CN114521459A - Method for cultivating heat-resistant disease-resistant nitrogen efficient rice - Google Patents
Method for cultivating heat-resistant disease-resistant nitrogen efficient rice Download PDFInfo
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011049 pearl Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000009402 cross-breeding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010016634 Seed Storage Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010485 coping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
- A01H1/021—Methods of breeding using interspecific crosses, i.e. interspecies crosses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating heat-resistant disease-resistant nitrogen efficient rice, which comprises the steps of carrying out experimental planting on conventional rice seeds, controlling the temperature of a planting environment to be at a high temperature, obtaining rice pearls with good performance and rice seeds corresponding to the rice pearls, carrying out cross breeding by taking the rice seeds as donors, and finally obtaining the heat-resistant disease-resistant rice seeds which are suitable for being planted in a high-temperature high-humidity environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rice variety cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating heat-resistant disease-resistant nitrogen-resistant efficient rice.
Background
Along with the trend of global warming, the harm of high temperature to crops is increasingly paid attention by people, so far, the understanding of the action mechanism of high temperature heat damage is fuzzy, and the difficulty is increased for coping with the heat damage in production. The middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river in China are serious disaster areas of rice high-temperature damage, in recent years, the high-temperature damage is more and more serious, and particularly with the increasing popularization area of hybrid rice, the heat damage threatens the production safety of an important commodity grain base, namely Yangtze river basin. Practice shows that breeding the high-temperature resistant variety is an effective means for solving the high-temperature heat damage of the rice.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating heat-resistant disease-resistant nitrogen-efficient rice, which is used for obtaining heat-resistant disease-resistant rice seeds and is suitable for planting in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment.
The technical scheme of the invention is a method for cultivating heat-resistant and nitrogen-resistant efficient rice,
(1) selecting Ruiliangyou 9578 rice seeds, soaking and sterilizing the rice seeds, placing the rice seeds in a plurality of culture devices for water culture, and dividing all the culture devices into two groups, wherein one group is used as a high-temperature treatment group, and the other group is used as a standard temperature control group;
(2) and when the rice seeds are cultured in the culture device to the 4-leaf stage in a water way, placing the high-temperature treatment group in an incubator to carry out high-temperature treatment for 3-4 days according to the following conditions: 43-43 ℃ at 9 am-5 pm; 37-38 ℃ at 5 pm to 9 am of the next day;
meanwhile, the culture seedlings of the standard temperature control group are placed in another incubator with the same model, the illumination intensity, illumination time, humidity and CO2 concentration are the same as those of the high-temperature treatment group, the temperature is controlled to be 32-33 ℃, and the continuous culture is carried out for the same days as the high-temperature treatment;
(3) after the temperature treatment in the step (2), placing the high-temperature treatment group in the same illumination intensity, illumination time, humidity and CO2 concentration as those in the step (2), controlling the temperature at 32-33 ℃, and continuously culturing for 2-3 days;
(4) after the culture treatment in the step (3), applying the same amount and concentration of trace liquid nitrogen fertilizer to the high-temperature treatment group and the standard-temperature control group, and continuing the alternate culture of the step (2) and the step (3);
(5) selecting high-temperature treated seedlings with excellent growth conditions in the high-temperature treatment group one week before the end of the seedling stage of the rice seedlings, wherein the heights of the seedlings are not lower than those of the standard-temperature control group, and carrying out large-area experimental transplanting cultivation on the high-temperature treated seedlings, wherein the lowest temperature at night of the cultivation environment is not lower than 31 ℃, and the highest temperature at day is 37-38 ℃;
(6) after transplanting, applying a liquid nitrogen fertilizer 4-5 days after the rice seedlings turn green;
(7) after the rice seedlings enter the heading stage, nitrogen fertilizer is added again, and simultaneously, rice seedlings with the height obviously lower than the average level are removed, and insect damage management is carried out;
(8) after the rice seedlings enter the maturity stage, nitrogen fertilizer is added again, and simultaneously, rice grains with the grain length obviously shorter than the average grain length are removed, and insect pest management is carried out;
(9) harvesting after the maturity, pulling up rice with roots, collecting rice ears on rice plants with developed roots and straight and thick stems, screening the collected rice ears, and screening out rice grains with full and large grain sizes for later use;
(10) hybridizing the rice grains obtained in the step (9) serving as a donor and Yanggao No. 6 serving as an acceptor to obtain F1 generation; backcrossing the F1 generation with a receptor for 4-6 times to obtain an Fn generation; and (3) selfing the Fn generation for more than 2 times, screening stable single plants with good comprehensive agronomic characters, and then selfing until the heat-resistant seeds with stable genetic characters in the booting stage are obtained.
The method for cultivating the heat-resistant and nitrogen-resistant efficient rice has the following beneficial effects: the heat-resistant and disease-resistant rice seeds are finally obtained by breeding the breeding donor seeds at high temperature, and the method is suitable for planting in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention for those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described with reference to the specification.
The technical scheme of the invention is a method for cultivating heat-resistant disease-resistant nitrogen-efficient rice,
(1) selecting Ruiliangyou 9578 rice seeds, soaking and sterilizing the rice seeds, placing the rice seeds in a plurality of culture devices for water culture, and dividing all the culture devices into two groups, wherein one group is used as a high-temperature treatment group, and the other group is used as a standard temperature control group;
(2) and when the rice seeds are cultured in the culture device to the 4-leaf stage in a water way, placing the high-temperature treatment group in an incubator to carry out high-temperature treatment for 3-4 days according to the following conditions: 43-43 ℃ at 9 am-5 pm; 37-38 ℃ at 5 pm to 9 am of the next day;
meanwhile, the culture seedlings of the standard temperature control group are placed in another incubator with the same model, the illumination intensity, illumination time, humidity and CO2 concentration are the same as those of the high-temperature treatment group, the temperature is controlled to be 32-33 ℃, and the continuous culture is carried out for the same days as the high-temperature treatment;
(3) after the temperature treatment in the step (2), placing the high-temperature treatment group in the same illumination intensity, illumination time, humidity and CO2 concentration as those in the step (2), controlling the temperature at 32-33 ℃, and continuously culturing for 2-3 days;
(4) after the culture treatment in the step (3), applying the same amount and concentration of trace liquid nitrogen fertilizer to the high-temperature treatment group and the standard-temperature control group, and continuing the alternate culture of the step (2) and the step (3);
(5) selecting high-temperature treated seedlings with excellent growth conditions in the high-temperature treatment group one week before the end of the seedling stage of the rice seedlings, wherein the heights of the seedlings are not lower than those of the standard-temperature control group, and carrying out large-area experimental transplanting cultivation on the high-temperature treated seedlings, wherein the lowest temperature at night of the cultivation environment is not lower than 31 ℃, and the highest temperature at day is 37-38 ℃;
(6) after transplanting, applying a liquid nitrogen fertilizer 4-5 days after the rice seedlings turn green;
(7) after the rice seedlings enter the heading stage, nitrogen fertilizer is added again, and simultaneously, rice seedlings with the height obviously lower than the average level are removed, and insect damage management is carried out;
(8) after the rice seedlings enter the maturity stage, nitrogen fertilizer is added again, and simultaneously, rice grains with the grain length obviously shorter than the average grain length are removed, and insect pest management is carried out;
(9) harvesting after the maturity, pulling up rice with roots, collecting rice ears on rice plants with developed roots and straight and thick stems, screening the collected rice ears, and screening out rice grains with full and large grain sizes for later use;
(10) hybridizing the rice grains obtained in the step (9) serving as a donor and Yanggao No. 6 serving as an acceptor to obtain F1 generation; backcrossing the F1 generation with a receptor for 4-6 times to obtain an Fn generation; and (3) selfing the Fn generation for more than 2 times, screening stable single plants with good comprehensive agronomic characters, and then selfing until the heat-resistant seeds with stable genetic characters in the booting stage are obtained.
Example 1
S1, weighing one kilogram of Ruibiangyou 9578 rice seeds, soaking the seeds in 1% lime water for 3-4 days, cleaning the seeds with clear water after soaking, draining, accelerating germination at high temperature (about 32 ℃) by adopting a greenhouse or stack retting green grass in a segmented manner, dividing the rice seeds into two parts after accelerating germination, respectively placing the two parts in a culture device for water culture, and taking one part as a high-temperature treatment group and the other part as a standard-temperature control group.
S2, controlling the high-temperature treatment group and the standard-temperature control group to have the same illumination intensity (20000-25000 lx), illumination time (13 hours), humidity (75% +/-5%) and CO2 concentration (350-450 ppm), controlling the temperature of the standard-temperature control group to be 32-33 ℃ in an environment, and controlling the temperature of the high-temperature treatment group to be 43-43 ℃ at 9 am-5 pm; the high-temperature treatment group and the standard-temperature control group are cultivated for 3.5 days in a temperature environment of 37-38 ℃ from 5 pm to 9 am on the next day.
And S3, keeping the illumination intensity, illumination time, humidity and CO2 concentration in the S2 unchanged, controlling the temperature of the high-temperature treatment group and the standard-temperature control group to be 32-33 ℃, and continuously culturing for 2-3 days.
And S4, after the step S3 is finished, applying the same amount (0.6-0.7 kg of mu dosage) of trace liquid nitrogen fertilizer with the same concentration (0.2% -0.5%) to the high-temperature treatment group and the normal-temperature control group, and continuing to alternately culture in the step S2 and the step S3 until one week before the seedling stage is finished.
And S5, after the seedling stage of the rice seedlings is finished and one week before the seedling stage of the rice seedlings is finished, namely the step S4 is finished, the heights of the rice seedlings are mainly distributed at 15-20 cm compared with the heights of the rice seedlings in the standard temperature control group, the high-temperature treated rice seedlings with excellent growth conditions are selected from the high-temperature treated rice seedlings with the heights not lower than the heights of the rice seedlings in the standard temperature control group, the high-temperature treated rice seedlings are subjected to experimental transplanting cultivation in a large-area experimental field, the lowest temperature of the cultivation environment at night is not lower than 31 ℃, the highest temperature of the day is 37-38 ℃, and the time of the day temperature is not lower than 37-38 ℃ is not less than 3 hours. The seedlings of the standard temperature control group are transplanted in an experimental area under normal environment and temperature.
S6, after transplanting, respectively applying liquid nitrogen fertilizer to the high-temperature treatment group and the standard-temperature control group 4-5 days after the rice seedling turns green; the concentration of the liquid nitrogen fertilizer is 1.0-1.5%, and the dosage per mu is 0.7-1 kg.
S7, after the rice seedlings enter the heading stage, nitrogen fertilizer is added into the high-temperature treatment group and the standard-temperature control group again, the concentration of the liquid nitrogen fertilizer is 1.5-2%, and the dosage per mu is 0.7-1 kg. Meanwhile, in the high-temperature treatment group, the rice with the grain height obviously lower than the average level (85-90 cm) is removed, and insect damage management is carried out simultaneously.
And S8, after the rice seedlings enter the maturity stage, adding a liquid nitrogen fertilizer again, wherein the concentration of the liquid nitrogen fertilizer is 0.5-1.0%, the dosage per mu is 0.5-0.7 kg, and simultaneously removing rice grains with the ear length obviously shorter than the average ear length (20-22 cm) and carrying out insect pest management.
S9, harvesting after the maturity, pulling up the rice with roots, collecting rice ears on rice plants with developed roots and straight and sturdy stems, screening the collected rice ears, screening out rice grains with full and large grain sizes for later use, and storing according to planting and storing conditions, wherein the safe seed storage water content is not higher than 14.5%.
S10, taking the rice grains stored in the S9 as a donor and Yanggao No. 6 as an acceptor, and carrying out hybrid planting under the same planting conditions as those of S1 to S9 to obtain an F1 generation; backcrossing the F1 generation with a receptor for 5 times to obtain F6 generation; selfing for more than 2 times in the F6 generation, screening stable single plants with good comprehensive agronomic characters, and then selfing and planting. The planting conditions of the selfing planting are controlled to be the same as those of S1-S9, and finally the heat-resistant seeds with stable genetic characters in the booting stage are obtained.
Technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is described above by way of example with reference to the specific embodiments, and it is obvious that the specific implementation of the present invention is not limited by the above-described manner, and it is within the scope of the present invention to employ various insubstantial modifications of the method concept and technical solution of the present invention, or to directly apply the concept and technical solution of the present invention to other occasions without modification.
Claims (1)
1. A method for cultivating heat-resistant disease-resistant nitrogen-efficient rice,
(1) selecting Ruiliangyou 9578 rice seeds, soaking and sterilizing the rice seeds, placing the rice seeds in a plurality of culture devices for water culture, and dividing all the culture devices into two groups, wherein one group is used as a high-temperature treatment group, and the other group is used as a standard temperature control group;
(2) and when the rice seeds are cultured in the culture device to the 4-leaf stage in a water way, placing the high-temperature treatment group in an incubator to carry out high-temperature treatment for 3-4 days according to the following conditions: 43-43 ℃ at 9 am-5 pm; 37-38 ℃ at 5 pm to 9 am of the next day;
meanwhile, the culture seedlings of the standard temperature control group are placed in another incubator with the same model, the illumination intensity, illumination time, humidity and CO2 concentration are the same as those of the high-temperature treatment group, the temperature is controlled to be 32-33 ℃, and the continuous culture is carried out for the same days as the high-temperature treatment;
(3) after the temperature treatment in the step (2), placing the high-temperature treatment group in the same illumination intensity, illumination time, humidity and CO2 concentration as those in the step (2), controlling the temperature at 32-33 ℃, and continuously culturing for 2-3 days;
(4) after the culture treatment in the step (3), applying the same amount and concentration of trace liquid nitrogen fertilizer to the high-temperature treatment group and the standard-temperature control group, and continuing the alternate culture of the step (2) and the step (3);
(5) selecting high-temperature treated seedlings with excellent growth conditions in the high-temperature treatment group one week before the end of the seedling stage of the rice seedlings, wherein the heights of the seedlings are not lower than those of the standard-temperature control group, and carrying out large-area experimental transplanting cultivation on the high-temperature treated seedlings, wherein the lowest temperature at night of the cultivation environment is not lower than 31 ℃, and the highest temperature at day is 37-38 ℃;
(6) after transplanting, applying a liquid nitrogen fertilizer 4-5 days after the rice seedlings turn green;
(7) after the rice seedlings enter the heading stage, nitrogen fertilizer is added again, and simultaneously, rice seedlings with the height obviously lower than the average level are removed, and insect damage management is carried out;
(8) after the rice seedlings enter the maturity stage, nitrogen fertilizer is added again, and simultaneously, rice grains with the grain length obviously shorter than the average grain length are removed, and insect pest management is carried out;
(9) harvesting after the maturity, pulling up rice with roots, collecting rice ears on rice plants with developed roots and straight and thick stems, screening the collected rice ears, and screening out rice grains with full and large grain sizes for later use;
(10) hybridizing the rice grains obtained in the step (9) serving as a donor and Yanggao No. 6 serving as an acceptor to obtain F1 generation; backcrossing the F1 generation with a receptor for 4-6 times to obtain an Fn generation; and (3) selfing the Fn generation for more than 2 times, screening stable single plants with good comprehensive agronomic characters, and then selfing until the heat-resistant seeds with stable genetic characters in the booting stage are obtained.
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