次加入反应釜，以醇为溶剂，在40～100℃范围內反应3～8小时完成。
实施例一：在1000毫升，带回流冷凝器和带电动搅拌器的三口园底烧瓶中，加入氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷241克、四甲基乙二胺118克、氯乙酸钠120克、乙醇400克，在氮气保护，加热至80℃，回流十二小时，测季铵盐及羧基含量达到理论值的95%以上，停止加热，减压蒸出乙醇和未反应的四甲基乙二胺，用溶剂丙酮溶解产物，分离出未反应的乙酸钠，蒸出丙酮，用溶剂异丙醇配成含量40～60%的两性离子抗菌剂产品。
实施例二：在1000毫升，带回流冷凝器和带电动搅拌器的三口园底烧瓶中，加入氯丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷215克、四甲基己二胺174克、氯乙酸钠120克、异丙醇400克，在回流温度下反应15小时，测得游离叔胺转化率95%，游离氯乙酸小于1%时，停止加热，蒸出异丙醇，用丙酮分离出氯乙酸钠，得到硅烷两性离子抗菌剂，游离叔胺用双氧水氧化为氧化胺。
实施例三：在500毫升，带电动搅拌器的三口园底烧瓶中，加入氯丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷100克、四甲基乙二胺60克、氯乙酸乙酯65克、无水乙醇150克，加热回流反应12小时，分析游离叔胺转化率95%以上，未反应的氯乙酸乙酯及四甲基乙二胺经减压蒸馏蒸出，余下的产物经水解，加碱醇解，脱醇→中和，得到硅烷两性抗菌剂。
反应示意如下：
将实施例㈠所得到硅烷两性离子抗菌剂经广东省微生物检测中心检测，该两性离子抗菌剂（40%）对大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度为800 mg/L，折计算为含量100%的两性离子抗菌剂，对大肠杆菌的最低浓度为320mg/L,低于1227抗菌剂的700 mg/L，证明其抗菌作用比1227强。
Claims (5)
1.一种有机硅两性离子抗菌剂，其特征在于：原料为含甲氧基或乙氧基的硅烷、两端为叔胺基的含氮化合物、含卤素原子的羧酸酯或盐及含环氧基的羧酸酯类化合物。
2.如权利要求1所述有机硅两性离子抗菌剂，其特征在于：所述含甲氧基或乙氧基的硅烷包括有氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷、氯丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷或氯丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷。
3.如权利要求1所述有机硅两性离子抗菌剂，其特征在于：所述两端为叔胺基的含氮化合物包括有四甲基乙二胺、四甲基己二胺及四甲基丙二胺。
4.如权利要求1所述有机硅两性离子抗菌剂，其特征在于：所述含卤素原子的羧酸酯或盐，含环氧基的羧酸酯类化合物包括有氯乙酸、氯乙酸钠、氯乙酸乙酯、溴乙酸盐、环氧烯丙酯及环氧已內酯。
5.一种有机硅两性离子抗菌剂的制备方法，其特征在于制备步骤是：
将含甲氧基或乙氧基的硅烷、两端为叔胺基的含氮化合物、含卤素原子的羧酸酯或盐及含环氧基的羧酸酯类化合物一次加入反应釜，以醇为溶剂，在40～100℃范围內反应3～8小时完成。
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| EP0338487A2 (en) * | 1988-04-18 | 1989-10-25 | Dow Corning Corporation | Organosilicon quaternary ammonium antimikrobial compounds |
| CN103948626A (zh) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-07-30 | 南雄鼎成化工有限公司 | 一种用于皮肤的增效有机硅季铵盐抗菌剂及其应用 |
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| EP0338487A2 (en) * | 1988-04-18 | 1989-10-25 | Dow Corning Corporation | Organosilicon quaternary ammonium antimikrobial compounds |
| CN103948626A (zh) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-07-30 | 南雄鼎成化工有限公司 | 一种用于皮肤的增效有机硅季铵盐抗菌剂及其应用 |
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