CN114479019A - 一种三嗪类聚合物材料及其制备方法和在光电器件中的应用 - Google Patents
一种三嗪类聚合物材料及其制备方法和在光电器件中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114479019A CN114479019A CN202210094853.0A CN202210094853A CN114479019A CN 114479019 A CN114479019 A CN 114479019A CN 202210094853 A CN202210094853 A CN 202210094853A CN 114479019 A CN114479019 A CN 114479019A
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- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical group [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- CYPYTURSJDMMMP-WVCUSYJESA-N (1e,4e)-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one;palladium Chemical compound [Pd].[Pd].C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 CYPYTURSJDMMMP-WVCUSYJESA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- CRUIOQJBPNKOJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N thieno[3,2-e][1]benzothiole Chemical compound C1=C2SC=CC2=C2C=CSC2=C1 CRUIOQJBPNKOJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- JOZQXSUYCMNTCH-ODDCUFEPSA-N 2-[(2Z)-2-[[20-[(Z)-[1-(dicyanomethylidene)-5,6-difluoro-3-oxoinden-2-ylidene]methyl]-12,12,24,24-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-5,9,17,21-tetrathiaheptacyclo[13.9.0.03,13.04,11.06,10.016,23.018,22]tetracosa-1(15),2,4(11),6(10),7,13,16(23),18(22),19-nonaen-8-yl]methylidene]-5,6-difluoro-3-oxoinden-1-ylidene]propanedinitrile Chemical group CCCCCCc1ccc(cc1)C1(c2cc3-c4sc5cc(\C=C6/C(=O)c7cc(F)c(F)cc7C6=C(C#N)C#N)sc5c4C(c3cc2-c2sc3cc(\C=C4/C(=O)c5cc(F)c(F)cc5C4=C(C#N)C#N)sc3c12)(c1ccc(CCCCCC)cc1)c1ccc(CCCCCC)cc1)c1ccc(CCCCCC)cc1 JOZQXSUYCMNTCH-ODDCUFEPSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-bromosuccinimide Chemical compound BrN1C(=O)CCC1=O PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- -1 tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
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- RCFXJKASZOGZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,5-trichloro-2h-oxazine Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CON1 RCFXJKASZOGZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XCMISAPCWHTVNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromothiophene Chemical compound BrC=1C=CSC=1 XCMISAPCWHTVNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NZWIYPLSXWYKLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(bromomethyl)heptane Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CBr NZWIYPLSXWYKLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- HQOWCDPFDSRYRO-CDKVKFQUSA-N CCCCCCc1ccc(cc1)C1(c2cc3-c4sc5cc(\C=C6/C(=O)c7ccccc7C6=C(C#N)C#N)sc5c4C(c3cc2-c2sc3cc(C=C4C(=O)c5ccccc5C4=C(C#N)C#N)sc3c12)(c1ccc(CCCCCC)cc1)c1ccc(CCCCCC)cc1)c1ccc(CCCCCC)cc1 Chemical compound CCCCCCc1ccc(cc1)C1(c2cc3-c4sc5cc(\C=C6/C(=O)c7ccccc7C6=C(C#N)C#N)sc5c4C(c3cc2-c2sc3cc(C=C4C(=O)c5ccccc5C4=C(C#N)C#N)sc3c12)(c1ccc(CCCCCC)cc1)c1ccc(CCCCCC)cc1)c1ccc(CCCCCC)cc1 HQOWCDPFDSRYRO-CDKVKFQUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
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Abstract
本发明公开了一类三嗪类聚合物材料，其结构式见式Ⅰ：
式中，R1为C1～C20的烷基或烷基上一个碳原子被氧原子或硫原子取代；X选自H、Cl或F；R2选自C1～C30的烷基链；Y选自F、Cl、CH3、OCH3、CN、酯基或烷基噻吩。本发明通过对缺电子单元的结构及其制备工艺进行优化，并将所得聚合物作为给体材料，应用于有机太阳能电池中，在降低成本的同时，仍能获得高的光电转换效率，适合推广应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光电材料及其器件技术领域，具体涉及一种新型三嗪类聚合物材料及其制备方法和在光电器件中的应用。
背景技术
寻找绿色、可持续发展能源以及寻求一种解决化石能源消耗过程带来的环境污染及能源日趋枯竭的问题已经迫在眉睫，基于此，各种清洁、无污染、可再生的新能源如太阳能、风能等如雨后春笋应运而生。其中，太阳能的高效利用在应对能源危机及相关问题显现出极大的应用价值和前景(Nat.Energy 2016,1,16089)，而通过将太阳能转化成电能的应用技术研究至关重要。经过科研人员的不懈努力，太阳能转化为电能的技术在过去几十年来持续不断地进步发展。
目前，在商品化的太阳能电池市场中，无机晶体硅太阳能电池占据主导地位。与无机太阳能电池相比，有机太阳能电池(OSCs)作为新一代的光伏技术，具有轻薄、低成本、柔性、半透明等优点，吸引了越来越多研究者的关注，已成为太阳能电池研发的重要方向之一(Adv.Energy Mater.2016,6,1601325)。经过十几年的努力，目前已经实现了超过18％的光电转换效率，这一性能的提高除了非富勒烯受体材料问世的助推外，也离不开与之相匹配的聚合物给体材料设计(ACS Energy Lett.2020,5,3115；J.Mater.Chem.A 2021,9,5711)。因此，活性层材料作为改善器件性能的关键组分，可以通过分子结构设计对光伏性能进行改善。
在现有众多聚合物给体材料中，由给电子单元(D)和缺电子单元(A)共聚所得的D-A型聚合物具有吸收光谱、分子能级以及形貌可调等优势，被广泛用于构筑材料骨架结构。目前，已报道的高性能聚合物给体材料，如PM6/D18等(Adv.Mater.,2020,32,1908205；Adv.Funct.Mater.2021,2107934)，尽管展现出高效的光电转换效率，但这些聚合物通常涉及的合成步骤较多，制备成本较高，不利于器件商业化应用。因此，如何在保证高光伏性能的前提下，有效降低活性层材料的成本，是加快有机太阳能电池商业化应用的重要研究方向。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于针对现有技术存在的问题和不足，提供一种制备成本低廉的三嗪类聚合物材料，通过对缺电子单元的结构及其制备工艺进行优化，并将所得聚合物作为给体材料，应用于有机太阳能电池中，在降低成本的同时，仍能获得高的光电转换效率。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一类以BDT为给电子单元和三嗪为缺电子单元构筑的三嗪类聚合物材料，其结构式见式Ⅰ：
式中，R1为C1～C20的烷基或烷基上一个碳原子被氧原子、硫原子中的一种官能团取代；X选自H、Cl或F；R2选自不同长度的烷基链(C1～C30)；Y选自F、Cl、CH3、OCH3、CN、酯基或烷基噻吩等。
优选的，所述R2采用具有支链结构的烷基链。
上述方案中，所述三嗪类聚合物的分子量为1万～8万。
进一步地，所述缺电子单元(A单元)的结构式见式II；
具体选自以下结构：
其中R2、R3、R4均选自碳数为1～30的烷基链。
上述方案中，所述缺电子单元对应单体的制备方法包括如下步骤：
上述一种三嗪类聚合物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：将给电子单元单体、缺电子单元单体和催化剂加入有机溶剂中混合均匀，在100～120℃和保护气氛下，进行保温反应，反应25～48h后，然后进行沉降、抽提，得所述三嗪类聚合物材料。
上述方案中，所述给电子单元单体、缺电子单元单体和催化剂的摩尔比为1:1:(0.03～0.15)。
上述方案中，所述缺电子单元单体的结构式见式III、给电子单元单体的结构式见式IV；
进一步地，所述缺电子单元单体具体包括如下结构式中的一种：
进一步地，所述给电子单元具体包括如下结构式中的一种或几种：
其中，R1为C1～C20的烷基链。
上述方案中，所述催化剂为四(三苯基膦)钯或三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯等；有机溶剂为甲苯或氯苯等。
上述方案中，所述保护气氛可选用氮气或氩气等气氛。
上述方案中，所述针对式II所述的缺电子单元单体的制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)以溴代烷烃为原料，在镁屑、碘单质和有机溶剂的条件下，制备格氏试剂Ⅰ，将其滴加至3-溴噻吩溶液中进行反应制备烷基噻吩；然后在正丁基锂和液溴条件下，在烷基噻吩的5号位进行拔氢、上溴，得含溴烷基噻吩；
2)将所得含溴烷基噻吩制备成格式试剂Ⅱ，然后与三聚氯氰进行反应，得到油状液体；再与N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)进行溴代反应，得到A单元单体。
上述方案中，所述溴代烷烃中的碳原子数为1～30。
优选的，所述格氏试剂Ⅰ采用回流条件制备，回流反应时间为2-6h。
上述方案中，步骤2)中所述格式试剂Ⅱ的制备方法包括：将含溴烷基噻吩溶液滴加至含有镁屑和碘的混合溶液中，加热回流，回流反应时间2-6h。
上述方案中，步骤2)中三聚氯氰的反应步骤包括：将格式试剂Ⅱ滴加至三聚氯氰溶液中，进行回流反应12-20h，用水猝灭，萃取，旋干有机相，提纯，得油状液体。
本发明还包括以BDT为D单元和含有三嗪结构的分子为缺电子单元的聚合物作为活性层材料或传输层材料在光电器件中的应用。
具体地，上述聚合物材料可用于有机太阳能电池、钙钛矿太阳能电池、有机发光二极管、有机探测器等。
本发明采用的苯并二噻吩(BDT)单元，具有良好的平面性，分子本身刚性也较强，具有强给电子能力；其合成简单且容易提纯，作为给体单元较为高效，被广泛应用；三嗪结构属于强吸电子基团，与苯并二噻吩(BDT)共聚可以有效调节聚合物的能级，且其具有良好的平面性，易形成π-π堆积，有助于分子内的电荷传输，显著提高器件的短路电流(Jsc)；通过噻吩将三嗪结构与BDT单元连接，降低分子的过度聚集，有利于激子的解离；然后进一步在噻吩引入烷基链，确保聚合物的溶解性；由于其还具备价格便宜且容易制备等优势，将大大降低聚合物的合成成本，属于一种具有良好应用前景的光伏材料。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：
1)本发明所述聚合物是以三聚氯嗪为原料制备的三嗪类结构的缺电子单元，三聚氯嗪是重要的化工原料，其来源广泛，价格低廉，又由于其具有较强的缺电子性和特殊的光电性质，应用于光电材料，在保证优异使用性能的同时，可大大降低聚合物给体材料的成本；
2)三嗪类结构的缺电子单元制备方法简单，制备单体的其他原料较为常见，其合成步骤较少；将其首次应用于有机太阳能电池聚合物给体材料中，降低了聚合物给体合成的复杂性；
3)本发明所述的三嗪类聚合物给体在350-400nm之间有强的吸收，与其他聚合物给体材料相比，吸收光谱更加宽泛，有利于捕获更多的光子；且其与PM6:ITIC具有匹配的能级，组成三元器件有望提高太阳能电池的能量转化效率。
附图说明
图1位聚合物PTz-1、PM6和IT-4F的结构式；
图2为本发明所得聚合物PTz-1分别在邻二氯苯溶液(室温)和薄膜状态下的紫外-可见吸收光谱；
图3为本发明所得聚合物PTz-1的紫外可见吸收光谱图与温度的依赖关系图；
图4为本发明所得聚合物PTz-1的电化学循环伏安曲线，以0.1M四丁基六氟磷酸铵的无水乙腈溶液作为电解质溶液，扫描速率为0.1V/s；
图5聚合物PTz-1、PM6以及IT-4F的能级分布图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
以下实施例中，采用的氯化噻吩基苯并二噻吩(BDT-2Cl；氯代BDT)参考文献(NanoEnergy,2018,48:413-420)制备。
实施例1
一种以氯代BDT为D单元和3,5-二(2-乙基己烷)噻吩取代均三聚氯嗪为A单元的聚合物，其制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)3,5-二烷基噻吩取代均三聚氯嗪缺电子单元制备，其合成路线如下：
具体制备步骤如下：
1)在无水无氧条件下，将溴代异辛烷(57.97g，300mmol)和四氢呋喃(15mL)置于恒压滴液漏斗中，向含有镁屑(14.58g，600mmol)、碘(2～3粒)和四氢呋喃(30mL)的250mL三颈烧瓶中缓慢滴加，滴加完毕后，回流反应2h，以获得格氏试剂I；在0℃下，将所得格氏试剂I缓慢滴加到含3-溴噻吩(45.65g，280mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液(50mL)的500mL三颈烧瓶中，回流反应12h；反应结束后，去离子水猝灭，二氯甲烷萃取，有机相用无水NaSO4干燥后，除去溶剂；减压蒸馏即得到化合物1(43.98g，产率80％)；1HNMR(400MHz，CDCl3)，δ(ppm):7.23(m,1H),6.92(s,1H),6.91(d,J＝3.6Hz,1H),2.58(d,J＝6.8Hz,2H),1.56(m,1H),1.27(m,8H),0.88(m,6H)；
2)在氮气氛围下，将所得化合物1(25.56g，120mmol)和四氢呋喃(120mL)置于两颈烧瓶中，-78℃下，滴加正丁基锂(48mL，120mmol)，搅拌1h后；缓慢加入液溴(20.13g，126mmol)，反应30min后，加入硫代硫酸钠的水溶液；用二氯甲烷萃取，饱和氯化钠洗涤，无水硫酸钠干燥，旋除溶剂，减压蒸馏，得到化合物2(23.12g，产率70％)；1HNMR(400MHz，CDCl3)，δ(ppm):6.85(s,1H),6.78(s,1H),2.48(d,J＝6.8Hz,2H),1.50(m,1H),1.27(m,8H),0.88(m,6H)；
3)在氮气下，将所得化合物2(8.81g，32mmol)和干燥的THF(10mL)置于恒压滴液漏斗中，向含有镁屑(1.55g，64mmol)、碘(1～3粒)和四氢呋喃(15mL)的100mL三颈烧瓶中缓慢滴加，滴加完毕后，回流2h，获得化合物3(格式试剂Ⅱ)；随后，将所得化合物3缓慢滴加到2，4，6-三氯-1，3，5-三嗪(2.21g，12mmol)的四氢呋喃(50mL)溶液中；滴加完后回流反应12h，反应结束后，去离子水猝灭，二氯甲烷萃取，旋干有机相；用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯，洗脱剂为石油醚/二氯甲烷(3:1)，得到油状化合物4(2.56g，产率35％)；1HNMR(400MHz，CDCl3)，δ(ppm):8.04(s,2H),7.26(s,2H),2.60(d,J＝6.8Hz,4H),1.61(m,2H),1.28(m,16H),0.89(m,12H)；
4)将化合物4(0.50g，1mmol)溶于15mL三氯甲烷，溶解后加入NBS(0.356g，2mmol)，反应过夜；用去离子水猝灭，加入二氯甲烷进行萃取，无水NaSO4干燥后，除去溶剂，用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯，洗脱剂为石油醚/二氯甲烷(体积比为4:1)，得到黄色油状液体5(0.56g，产率85％)；1HNMR(400MHz，CDCl3)，δ(ppm):7.87(s,2H),2.55(d,J＝6.8Hz,4H),1.67(m,2H),1.31(m,16H),0.90(m,12H)；
(2)三嗪类聚合物的制备，其合成路线如下：
具体制备步骤如下：在氮气保护下，依次加入化合物5(0.1324g，0.2mmol)和氯化噻吩基苯并二噻吩(BDT-2Cl)(0.1950g，0.2mmol)，催化剂Pd(PPh3)4(0.0138g，0.012mmol)和5mL无水甲苯，100℃反应48h；粗产物用甲醇沉降，随后依次用丙酮、正己烷、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷进行抽提；旋蒸三氯甲烷，加入甲醇沉降，抽滤得最终聚合物产物PTz-1(0.177g，产率80％)。
将本实施例所得聚合物PTz-1分别进行光学性能和电化学性能等测试，结果分别见下图2、图3和图4。
由图2所示，在浓度为10-2mg/mL的邻二氯苯溶液中，所得聚合物PTz-1的吸收峰位于471nm，归结于化合物中主体结构的电子跃迁引起的；图3所示的温度依赖测试显示，随着温度的变化，溶液的吸收峰位置和分子聚集性变化不大。将所得PTz-1溶解于氯仿中，配制浓度为0.1g/mL的溶液，再通过旋转蒸发镀膜得到厚度为80～160nm的薄膜，在薄膜状态下，聚合物PTz-1显示的特征峰比溶液状态下红移了20nm，同时出现明显的肩峰，表明形成的薄膜结构中具有更强的π-π堆积，利于获得高的载流子迁移率。聚合物PTz-1薄膜边缘吸收为614nm，根据公式Eg＝1240/λ计算可得，带隙Eg为1.95eV，为宽带隙聚合物。
利用电化学循环伏安法测试聚合物PTz-1的氧化还原过程，得到相对于二茂铁的起始氧化还原电位，进而可以估算出对应材料的前线轨道能级(HUMO能级和LUMO能级)：采用三电极体系，将合成的聚合物PTz-1溶解在氯仿中，配成浓度为10mg/mL的溶液滴玻碳电极上制备成薄膜，然后将其置于含0.1M四丁基六氟磷酸铵的乙腈电解质溶液中进行测试，测试整个过程需要氮气保护，扫描速率为0.1V/s，结果见图4。从图4中可知：聚合物PTz-1只在阳极具有不可逆的氧化还原过程，对应的起始氧化电位为0.83eV。根据公式HOMO＝-(EOx,onset+4.8)eV，我们可以计算出聚合物PTz-1的HOMO能级为-5.63eV。LUMO能级根据材料的光学带隙和HUMO获得为-3.68eV(LUMO＝HUMO+Eg)。
由图5可以看出，聚合物PTz-1与PM6和IT-4F之间有良好的能级匹配，同时，该聚合物在300-550nm范围内展现较高的吸光系数，为制备三元器件提供了良好的给体。将本发明所得聚合物PTz-1作为给体材料应用于有机太阳能电池中制备三元器件，可获得较高的光电转换效率，是良好的有机光伏材料。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一类三嗪类聚合物材料，它以BDT为给电子单元，含三嗪结构基团为缺电子单元，其结构式见式Ⅰ：
式中，R1为C1～C20的烷基或烷基上一个碳原子被氧原子或硫原子取代；X选自H、Cl或F；R2选自C1～C30的烷基链；Y选自F、Cl、CH3、OCH3、CN、酯基或烷基噻吩。
2.根据权利要求1所述的三嗪类聚合物材料，其特征在于，所述三嗪类聚合物的分子量为1万～8万。
3.根据权利要求1所述的三嗪类聚合物材料，其特征在于，所述缺电子单元的结构式见式II；
4.根据权利要求1所述的三嗪类聚合物材料，其特征在于，所述缺电子单元的结构式具体包括如下结构式中的一种：
其中R2、R3、R4均选自碳数为1～30的烷基链。
5.权利要求1～4任一项所述三嗪类聚合物材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：将给电子单元单体、缺电子单元单体和催化剂加入有机溶剂中混合均匀，在100～120℃和保护气氛下，进行保温反应，然后进行沉降、抽提，得所述三嗪类聚合物材料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述给电子单元单体、缺电子单元单体和催化剂的摩尔比为1:1:(0.03～0.15)。
7.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述缺电子单元单体的结构式见式Ⅲ、给电子单元单体的结构式见式IV；
8.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述保温反应时间为25～48h。
9.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述催化剂为四(三苯基膦)钯或三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯；有机溶剂为甲苯或氯苯。
10.一种权利要求1～4任一项所述的或权利要求5～9任一项所述制备方法制备的三嗪类共聚物在光电器件中应用，其特征在于，所述三嗪类共聚物用作活性层的给体材料或电子传输材料。
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