RU2582340C1 - Ways to improve fish growth - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: livestock.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises adding to the aqueous environment of juvenile fish humic compounds in the specified amounts humic and fulvic acids. Aqueous medium also administered in specific amino acids, macroelements - nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, calcium and trace elements - potassium, magnesium, sodium, manganese, zinc, copper, vitamins, sugars and fat.

EFFECT: invention provides a reduction in the adaptation period and an increase in weight gain of juvenile fish.

2 cl, 4 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The present invention relates to the field of aquaculture, and in particular to methods of increasing the efficiency of growing juvenile fish. The main problems of aquaculture are diseases leading to high mortality of young animals. First of all, these are diseases caused by bacteria, protozoa and fungi, as well as pathologies induced by various adverse environmental factors. For the prevention and treatment of these diseases, immunomodulators, means for regulating stress are used, various methods of influencing the physiological mechanisms of reducing the incidence are being developed, methods of biotechnology, vaccination and other approaches are used.

Known patent RU 2223643 A method of increasing the vitality of eggs, larvae, juvenile fish and accelerating their growth (published on 02/20/2004, A01K 61/00). For this purpose, the probiotic preparation Subtilis obtained from the biomass of the Bacillus subtilis strain VKM B-2250 D is used. Processing the Subtilis larvae increases the survival rate and reduces the natural mortality of fish at the larval developmental stage, promotes the viability of fish in the early stages of ontogenesis and tension natural immunity. The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of obtaining the drug and the short shelf life of the viability of bacteria.

Known patent RU 2115308 A method of increasing the viability of fish and fish-like fish in the early stages of development (published on July 20, 1998, A01K 61/00). The purpose of the invention is to increase the resistance of objects to the effects of stress factors of various nature. The method involves adding a biologically active substance obtained by lyophilization of an acid extract of the pineal gland tissue to the aqueous medium, and keeping the fish and fish-like in the specified aqueous solution for 1-1.5 hours at a solution concentration of 10-50 mg / L. The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the production of the drug and the technology of its use, the lack of raw materials.

In General, the disadvantage of the presented methods is the high cost of the described preventive measures and the foreignness of these biologically active substances for the aquatic environment.

Recently, preparations based on humic compounds have been widely used to increase the efficiency of growing aquaculture objects. Humic compounds (hereinafter HS) are complex organic molecules with high biological activity. HS are a natural element of many water bodies, mainly freshwater. To date, the main directions of the use of drugs based on HS in aquaculture have been identified: detoxification of the aquatic environment from heavy metals and organic pollutants, purification of water from toxic nitrogen derivatives (nitrites, ionized ammonia), reduction of acute toxicity of these compounds in relation to fish. Gih Hwa Enterprise Co., Ltd., Taiwan, produces an additive based on humic compounds for use in aquaculture to purify water from food debris, heavy metals, stimulate algae growth and regulate the pH of the aquatic environment. The use of HS in aquaculture helps to increase the lifespan of fish as a result of the induction of mild stress, which increases resistance to severe stress.

Exposure to HA in doses of 50-90 mg / L reduces the incidence and mortality of fish. The use of a feed additive with a different content of humic acids in the content of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) stimulates weight gain in fish, reduces mortality, increases the level of non-specific resistance, inducing protection against infection with A. hydrophila [Abdel-Wahab A.M. et al., 2012].

Known application WO 2011007319 publ. 2011, also published as: WO 2011007319, US 2012149654, EP 2453744, CA 2768345. The invention relates to two main groups of HS - humic and fulvic acids, which are used to combat pollution of the aquatic environment with various toxic compounds and, thereby, create optimal conditions for growing fish. The disadvantage of this invention is the use of chemically pure humic and fulvic acids or mixtures thereof, which involves the preliminary selection of them from natural sources, which significantly increases the cost of obtaining the drug.

A German patent DE 10237740, A01N 65/00, 2004 is also known. The known method involves adding natural or synthetic humic material to the aquatic environment for the prevention and treatment of fish diseases, as well as for treating caviar. The method involves adding a 10% solution of humic compounds to the bath with fish in a final concentration of 10-100 mg / l and repeating such treatment of fish 4-12 times a day for 1-2 hours (therapeutic effect) or constant presence of fish in the bath, to which is added 10% HS solution to a final concentration of not more than 10 mg / L.

The disadvantage of this invention are high concentrations of HS in excess of physiological. It is known that at given concentrations, HS can cause a prooxidant effect.

An object of the invention is the creation of a new method of increasing the efficiency of growing juvenile fish. The use of the HS preparation in the proposed method implies indisputable advantages over synthetic drugs: the use of HS in physiological doses does not cause a damaging effect on other organs and systems, on the contrary, it contributes to the general strengthening effect of biologically active substances of plant origin on the body of juvenile fish and, as a result, an increase in live growth mass, ensuring a reduction in the adaptation period.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that a method of increasing the efficiency of growing juvenile fish involves adding a humic compound in doses from 0.26 to 6.50 mg per liter of aqueous medium to the aquatic environment, while the humic compound includes: humic acids - 0.2 -5.0 mg / l; fulvic acids - 0.06-1.5 mg / l, and are additionally introduced into the aqueous medium: amino acids - 0.0000122-0,0003400 mg / l; macronutrients - nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, calcium - 0,05228-1,30700 mg / l; trace elements - potassium, magnesium, sodium, manganese, zinc, copper - 0.000818-0.020450 mg / l; vitamins - A, E; B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, BC, K3 - 0.0000512-0.0012800 mg / l; sugar 0.0066-0.1650 mg / l; fat 0.0078-0.1950 mg / l.

Moreover, as a humic compound, it is preferable to use the preparation Humiton based on humic compounds of lowland peat with a concentration of humic acids of 1%.

The essence of the proposed method lies in the fact that to increase the efficiency of growing juvenile fish using the drug Gumiton. At the same time, 1% of the Humiton preparation is used in doses from 0.02 to 0.5 ml / l of the aquatic environment, while the aquatic environment contains: humic acids - 0.2-5.0 mg / l; fulvic acids -0.06-1.50 mg / l, amino acids 0.0000122-0.0003400 mg / l; macronutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, calcium - 0.05228-1.30700 mg / l; trace elements: potassium, magnesium, sodium, manganese, zinc, copper - 0.000818-0.020450 mg / l; vitamins A, E; B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, BC, K3 - 0.0000512-0.0012800 mg / l; sugar 0.0066-0.1650 mg / l; fat 0.0078-0.1950 mg / l.

The humic preparation Humiton has a complex effect on the animal organism - it shows adaptogenic and antioxidant activity, stimulates the growth of animals due to metabolic correction, increased digestibility and assimilation of nutrients, regulates the activity of the complex of carbohydrate and fat metabolism enzymes, and stimulates immunoresistance. Considering the known results of using Humiton (Certificate of Conformity No. РОСС RU ФВ01. В12437) in agricultural practice, it is justifiable to use it in aquaculture. It is promising to add the drug to the habitat (water) of aquaculture objects to stimulate the growth of young individuals [Application in animal husbandry of the feed additive Humiton based on biologically active peat compounds / Ed. S.N. Udintseva, N.M. Belousova. Publishing House LLC Editorial Board of the journal Achievements of Science and Technology of the AIC. Moscow, 2012 .-- 232 p .; The use of humic substances from peat in crop production and animal husbandry for the prevention and improvement of the treatment of mycotoxicosis / Ed. S.N. Udintseva, N.M. Belousova. Publishing House LLC Editorial Board of the journal Achievements of Science and Technology of the AIC. Moscow, 2012. - 148 p.].

To demonstrate the claimed effects, tests were carried out on fry of aquarium fish of bagcatcher catfish (family Heteropneustidae (Saccobranchidae). The fish were kept in plastic containers of 5 l, without a constant flow of water; they were fed with balanced dry food for aquarium fish Sera vipan (Germany) in the evening 1 once a day. Water change in tanks was carried out once every 1-3 days, 1.5-2 hours after feeding. They used tap dechlorinated water, which was left for 3 days [Methodological guidelines for the development of standards for Water quality of water bodies of fishery importance, including standards for maximum permissible concentrations of harmful substances in the waters of water bodies of fishery use. Approved by Order of the Federal Agency for Fishery of 04.08.2009 No. 695]. Gumiton was added to the separated water before the fish transplantation. For experimental group 1 0.1 ml of 1% Humiton was added to 5 l of the aqueous medium, which made it possible to obtain a final solution concentration of 0.26 mg / l for humic compounds. In the aquatic environment of the fish of experimental groups 2 and 3, Humiton was added similarly at the doses indicated in table 1. The duration of the experiments was 1 month.

Fish survival was determined by systematically recording live and dead fish throughout the experiment. Before the experiment, the total weight of the fish was determined in all groups. At the end of the experiment, the fish was euthanized with 96% ethanol solution and body weight and length were individually determined for each individual. The factor of fatness according to Fulton (Ku (f)) was calculated by the formula Ku (f) = P × 100 / L ³ ,

where P is the mass of fish in g, L is the length of the body to the end of the scaly cover in cm.

Statistical data processing was carried out using nonparametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney (U) statistics methods.

Example 1

The experiment was conducted on 24 fish fry. Were formed 1 control and 3 experimental groups.

The results of the experiment are shown in table 2. The survival rate of fish during the experiment in all groups was 100%. There were no differences in behavior; fish of all groups ate actively.

The addition of the Humiton preparation to the aquatic habitat had a stimulating effect on the growth and live weight of the catfish of the experimental groups.

Example 2

The experiment was conducted on 24 fish fry. Were formed 1 control and 3 experimental groups.

The results of the experiment are shown in table 3. The survival rate of fish during the experiment in all groups was 100%. There were no differences in behavior; fish of all groups ate actively.

The addition of the Humiton preparation to the aquatic habitat had a significant stimulating effect on the growth and live weight of the catfish of the experimental groups.

Example 3

The experiment was conducted on 24 fish fry. Were formed 1 control and 3 experimental groups.

The results of the experiment are shown in table 4. The survival rate of fish during the experiment in all groups was 100%. There were no differences in behavior; fish of all groups ate actively.

The addition of the Humiton preparation to the aquatic habitat had a significant stimulating effect on the growth and live weight of the catfish of the experimental groups.

Thus, the use of the drug Gumiton contributed to an increase in body weight by 35-62%, body length by 8.2-17%, and a fatness ratio of up to 17%. It is most likely that these effects of the supplement are associated with the anabolic action of HS, the protective antiulcer effect of the supplement on the gastrointestinal tract, the stimulation of regeneration processes during injuries caused by stress, and thus the improvement of nutrient absorption.

Thus, the claimed invention has several advantages, the introduction of Humiton into the environment of fish fry allows to stimulate their growth and accelerate the gain in live weight.

The method is recommended to increase the efficiency of keeping aquaculture of fish fry in complexes and farms.

Claims (2)

1. A method of increasing the efficiency of growing juvenile fish, including adding a humic compound to the aquatic environment, characterized in that a humic compound is introduced into the aquatic environment in doses of 0.26 to 6.50 mg per liter of aquatic environment, while the humic the compound includes: humic acids - 0.2-5.0 mg / l; fulvic acids - 0.06-1.5 mg / l, and additionally injected amino acids - 0.0000122-0,0003400 mg / l; macronutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, calcium - 0,05228 - 1,30700 mg / l; trace elements: potassium, magnesium, sodium, manganese, zinc, copper - 0.000818-0.020450 mg / l; vitamins A, E; B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, BC, K3 - 0.0000512-0.0012800 mg / l; sugar 0.0066-0.1650 mg / l; fat 0.0078-0.1950 mg / l. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that, as a humic compound, the preparation Gumiton based on humic compounds of lowland peat with a concentration of 1% is preferably used.