CN114569663B - 一种药物组合物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种药物组合物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请公开了一种药物组合物及其制备方法与应用,涉及医药技术领域,所述药物组合物,包括如下重量份组分:10‑15份白芍、10‑15份延胡索、5‑10份地龙、5‑10份吴茱萸、5‑10份白附子和5‑9份甘草;通过将白芍、延胡索、地龙、吴茱萸、白附子和甘草混合粉碎,获得混合粗粉;其后将所述混合粗粉使用10倍重量75%乙醇浸出后,浓缩,获得1.2g/ml醇提稠膏,即为本发明中的药物组合物;该药物组合物旨在解决长期内服现有技术中治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛的口服药物容易产生副作用技术问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药技术领域,特别是一种药物组合物及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
祖国医学将带状疱疹后遗神经痛论述为蛇丹愈后痛,为带状疱疹皮疹愈合后持续1个月及以上的疼痛,是带状疱疹最常见的并发症,带状疱疹后神经痛(postherpeticneuralgia,PHN)为带状疱疹的后遗症之一,有18.7%的带状疱疹患者会出现PHN,其疼痛源于感觉神经损伤。中医认为,带状疱疹后遗神经痛乃因气血不行,络脉失荣所致;所谓“不通则痛,不荣则痛”。西医学认为本病的发病机制目前尚不明确,神经可塑性是其产生的基础,其机制可能包括:外周敏化、中枢敏化、炎性反应、传入阻滞、交感神经功能异常等。
目前治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛以西医治疗为主,主要是内服抗惊厥类、抗抑郁类、阿片类止痛药物及神经阻滞类药物进行治疗,虽然患者的疼痛可以因为暂时得到缓解,但长期内服所述药物容易产生副作用。
发明内容
本申请的主要目的是提供一种药物组合物及其制备方法与应用,旨在解决长期内服现有技术中治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛的药物,而容易产生副作用的技术问题。
为实现上述目的,本申请提出了一种药物组合物,包括以下重量份组分:
10-15份白芍、10-15份延胡索、5-10份地龙、5-10份吴茱萸、5-10份白附子、5-9份甘草。
优选的,所述药物组合物包括以下重量份组分:
10-12份白芍、10-12份延胡索、5-8份地龙、5-8份吴茱萸、5-8份白附子、5-8份甘草。
优选的,所述药物组合物包括以下重量份组分:
12份白芍、12份延胡索、8份地龙、6份吴茱萸、6份白附子、6份甘草。
优选的,所述药物组合物还包括基质组分,所述基质组分包括以下重量份组分:
10-20份明胶、5-12份卡波姆、0.1-0.6份交联剂、0.4-2份部分中和聚丙烯酸钠、2-5份聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、20-50份丙二醇、4-10份甘油和2-10份桉叶油。
优选的,所述药物组合物还包括基质组分,所述基质组分包括以下重量份组分:
10-15份明胶、5-8份卡波姆、0.1-0.4份交联剂、0.4-1份部分中和聚丙烯酸钠、1-3份聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、20-40份丙二醇、4-6份甘油和4-5份桉叶油。
优选的,所述药物组合物还包括基质组分,所述基质组分包括以下重量份组分:
10份明胶、6份卡波姆、0.2份交联剂、1份部分中和聚丙烯酸钠、3份聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、20份丙二醇、5份甘油和4份桉叶油。
此外,为实现上述目的,本申请还提供了一种如上所述药物组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)粉碎:将白芍、延胡索、地龙、吴茱萸、白附子和甘草混合粉碎,获得混合粗粉;
(2)药物提取:将所述混合粗粉使用10倍重量75%乙醇浸出后,浓缩,获得1.2g/ml醇提稠膏。
优选的,所述药物组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)粉碎:将白芍、延胡索、地龙、吴茱萸、白附子和甘草混合粉碎,获得混合粗粉;
(2)药物提取:将所述混合粗粉使用10倍重量75%乙醇浸出后,浓缩,获得1.2g/ml醇提稠膏。
(3)基质准备:将明胶、卡波姆加适量水浸泡溶胀后,加入交联剂水浴加热溶胀得I相溶液;另取部分中和聚丙烯酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、丙二醇、甘油混合均匀,并加入等份高岭土溶胀过夜得II相溶液;将所述I、II相溶液混合,得备用液;
(4)制备巴布膏剂:将所述醇提稠膏等分量加入所述备用液中,同时加入桉叶油充分搅拌至膏体均匀光滑,制得混合膏,其后将混合膏涂布于无纺布上并在40-60℃下烘60min,即得所述巴布膏剂。
优选的,所述交联剂为氢氧化钙。
优选的,制备巴布膏剂时的烘干温度为50℃。
此外,为实现上述目的,本申请还提供了一种如上所述药物组合物用于制备治疗络脉失养型、气滞瘀血型以及络脉失养型和气滞瘀血型共混的带状疱疹后遗神经痛的药物。
本发明的有益效果是:
1.相较于现有技术,本申请所述药物根据各药物组分间的君臣佐使,合理的加减配伍,使得各药味之间相辅相成,在显著改善带状疱疹后遗神经痛治疗效果的同时,降低了所述药物对人体的副作用,并且可以运用局部疼痛部位皮肤,降低血药浓度、延长给药时间间隔等特点。即本发明药物组合中君药白芍、延胡索活血化瘀,缓急止痛,以达到化瘀理气、缓急止痛之效;地龙、白附子祛风通络,吴茱萸入肝经散寒止痛,共为臣药;甘草为佐使药,白芍合甘草酸甘敛阴,本病后期,正气不足,络脉失养,阴液得生,络脉得滋,共达缓急止痛之功;甘草调和诸药,诸药合用,活血化瘀,通行气血,使阴液得复,以达到活血化瘀,缓急止痛之效,共同治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛。
2.采用本发明公开的原料及配比关系制备得到的带状疱疹后遗神经痛巴布膏剂的膏面光洁,黏着力适中,基质无残留,药物透皮吸收性佳,皮肤追随性较好,且并未使用天然橡胶,因此对皮肤刺激性和过敏性较小,使用舒适;其外本发明水溶性基质与药物相容性好,载量大,在温度、湿度变化的储藏条件下硬度适宜,不易变质,稳定性高。
附图说明
图1:巴布膏剂的快粘力测定实验图;
图2:巴布膏剂的内聚力测定实验图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
带状疱疹后遗神经痛,在许多老年人中表现为单侧皮肤神经痛,通常涉及一种或多种类型的疼痛:自发性疼痛、烧灼样疼痛、刀割样疼痛、异常性疼痛和痛觉过敏。受累部位的疼痛可能持续数月或数年并严重降低病人的生活质量。目前治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛以西医治疗为主,主要是内服抗惊厥类、抗抑郁类、阿片类止痛药物及神经阻滞类药物进行治疗,虽然患者的疼痛可以因为暂时得到缓解,但长期内服所述药物容易产生副作用;且会因为长期服用而导致耐药情况,疼痛反反复复,不能根治。
基于此,本申请提供了一种药物组合物,包括以下重量份组分:
10-15份白芍、10-15份延胡索、5-10份地龙、5-10份吴茱萸、5-10份白附子和5-9份甘草。
本申请所述药物根据各药物组分间的君臣佐使,合理的加减配伍,使得各药味之间相辅相成,相较于现有技术,本申请所述药物在显著改善带状疱疹后遗神经痛治疗效果的同时,降低了所述药物对人体的副作用。即本发明药物组合中君药白芍、延胡索活血化瘀,缓急止痛,以达到化瘀理气、缓急止痛之效;地龙、白附子祛风通络,吴茱萸入肝经散寒止痛,共为臣药;甘草为佐使药,白芍合甘草酸甘敛阴,本病后期,正气不足,络脉失养,阴液得生,络脉得滋,共达缓急止痛之功;甘草调和诸药,诸药合用,活血化瘀,通行气血,使阴液得复,以达到活血化瘀,缓急止痛之效,共同治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛。
在本申请所述实施例中,根据所述药物组合物的各组分性味归经、功能主治、主要成分及药理作用具体如下:
白芍:性味归经:苦、酸,微寒。归肝、脾经。具有养血调经,敛阴止汗,柔肝止痛,平抑肝阳之功效。《本经》曰:“主邪气腹痛,除血痹,破坚积,治寒热疝瘕,止痛,利小便,益气。”《别录》谓其:“通顺血脉,缓中,散恶血,逐贼血,去水气,利膀胱、大小肠,消痈肿,(治)时行寒热,中恶腹痛,腰痛”,《朱氏集验医方》中的芍药汤专治妇人胁痛。现代药理研究表明:白芍的化学成分主要为挥发油类、单萜类、三萜类及黄酮类化合物等,药理作用广泛,具有解痉、镇痛、抗惊厥、抗炎、抗菌、免疫调节及扩血管、抗血小板凝集等作用,毒副作用小,临床应用广。
延胡索:性味归经:辛、苦,温。归心、肝、脾经。延胡索具有活血、行气、止痛的功效,可用于血瘀气滞诸痛证,主要药效物质基础为生物碱类成分。现代药理研究表明,延胡索具有镇痛、镇静催眠、抗心肌缺血、抗脑缺血、抗溃疡、抗肿瘤、抗抑郁等药理作用,其中,延胡索乙素,即消旋四氢帕马丁(dl-tetrahydropalmatine,dl-THP)为主要镇痛物质基础,其左旋体止痛作用较右旋体强,对慢性持续性钝痛效果最佳,其镇痛程度甚至能达到典型镇痛药吗啡的40%。
地龙:性味归经:咸、寒,归肝、脾、膀胱经,具有平肝息风、清热止痉、通络、平喘、利尿的功效。主治热病发热狂躁、惊痫抽搐、肝阳头痛、中风偏瘫、风湿痹痛、肺热喘咳、小便不通等症。现代药理研究表面,具有纤溶活性的蛋白酶类成分,此外,还有脂类、核苷酸、微量元素等其他成分。还有其他研究表明,地龙提取物能明显地促进神经修复和再生并且具有增强免疫作用,从鲜地龙(品种不明)中提取的活性蛋白明显提高了机体免疫功能,包括提高巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,促进淋巴细胞的转化和BC反应的增强;同时也发现它对骨髓造血祖细胞有明显促进作用。
白附子:性味归经:辛、甘,温。有毒。归胃、肝经。白附子功效:燥湿化痰,祛风止痉,解毒散结。用于中风痰壅,破伤风,痰厥头痛,毒蛇咬伤,瘰疬痰核。现代药理研究表明:白附子主要化学成分包括挥发油类、有机酸类、氨基酸类、微量元素、含氮杂环类、脑苷类等,具有抗肿瘤、美白、抗粉刺、抗破伤风、抗中风、祛痰、抗炎、抗菌、镇静、止痛等多种药理作用,有着广泛的临床应用。其中,禹白附水浸液具有明显的协同戊巴妥钠催眠的作用,能不同程度地延迟因中枢兴奋剂戊四唑及硝酸士的宁所致小鼠惊厥的出现时间和死亡时间,减少小鼠扭体反应次数。禹白附与其他中药配伍用来治疗各种痛证,比如广泛用于治疗三叉神经痛、足跟痛、眉棱骨疼痛、癌痛、顽固神经痛等病症。
吴茱萸:性味归经:苦,归肝、脾、胃、肾经,功能散寒止痛,降逆止呕,助阳止泻。在传统医学中常用于治疗头痛、腹痛、产后出血、痢疾和闭经。现代药理研究表面:吴茱萸的主要成分为吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱。其中,有研究证实吴茱萸水煎液,对热刺激和醋酸所致的疼痛有抑制作用,且随剂量增大而延长,并且由学者认为其镇痛成分主要为吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱、异吴茱萸碱及吴茱萸内酯(即柠檬苦素)等。
甘草:性味归经:炙用偏温,归脾、胃、心、肺经,具有补益心脾、缓急止痛、调和药性、泻火解毒、润肺止咳的功效、主治脾胃虚弱,倦怠乏力,心动悸,脉结代等症。从古至今,甘草广为药用,在《神农本草经》中就将其列为药之上乘;医药家陶弘景将甘草尊为“国老”,有言:“此药最为众药之王,经方少有不用者”。由于其资源丰富,分布广泛,又有“十方九草”之说。大量研究表明炙法会使甘草中的化学成分甘草总黄酮增加,以及其他的化学成分组成发生变化,会对其药理作用和临床应用产生影响。现代医学研究表明炙甘草有抗抑郁、改善免疫功能、调节心律失常、抗肿瘤、抗炎等功效。大量文献表明甘草苷、甘草总黄酮为甘草发挥抗抑郁的基础物质,而炙甘草中甘草总黄酮、甘草苷的含量更高,更适用于治疗抑郁症。甘草多糖对机体免疫器官的促进作用,能提高机体的免疫功能。炙甘草中的甘草总黄酮具有良好的抗炎作用。
为了提高所述药物组合物的治疗效果,作为本申请的一些可实施方式对所述药物组合物的各组分用量作出了进一步限定,即所述药物组合物包括以下重量份组分:
10-12份白芍、10-12份延胡索、5-8份地龙、5-8份吴茱萸、5-8份白附子和5-8份甘草。
为了提高所述药物组合物的治疗效果,作为本申请的一些可实施方式对所述药物组合物的各组分用量作出了进一步限定,所述药物组合物包括以下重量份组分:
12份白芍、12份延胡索、8份地龙、6份吴茱萸、6份白附子和6份甘草。
在临床医学上,很多副作用是由于内服药物所产生的,而中医治疗的方式有很多,如在患处采用外敷方式进行治疗,不仅能使得药物直接作用于患处,还可以避免因内服而带来的副作用。
作为本申请的一些可实施方式,所述药物组合物还包括基质组分,所述基质组分可以用于将上述药物组合物制成巴布膏剂,直接敷于患处。
所述基质组分包括以下重量份组分;
10-20份明胶、5-12份卡波姆、0.1-0.6份交联剂、0.4-2份部分中和聚丙烯酸钠、2-5份聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、20-50份丙二醇、4-10份甘油和2-10份桉叶油。
本申请采用明胶、卡波姆、氢氧化钙、部分中和聚丙烯酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、丙二醇、甘油、桉叶油、高岭土十种做辅料,用于制备带状疱疹后遗神经痛巴布膏基质的依据是:巴布膏剂的基质主要由骨架材料、填充剂、胶粘剂、保湿剂、交联剂和交联调节剂等构成,基质的成分配比是决定巴布膏剂质量优劣的主要因素。本申请部分以基质中明胶、卡波姆、部分中和聚丙烯酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮共同起到胶粘剂的作用,采用部分中和聚丙烯酸钠作为胶粘剂时,邻近羧基的斥力使得聚合物发生膨胀,加入交联剂后,二价或三价金属离子可与聚合物骨架中的羧基官能团发生离子化反应,从而实现微凝胶固化。基质中高分子材料部分中和聚丙烯酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶解后迅速膨胀粘度很大,形成半透明胶状物包裹在尚未溶胀的高分子颗粒外,阻碍高分子材料颗粒进一步吸水溶胀,相互间不易混匀。因此将这二种高分子材料和高岭土采用等量固体混合均匀后,分散在丙二醇、甘油中溶胀过夜,再与水相混合,基质均匀混合效果较好。丙二醇在经皮给药制剂中常用作溶剂、保湿剂等,是良好的共溶媒,它能够溶胀和提取角质层中的类脂,通常制剂处方中含有丙二醇类化合物,能够提高药物在皮肤中的溶解度,进而影响药物在角质层,活性组织及透皮制剂间的分配系数,从而提高极性和非极性药物的经皮渗透特性。从天然产物中提取筛选有效的促进剂是当前透皮研究的热点,使用植物挥发油(包括萜、烯类及芳香族化合物等)作为透皮促进剂的研究日益引起人们的重视。此类天然物质,其毒性一般小于合成促进剂,作用于皮肤后可不同程度的改变其理化性质,破坏皮肤正常生理结构,从而达到促渗的目的;而桉叶油此类天然物质,可促进药物在体外产生较好的促渗作用。通过正交试验优选出的中和聚丙烯酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、氢氧化钙、甘油最佳配比,科学合理。
作为本申请的优选方法,所述基质组分包括以下重量份组分:
10-15份明胶、5-8份卡波姆、0.1-0.4份交联剂、0.4-1份部分中和聚丙烯酸钠、1-3份聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、20-40份丙二醇、4-6份甘油和4-5份桉叶油。
作为本申请的优选方法,所述基质组分包括以下重量份组分:
10份明胶、6份卡波姆、0.2份交联剂、1份部分中和聚丙烯酸钠、3份聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、20份丙二醇、5份甘油和4份桉叶油。
此外,为实现上述目的,本申请还提供了一种如上所述药物组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)粉碎:将白芍、延胡索、地龙、吴茱萸、白附子和甘草混合粉碎,获得混合粗粉;
(2)药物提取:将所述混合粗粉使用10倍重量75%乙醇浸出后,浓缩,获得1.2g/ml醇提稠膏。
基于上述制备方法所制得的药物组合物(即醇提稠膏)在显著改善带状疱疹后遗神经痛治疗效果的同时,降低了所述药物对人体的副作用。即本发明药物组合中君药白芍、延胡索活血化瘀,缓急止痛,以达到化瘀理气、缓急止痛之效;地龙、白附子祛风通络,吴茱萸入肝经散寒止痛,共为臣药;甘草为佐使药,白芍合甘草酸甘敛阴,本病后期,正气不足,络脉失养,阴液得生,络脉得滋,共达缓急止痛之功;甘草调和诸药,诸药合用,活血化瘀,通行气血,使阴液得复,以达到活血化瘀,缓急止痛之效,共同治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛。
在本申请一些可实施方式中,所述药物组合物还包括基质组分;则在这些可实施方式中,作为本申请的一些可实施方式,所述药物组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)粉碎:将白芍、延胡索、地龙、吴茱萸、白附子和甘草混合粉碎,获得混合粗粉;
(2)药物提取:将所述混合粗粉使用10倍重量75%乙醇浸出后,浓缩,获得1.2g/ml醇提稠膏;
(3)基质准备:将明胶、卡波姆加适量水浸泡溶胀后,加入交联剂水浴加热溶胀得I相溶液;另取部分中和聚丙烯酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、丙二醇、甘油混合均匀,并加入等份高岭土溶胀过夜得II相溶液;将所述I、II相溶液混合,得备用液;
(4)制备巴布膏剂:将所述醇提稠膏等分量加入所述备用液中,同时加入桉叶油充分搅拌至膏体均匀光滑,制得混合膏,其后将混合膏涂布于无纺布上并在40-60℃下烘60min,即得所述药物组合物,即巴布膏剂。
采用本发明公开的原料及配比关系制备得到的带状疱疹后遗神经痛巴布膏剂的膏面光洁,黏着力适中,基质无残留,药物透皮吸收性佳,皮肤追随性较好,且并未使用天然橡胶,因此对皮肤刺激性和过敏性较小,使用舒适;其外本发明水溶性基质与药物相容性好,载量大,在温度、湿度变化的储藏条件下硬度适宜,不易变质,稳定性高。此外,药物醇提稠物采用乙醇浓度为75%,过高的乙醇浓度会导致巴布膏制剂基质产生絮状浑浊,透明度变差;进一步的,卡波姆、明胶同时使用,可促进醇提稠物与基质的互溶性更好。
为提高巴布膏剂的膏体质量,作为本申请的一些可实施方式,所述交联剂为氢氧化钙。巴布膏剂制备中交联剂的选用十分重要,对比实验中考察了氢氧化钙、氯化铝对巴布膏剂物理性状的作用、选用氯化铝时基质呈分散状、无法聚合,选用氯化铝基质粘性弱,氢氧化铝少量即可使巴布膏剂基质聚集成块、无法延展铺布,只有氢氧化钙较易控制。一般来说三价阳离子作用强,不易控制,选用二价阳离子作为交联剂比较理想。
为提高所述巴布膏剂的快粘力及内聚力,作为本申请的一些可实施方式,制备巴布膏剂时的烘干温度为50℃。
下面结合具体实施方式对本申请所述药物组合物进行更近一步地详细说明,其中需要说明的是,下述实施例和对比例的制备方法均如上文所述,下面不再一一赘述,仅对药物组合物的功能组分和基质组分进行描述。
实施例1
本实施例所述药物组合物包括以下重量份组分:
功能组分:白芍15份、延胡索15份、地龙6份、吴茱萸8份、白附子8份和甘草6份。
基质组分:明胶20份、卡波姆10份、氢氧化钙0.6份、部分中和聚丙烯酸钠2份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮5份、丙二醇50份、甘油10份、桉叶油10份。
实施例2
本实施例所述药物组合物包括以下重量份组分:
功能组分:白芍12份、延胡索12份、地龙8份、吴茱萸10份、白附子10份、甘草10份;
基质组分:明胶15份、卡波姆8份、氢氧化钙0.4份、部分中和聚丙烯酸钠1.5份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮4份、丙二醇30份、甘油8份、桉叶油6份。
实施例3
本实施例所述药物组合物包括以下重量份组分:
功能组分:白芍12份、延胡索12份、地龙8份、吴茱萸6份、白附子6份、甘草6份;
基质组分:明胶10份、卡波姆6份、氢氧化钙0.2份、部分中和聚丙烯酸钠1份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮3份、丙二醇20份、甘油5份、桉叶油4份。
实施例4
本实施例所述药物组合物包括以下重量份组分:
功能组分:白芍20份、延胡索20份、地龙3份、吴茱萸2份、白附子2份、甘草2份。
基质组分:明胶15份、卡波姆6份、氢氧化钙0.1份、部分中和聚丙烯酸钠1份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮1份、羧甲基纤维素钠2份、丙二醇40份、甘油6份、桉叶油5份。
对比例1
本对比例所述药物组合物包括以下重量份组分:
功能组分:地龙6份、吴茱萸8份、白附子8份和甘草6份。
基质组分:明胶20份、卡波姆10份、氢氧化钙0.4份、部分中和聚丙烯酸钠2份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮5份、丙二醇50份、甘油10份、桉叶油10份。
对比例2
本对比例所述药物组合物包括以下重量份组分:
功能组分:白芍15份、延胡索15份、地龙6份、吴茱萸8份、白附子8份和甘草6份。
基质组分:明胶20份、卡波姆8份、氯化铝0.6份(交联剂)、部分中和聚丙烯酸钠2份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮5份、丙二醇50份、甘油10份、桉叶油10份。
对比例3
本对比例所述药物组合物包括以下重量份组分:
功能组分:白芍15份、延胡索15份、地龙6份、吴茱萸8份、白附子8份和甘草6份。
基质组分:明胶20份、卡波姆10份、氢氧化铝0.6份(交联剂)、部分中和聚丙烯酸钠2份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮5份、丙二醇50份、甘油10份、桉叶油10份。
对比例4 30℃下烘干巴布膏制剂
功能组分:白芍15份、延胡索15份、地龙6份、吴茱萸8份、白附子8份和甘草6份。
基质组分:明胶20份、卡波姆10份、氢氧化钙0.6份、部分中和聚丙烯酸钠2份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮5份、丙二醇50份、甘油10份、桉叶油10份。
对比例5 70℃下烘干巴布膏剂
功能组分:白芍15份、延胡索15份、地龙6份、吴茱萸8份、白附子8份和甘草6份。
基质组分:明胶20份、卡波姆10份、氢氧化钙0.6份、部分中和聚丙烯酸钠2份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮5份、丙二醇50份、甘油10份、桉叶油10份。
对比例6
本例同实施例1功能组分相同,不同的是基质组分不加入卡波姆。
实验例1
本实验例的目的在于验证所述药物组合物对皮肤的刺激性实验,具体实验内容如下所示:
取健康家兔(2.2±0.1kg)12只,雌雄各半,分为完整皮肤组和破损皮肤组,在给药前48小时,用6%硫化钠溶液将动物背部脊椎两侧脫毛,每侧面积约为50cm2,去毛后24小时检查去毛皮肤是否有因去毛而受伤,家兔的破损皮肤的制作如下:用手术刀将去毛消毒皮肤划破,以渗血为度,控制左右两侧皮肤的破损程度基本保持一致。
试验采用同体左右自身对照法:左右侧去毛区分别给予本发明药物实施例1-4组合制作成的巴布膏剂和空白对照,空白对照不予以药物涂擦,每天涂抹一次,连续给药7天;分别在停止给药后1、24、48、72小时观察给药部位有无红斑及水肿等情况,同时注意观察给药部位是否有色素沉着、出血点、皮肤粗糙等情况。结果表明,本发明制作的巴布膏剂连续给药7天后,在72小时内观察,家兔完整皮肤组与破损皮肤组均未见红斑、水肿等刺激性反应。
实验例2
本实验例采用热板法验证所述药物组合物对皮肤的刺激性实验,具体实验内容如下所示:
在室温22℃下,调节热板温度为55℃±0.5℃,将小鼠依次放在热板上,以舔后足所需时间(s)作为反应时间,将2次反应时间均值作为给药前基础痛阈值。其中凡舔后足时间小于5s或大于30s者弃之不用。选择合格小鼠24只,随机分成3组,每组8只,分别为空白组(不给药),实施例1组,实施例4组(基础痛阈值见表1)。按照上述分组结果,将相应同等剂量的巴布膏剂均匀涂擦小鼠腹部,用透气薄膜及纱布覆盖,并用医用胶布固定位置,每次给药后,药物至少接触4h,1次/d,连续给药3d。在末次给药后30min、60min、90min放置于热板上,记录其舔后足所需时间作为给药后痛阈值(结果见表1)。给药后,若反应有大于60s者,以60s计算。
表1:
由上述数据可得出:实施例1组药物组合物止痛效果同实施例4组、对照组有显著差异,而实施例4组、对照组无显著差异,由此可得出按照本发明中的药物之间的配比关系制备药物组合物疗效优异。
实验例3
本申请药物组合物对醋酸致小鼠扭体的影响。
雄性健康小鼠36只,随机分为3组,分别为对照组、1组、2组,对照组予以生理盐水,1组予以实施例1药物组合物,2组予以对比例1药物组合物,每组12只,实验前剃去小鼠腹部毛,在小鼠腹部给药,1小时后分别重复给药一次,然后立即腹腔注射0.6%醋酸溶液0.1mL/l0g,观察小鼠的扭体反应,以典型的后肢伸展,腹部扭曲,腹肌收缩为标准,记录15min内各组动物的扭体次数。结果显示,对照组与对比例1组差异无显著意义,而实施例1组与对照组、对比例1组有显著差异,详见表2所示。
表2
组别 | 剂量 | 扭体次数(次) | 抑制率(%) |
对照组 | / | 27.4±6.35 | / |
实施例1 | 0.2 | 10.52±4.53 | 70 |
对比例1 | 0.2 | 23.24±4.35 | 20 |
通过表2可以看出,实施例1组药物组合物与对比例1组药物组合物均有抗炎镇痛作用,但实施例1组药物组合物抗炎镇痛作用明显优于对比例1组药物组合物,二者制剂抗炎镇痛有着显著性差异;由此可推断,本发明中的6种中药是统一发挥效果不可分割的部分,否则会影响药物整体效果。
实验例4
不同交联剂下本申请巴布膏制剂的物理性质,见表3(注:表格中“+”越多,则效果越好)
表3
巴布膏剂制备中交联剂的选用十分重要,本实验中考察了氢氧化钙、氯化铝对巴布膏剂物理性状的作用,选用氯化铝时基质呈分散状、无法聚合,选用氯化铝基质粘性弱,氢氧化铝少量即可使巴布膏剂基质聚集成块、无法延展铺布,只有氢氧化钙较易控制。
实验例5不同温度涂布下巴布膏剂的快粘力测定
快粘力(tacking strength)是指在较小压力下,黏附在被粘物上的能力。巴布膏剂应用时,靠的是手指的压力,因此快粘力是很重要的性质。本实验采用滚球试验装置,如图1所示:从倾斜角为22.5°的光滑木质斜面上把13号不锈钢球(直径873mm)滚下,钢球经过放在水平位置的巴布膏剂粘着面,测得钢球经过距离表示粘性大小。测得钢球经过的距离小,表示快粘力大,反之则小。试验中以测得的最小值为100分,其余的按(最小值/测得值)×100计算得分。
实验例6不同温度涂布下巴布膏剂的内聚力测定
内聚力(cohesive strength)是指压敏胶本身的剪切强度,一般用压敏胶制品粘贴后抵抗剪切时的蠕变能力,即持粘力来度量。当巴布膏剂中基质具有足够的内聚力,那么制剂贴上后不会滑动且撕去后不留任何残余物。测定内聚力的方法,如图2所示:将3×3cm的巴布膏剂贴在垂直不锈钢板上,下端2cm处挂700g的砝码,测定砝码落下所需时间,测得落下时间越长表示内聚力越大。以测得的最大值为100分,其余的以(测得值/最大值)×100计算得分。
实验例4和5均反复重复测量20次,并取平均值,实验结果如表4所示。
表4
实验例 | 快粘力(厘米) | 内聚力(秒) |
实施例1 | 2.32 | 30 |
对比例4 | 1.42 | 8.2 |
对比例5 | 5.32 | 35.4 |
由表4可知得出,实施例1与对比例4比较,巴布膏剂中含有较多的水分,最后烘干的温度和时间很重要,若烘干温度过低,导致巴布膏剂含水过高,则保护膜撕不开或膏体内聚力较差;而与对比例5比较,烘干温度过高,导致巴布膏剂含水过低,则粘性降低,影响用药后皮肤表面水化程度,从而影响药物的释放和透皮特性。经过考察,按照优化处方组合及重量份数巴布膏剂在50℃下烘60分钟能取得较好外观、物理特性,外观光滑、平整均匀,具有良好的涂展性、保湿性,且黏着力适中。
实验例7
将实施例1-4巴布膏制剂与对比例6巴布膏制剂外观对比,发现在未加入卡波姆时,醇提稠物与巴布膏基质相融性不佳,在未加入卡波姆的巴布膏剂上,产生絮状沉淀,影响巴布膏剂的透明度。
实验例8临床实验
本发明中实施例1-4中的巴布膏剂均对带状疱疹后遗神经痛具有良好的治疗效果,且实施例3的效果为最佳,为了体现出本发明中的药物组合物对带状疱疹后遗神经痛均具有良好的治疗效果,本临床实验选择实施例1中的药物组合物,以此来证明其余更优实施例的治疗效果。
具体实验如下:
(1)收治患者性别及年龄范围:60例带状疱疹后遗神经痛患者,男36例,女24例。年龄最小41岁,最大85岁,平均61.4岁;病程最短60天,最长120个月,病变位于腰背胸腹45例,上肢10例,颜面5例,其中按照证型分类瘀血入络证40例,肝郁气滞证10例,络脉失养证10例。入选患者皮损均已痊愈,无开放性伤口,均自述皮损处疼痛难以忍受。而且在治疗前均接受过多种综合治疗。
(2)病例选择:
2-1、诊断标准:
符合带状疱疹诊断标准,皮损消退后4周局部仍留有疼痛者,并参照《中医病证诊断疗效标准》进行辨证分型。
瘀血入络证:单侧皮损疼痛明显,夜间加重。
肝郁气滞证:腰胁腹部疼痛为主,多在生气后加重。
络脉失养证:老年患者为主,疼痛缠绵,隐痛为主。
2-2、排除标准:排除自身免疫性疾病、恶性肿瘤、严重感染等。
治疗方法:沿疱疹疼痛带贴本发明实施例1中的巴布膏,早晚各一次,1周为1个疗程,连续治疗2个疗程后进行疗效统计。
2-3、观察指标:参照《中医病证诊断疗效标准》中蛇串疮的疗效标准,根据疼痛、睡眠、日常生活状况及每次涂药后疼痛消失时间等指标进行疗效评定。
痊愈:疼痛基本消失,睡眠正常,日常生活状况正常;
显效:疼痛明显减轻,睡眠、日常生活状况显著改善;
好转:疼痛减轻,睡眠、日常生活状况稍有改善;
无效:疼痛未改善,睡眠、日常生活状况差。
以痊愈、显效和好转计入有效率。并统计贴膏后平均疼痛消失时间。
2-4、不良反应及预后:记录治疗过程中患者生命体征变化及出现的临床不良反应。并在治疗后1年复诊及电话随访以观察患者预后。治疗结果见表5。
表5
每次贴膏后疼痛消失时间为25分钟。2个疗程治疗后1年,有6例患者复发,复发率为10%,但疼痛均较用药前明显减轻。
不良反应:用药期间未见不良反应,偶见部分患者治疗后期微有轻微瘙痒,经调整贴巴布膏时间后,得到缓解、控制。
从以上结果中可以看出:本发明所选择药物组合制作的巴布膏,对瘀血入络证、肝郁气滞证、络脉失养证三个证型带状疱疹后遗神经痛均有效。
以上所述仅为本申请的可选实施例,并非因此限制本申请的专利范围,凡是在本申请的发明构思下,利用本申请说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换,或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本申请的专利保护范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛药物组合物,其特征在于,包括功能组分和基质组分,所述功能组分由以下重量份组分组成:
10-15份白芍、10-15份延胡索、5-10份地龙、5-10份吴茱萸、5-10份白附子和5-9份甘草;
所述基质组分由以下重量份组分组成:
10-20份明胶、5-12份卡波姆、0.1-0.6份交联剂、0.4-2份部分中和聚丙烯酸钠、2-5份聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、20-50份丙二醇、4-10份甘油和2-10份桉叶油;
所述药物组合物的剂型为巴布膏剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛药物组合物,其特征在于,所述功能组分由以下重量份组分组成:
10-12份白芍、10-12份延胡索、5-8份地龙、5-8份吴茱萸、5-8份白附子和5-8份甘草。
3.根据权利要求1所述的治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛药物组合物,其特征于,所述功能组分由以下重量份组分组成:
12份白芍、12份延胡索、8份地龙、6份吴茱萸、6份白附子和6份甘草。
4.根据权利要求1所述的治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛药物组合物,其特征在于,所述基质组分由以下重量份组分组成:
10-15份明胶、5-8份卡波姆、0.1-0.4份交联剂、0.4-1份部分中和聚丙烯酸钠、1-3份聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、20-40份丙二醇、4-6份甘油和4-5份桉叶油。
5.根据权利要求1所述的治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛药物组合物,其特征在于,所述基质组分由以下重量份组分:
10份明胶、6份卡波姆、0.2份交联剂、1份部分中和聚丙烯酸钠、3份聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、20份丙二醇、5份甘油和4份桉叶油。
6.一种如权利要求1-3任一项所述的治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)粉碎:将白芍、延胡索、地龙、吴茱萸、白附子和甘草混合粉碎,获得混合粗粉;
(2)药物提取:将所述混合粗粉使用10倍重量75%乙醇浸出后,浓缩,获得1.2g/ml醇提稠膏;
(3)基质准备:将明胶、卡波姆加适量水浸泡溶胀后,加入交联剂水浴加热溶胀得I相溶液;另取部分中和聚丙烯酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、丙二醇、甘油混合均匀,并加入等份高岭土溶胀过夜得II相溶液;将所述I、II相溶液混合,得备用液;
(4)制备巴布膏剂:将所述醇提稠膏等分量加入所述备用液中,同时加入桉叶油充分搅拌至膏体均匀光滑,制得混合膏,其后将混合膏涂布于无纺布上并在40-60℃下烘60min,即得所述药物组合物,即巴布膏剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述交联剂为氢氧化钙。
8.一种如权利要求1-5任一项所述的药物组合物用于制备治疗络脉失养型、气滞瘀血型以及络脉失养型和气滞瘀血型共混的带状疱疹后遗神经痛的药物。
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