CN114532237B - Fermentation bed padding and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Fermentation bed padding and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114532237B CN114532237B CN202210141913.XA CN202210141913A CN114532237B CN 114532237 B CN114532237 B CN 114532237B CN 202210141913 A CN202210141913 A CN 202210141913A CN 114532237 B CN114532237 B CN 114532237B
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- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
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- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 244000130270 Fagopyrum tataricum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of animal husbandry cultivation, in particular to a fermentation bed padding, a preparation method and application thereof. The fermenting bed padding comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of tartary buckwheat shell, 20-40 parts of rice bran, 10-20 parts of rice husk and 0.1-0.5 part of fermentation inoculant. The fermenting bed padding has simple components, adopts single microbial inoculum for fermentation, and greatly reduces the production cost of the fermenting bed padding. The fermenting bed padding is suitable for weaned pigs, and can improve the growth performance and the immunity of the weaned pigs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of animal husbandry cultivation, in particular to a fermentation bed padding, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The pig raising in the fermenting bed is to utilize functional microbe to culture the microbe's original species under specific nutritious condition, and to mix the materials including the original species, sawdust, chaff, etc. homogeneously in certain proportion to produce organic padding, and to spread the padding inside pig house in certain thickness.
The fermenting bed padding is a key part of the fermenting bed for raising pigs, the existing fermenting bed padding has complex components, high padding thickness and large dosage, so that the cost of the fermenting bed is often higher. For example, chinese patent application CN106173227a discloses a high permeability pig fermentation bed padding, which is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 37-40 parts of rice bran, 6-9 parts of annual fleabane herb, 3-5 parts of fennel powder, 0.7-0.8 part of 2, 5-dimethyl pyrazine, 13-15 parts of pig bone meal, 18-22 parts of fly ash, 42-46 parts of corn straw, 23-27 parts of beer yeast mud, 2-4 parts of protease preparation, 0.6-0.8 part of cysteine hydrochloride, 1.4-1.6 parts of thiamine, 22-23 parts of vanilla pod, a proper amount of 45% ethanol solution and a proper amount of water. The Chinese patent application CN102224804A is a novel microbial fermentation mattress, which consists of an upper layer fermentation padding and a bottom layer fermentation bed, wherein the thickness of the upper layer fermentation padding is 70-80cm, and the upper layer fermentation padding consists of padding mixed with a biological fermentation microbial inoculum.
The weaned pigs are determined by the physiological characteristics of the weaned pigs and are easy to be influenced by weaning stress to cause diarrhea; and the weaned parent antibody source of the piglets is stopped, and the autoimmune system is still unhealthy, weak in resistance and poor in disease resistance. And relatively little fermenting bed padding is available for weaned pig farming at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a fermentation bed padding, a preparation method and application thereof. The fermenting bed padding has simple components, adopts single microbial inoculum for fermentation, and greatly reduces the production cost of the fermenting bed padding. The fermenting bed padding is suitable for weaned pigs, and can improve the growth performance and the immunity of the weaned pigs.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a fermenting bed padding, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of tartary buckwheat shell, 20-40 parts of rice bran, 10-20 parts of rice husk and 0.1-0.5 part of fermentation inoculant.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a method of preparing the fermenting bed material of the first aspect above, comprising the steps of: uniformly mixing tartary buckwheat hulls, rice bran and rice hulls, diluting yeast dry powder with water, spraying the diluted yeast dry powder on the surface of a material, and stirring while spraying, wherein the water content of the sprayed material reaches 50% -60%; covering the surface of the material with plastic cloth, compacting, and sealing and fermenting around.
A third aspect of the present invention provides a fermentation bed padding as described in the first aspect above, and the use of the fermentation bed padding produced by the method of the second aspect in weaned pig farming.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the fermentation bed padding is suitable for the culture of weaned pigs, and can effectively relieve oxidation stress reaction and inflammatory reaction of the weaned pigs, help organisms to restore immune homeostasis, relieve oxidation damage of intestinal tracts and maintain intestinal health; the diarrhea rate of weaned pigs is reduced, and the growth performance of the weaned pigs is provided.
The fermenting bed padding is used for breeding weaned pigs, and can save materials only by paving the fermenting bed padding with the thickness of 20-40cm in a colony house. The fermenting bed padding raw material provided by the invention is composed of tartary buckwheat hulls, rice bran and rice hulls according to a specific proportion, and single microbial inoculum is adopted for fermentation, so that the production cost of the fermenting bed padding is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a housing where fermentation bed padding of example 1 of the present invention is laid.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular forms also are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or combinations thereof.
In view of the above problems in the background, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a fermenting bed padding, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of tartary buckwheat shell, 20-40 parts of rice bran, 10-20 parts of rice husk and 0.1-0.5 part of fermentation inoculant.
As a preferable scheme, the fermentation inoculant is yeast dry powder.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the fermenting bed pad according to one of the objects, comprising the steps of: uniformly mixing tartary buckwheat hulls, rice bran and rice hulls, diluting yeast dry powder with water, spraying the diluted yeast dry powder on the surface of a material, and stirring until the water content of the sprayed material reaches 50% -60%; covering the surface of the material with plastic cloth, compacting, and sealing and fermenting around.
As a preferred scheme, the fermentation time is: summer 2-3 days, spring and autumn 4-6 days, and winter 7-9 days.
As a preferred embodiment, the yeast dry powder is diluted 1000-2000 times with water.
The invention further aims to provide the fermentation bed padding which is one of the purposes, and the application of the fermentation bed padding prepared by the method in weaned pig breeding.
As a preferred scheme, the application method specifically comprises the following steps: laying a small pig house with a non-leakage floor on a cement ground or a mixed soil ground for 30-40cm; and (3) paving stainless steel galvanized gauze with the aperture of 3-5mm above and around the floor with the slots, wherein the thickness of the padding is 20-40cm.
As a preferable scheme, the padding in the healthy piglet house is replaced once in 2-3 months; after a batch of piglets turns into groups, 10-20cm padding is added on the basis of the original padding before the next batch of weaned piglets enter the ring.
In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
A fermentation bed padding comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of tartary buckwheat shell, 30 parts of rice bran, 16 parts of rice husk and 0.2 part of saccharomycete dry powder.
The preparation method of the fermentation bed padding comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing tartary buckwheat hulls, rice bran and rice hulls, diluting the saccharomycete dry powder with water for 1500 times, spraying the saccharomycete dry powder on the surface of a material, stirring while spraying, and enabling the water content of the sprayed material to reach 55%; covering the surface of the material with plastic cloth, compacting, and sealing and fermenting around. The fermentation time is as follows: summer 2-3 days, spring and autumn 4-6 days, and winter 7-9 days.
The application method of the fermentation bed padding in weaned piglet cultivation comprises the following steps:
laying a pavement of 40cm in thickness on a cement ground or a mixed soil surface in a non-leakage floor piglet colony house; and (3) paving stainless steel galvanized gauze with the aperture of 3mm above and around the floor with the slots, wherein the thickness of the padding is 40cm.
The padding in the healthy piglet house is replaced once in 2 months; after a batch of piglets turns into groups, 10cm padding is added on the basis of the original padding before the next batch of weaned piglets enter the ring.
The weaned pigs of healthy 'Baoshan' are selected to be fed in 6 columns, 10 heads are randomly divided into two groups, and 30 heads are randomly divided into each group. One group is a control group, and the cement ground is fed; the other group is a fermentation bed group, and 40cm of fermentation padding described in the example 1 is paved on a non-leaky floor piglet house, as shown in figure 1. The two groups of feeding conditions, management and feeds are identical. The test period was 28 days. Counting production performance and health state after the test is finished; and after the completion of fasting blood sampling, measuring blood oxidation indexes and serum immunity indexes.
Test results:
(1) Production performance
The performance of each group of weaned pigs is shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 influence of fermentation beds on weaned piglets production performance
The results in Table 1 show that by using the fermentation bed, the end weight of piglets is increased by 1.87kg compared with that of the control group, the daily gain is increased by 69.64g, the daily feed intake is increased by 68g, and the feed return is increased by 6.55%.
(2) Health status
The health status of each group of weaned pigs is shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2 influence of fermentation beds on health status of weaned pigs
As can be seen from Table 2, the control group had 5 diarrhea, the fermentation bed group had only 1 diarrhea, and no death of pigs was observed in both groups.
(3) Serum oxidation index and immune index
Serum oxidation index and immune index of each group of weaned pigs are shown in table 3 below.
TABLE 3 influence of fermentation bed on serum Oxidation and immunization index of weaned piglets
As can be seen from Table 3, the use of the fermentation bed for raising piglets can reduce the malondialdehyde level in the blood of piglets and improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes; reducing the levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors IL-2 and IL-4 in serum; the level of D-lactic acid in serum is reduced, which shows that the use of the fermentation bed can effectively reduce oxidative stress reaction and inflammatory reaction, is helpful for the organism to restore the immune homeostasis, lightens the oxidative damage of intestinal tracts and maintains the health of the intestinal tracts.
Example 2
A fermentation bed padding comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of tartary buckwheat shell, 20 parts of rice bran, 20 parts of rice husk and 0.1 part of saccharomycete dry powder.
The preparation method of the fermentation bed padding comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing tartary buckwheat hulls, rice bran and rice hulls, diluting yeast dry powder with water for 2000 times, spraying the diluted yeast dry powder on the surface of a material, and stirring while spraying, wherein the water content of the sprayed material reaches 60%; covering the surface of the material with plastic cloth, compacting, and sealing and fermenting around. The fermentation time is as follows: summer 2-3 days, spring and autumn 4-6 days, and winter 7-9 days.
The application method of the fermentation bed padding in weaned piglet cultivation comprises the following steps:
laying a small pig house with a non-leakage floor on a cement ground or a mixed soil ground for 30cm thick; and (3) paving stainless steel galvanized gauze with the aperture of 5mm above and around the floor with the slots, wherein the thickness of the padding is 40cm.
The padding in the healthy piglet house is replaced once in 3 months; after a batch of piglets turns into groups, 20cm padding is added on the basis of the original padding before the next batch of weaned piglets enter the ring.
Example 3
A fermentation bed padding comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of tartary buckwheat shell, 40 parts of rice bran, 10 parts of rice husk and 0.5 part of saccharomycete dry powder.
The preparation method of the fermentation bed padding comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing tartary buckwheat hulls, rice bran and rice hulls, diluting yeast dry powder with water 1000 times, spraying the yeast dry powder on the surface of a material, and stirring while spraying, wherein the water content of the material reaches 50% after spraying; covering the surface of the material with plastic cloth, compacting, and sealing and fermenting around. The fermentation time is as follows: summer 2-3 days, spring and autumn 4-6 days, and winter 7-9 days.
The application method of the fermentation bed padding in weaned piglet cultivation comprises the following steps:
laying a pavement of 40cm in thickness on a cement ground or a mixed soil surface in a non-leakage floor piglet colony house; and (3) paving stainless steel galvanized gauze with the aperture of 3mm above and around the floor with the slots, wherein the thickness of the padding is 20 cm.
The padding in the healthy piglet house is replaced once in 2.5 months; after a batch of piglets turns into groups, 20cm padding is added on the basis of the original padding before the next batch of weaned piglets enter the ring.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A fermentation bed padding, characterized in that the fermentation bed padding is composed of the following raw materials: 50-70 parts of tartary buckwheat shell, 20-40 parts of rice bran, 10-20 parts of rice husk, 0.1-0.5 part of saccharomycete dry powder and water;
the preparation method of the fermentation bed padding comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing tartary buckwheat hulls, rice bran and rice hulls, diluting yeast dry powder with water, spraying the diluted yeast dry powder on the surface of a material, and stirring until the water content of the sprayed material reaches 50% -60%; covering the surface of the material with plastic cloth, compacting, and sealing and fermenting the periphery;
the specific application method of the fermentation bed padding comprises the following steps: laying 30-40cm thick on cement land or mixed land in a non-leakage floor pigpen; and (3) paving stainless steel galvanized gauze with the aperture of 3-5mm above and around the floor with the slots, wherein the thickness of the padding is 20-40cm.
2. The fermenting bed material of claim 1, wherein the fermentation time is: summer 2-3 days, spring and autumn 4-6 days, and winter 7-9 days.
3. The fermenting bed pad of claim 1, wherein the yeast dry powder is diluted 1000-2000 times with water.
4. Use of the fermentation bed padding of claim 1 in weaned piglet farming.
5. The application according to claim 4, wherein the method of the specific application is: laying 30-40cm thick on cement land or mixed land in a non-leakage floor pigpen; and (3) paving stainless steel galvanized gauze with the aperture of 3-5mm above and around the floor with the slots, wherein the thickness of the padding is 20-40cm.
6. The use according to claim 5, wherein the litter of a healthy piglet house is replaced once for 2-3 months; after a batch of piglets turns into groups, 10-20cm padding is added on the basis of the original padding before the next batch of weaned piglets enter the ring.
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