CN114532237A - Fermentation bed padding and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Fermentation bed padding and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114532237A CN114532237A CN202210141913.XA CN202210141913A CN114532237A CN 114532237 A CN114532237 A CN 114532237A CN 202210141913 A CN202210141913 A CN 202210141913A CN 114532237 A CN114532237 A CN 114532237A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of animal husbandry breeding, and particularly relates to a fermentation bed padding material and a preparation method and application thereof. The fermentation bed padding comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of tartary buckwheat hulls, 20-40 parts of rice bran, 10-20 parts of rice hulls and 0.1-0.5 part of fermentation inoculant. The fermentation bed padding disclosed by the invention is simple in component, and is fermented by adopting a single microbial inoculum, so that the production cost of the fermentation bed padding is greatly reduced. The fermentation bed padding is suitable for weaned pigs, and can improve the growth performance and the immunity of the weaned pigs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of animal husbandry breeding, and particularly relates to a fermentation bed padding material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The fermentation bed for raising pigs utilizes functional microorganisms to culture original species of the microorganisms under specific nutritional conditions, the original species, sawdust, rice husk and other materials are uniformly mixed according to corresponding proportions to prepare organic padding, the organic padding is laid in a pigsty according to a certain thickness, and waste is converted into substances beneficial to animals through the aerobic fermentation technology of the microorganisms and directly absorbed, so that the technical effect of no pollution is achieved.
The fermentation bed padding is a key part for raising pigs by a fermentation bed, and the conventional fermentation bed padding is relatively complex in composition, high in bedding thickness and large in using amount, so that the fermentation bed is relatively high in cost. For example, chinese patent application CN106173227A discloses a high permeability pig fermentation bed padding material, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 37-40 parts of rice washing bran, 6-9 parts of annual fleabane herb, 3-5 parts of fennel powder, 0.7-0.8 part of 2, 5-dimethyl pyrazine, 13-15 parts of pig bone meal, 18-22 parts of fly ash, 42-46 parts of corn straw, 23-27 parts of beer yeast paste, 2-4 parts of protease preparation, 0.6-0.8 part of cysteine hydrochloride, 1.4-1.6 parts of thiamine, 22-23 parts of vanilla pod, a proper amount of 45% ethanol solution and a proper amount of water. Chinese patent application CN102224804A discloses a novel microbial fermentation mattress, which comprises an upper layer fermentation padding and a bottom layer fermentation bed, wherein the thickness of the upper layer fermentation padding is 70-80cm, and the upper layer fermentation padding is composed of padding mixed with a biological fermentation microbial inoculum.
Weaned piglets are determined by their physiological characteristics and are susceptible to diarrhea caused by weaning stress; and the source of maternal antibodies is stopped after the piglets are weaned, but the autoimmune system is still not healthy, the resistance is weak, and the disease resistance is poor. And at present, the fermentation bed effectively used for weaned pig breeding has relatively few padding.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a fermentation bed padding and a preparation method and application thereof. The fermentation bed padding disclosed by the invention is simple in component, and is fermented by adopting a single microbial inoculum, so that the production cost of the fermentation bed padding is greatly reduced. The fermentation bed padding is suitable for weaned pigs, and can improve the growth performance and the immunity of the weaned pigs.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a fermentation bed padding in a first aspect, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of tartary buckwheat hulls, 20-40 parts of rice bran, 10-20 parts of rice hulls and 0.1-0.5 part of fermentation inoculum.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a fermentation bed padding according to the first aspect, comprising the following steps: uniformly mixing tartary buckwheat hulls, rice bran and rice hulls, diluting yeast dry powder with water, spraying the diluted yeast dry powder on the surface of a material, stirring the materials while spraying, and enabling the water content of the sprayed material to reach 50-60%; covering the surface of the material with plastic cloth, compacting, and performing sealed fermentation on the periphery.
The invention provides a fermentation bed padding prepared by the method in the first aspect and an application of the fermentation bed padding prepared by the method in the second aspect in weaned pig breeding.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the fermentation bed padding is suitable for breeding weaned piglets, and by adopting the fermentation bed padding, the oxidative stress reaction and the inflammatory reaction of the piglets can be effectively reduced, the immune steady state of an organism can be recovered, the oxidative damage of intestinal tracts can be reduced, and the intestinal tract health can be maintained; reduce the diarrhea rate of the weaned pigs and provide the growth performance of the weaned pigs.
The fermentation bed padding is used for breeding weaned piglets, and can be laid in a colony house with the thickness of 20-40cm, so that the material consumption can be saved. The fermentation bed padding raw materials comprise tartary buckwheat shells, rice bran and rice hulls according to a specific proportion, and a single microbial inoculum is adopted for fermentation, so that the production cost of the fermentation bed padding is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a colony house diagram of the fermentation bed mat laid in accordance with example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In view of the problems in the background art, the present invention provides a fermentation bed padding, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of tartary buckwheat hulls, 20-40 parts of rice bran, 10-20 parts of rice hulls and 0.1-0.5 part of fermentation inoculant.
As a preferred scheme, the zymophyte agent is yeast dry powder.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the fermentation bed padding, which comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing tartary buckwheat hulls, rice bran and rice hulls, diluting yeast dry powder with water, spraying the diluted yeast dry powder on the surface of a material, and stirring the mixture until the water content of the sprayed material reaches 50-60%; covering the surface of the material with plastic cloth, compacting, and performing sealed fermentation on the periphery.
As a preferred scheme, the fermentation time is as follows: summer is 2-3 days, spring and autumn is 4-6 days, winter is 7-9 days.
As a preferable scheme, the yeast dry powder is diluted by 1000-2000 times by water.
The invention also aims to provide the fermentation bed padding material prepared by the method for the first purpose and application of the fermentation bed padding material prepared by the method for the second purpose in weaned pig breeding.
As a preferred scheme, the application method specifically comprises the following steps: laying the piggery on a seamless floor, wherein the thickness of the piggery is 30-40cm on a cement ground or a mixed soil ground; laying stainless steel galvanized gauze with the aperture of 3-5mm above and around a leaky piglet colony house with a leaky floor, wherein the thickness of the padding is 20-40 cm.
As a preferred scheme, the padding in the healthy piglet colony house is replaced once in 2-3 months; after one batch of piglets is transferred to a group, adding 10-20cm padding on the basis of the original padding before the next batch of weaned piglets is fed into the pigsty.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
A fermentation bed padding comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of tartary buckwheat hulls, 30 parts of rice bran, 16 parts of rice hulls and 0.2 part of yeast dry powder.
The preparation method of the fermentation bed padding comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing tartary buckwheat hulls, rice bran and rice hulls, diluting yeast dry powder by 1500 times with water, spraying the yeast dry powder on the surface of a material, stirring while spraying, wherein the water content of the sprayed material reaches 55%; covering the surface of the material with plastic cloth, compacting, and performing sealed fermentation on the periphery. The fermentation time is as follows: summer is 2-3 days, spring and autumn is 4-6 days, and winter is 7-9 days.
The application method of the fermentation bed padding in weaned pig breeding comprises the following steps:
laying the piggery on a seamless floor, and laying the piggery on a cement ground or a mixed soil ground to a thickness of 40 cm; a piglet colony house with a leak on the floor is paved with stainless steel galvanized gauze with the aperture of 3mm above and around the leak floor, and the thickness of the padding is 40 cm.
The padding in the healthy piglet colony house is replaced once in 2 months; after one batch of piglets is transferred to a group, 10cm padding is added on the basis of the original padding before the next batch of weaned piglets is fed into the pen.
Selecting healthy Diwu native pigs to wean piglets 60, feeding in 6 rows of 10 pigs in each row, and randomly dividing into two groups of 30 pigs in each group. One group is a control group, and is bred on a cement ground; the other group is a fermentation bed group, and 40cm of fermentation padding as described in example 1 is laid in a seamless floor piglet colony house, as shown in fig. 1. The two groups of feeding conditions, management and feed are completely the same. The test period was 28 days. After the test is finished, the production performance and the health state are counted; after the blood sampling, the blood oxidation index and the serum immunity index are measured.
And (3) test results:
(1) production Performance
The production performance of each group of weaned piglets is shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 influence of fermentation beds on the production Properties of weaned piglets
The results in Table 1 show that the final weight of the piglets is increased by 1.87kg compared with the control group by applying the fermentation bed, the weight is increased by 10.18 percent, the daily gain is increased by 69.64g, the daily feed intake is increased by 68g, and the feed reward is increased by 6.55 percent.
(2) State of health
The health status of each group of weaned piglets is shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2 influence of fermentation beds on the health status of weaned piglets
As can be seen from Table 2, the control group had 5 diarrhea, the fermentation bed group had only 1 diarrhea, and no death of the pigs was observed in both groups.
(3) Serum oxidation index and immunity index
Serum oxidation index and immunity index of each group of weaned piglets are shown in table 3 below.
TABLE 3 influence of fermentation beds on serum oxidation and immunological index of weaned piglets
As can be seen from Table 3, the use of the fermentation bed for feeding piglets can reduce the malondialdehyde level in the blood of the piglets and improve the activity of antioxidant enzyme; reducing the levels of proinflammatory factor IL-2 and anti-inflammatory factor IL-4 in serum; the D-lactic acid level in serum is reduced, which shows that the use of the fermentation bed can effectively reduce oxidative stress reaction and inflammatory reaction, is helpful for the organism to recover immune homeostasis, reduces the oxidative damage of intestinal tracts and maintains the health of the intestinal tracts.
Example 2
A fermentation bed padding comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of tartary buckwheat hulls, 20 parts of rice bran, 20 parts of rice hulls and 0.1 part of yeast dry powder.
The preparation method of the fermentation bed padding comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing tartary buckwheat shells, rice bran and rice hulls, diluting yeast dry powder by 2000 times with water, spraying the diluted yeast dry powder on the surface of a material, stirring while spraying, wherein the water content of the sprayed material reaches 60%; covering the surface of the material with plastic cloth, compacting, and performing sealed fermentation on the periphery. The fermentation time is as follows: summer is 2-3 days, spring and autumn is 4-6 days, winter is 7-9 days.
The application method of the fermentation bed padding in weaned pig breeding comprises the following steps:
laying the piggery on a seamless floor, and laying the piggery on a cement ground or a mixed soil ground for 30 cm; a piglet colony house with a leak on the floor is paved with stainless steel galvanized gauze with the aperture of 5mm above and around the leak floor, and the thickness of the padding is 40 cm.
The padding in the healthy piglet colony house is replaced once in 3 months; after one batch of piglets is transferred to a group, the padding of 20cm is added on the basis of the original padding before the next batch of weaned piglets is fed into the pen.
Example 3
A fermentation bed padding comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of tartary buckwheat hulls, 40 parts of rice bran, 10 parts of rice hulls and 0.5 part of yeast dry powder.
The preparation method of the fermentation bed padding comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing tartary buckwheat hulls, rice bran and rice hulls, diluting yeast dry powder by 1000 times with water, spraying the yeast dry powder on the surface of a material, stirring while spraying, wherein the water content of the sprayed material reaches 50%; covering the surface of the material with plastic cloth, compacting, and performing sealed fermentation on the periphery. The fermentation time is as follows: summer is 2-3 days, spring and autumn is 4-6 days, winter is 7-9 days.
The application method of the fermentation bed padding in weaned pig breeding comprises the following steps:
laying the piggery on a seamless floor, and laying the piggery on a cement ground or a mixed soil ground to a thickness of 40 cm; a piglet colony house with a leak on the floor is paved with stainless steel galvanized gauze with the aperture of 3mm above and around the leak floor, and the thickness of the padding is 20 cm.
The padding in the healthy piglet colony house is replaced once in 2.5 months; after one batch of piglets is transferred to a group, the padding of 20cm is added on the basis of the original padding before the next batch of weaned piglets is fed into the pen.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A fermentation bed padding is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of tartary buckwheat hulls, 20-40 parts of rice bran, 10-20 parts of rice hulls and 0.1-0.5 part of fermentation inoculant.
2. The fermentation bed padding according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation inoculum is yeast dry powder.
3. A method of preparing a fermentation bed mat as claimed in claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of: uniformly mixing tartary buckwheat hulls, rice bran and rice hulls, diluting yeast dry powder with water, spraying the diluted yeast dry powder on the surface of a material, and stirring the mixture until the water content of the sprayed material reaches 50-60%; covering the surface of the material with plastic cloth, compacting, and performing sealed fermentation on the periphery.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the fermentation time is: summer is 2-3 days, spring and autumn is 4-6 days, winter is 7-9 days.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the dried yeast powder is diluted 1000-fold and 2000-fold with water.
6. The fermentation bed padding of claim 1 or 2, and the application of the fermentation bed padding prepared by the method of any one of claims 3 to 5 in weaned pig breeding.
7. The application of claim 6, wherein the specific application method is as follows: laying the pigsty on a non-leakage floor and a cement ground or a mixed soil ground for 30-40cm in thickness; laying stainless steel galvanized gauze with the aperture of 3-5mm above and around a leaky piglet colony house with a leaky floor, wherein the thickness of the padding is 20-40 cm.
8. The use according to claim 7, wherein the padding in a healthy piglet colony house is replaced once in 2-3 months; after one batch of piglets is transferred to a group, adding 10-20cm padding on the basis of the original padding before the next batch of weaned piglets is fed into the pigsty.
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| CN104957047A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-10-07 | 周学固 | Processing method for solid pig manure |
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