CN114532454A - Chinese herbal medicine feed additive suitable for liquid feeding for piglets - Google Patents
Chinese herbal medicine feed additive suitable for liquid feeding for piglets Download PDFInfo
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- CN114532454A CN114532454A CN202210205845.9A CN202210205845A CN114532454A CN 114532454 A CN114532454 A CN 114532454A CN 202210205845 A CN202210205845 A CN 202210205845A CN 114532454 A CN114532454 A CN 114532454A
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- chinese herbal
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
- A23L3/3472—Compounds of undetermined constitution obtained from animals or plants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for piglets, which is suitable for liquid feeding. The composite material consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of rhizoma kaempferiae, 10-20 parts of bryophyte, 10-20 parts of caragana flower, 10-20 parts of herb of common knotweed, 10-20 parts of common fenugreek seed, 5-10 parts of desmodium, 5-10 parts of epimedium herb, 3-5 parts of artemisia alba, 3-5 parts of common fenugreek herb and 1-3 parts of liquorice. The Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for piglets can effectively inhibit feed mildew. The Chinese herbal medicine feed additive provided by the invention is used in the piglet feeding process, so that the growth performance of piglets can be effectively improved, the immunologic function of the piglets is improved, and the anti-stress capability of organisms is enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of piglet feed, and particularly relates to a piglet Chinese herbal medicine feed additive suitable for liquid feeding.
Background
Liquid feeding, also known as liquid feed feeding, refers to a feeding mode in which food materials for pigs to eat are mixed with water, and then the feed is fed after being in a liquid state or a porridge state. Liquid feeding needs a certain technology and equipment foundation, a farm needs to install a full-automatic livestock and poultry liquid feeding system (liquid stockline for short), the technology utilizes modern advanced scientific technology to liquefy feed to form chyme, and efficient intelligent unmanned feeding is realized by utilizing mechanization and automation. The liquid feeding has the advantages of wide sources of applicable feed (such as fermented feed, wheat middling and the like), zero dust characteristic, improvement of the health degree of swinery, obvious feed saving, reduction of feeding cost, improvement of the overall benefit of a pig farm and the like. The liquid feeding meets the feeding habit of swinery, especially in the stage of piglets, after weaning, piglets suddenly feed solid feed to generate stress reaction, also called weaning syndrome, which causes piglet anxiety, anorexia, diarrhea and the like and influences the growth of piglets, and the liquid feed has water and nutrients, is convenient for the piglets to feed, reduces the stress reaction of the piglets, is convenient for the piglets to feed, is beneficial to the development of the gastrointestinal tract of the piglets, reduces the diseases such as piglet diarrhea and the like, promotes the digestion and absorption of food and then promotes the growth of the piglets, and is also the main reason that many newly-built large-scale farms adopt the liquid feeding technology and the liquid stockline at present. However, the liquid feed is extremely prone to putrefaction and deterioration and mildew and pest growth due to high moisture and nutrients of the liquid feed, a liquid material line needs to be cleaned and disinfected in time and in a whole system after each conveying and feeding is finished, the liquid feed in a later batch is polluted due to incomplete cleaning and disinfection, the putrefaction and mildew and pest growth are caused, toxic substances such as biogenic amine, mycotoxin and the like are generated, in addition, the storage period of the liquid feed is short, and special equipment is required for storage and transportation, so the application and production in a large-scale farm in China are limited. The prior liquid feed mainly adopts preservative to prevent corrosion, spoilage and deterioration and inhibit mould, mildew inhibitors which are allowed to be added in the feed processing process in China comprise propionic acid and propionate, formic acid, acetic acid and acetate, benzoic acid and sodium benzoate, sorbic acid and sorbate and the like, are all chemical substances, have certain pungent smell or bitter and unpleasant taste, can generate uncomfortable mouthfeel after being added, influence the feed palatability, have certain adverse effects on the nutrition and flavor of the feed, and further influence the normal growth and development of piglets.
The prior chemical drugs and antibiotics are widely and at high dose used in veterinary clinics, can promote the growth of piglets and improve the breeding benefit, and can generate serious negative effects on animal health, human health and environment, the application of the chemical drugs and antibiotics in livestock husbandry is completely forbidden in European Union and America at present, the feed additives of the chemical drugs and the antibiotics are completely forbidden in China from 2021, the breeding industry completely enters the stages of 'feed resistance forbidding and feeding resistance reduction', and therefore, the research and development of the pollution-free, residue-free and multifunctional feed additives capable of effectively replacing the chemical drugs becomes a key technical problem which needs to be solved urgently in the livestock industry. The Chinese herbal medicines are natural green plants, have two attributes of nutrition and medicine, have been applied to the raising of piglets, have the functions of promoting the growth and development of animals, improving the utilization rate of feed and the like, and are one of the main technical means of 'feed resistance prohibition and feed resistance reduction' at present. The traditional Chinese herbal medicine feed additive applied to piglet growth promotion at present is mainly used for adding dry materials (powder materials or granular materials) for feeding, and basically has no effect on the problems of putrefaction, deterioration, mildew and insect growth, short storage period and the like of liquid feeds.
Therefore, the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for the piglets, which is suitable for liquid feeding, is a product urgently needed by many newly-built large-scale farms at present, can well solve the problems of putrefaction, deterioration, mildewing and pest growth of liquid feeds, so that the storage period is prolonged to be short, the piglet can be conveniently eaten by the piglets, the stress response, diarrhea and other diseases of the piglets are reduced, the digestion and absorption of food and the development of the gastrointestinal tracts of the pigs are promoted, the piglet growth is further promoted, the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive is a product urgently needed by many newly-built large-scale farms at present, and has good economic, social and ecological benefits.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the piglet Chinese herbal medicine feed additive suitable for liquid feeding, the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive has scientific formula and strong operability in the preparation process, has good effects of inhibiting mildew, preventing corrosion and killing insects, and can effectively prevent the liquid feed from going bad and growing mildews and insects, thereby prolonging the storage period of the liquid feed; meanwhile, the additive has good palatability, can effectively improve the digestion and absorption capacity of piglets, reduce the feed conversion ratio, enhance the immunity and the anti-stress capacity, and promote the growth of the piglets.
The invention relates to a piglet Chinese herbal medicine feed additive suitable for liquid feeding, which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of rhizoma kaempferiae, 10-20 parts of bryophyte, 10-20 parts of caragana flower, 10-20 parts of herb of common knotweed, 10-20 parts of common fenugreek seed, 5-10 parts of desmodium, 5-10 parts of epimedium herb, 3-5 parts of artemisia alba, 3-5 parts of common fenugreek herb and 1-3 parts of liquorice.
The preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for the piglets comprises the following steps: soaking rhizoma Kaempferiae, herba Artemisiae Scopariae, flos Caraganae Sinicae, herb Polygoni chinensis, semen Trigonellae, herba Desmodii Styracifolii, herba Rhynchosiae Volubilis, herba Artemisiae Annuae, herba Desmodii Triquetri and Glycyrrhrizae radix together, freezing, sequentially extracting with 60% -90% ethanol and drinking water under reflux, mixing extractive solutions, concentrating, spray drying to obtain dry powder, and packaging.
The preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for the piglets comprises the following steps:
1) selecting materials: respectively screening and cleaning raw materials of rhizoma kaempferiae, pedicularis moschata, caragana flos, Chinese knotweed, fenugreek seed, desmodium, Rhynchosia volubilis, Artemisia alba, desmodium tea and liquorice, and removing impurities and rotten parts in the raw materials;
2) soaking: mixing the kaempferia galangal, the moldy part of the glace part, the pedicellus et pericarpium artemisiae, the caragana flowers, the leonurus, the fenugreek, the desmodium, the epimedium herb, the artemisia alba, the desmodium and the liquorice according to a solid-liquid weight ratio of 1: 2-5, adding drinking water, soaking for 10-15h, taking out and draining;
3) freezing: freezing the soaked and drained rhizoma kaempferiae, herba Artemisiae Scopariae, flos Caraganae Sinicae, herb Polygoni chinensis, semen Trigonellae, herba Desmodii Styracifolii, herba Rhynchosiae Volubilis, herba Artemisiae Annuae, herba Desmodii Triquetri and Glycyrrhrizae radix in a freezer at-5-10 deg.C for 15-24 hr, and naturally thawing at room temperature;
4) leaching: extracting naturally thawed rhizoma kaempferiae, pedicularis moschata, caragana flos, herb of Chinese knotweed, semen Trigonellae, herba Desmodii Styracifolii, herba Rhynchosiae Volubilis, herba Artemisiae Annuae, herba Desmodii Triquetri and Glycyrrhrizae radix with 60% -90% ethanol with mass concentration of 4-8 times of the weight volume of the medicine under reflux for 0.5-1.5 hr, collecting extractive solution a, extracting with drinking water with weight volume of 4-8 times of the medicine under reflux for 2-3 times at 85-95 deg.C for 0.5-1.5 hr each time, and collecting water extractive solution b;
5) concentration: mixing the extracting solution a and the extracting solution b in the step 4), and concentrating to obtain a concentrated solution with the relative density of 1.05-1.10 at the temperature of 40-60 ℃;
6) spray drying: adding beta-cyclodextrin which accounts for 1-3% of the weight of the concentrated solution into the concentrated solution, uniformly stirring, carrying out spray drying, and collecting dry powder;
7) mixing and packaging: and (3) carrying out vacuum packaging on the dried powder after spray drying in an aluminum platinum film-coated bag at the temperature of 15-25 ℃ and the humidity of 30-50% to obtain the feed additive.
The Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for the piglets can prevent the liquid feed for the piglets from mildewing.
The Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for the piglets is added into the daily feed (liquid feed) of the piglets according to the proportion that the feeding amount of the liquid feed for the piglets is 0.1-0.5 percent by weight, stirred for dissolution, homogenized and fed, and the feed additive is continuously added into the piglets from the weaning of the piglets to the length of about 40kg, so that the growth performance, the immunity and the anti-stress capability of the piglets can be improved; the additive can also be used for feeding piglet powder, or can be added into piglet basic ration formula in form of premix and granulated into granulated feed for feeding.
The invention has the following remarkable advantages:
1. the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive has scientific formula, the Chinese knotweed herb and the desmodium triquetrum in the formula have good bacteriostatic action on mould, the desmodium, the fenugreek and the epimedium herb have good insect repelling and killing action, and the synergistic application has better effects of inhibiting mould, preventing corrosion and killing insects, and can effectively prevent liquid feed from going bad and growing mould and insects; the kaempferia galangal, the fenugreek, the desmodium and the like in the formula contain volatile oil components, and the synergistic application has stronger inhibition effect on biogenic amine generation and the like in liquid feed; the auxiliary materials of the beta-cyclodextrin and the glucomannan gum which is the main component in the fenugreek have good adsorption effect on mycotoxin and also have good solubilizing, emulsifying, homogenizing, thickening, stabilizing and antioxidant effects on liquid materials. Therefore, the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive has scientific formula, has good effects of inhibiting mildew, preventing corrosion and killing pests, can effectively prevent liquid feed from rotting and deteriorating and growing mildew and insects, and inhibits biogenic amine and mycotoxin from generating, thereby prolonging the storage period of the liquid feed and well replacing chemical preservatives for adding and feeding the liquid feed.
2. The rhizoma kaempferiae in the formula of the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive has the effects of warming middle energizer, regulating qi, helping digestion, relieving pain and the like, the pedicularis moschata has the effects of tonifying qi, strengthening exterior, strengthening heart, calming nerves and the like, the mallow flower has the effects of nourishing yin, activating blood, strengthening spleen, helping digestion and the like, the desmodium cattail has the effects of inducing resuscitation, reducing phlegm, invigorating stomach, eliminating food retention and the like, the artemisia alba has the effects of clearing heat, detoxifying, helping digestion, resolving food retention, strengthening spleen, stimulating appetite, clearing heat, stimulating appetite, moistening lung, promoting salivation and the like, the liquorice has the effects of tonifying qi, invigorating spleen, clearing heat, detoxifying, harmonizing medicine property and the like, and the rhizoma kaempferiae has better effects of promoting digestive absorption, resisting stress, improving immunity, preventing diarrhea and the like when being cooperatively applied, so that the aim of promoting the growth of piglets is fulfilled.
3. The preparation process is reasonable and the preparation process has strong operability. The invention ensures that the fat-soluble components and the water-soluble components of the medicinal materials are extracted to the maximum extent together by soaking and freezing the raw materials such as the rhizoma kaempferiae, the bryophylls, the caragana, the polygonum chinense, the fenugreek, the desmodium, the epimedium herb, the artemisia glaucocalycis, the desmodium tea, the liquorice and the like, and adopting an extraction method of extracting alcohol and then extracting water, thereby ensuring the efficacy of the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive to the maximum extent.
4. The traditional Chinese herbal medicine feed additive applied to piglet growth promotion at present is mainly used for adding dry materials (powder materials or granular materials) for feeding, and basically has no effect on the problems of putrefaction, deterioration, mildew and insect growth, short storage period and the like of liquid feeds. The invention provides a Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for piglets, which is suitable for liquid feeding and aims at solving the outstanding problems of easy putrefaction and deterioration, mildewing and pest growth, short storage period and the like of liquid feeds through a Chinese herbal medicine formula, prolongs the storage period of the liquid feeds, and solves some adverse effects of poor irritation, bitter taste, palatability and the like caused by adding a chemical preservative in the current liquid feeds, and the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive can well replace the chemical preservative for feed addition; meanwhile, the additive also has good palatability, can promote digestion and absorption of piglets, improve the anti-stress capability and immunity of organisms, and prevent diarrhea of the piglets, thereby achieving the purpose of promoting growth of the piglets, which is deficient in the chemical preservative of the current liquid feed.
Detailed Description
In order to make the present invention more comprehensible, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
A piglet Chinese herbal medicine feed additive suitable for liquid feeding comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 15 parts of rhizoma kaempferiae, 15 parts of bryophyte, 15 parts of caragana flower, 15 parts of Chinese knotweed herb, 15 parts of common fenugreek seed, 8 parts of desmodium, 8 parts of epimedium herb, 4 parts of white bud artemisia, 4 parts of desmodium tea and 1 part of liquorice, and the total is 100 parts. The preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for the piglets comprises the following specific steps:
1) selecting materials: respectively screening and cleaning raw materials of rhizoma kaempferiae, pedicularis moschata, caragana, Chinese knotweed, fenugreek, desmodium, Rhynchosia volubilis, Artemisia alba, desmodium tea and liquorice, and removing impurities and rotten parts in the raw materials;
2) soaking: mixing the kaempferia galangal, the moldy part of the glace part, the pedicellus et pericarpium artemisiae, the caragana flowers, the leonurus, the fenugreek, the desmodium, the epimedium herb, the artemisia alba, the desmodium and the liquorice according to a solid-liquid weight ratio of 1: 5, adding drinking water to soak for 10h, fishing out and draining;
3) freezing: freezing the soaked and drained rhizoma kaempferiae, pedicellus et pericarpium Crassis, flos Caraganae Sinicae, herb Polygoni chinensis, semen Trigonellae, herba Desmodii Styracifolii, herba Rhynchosiae Volubilis, herba Artemisiae Annuae, herba Desmodii Triquetri and Glycyrrhrizae radix in a freezer at-10 deg.C for 15h, and naturally thawing at normal temperature;
4) leaching: extracting naturally thawed rhizoma kaempferiae, pedicularis moschata, caragana flos, herb of common knotweed, fenugreek, desmodium, herba Rhynchosiae Volubilis, Artemisia alba, desmodium triquetrum and Glycyrrhrizae radix with 75% ethanol with mass concentration 6 times of weight volume for 1 hr under reflux, collecting extractive solution a, extracting with drinking water 6 times of weight volume under reflux for 2 times at 90 deg.C for 1 hr each time, and collecting water extractive solution b;
5) concentration: mixing the extracting solution a and the extracting solution b in the step 4), and concentrating to obtain a concentrated solution with the relative density of 1.10 at 40 ℃;
6) and (3) spray drying: adding beta-cyclodextrin accounting for 3% of the concentrated solution by weight into the concentrated solution, uniformly stirring, carrying out spray drying, and collecting dry powder;
7) mixing and packaging: and (3) carrying out vacuum packaging on the dried powder after spray drying in an aluminum platinum film-coated bag in an environment with the temperature of 20 ℃ and the humidity of 40% to obtain the feed additive.
Example 2
The piglet Chinese herbal medicine feed additive obtained in example 1 was added to a sterilized potato sucrose culture medium to make final mass concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5%, respectively, to prepare a culture medium plate. A culture medium plate without the addition of the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for the piglets is used as a control. Washing spores growing on the inclined planes of mucor, rhizopus, penicillium and aspergillus niger to be tested into a triangular flask filled with glass beads by using sterile water, fully shaking, respectively sucking one drop of the spores to inoculate the spores on a culture medium plate, culturing at 22 ℃, measuring the colony size for 1 time every 48 hours, and repeatedly measuring for 3 times in each treatment.
TABLE 1 feed additive mould inhibition test
Note: data refer to colony diameter in cm; "-" indicates no hyphae growth.
As can be seen from the table 1, when the mass concentration of the piglet Chinese herbal medicine additive is 0.1%, the inhibition time of the piglet Chinese herbal medicine additive on mucor and rhizopus can reach 6 days, the inhibition on penicillium can reach 4 days, and the inhibition on aspergillus niger can reach 2 days; when the mass concentration of the piglet Chinese herbal medicine additive is 0.3%, the inhibition time of the piglet Chinese herbal medicine additive on mucor, rhizopus and penicillium can reach 6 days, and the inhibition on aspergillus niger can reach 4 days; the Chinese herbal medicine additive for the piglets can inhibit mucor, rhizopus, penicillium and aspergillus niger for 6 days when the mass concentration is 0.5%. The result shows that the Chinese herbal medicine additive for the piglets has obvious inhibition effect on mucor, rhizopus, penicillium and aspergillus niger.
Example 3
Adding sterile water into the complete feed for the piglets, adjusting the water content to be 60%, placing the feed into a sterilization container, adding the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive obtained in the example 1 into the complete feed for the piglets according to the weight ratio of 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% respectively, stirring and homogenizing, placing at 25 ℃ for storage, observing the mildew condition of the feed, recording for 4 times every day, and repeating the treatment for 3 times. The complete feed for piglets without the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for piglets is used as a control.
TABLE 2 feed inhibition mould test after additive addition
As can be seen from Table 2, the normal liquid feed can be stored for only 1 day at normal temperature (25 ℃), starts to mildew the next day and starts to mildew and agglomerate on the 3 rd day; after the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive with the weight ratio of 0.1% is added into the feed, the growth of mould hyphae in the feed is started from the 4 th day, and the storage period of the feed is prolonged to 3 days; after the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive with the weight ratio of 0.3% is added into the feed, the mould hyphae grow in the feed from the 5 th day, and the storage period of the feed can be prolonged to 4 days; after the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive with the weight ratio of 0.5 percent is added into the feed, no hypha growth is observed in the feed at the 5 th day, and the storage period of the feed can be prolonged to 5 days. The results show that the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive can obviously inhibit the mildew of liquid feed, thereby obviously prolonging the storage period of the feed.
Example 4
The feed additive prepared in example 1 was liquid fed at various dosages and compared with conventional liquid feeding (without the addition of herbal feed additives).
The test is divided into 3 feed additive test groups (respectively adding Chinese herbal medicine feed additives according to the weight ratio of 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% of the basal ration of piglets) and a control group (not adding Chinese herbal medicine feed additives), and the total number of the treatment is 4, each treatment is provided with 3 repetitions, and each repetition is 10 weaned piglets.
The trial was scheduled for feeding 28d (4 weeks) with 5 days of pre-trial. The same batch of 120 healthy piglets 3-5d after weaning are selected for the test, the average weight is 9.46 +/-0.25 kg, the piglets are marked with the ear numbers (or other marks) one by one, and the piglets are selected and classified according to the following principle: firstly, sex: the male pigs need to be castrated in each half of the male and female pigs; II, variety: an outer ternary element; and thirdly, the weights are consistent as much as possible, and according to the weight grades, the grade distribution of the piglets of each test group is consistent with the number of the piglets.
The basic ration is prepared according to the recommended amount of the nutrition requirement of NRC (2002) piglets, the composition and the nutrition level of the basic ration in a specific test pig farm are shown in a table 3, and the feed additive is directly added into the basic ration according to the weight ratio of 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% of the basic ration, stirred and homogenized and then fed. During the test period, the feeding is divided into 2 times according to the proportion every day, the amount is adjusted every day, and less feeding are achieved as much as possible. The piglets are fed and drunk freely, and other feeding management and immunization programs are consistent with those of a pig farm.
TABLE 3 basal diet and nutritional ingredients for piglets
The test pigs were weighed on an empty stomach, head by head, at 08: 00 days 1, 15 and 29 morning of the test, respectively. The ingestion condition of the test pigs is recorded in the whole process (every day), and the occurrence conditions of diarrhea, edema, emaciation, ear-biting tail and the like are observed and recorded.
Average Daily Gain (ADG) (final-initial group gross)/(days of experiment × group number);
feed-to-meat ratio (F/G) ═ Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI)/Average Daily Gain (ADG);
diarrhea incidence (%) × (number of heads diarrhea per group × number of days diarrhea)/(number of heads per group × number of days of the trial) × 100;
the incidence (%) of weaning syndrome (number of piglets with diarrhea, edema, emaciation, and biting of the ear tail per group x number of days of occurrence)/(number of piglets per group x number of days of trial) × 100.
The results are shown in Table 4. From table 4, it can be derived: under the same feeding condition, compared with a control group (without the feed additive), the average daily gain of piglets of the treatment groups with different dosages of the feed additive is improved to different degrees, and the Average Daily Gain (ADG) is improved by 0.03-0.08 kg/head-day; the feed conversion ratio is obviously reduced by 13.2 to 20.5 percent; the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive has a remarkable prevention effect on the diarrhea of piglets, and the incidence rate of the diarrhea of piglets in a feed additive test group is reduced by 74.2-86.0 percent compared with that in a control group; meanwhile, the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive has obvious improvement effect on the anti-stress capability of piglets, and the incidence rate of weaning syndrome of piglets in a feed additive test group is obviously reduced by 49.5-60.8% compared with that in a control group. The results show that the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive can obviously improve the digestion and absorption capacity of the weaned pigs, obviously reduce the feed conversion ratio, obviously improve the anti-stress capacity of the weaned pigs, and obviously reduce the occurrence of weaning syndromes and diarrhea of the piglets, thereby promoting the growth of the piglets.
TABLE 4 results of the effect of feed additives on growth performance of weaned piglets, diarrhea and weaning syndrome of piglets
Note: different English letters in the same row indicate that the comparison has significant difference (P < 0.05).
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for piglets, which is suitable for liquid feeding, is characterized in that: the piglet Chinese herbal medicine feed additive comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of rhizoma kaempferiae, 10-20 parts of bryophyte, 10-20 parts of caragana flower, 10-20 parts of herb of common knotweed, 10-20 parts of common fenugreek seed, 5-10 parts of desmodium, 5-10 parts of epimedium herb, 3-5 parts of artemisia alba, 3-5 parts of common fenugreek herb and 1-3 parts of liquorice.
2. A method for preparing a piglet Chinese herbal medicine feed additive as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following steps: soaking rhizoma Kaempferiae, herba Artemisiae Scopariae, flos Caraganae Sinicae, herb Polygoni chinensis, semen Trigonellae, herba Desmodii Styracifolii, herba Rhynchosiae Volubilis, herba Artemisiae Annuae, herba Desmodii Triquetri and Glycyrrhrizae radix together, freezing, sequentially extracting with 60% -90% ethanol and drinking water under reflux, mixing extractive solutions, concentrating, spray drying to obtain dry powder, and packaging.
3. The preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for the piglets according to the claim 2, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
1) selecting materials: respectively screening and cleaning raw materials of rhizoma kaempferiae, pedicularis moschata, caragana carinata, Chinese knotweed, fenugreek, desmodium, Rhynchosia volubilis, Artemisia alba, desmodium tea and liquorice, and removing impurities and rotten parts in the raw materials;
2) soaking: mixing the kaempferia galangal, the moldy part of the glace part, the pedicellus et pericarpium artemisiae, the caragana flowers, the leonurus, the fenugreek, the desmodium, the epimedium herb, the artemisia alba, the desmodium and the liquorice according to a solid-liquid weight ratio of 1: 2-5, adding drinking water, soaking for 10-15h, taking out and draining;
3) freezing: freezing the soaked and drained rhizoma kaempferiae, herba Artemisiae Scopariae, flos Caraganae Sinicae, herb Polygoni chinensis, semen Trigonellae, herba Desmodii Styracifolii, herba Rhynchosiae Volubilis, herba Artemisiae Annuae, herba Desmodii Triquetri and Glycyrrhrizae radix in a freezer at-5-10 deg.C for 15-24 hr, and naturally thawing at room temperature;
4) leaching: refluxing and extracting the naturally thawed rhizoma kaempferiae, pedicularis moschata, caragana sinica, polygonum chinensis, fenugreek, desmodium, epimedium herb, artemisia alba, desmodium triquetrum and liquorice for 0.5 to 1.5 hours by using ethanol with the mass concentration of 60 to 90 percent and the weight and volume of 4 to 8 times of the weight and volume of the medicines, collecting an extracting solution a, then refluxing and extracting for 2 to 3 times by using drinking water with the weight and volume of 4 to 8 times of the weight and volume of the medicines at the temperature of 85 to 95 ℃ for 0.5 to 1.5 hours each time, and collecting an extracting solution b;
5) and (3) concentrating: mixing the extractive solutions a and b of step 4), and concentrating to relative density of 1.05-1.10 at 40-60 deg.C
Concentrating the solution;
6) spray drying: adding beta-cyclodextrin which accounts for 1-3% of the weight of the concentrated solution into the concentrated solution, uniformly stirring, carrying out spray drying, and collecting dry powder;
7) packaging: and (3) carrying out vacuum packaging on the dried powder after spray drying in an aluminum platinum film-coated bag at the temperature of 15-25 ℃ and the humidity of 30-50% to obtain the feed additive.
4. The piglet Chinese herbal medicine feed additive of claim 1 is applied to preventing liquid feed of piglets from mildewing.
5. The use of a piglet Chinese herbal feed additive according to claim 1 in the preparation of a liquid feed for improving the growth performance of piglets.
6. The use of a piglet Chinese herbal feed additive according to claim 1 in the preparation of a liquid feed for enhancing piglet immunity.
7. The use of a piglet Chinese herbal feed additive according to claim 1 in the preparation of a liquid feed for improving the piglet anti-stress ability.
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