RU2791554C1 - Method for increasing the efficiency of growing sturgeon fish seed - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes enrichment of feed with phytobiotic dried garlic powder in doses of 15 or 30 g/kg of feed mass, humic preparation Humiton based on humic acid content of 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg of feed mass. Cultivation of sturgeon fry is carried out at an aquatic temperature of 18-20ºС, acidity pH 7.0-8.0, dissolved oxygen content in the aquatic environment of 7.0-9.0 mg/l, nitrite NO₂ 0-0.01 mg/dm³.

EFFECT: increase in the efficiency of production of sturgeon fish seed in aquaculture complexes and farms.

6 cl, 6 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, veterinary science and fish farming, in particular to methods for optimizing the process of growing fish stock of valuable fish species, specifically juvenile sturgeon of the Siberian sturgeon family.

In modern aquaculture, to increase its efficiency, preparations based on food and medicinal plants, called phytobiotics, are increasingly being used. These funds exhibit stress-regulating, antioxidant, immunomodulatory activities; effective against pathogenic microbes, viruses, helminths and protozoa; contribute to the normalization of the function of the digestive system, increase the appetite and attractiveness of food, improve its absorption and, as a result, contribute to more effective weight gain. As phytobiotics, the biomass of various parts of plants, their preparations (extracts and tinctures), or biologically active compounds isolated from them are used. They can be used both to enrich basic feeds and to introduce objects into the habitat (Prasanta J. et al. Phytobiotics in aquaculture health management: A review // Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2018; 6(4): 1422-1429 ) [1].

A known method of obtaining a complex biologically active feed additive for sturgeons from the patent RU 2506810, A23K 1/165, publ. February 20, 2014 [2]. The method involves obtaining liquid cultures of bacteria-probiotics Cellulomonas uda ATCC 491, Bacillus subtilis VKPM B-8130, Bacillus subtilis VKPM B-2984, Bacillus subtilis VKPM B-4099 and Bacillus licheniformis VKPM B-4162 by their separate deep cultivation on nutrient media of a given composition . The resulting cultures are mixed, solid-phase fermentation is carried out under conditions of limited oxygen access and dried to a moisture content of 8-10%. Beet pulp treated with cellulolytic enzyme and enriched with Saccharomyces cerevisiae fodder yeast fermentolysate is used as a carrier for solid-phase fermentation. Dry powders of Echinacea purpurea and milk thistle fruits are added to the dried product. The resulting mixture is stirred and subjected to crushing until a homogeneous product is obtained.

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the preparation of feed additives.

In general, the disadvantage of the presented methods is the high complexity of manufacturing additives, the difficulty of their standardization and the cost of the described preventive and therapeutic measures.

There is also known a method for increasing the efficiency of growing juvenile fish from patent RU No. 2582340, A01K61/00, publ. 04/27/2016 [3], which includes the addition of the humic preparation Gumiton to the aquatic habitat based on humic compounds of lowland peat with a concentration of 1% of the compound in doses from 0.26 to 6.50 mg per liter of the aquatic environment, while the humic compound includes: humic acids - 0.2-5.0 mg/l; fulvic acids - 0.06-1.5 mg/l and amino acids are additionally introduced - 0.0000122-0.00034 mg/l; macronutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, calcium - 0.05228-1.307 mg / l; trace elements: potassium, magnesium, sodium, manganese, zinc, copper - 0.000818-0.02045 mg/l; vitamins A, E; B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, BC, K3 - 0.0000512-0.00128 mg/l; sugar 0.0066-0.165 mg/l; fat 0.0078-0.195 mg/l.

The disadvantage of this invention is that the humic preparation is introduced into the habitat, and not into the feed.

A known method for increasing the efficiency of growing nelma fry from patent RU No. 2755195, A23K 50/80, A23K 20/174, publ. September 14, 2021 [4]. As a result of the enrichment of the base feed of juveniles with commercial dried garlic powder at doses of 5 and 30 g/kg. The use of this feed helps to increase the survival rate of juvenile fish by 1.6-10%; increase in length by 5.6-6.6%, live weight by 14.4-19.9%, efficiency of daily weight gain by 28.7-40.1% compared with the control.

The disadvantage of this method is the limitation of the use of the garlic preparation in objects with a final weight not exceeding 370.25 ± 27.57 mg, which is not enough to use these objects as sturgeon fish stock, the mass of which should not be less than 3000 mg.

The disadvantage of this method is the limitation of the use of the garlic preparation in objects with a final weight not exceeding 370.25 ± 27.57 mg, which is not enough to use these objects as sturgeon fish stock, the mass of which should not be less than 3000 mg.

There is also known a method for increasing the efficiency of growing sturgeon fry from patent RU 2725801, A01K61/00, publ. 07/06/2020 [5], which includes enrichment of feed with a phytogenic drug, characterized in that as a phytogenic drug, the feed includes a liquid preparation of hawthorn fruits Crataegi tinctura with a dry matter content of at least 1.0%, based on the dry matter content of 0.001% to 0.1% by weight of the feed, while the feed additionally includes antioxidants: polyphenols, flavonoids, vitamins E, C, A.

The disadvantage of this patent is that a pharmaceutical alcohol tincture is used as a preparation of hawthorn.

The technical objective of the invention is to develop a method for increasing the efficiency of growing fish seed in order to increase viability, stimulate mass, reduce the incidence and mortality of valuable fish species, specifically juvenile sturgeon of the Siberian sturgeon family .

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the method for increasing the efficiency of the production of sturgeon seeding material includes the enrichment of feed with preparations of natural origin, while as preparations of natural origin, the composition of the feed includes:

- phytobiotic dried garlic powder in doses of 15 or 30 g/kg of feed weight;

- humic preparation Humiton based on the content of humic acids 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg of feed mass,

at the same time, the conditions for growing sturgeon fry are as follows: the temperature of the aquatic environment is 18-20 ° C, the acidity is pH 7.0-8.0, the content of dissolved oxygen in the aquatic environment is 7.0-9.0 mg/l, nitrite NO ₂ 0- 0.01 mg / dm ³ .

Dried garlic powder additionally includes a complex of biologically active water- and fat-soluble organosulfur compounds, vitamins B1, B2, C, PP, beta-carotene.

As a phytobiotic preparation in the composition of the feed, a commercial product is dried garlic powder, produced according to GOST 16729-71 with a mass fraction of moisture of not more than 8%, while the most preferred content of dried garlic powder is 30 g/kg feed weight.

As a humic preparation, Humiton is used, standardized by the content of humic acids, and additionally containing fulvic acids, amino acids, vitamins, macro- and microelements.

The most preferable is the use of Humiton based on the content of humic acids 1 g/kg of feed weight.

Disclosure of the essence of the invention.

It is known that in the natural habitat of sturgeons, the maximum coefficients of commercial return (the amount of commercial catch that can be obtained within a certain number of years from the currently available number of initial early stages of fish) are 0.0001738-0.01018%. When restoring the sturgeon population and using planting material at the age of larvae, the commercial return is estimated at the level of 0.01-0.1%, and when using grown juveniles weighing 3-8 g - 3-5%, which is at least 100 times more economically profitable. At present, the fishery return rate for sturgeon is taken as a standard at the level of 3%, which implies the use of 3.0 g of juveniles for stocking. But in reality, the survival of hatchery juveniles to commercial size is less than 1%. The commercial return directly depends on the size and physiological state of the released planting material, and the results of the introduction of large planting material into water bodies are more significant.

The use of dry garlic powder and a humic preparation as an additive to standard feed in the proposed method suggests advantages over antibiotics and other preparations of synthetic origin used to increase the efficiency of production of fish stock. These components in physiological doses do not cause a damaging effect on other organs and systems, on the contrary, they contribute to the general strengthening effect of biologically active substances of plant origin on the fish body, increase the attractiveness and improve the absorption of food, and, as a result, increase live weight gain and reduce the timing of weight gain up to the required 3 grams, exhibit an adaptogenic effect and increase the viability of juveniles.

It is preferable to use garlic as an additive to standard feed in the form of a commercial product - a dry powder produced for food purposes and corresponding to state standards [GOST 16729-71 Dried garlic. Specifications (with Amendments N 1, 2, 3)] and humic feed additive Gumiton.

To improve the efficiency of the production of sturgeon fish stock, a commercial product is used - dried garlic powder and a humic feed additive Gumiton. At the same time, dried garlic powder is included in the basic feed at the rate of 15 and 30 g/kg of feed mass, and the humic feed additive Humiton at the rate of 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg of humic acids/kg of feed. At the same time, the feed is additionally enriched with a complex of biologically active water- and fat-soluble organosulfur compounds, vitamins B1, B2, C, PP, beta-carotene, humic and fulvic acids, amino acids, macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, calcium, microelements potassium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, copper, vitamins A, E; B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, BC, K3 - 0.0000512-0.00128 mg / l.

To enrich the feed, the liquid form of the humic preparation Humiton is preliminarily evaporated in porcelain cups in a water bath, the resulting dry residue is ground to a fine powder using a porcelain pestle. To enrich 1 kg of basic feed, the calculated dose of dry powder of Humiton and dry garlic powder is first introduced into the composition of the feed part and mixed until homogeneous using a laboratory mixer, then this part of the feed containing additives is introduced into the main part of the feed and also mixed until homogeneous. using a mixer.

Biologically active substances of dried garlic powder and Humiton have a complex effect on the fish organism, showing adaptogenic, stress-regulating and antioxidant activity; increasing survival and resistance to infectious diseases; stimulating fish growth by correcting metabolism and improving nutrient absorption.

To demonstrate the claimed effects, production tests were carried out on representatives of sturgeon fish - juvenile Siberian sturgeon, in the amount of 1780 pieces with an average initial weight of 153.8 ± 14.3 mg. The tests were carried out on the basis of LLC "Tomsk Research and Production Fish Breeding Complex", on industrial equipment of a closed cycle in conditions corresponding to the conditions of keeping sturgeon fry: temperature 18-20 ° C, content of dissolved oxygen in the aquatic environment 7.0-9.0 mg /l, the content of nitrite NO ₂ 0-0.01 mg/dm ³ , acidity pH 7.0-8.0. The conditions for keeping sturgeon fry are optimal for obtaining high-quality fish stock.

The fish were kept in 5 pools measuring 0.6x0.5x4.5 m. Monitoring of the parameters of the aquatic habitat and the degree of purification, the death of fish and a visual assessment of its physiological parameters were carried out daily. As the main morphometric indicators at the beginning of the experiment and after 1, 3 and 5 weeks, the weight and length of the fish were recorded. The coefficient of daily growth of fish, expressed in mg/object/day, was calculated; fatness coefficient K according to Fulton.

Scheme of the experiment.

5 groups were formed: 1 control and 4 experimental. The control group received standard balanced dry food Coppens Advance (food 1). The experimental groups ate standard feed enriched with garlic powder and/or Gumiton: the first experimental group - humic preparation Gumiton, based on the content of humic acids 1 g/kg of feed (food 2); the second experimental group - dry garlic powder at a dose of 30 g/kg (food 3); the third experimental group - Humiton based on the content of humic acids 0.5 g/kg of feed and dry garlic powder at a dose of 15 g/kg (feed 4); the fourth experimental group - Humiton based on the content of humic acids 1 g/kg of feed and dry garlic powder at a dose of 30 g/kg (feed 5). Feeding was carried out 8-10 times a day. Enrichment of the basic feed was carried out by introducing a calculated dose of garlic powder and Humiton dried to a powdery state, followed by mixing with a laboratory mixer. Effective doses of drugs were selected according to previous studies.

The duration of the experiment was 5 weeks and was determined by the timing of weight gain of 3 g, which is optimal, according to the standard, for stocking reservoirs with fish.

Statistical processing methods: parametric (Student's test) and non-parametric (Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's angular transformation) φ.

The study of the effect of enriched feed on the survival rates and growth rates of sturgeon fry showed the following.

The safety of sturgeon fry in the experiment was 52.4-72.4% (table 1). The best indicator was recorded when using feed 5 (Humiton based on the content of humic acids 1 g/kg of feed and dry garlic powder at a dose of 30 g/kg) - 72.4%, which is higher than the control by 9.9%.

Table 1 - The effect of enriched feed on the survival rates of sturgeon juveniles Index Food 1 (control) Feed 2 Feed 3 Feed 4 Feed 5 Number of fish at the beginning of the experiment, pcs. 399 326 374 355 326 Case (end of experiment), pcs. 151 142 178 142 90 Case, % 37.5 43.6 47.6 40.0 27.6* Safety,% 62.5 56.4 52.4 60.0 72.4* Note: * - differences are significant in comparison with the control at рϕ < 0.05

Enrichment of the standard feed with Humiton (food 2) or garlic powder (food 3) did not increase the average weight of sturgeon juveniles after 1 week of the experiment compared to the control (table 2), but their combined action (food 4 and 5) increased this indicator by 19, 1-26.2%, respectively. By the end of the third week of the experiment, the average weight of juveniles of the control group increased by 5.6 times compared to the initial one, with the use of food 3, 4 and 5 - by 7.9; 8.4 and 9.3 times, which is higher than the control by 41.3; 50.0 and 66.4%, respectively. The best indicators were noted when feeding food 5. By the end of the experiment (5th week), the average weight of juveniles of all experimental groups exceeded the control values by 10.7-77.6%.

Table 2 - Effect of enriched feed on the average weight (mg) of sturgeon fry Study time Food 1 (control) Feed 2 Feed 3 Feed 4 Feed 5 Initial weight 153.8±14.3 1 Week 221.603±31.92 204.50±30.46 201.60±17.82 264.00±51.80 279.70±53.52 3 weeks 856.90±171.87 751.27±134.45 1211.90±209.68 1284.90±131.77* 1429.70±233.62*, **○ 5 weeks 2527.50±418.93 3366.09±420.62 3318.30±521.61 2798.00±397.56 4489.60±799.89* Note - in this and subsequent tables, the * sign indicates significant differences at p _U < 0.05 compared with the control at the appropriate time; the sign ** indicates significant differences at p _U < 0.01 compared with the group "food 2" at the appropriate time

The average length of sturgeon fry compared with the initial indicators in the control increased after 1 week of the experiment by 25.1%, in the experimental groups - by 32.45-45.3% (table 3). By the end of the experiment, the average length of sturgeon fry when using food 4 did not differ from the control values, the use of food 2, 3 and 5 increased the growth compared to the control by 10.0; 6.4 and 20.7% respectively.

Table 3 - Effect of enriched feed on the average length (cm) of sturgeon fry Study time Food 1 (control) Feed 2 Feed 3 Feed 4 Feed 5 Initial length 2.43±0.11 1 Week 3.04±0.15 3.53±0.16 3.22±0.16 3.35±0.18 3.37±0.24 3 weeks 4.68±0.44 4.45±0.26 5.65±0.37 5.77±0.24 5.97±0.37 5 weeks 6.42±0.50 7.06±0.40 6.83±0.42 6.43±0.36 7.75±0.57

It is known that the process of fish growth in aquaculture is not linear and is very specific for individual periods of fish growth. In this regard, in the early stages of its development, it is advisable to use the mass gain efficiency formula, expressed in mg/object/day. During the first week of the experiment, this indicator increased by 62.6-85.6% compared to the control when using feed enriched together with Humiton and garlic powder in two doses (food 4 and 5) (table 4).

Table 4 - Effect of enriched feed on the efficiency of weight gain in sturgeon fry (mg/object/day) Research time Food 1 (control) Feed 2 Feed 3 Feed 4 Feed 5 0-1 week 7.53 5.63 5.31 12.24 13.99 1-3 weeks 45.38 39.06 72.16 72.92 82.14 3-5 weeks 119.33 186.77 150.44 108.08 218.56 0-5 weeks 64.15 86.82 85.53 71.47 117.18

From weeks 1 to 3, the best indicators were for feeds 3, 4 and 5, in the second half of the experiment - with the use of feeds 2, 3 and 5. The increase from 3 to 5 weeks of the experiment was 26.1-83.2%. The efficiency of weight gain on average for the experiment when using enriched feeds 2, 3, 4 and 5 exceeded the control values by 35.3, 33.3, 11.4 and 82.7%, respectively. The best performance was noted when using feed 5.

The value of the coefficient of fatness (K) according to Fulton significantly depends on the change in the length of the object. Due to the rapid linear growth of sturgeon juveniles in all experimental groups on 1-3 weeks of the experiment, their fatness indicators were below the control values (table 5). By the fifth week, after intensive weight gain, fatness indices in all groups did not differ significantly. However, when using enriched feed, fatness was higher by 1.4-11.1%.

Table 5 - Effect of fortified feed on Fulton body condition Study time Food 1 (control) Feed 2 Feed 3 Feed 4 Feed 5 1 Week 0.75±0.05 0.51±0.02* 0.65±0.09 0.62±0.04 0.66±0.03 3 weeks 0.91±0.17 0.74±0.04 0.65±0.05 0.67±0.05 0.63±0.03 5 weeks 0.90±0.07 0.93±0.05 1.0±0.05 0.98±0.04 0.91±0.05

When substantiating the optimal dose of dried garlic powder and a humic feed additive for enriching the feed of sturgeon fry, which ensures the maximum increase in safety and productivity, during the experiment for five weeks, a more pronounced effect was shown by feed 5 with a content of humic acids 1 g and garlic powder 30 g per 1 kg of feed (table 6).

Table 6 - Summary indicators of survival and productivity of sturgeon juveniles at the end of the experiment (5 weeks) Index Food 1 (control) Feed 2 Feed 3 Feed 4 Feed 5 Safety,% 62.5 56.4 52.4 60.0 72.4 Weight, mg 2527.50 3366.09 3318.30 2798.00 4489.60 Weight gain, mg 2373.7 3212.3 3164.5 2644.2 4335.8 Length increase, mm 3.99 4.63 4.40 4.00 5.32 Weight gain efficiency, mg/object/day. 64.15 86.82 85.53 71.47 117.18 Fatness according to Fulton 0.90±0.07 0.93±0.05 1.0±0.05 0.98±0.04 0.91±0.05

Thus, the claimed invention has a number of advantages. Enrichment of the basic feed of Siberian sturgeon juveniles with a complex of humic acids and garlic powder in doses of 1 and 30 g/kg contributes to the best preservation of juveniles - 72.4%. 2" (only Humiton) by 35.0%, with the group "feed 3" (only garlic powder) - by 37.0%. The length gain was 33.3%, 14.9%, and 20.9%, respectively, compared to the control. When using the components in these doses, the average weight of the objects was 4.4896 g, i.e. 1.5 times exceeded the weight of 3 g, considered as a standard for sturgeon juveniles used for stocking. In the control, this indicator averaged 2.527 g, i.e. did not meet the standard.

These effects are associated with the complex effect of both components: stress-regulating, antioxidant, immunomodulatory activities; the ability to prevent infection by pathogenic microbes, viruses, helminths and protozoa; normalize the functions of the digestive system, increase the appetite and attractiveness of food, improve its absorption and, as a result, contribute to better preservation and more effective weight gain.

The method is recommended for increasing the efficiency of production of sturgeon fish stock in aquaculture complexes and farms.

Claims (9)

1. A method for increasing the efficiency of growing sturgeon fish seed, including enrichment of feed with preparations of natural origin, characterized in that as preparations of natural origin, the composition of the feed includes: - phytobiotic dried garlic powder in doses of 15 or 30 g/kg of feed weight; - humic preparation Humiton based on the content of humic acids 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg of feed weight; while the conditions for growing sturgeon fry are as follows: the temperature of the aquatic environment is 18-20ºС, the acidity is pH 7.0-8.0, the content of dissolved oxygen in the aquatic environment is 7.0-9.0 mg/l, nitrite NO ₂ 0-0, 01 mg/dm ³ . 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the dried garlic powder additionally includes a complex of biologically active water- and fat-soluble organosulfur compounds, vitamins B1, B2, C, PP, beta-carotene. 3. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that dried garlic powder is used as a phytobiotic preparation in the feed composition, with a mass fraction of moisture of not more than 8%. 4. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that the most preferred content of dried garlic powder is 30 g/kg feed weight. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Humiton is used as a humic preparation, standardized in terms of the content of humic acids and additionally containing fulvic acids, amino acids, vitamins, macro- and microelements. 6. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 5, characterized in that the most preferred content of Humiton based on the content of humic acids 1 g/kg of feed weight.