CN114479720B - 一种在电解液中可失粘的胶黏剂及应用其的双面胶带 - Google Patents
一种在电解液中可失粘的胶黏剂及应用其的双面胶带 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种在电解液中可失粘的胶黏剂及应用其的双面胶带。该胶黏剂包括第一主体树脂50~100份;第一主体树脂包括聚异丁烯、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯中的至少一种;聚异丁烯的分子量为0.2万~10万;乙烯醋酸乙烯酯的分子量为0.5万~20万。该胶黏剂在电解液浸泡下粘性可大幅降低,将其用于制备锂电池用双面胶带,便于工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及锂电池技术领域,具体地,涉及一种在电解液中可失粘的胶黏剂及应用其的双面胶带。
背景技术
锂离子电池具有工作电压高、能量密度高、自放电小、可多次循环使用,使用寿命长、环保性高等特点,广泛应用于手机、汽车、笔记本等领域。锂电池的快速发展对大型化技术、高能量面密度、快速充放电以及循环稳定性等方面又提出了新的要求。胶黏剂广泛地应用于锂电池的制备工艺中,在起到粘结作用的同时对锂电池的性能也有重要影响。现有锂电池用胶黏剂多注重其耐电解液性能,而关于在电解液中可失粘的胶黏剂的失粘速度和失粘率的提高对于锂电池的工业化生产十分重要,现有技术在这方面研究较少。因此,开发一种在电解液中可快速高效失粘的胶黏剂具有重要意义。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种在电解液中可失粘的胶黏剂及应用其的双面胶带。该胶黏剂在电解液浸泡下粘性可大大降低,将其用于制备双面胶带,便于实现工业化生产。
根据本发明的第一个方面,提供一种在电解液中可失粘的胶黏剂,包括第一主体树脂50~100份;第一主体树脂包括聚异丁烯、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯中的至少一种;聚异丁烯的分子量为0.2万~10万;乙烯醋酸乙烯酯的分子量为0.5万~20万。
本发明提供的在电解液中可失粘的胶黏剂采用的第一主体树脂包括聚异丁烯、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯中的至少一种,并且聚异丁烯、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯的分子量范围分别为0.2万~10万、0.5万~20万范围内。由于聚异丁烯、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯均为小分子体系,形成的胶黏剂交联程度低,在电解液的浸泡之下易粘性降低乃至失去粘性。并且当小分子量的聚异丁烯溶解于电解液中时,由于其化学性质稳定,不会产生水分等其他杂质,不会对锂电池电解液的性能造成不良影响。乙烯醋酸乙烯酯由于具有酯基链段,较易在电解液中发生溶胀乃至溶解,在浸泡电解液之后能够大幅降低胶黏剂的粘性,使制备得到的胶带在电解液中的失粘速度和失粘率提高。
优选地,第一主体树脂包括聚异丁烯和乙烯醋酸乙烯酯。
优选地,上述聚异丁烯和乙烯醋酸乙烯酯的重量之比为7:1~5:1。
作为本发明的优选方案,第一主体树脂采用聚异丁烯和乙烯醋酸乙烯酯的混合物,当小分子量的聚异丁烯和乙烯醋酸乙烯酯作为单一主体树脂时均能使胶黏剂在电解液中的粘性降低,并且乙烯醋酸乙烯酯由于具有醋酸酯基链段,更易在电解液中发生溶溶胀,其于胶黏剂的粘性降低程度作用更强。采用两者的混合树脂制备的胶黏剂浸泡于电解液中时,既能使胶黏剂的粘性大幅降低,使胶带在电解液中失粘率和失粘速度提高,也能保证基本不影响电解液的性能。
优选地,上述在电解液中可失粘的胶黏剂还包括第一增粘树脂,第一增粘树脂选自氢化石油树脂、氢化松香树脂、氢化萜烯树脂中的至少一种;上述第一增粘树脂不超过30份。
优选地,第一增粘树脂的软化点为80~150℃。
通过在本发明提供的在电解液中可失粘的胶黏剂中添加第一增粘树脂,能够保证该胶黏剂具有较好的初始粘接性能。
优选地,上述在电解液中可失粘的胶黏剂还包括小分子调节剂,小分子调节剂选自环烷油、白油、石蜡油中的至少一种;上述小分子调节剂不超过20份。
通过添加环烷油、白油、石蜡油等小分子调节剂,能够降低第一胶层的胶黏剂的形成网状交联结构时的密度,使胶黏剂在电解液的浸泡下更易失粘。
根据本发明的第二个方面,提供一种在电解液中可失粘的胶黏剂制备得到的锂电池用胶带。
根据本发明的第三个方面,提供一种在电解液中可失粘的双面胶带,包括依次复合的第一胶层、基材层、第二胶层;采用上述在电解液中可失粘的胶黏剂形成第一胶层。
通过采用上述在电解液中可失粘的胶黏剂制备得到第一胶层,从而制备得到了一种可失粘的双面胶带,该胶带在电解液的浸泡下第一胶层失粘,而第二胶层将基材层与隔膜粘接在一起,从而在隔膜上设置成为锂离子阻挡层,防止隔膜刺穿。
优选地,用于制备第二胶层的原料包括第二主体树脂40~80份,第二主体树脂包括嵌段共聚物、所述嵌段共聚物的改性树脂、非晶态α烯烃共聚物、聚异丁烯、改性液体橡胶、聚烯烃塑性体、聚烯烃弹性体中的至少一种;由上述物料作为主体树脂制备得到的胶层为热熔胶,在热压下释放粘性。
本发明提供的一种在电解液中可失粘的双面胶带,括依次复合的第一胶层、基材层、第二胶层,在将其应用于锂电池中时,将第一胶层贴于锂电池电芯的正极极片上,在电池化成时,第二胶层经过热压会释放粘性,从而粘接在隔膜上,形成了正极极片、第一胶层、基材层、第二胶层、隔膜的粘接结构。通过这种方式,使基材层能位置准确地贴合到隔膜上,且隔膜不易产生褶皱,避免出现贴胶不良的现象。第一胶层在浸泡电解液之后粘性大幅降低或者失去粘性,从而失去对正极极片的粘接力,在基材和正极极片之间形成空隙,使电解液充满其中。而第二胶层热压后对隔膜具有较强的耐电解液粘接力,从而粘结基材层与隔膜,将基材设置在隔膜上,形成锂离子阻挡层,防止锂电池析锂导致电池短路的现象,满足更高安全的锂离子电池需求。
嵌段共聚物选自苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、氢化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、氢化苯乙烯-异戊二烯- 苯乙烯嵌段共聚物中的至少一种。
优选地,第二胶层还包括第二增粘树脂,第二增粘树脂选自氢化石油树脂、氢化松香树脂、氢化萜烯树脂中的至少一种,第二增粘树脂的软化点为 80℃~150℃。
优选地,非晶态-α烯烃共聚物190℃熔融粘度1000-8000mPa·s。
优选地,改性液体橡胶由液体橡胶与改性官能团经改性制得,改性官能团选自羧基、羟基、氨基、环氧基中的至少一种。
优选地,聚烯烃塑性体和聚烯烃弹性体180℃熔融粘度为5000~20000mPa·s。
优选地,苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的苯乙烯的含量为20%~40%;氢化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的苯乙烯含量为30%~70%;苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的苯乙烯含量为15%~30%;氢化苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的苯乙烯含量为15%~35%;聚异丁烯的分子量为4.5万~45万;聚烯烃塑性体和聚烯烃弹性体的分子量均为0.3万~2万。
优选地,嵌段共聚物的改性树脂由苯乙烯类嵌段共聚物与改性官能团接枝改性制得,改性官能团选自马来酸酐、羟基、羧基、环氧基中的至少一种。
优选地,第一胶层的厚度为2μm~6μm。
优选地,第二胶层的厚度为2μm~15μm。
本发明提供的在电解液中可失粘的双面胶带,第二胶层具有优异的耐电解液性能,长期浸泡电解液的情况下不溶解,不与电解液发生反应,能够保持较强的粘接力。
优选地,基材层的材质为聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯或双向拉伸聚丙烯。
优选地,基材层的颜色为白色、蓝色、绿色中的任意一种。
本发明提供的在电解液中可失粘的双面胶带具有有色基材层,便于利用 CCD视觉定位系统识别贴胶的位置,提高贴胶位置的准确性,以及可以观察到贴胶后在电解液的浸泡下是否出现位移。
优选地,基材层的厚度为4μm~15μm。
优选地,上述在电解液中可失粘的双面胶带还包括离型膜,上述离型膜与上述第二胶层复合。
优选地,上述离型膜的厚度为25μm~75μm。
优选地,上述离型膜的材质为格拉辛材质。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明中的技术方案,下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
以下实施例中,各英文缩写对应的具体含义如下:SBS,聚苯乙烯-聚丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物;SEBS,氢化苯乙烯-聚丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物;SIS,苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物;SEPS,氢化苯乙烯-聚异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物;PIB,聚异丁烯;APAO,非晶态α-烯烃共聚物;PC,聚烯烃塑性体;POE,聚烯烃弹性体。
实施例1
一种双面胶带,包括自上而下依次复合的压敏胶层、绿色基材层、热敏胶层、离型膜。
其中压敏胶层由以下组分组成:50份PIB(分子量为0.2万)、氢化石油树脂10份。压敏胶层的厚度为2μm。
热熔胶层由以下组分组成:20份SBS、30份SEBS、15份SIS、40份氢化石油树脂。热熔胶层的厚度为2μm。
绿色基材层材质为双向拉伸聚丙烯,厚度为4μm、离型膜的材质为格拉辛材质、厚度为25μm。
实施例2
一种双面胶带,包括自上而下依次复合的压敏胶层、绿色基材层、热敏胶层、离型膜。
其中压敏胶层由以下组分组成:50份乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(分子量为0.5万)、氢化石油树脂10份。压敏胶层的厚度为2μm。
热熔胶层由以下组分组成:30份SIS、20份SEPS、5份PIB、45份氢化石油树脂。热熔胶层的厚度为2μm。
绿色基材层材质为双向拉伸聚丙烯,厚度为4μm、离型膜的材质为格拉辛材质、厚度为25μm。
实施例3
一种双面胶带,包括自上而下依次复合的压敏胶层、绿色基材层、热敏胶层、离型膜。
其中压敏胶层由以下组分组成:80份PIB(分子量为5万)、20份乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(分子量为10万)、氢化萜烯树脂10份。压敏胶层的厚度为6μm。
热熔胶层由以下组分组成:30份SIS、25份SEPS、5份PC、5份POE、 35份氢化萜烯树脂。热熔胶层的厚度为2μm。
绿色基材层材质为双向拉伸聚丙烯,厚度为4μm、离型膜的材质为格拉辛材质、厚度为25μm。
实施例4
一种双面胶带,包括自上而下依次复合的压敏胶层、绿色基材层、热敏胶层、离型膜。
其中压敏胶层由以下组分组成:70份PIB(分子量为10万)、10份乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(分子量为20万)、氢化萜烯树脂30份。压敏胶层的厚度为6μm。
热熔胶层由以下组分组成:30份SIS、25份SEPS、5份PC、5份POE、 35份氢化萜烯树脂。热熔胶层的厚度为2μm。
绿色基材层材质为双向拉伸聚丙烯,厚度为4μm、离型膜的材质为格拉辛材质、厚度为25μm。
实施例5
一种双面胶带,包括自上而下依次复合的压敏胶层、绿色基材层、热敏胶层、离型膜。
其中压敏胶层由以下组分组成:70份PIB(分子量为10万)、10份乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(分子量为20万)、5份环烷油、30份氢化萜烯树脂。压敏胶层的厚度为6μm。
热熔胶层由以下组分组成:30份SIS、25份SEPS、5份PC、5份POE、 35份氢化萜烯树脂。热熔胶层的厚度为2μm。
绿色基材层材质为双向拉伸聚丙烯,厚度为4μm、离型膜的材质为格拉辛材质、厚度为25μm。
实施例6
一种双面胶带,包括自上而下依次复合的压敏胶层、绿色基材层、热敏胶层、离型膜。
其中压敏胶层由以下组分组成:70份PIB(分子量为10万)、10份乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(分子量为20万)、5份环烷油、5份石蜡油、30份氢化萜烯树脂。压敏胶层的厚度为6μm。
热熔胶层由以下组分组成:30份SIS、25份SEPS、5份PC、5份POE、 35份氢化萜烯树脂。热熔胶层的厚度为2μm。
绿色基材层材质为双向拉伸聚丙烯,厚度为4μm、离型膜的材质为格拉辛材质、厚度为25μm。
实施例7
一种双面胶带,包括自上而下依次复合的压敏胶层、绿色基材层、热敏胶层、离型膜。
其中压敏胶层由以下组分组成:70份PIB(分子量为10万)、10份乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(分子量为20万)、5份环烷油、5份石蜡油、5份白油、30份氢化萜烯树脂。压敏胶层的厚度为6μm。
热熔胶层由以下组分组成:30份SIS、25份SEPS、5份PC、5份POE、 35份氢化萜烯树脂。热熔胶层的厚度为2μm。
绿色基材层材质为双向拉伸聚丙烯,厚度为4μm、离型膜的材质为格拉辛材质、厚度为25μm。
对比例1
本对比例与实施例1的区别在于聚异丁烯的分子量为20万,其余均与实施例1相同。
对比例2
本对比例与实施例2的区别在于乙烯醋酸乙烯酯的分子量为30万,其余均与实施例2相同。
对比例3
本对比例与实施例3的区别在于聚异丁烯的分子量为20万、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯的分子量为30万,其余均与实施例3相同。
对比例4
本对比例与实施例1的区别在于将聚异丁烯替换为聚乙烯醇,其余均与实施例1相同。
对比例5
本对比例与实施例4的区别在于将乙烯醋酸乙烯酯替换为聚丙烯酸丁酯,其余均与实施例4相同。
测试例
参试对象:实施例1~7和对比例1~5制备得到的双面胶带。
将实施例1~7和对比例1~5制备得到的双面胶带应用于锂离子电池中(每组20个),并进行锂离子电池性能测试,拆解锂电池后观察胶带对锂离子电池隔膜和电芯正极极片的粘接情况。具体测试方法如下:
电芯成型:将上述双面胶带的压敏胶层与正极极片粘合、后将正极极片、隔膜、负极片绕卷成电芯,然后将该电芯置于铝塑膜包封袋中,注入电解液,经封装、化成等工序,制成电池。
a、800次25℃循环的容量保持率:在25℃下,以1C/1C的倍率对电池进行循环测试,记录800次循环后电池的容量为C1,电池的初始容量为C0,容量保持率=C1/C0×100%。
b、制成电池后分别放置10分钟、20分钟,拆解电池后,观察就胶带与正极和隔膜界面的粘接情况。失粘判断标准:电池拆解后,胶层与粘接接界面分离。失粘率=(失粘胶带个数/20)×100%。
测试结果如表1所示。
表1锂电池性能及双面胶带粘接情况测试
从以上测试结果可以看出,应用本发明提供的一种在电解液中可失粘的胶黏剂制备得到的一种锂电池用双面胶带,在20min内就能失去粘性,并且采用了具有聚异丁烯和乙烯醋酸乙烯酯的混合树脂体系的压敏胶在保持较快失粘速度和失粘率的同时也具有较高的容量保持率,而加入环烷油、白油、石蜡油等小分子调节剂后,压敏胶层的失粘速度和失粘率进一步提高。而当压敏胶的主体树脂的分子量超过本发明所限定的范围时,压敏胶的失粘率则大大降低。在对比例4和对比例5中,当采用其他小分子量的主体树脂替代本发明提供的主体树脂时,会对锂电池的容量保持率或胶带的失粘率造成劣化影响。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种在电解液中可失粘的胶黏剂,其特征在于:
所述胶黏剂包括第一主体树脂和小分子调节剂,其中,所述第一主体树脂的质量份数为50~100份,第一增粘树脂10~30份,所述小分子调节剂的质量份数不超过20份;
所述第一主体树脂包括聚异丁烯和乙烯醋酸乙烯酯;所述聚异丁烯的分子量为0.2万~10万;所述乙烯醋酸乙烯酯的分子量为0.5万~20万;
所述第一增粘树脂选自氢化石油树脂、氢化松香树脂、氢化萜烯树脂中的至少一种;
所述小分子调节剂选自环烷油、白油、石蜡油中的至少一种。
2.如权利要求1所述的在电解液中可失粘的胶黏剂,其特征在于,
所述第一增粘树脂的软化点为80℃~150℃。
3.一种采用如权利要求1所述的在电解液中可失粘的胶黏剂制备得到的锂电池用胶带。
4.一种在电解液中可失粘的双面胶带,其特征在于,
包括依次复合的第一胶层、基材层、第二胶层;采用如权利要求1所述的在电解液中可失粘的胶黏剂形成所述第一胶层。
5.如权利要求4所述的在电解液中可失粘的双面胶带,其特征在于,
用于制备所述第二胶层的原料包括第二主体树脂40~80份;
所述第二主体树脂选自嵌段共聚物、所述嵌段共聚物的改性树脂、非晶态α烯烃共聚物、聚异丁烯、改性液体橡胶、聚烯烃塑性体、聚烯烃弹性体中的至少一种;所述嵌段共聚物选自苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、氢化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、氢化苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物中的至少一种。
6.如权利要求5所述的在电解液中可失粘的双面胶带,其特征在于,
所述苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的苯乙烯的含量为20%~40%;所述氢化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的苯乙烯含量为30%~70%;所述苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的苯乙烯含量为15%~30%;所述氢化苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的苯乙烯含量为15%~35%;所述聚异丁烯的分子量为4.5万~45万;所述聚烯烃塑性体和所述聚烯烃弹性体的分子量均为0.3万~2万。
7.如权利要求5所述的在电解液中可失粘的双面胶带,其特征在于,
所述嵌段共聚物的改性树脂由所述嵌段共聚物与改性官能团接枝改性制得,所述改性官能团选自马来酸酐、羟基、羧基、环氧基中的至少一种。
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