CN114471714B - 一种有机多孔超强酸固体催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种有机多孔超强酸固体催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种有机多孔超强酸固体催化剂为氟化有机多孔磺酸固体催化剂,其骨架结构中同时具有磺酸基团和氟基团两种官能团,用于催化丙酮乙烯酮反应生成IPA。其制备方法为:将二叔丁基(甲基)四氟硼酸膦,三溴苯,1,2,4,5‑四氟苯,碳酸钾,反应溶剂混合,在惰气条件下加入乙酸钯,加热,得到混合液;冷却后,经过滤、收集得到白色沉淀,用去离子水、甲醇、四氢呋喃溶液浸泡;再对白色沉淀进行索氏提取,经真空干燥,得到黑色固体;将黑色固体与硫酸反应,抽滤,清洗,真空干燥,得到氟化有机多孔磺酸固体催化剂。本发明的有机多孔超强酸固体催化剂具有比表面积高、吸附容量大、吸附速率快、易于循环再生以及制备方法简单等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于固体酸催化剂制备技术领域,尤其涉及用于催化丙酮与乙烯酮反应生成IPA的多孔超强酸固体催化剂制备技术。
背景技术
乙酰丙酮(Acetylacetone)又名2,4-戊二酮或戊间二酮,简称AA。纯品为无色液体,有令人不愉快的气味,低温时变为有光泽的晶体。能溶于酸性水,易溶于醇、氯仿、醚、苯、丙酮和冰醋酸等有机溶剂。乙酰丙酮在水中不稳定,易分解为醋酸和丙酮,光照射和高温下会自聚成树脂,变为黑色液体,可用于医疗工业、催化剂、添加剂等行业。
目前,工业上乙酰丙酮的合成方法主要是乙酸法,乙酸法主要分三步进行:第一步由乙酸裂解生成乙烯酮;第二步在催化剂作用下由丙酮吸收乙烯酮,酯化生成醋酸异丙烯酯(IPA);第三步在催化剂作用下,IPA异构化为乙酰丙酮。乙烯酮在没有催化剂存在的条件下仅溶解在丙酮中,IPA的生成量较少。常用的酯化催化剂为硫酸、磷酸、高氯酸;丙酮烯醇化的催化剂为萘磺酸、三氟酸及乙酰磺酰乙酸,但反应生成的混合物中含有酸性催化剂及一些高沸物,需要在精馏前除去。
对于吸收反应所采用的催化剂,以浓硫酸为催化剂效率比较低,丙酮转化率不高,而且尾气中有大量的乙烯酮。以硫酸为催化剂时,在吸收过程中有酸性挥发性有机硫化合物生成,而此类化合物不能完全去除,会加速醋酸异丙烯酯的分解,影响产品品质。
基于以上描述,亟需一种有机多孔超强酸固体催化剂,具有催化剂效率高、丙酮转化率高等特点,且容易与液相反应体系分离、不腐蚀设备、后处理简单、环境污染程度小。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种有机多孔超强酸固体催化剂及其制备方法和应用,以解决丙酮乙烯酮反应生成IPA的反应过程中催化剂效率低,丙酮转化率不高的问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的一种有机多孔超强酸固体催化剂及其制备方法和应用的具体技术方案如下:
一种有机多孔超强酸固体催化剂,为氟化有机多孔磺酸固体催化剂,其中,其骨架结构中同时具有磺酸基团和氟基团两种官能团,用于催化丙酮乙烯酮反应生成IPA,其结构式如下所示:
一种有机多孔超强酸固体催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将二叔丁基(甲基)四氟硼酸膦,三溴苯,1,2,4,5-四氟苯,碳酸钾放入反应容器中,加入反应溶剂,混合均匀溶解,在惰气条件下加入乙酸钯,加热至100~150℃,得到混合液,所述三溴苯、二叔丁基(甲基)四氟硼酸膦、1,2,4,5-四氟苯、碳酸钾和反应溶剂之间的比例为0.83mmol:0.13mmol:1.25mmol:2.5mmol:2.5mL;
S2、冷却至室温后,将混合液过滤,收集白色沉淀,用去离子水、甲醇、四氢呋喃溶液浸泡白色沉淀;
S3、对白色沉淀进行索氏提取,进一步除去杂质,将经过索氏提取得到的固体真空干燥,得到黑色固体;
S4、将黑色固体与硫酸反应,反应完成后抽滤,清洗,真空干燥,得到氟化有机多孔磺酸固体催化剂。
进一步地,S1所述反应溶剂为二氯苯、丁醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、1,4-二氧六环和甲苯中的一种或多种的混合。
进一步地,S1所述加热温度为120℃,反应时间为12小时。
进一步地,S3所述索氏提取为在含甲醇的索氏萃取器中提取24小时,再用四氢呋喃提取24小时。
进一步地,S3所述真空干燥为100℃下真空干燥12小时。
进一步地,S4所述硫酸浓度为0.05M,反应时间为24小时。
进一步地,S4所述清洗为使用去离子水和丙酮溶液浸泡,去除未反应的硫酸,所述真空干燥为在60℃下真空干燥24小时。
本发明的一种有机多孔超强酸固体催化剂及其制备方法和应用,具有以下优点:
1、本发明的有机多孔超强酸固体催化剂借助特定的孔道结构,高的比表面积,催化活性更高,起催化作用的磺酸基团不易流失;
2、本发明的有机多孔超强酸固体催化剂制备方法工艺步骤简单可控,所制备得到的有机多孔超强酸固体催化剂理化性质稳定,在高温、碱性水蒸气条件下长时间催化应用对催化剂活性影响不明显;
3、使用本发明的有机多孔超强酸固体催化剂催化工艺多样化,针对粉末和颗粒状催化剂分别有流动床和固定床两种催化工艺,更换催化剂的过程中无需更换生产设备,具有良好的再生能力和重复使用性,为其满足工业化应用的要求奠定了基础。
附图说明
图1为本发明氟化有机多孔磺酸固体催化剂粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)曲线;
图2为本发明实的氟化有机多孔磺酸固体催化剂的N2吸附-脱附等温线;
图3为本发明的氟化有机多孔磺酸固体催化剂的孔径分布;
图4为本发明氟化有机多孔磺酸固体催化剂的扫描电镜图。
具体实施方式
为了更好地了解本发明的目的、技术方案及作用,下面结合实施例,对本发明的一种有机多孔超强酸固体催化剂及其制备方法和应用做进一步详细的描述。
本发明的一种有机多孔超强酸固体催化剂为氟化有机多孔磺酸固体催化剂FPOP-SO3,其骨架结构中同时具有磺酸基团和氟基团两种官能团,其结构式如下所示:
本发明的有机多孔超强酸固体催化剂是固体酸,克服了液体酸的缺点,具有容易与液相反应体系分离、不腐蚀设备、后处理简单、污染环境程度小、选择性高等特点,可在较高温度范围内使用,扩大了热力学上可能进行的酸催化反应的应用范围。另外,本发明的有机多孔超强酸固体催化剂理化性质稳定,在高温、碱性水蒸气条件下长时间催化应用对催化剂活性影响不明显,这使其能够用于潜在的工业应用之中。
本发明的氟化有机多孔磺酸固体催化剂制备工艺步骤简单可控,为直接C-H芳基化缩聚,采用含磺酸基团的全氟苯和三溴苯作为为单体,得到含磺酸基团的氟化有机多孔聚合物,随后利用硫酸处理,最终得到氟化有机多孔磺酸固体催化剂。具体步骤如下:
步骤一:将二叔丁基(甲基)四氟硼酸膦,三溴苯,1,2,4,5-四氟苯,碳酸钾放入反应容器中,加入反应溶剂,混合均匀溶解,其中,三溴苯、二叔丁基(甲基)四氟硼酸膦、1,2,4,5-四氟苯、碳酸钾和反应溶剂之间的比例为0.83mmol:0.13mmol:1.25mmol:2.5mmol:2.5mL,在惰气条件下加入乙酸钯在100~150℃,优选地,在120℃下反应12小时,得到混合液;
步骤二:冷却后,将步骤一得到的混合液过滤,收集白色沉淀,之后分别用去离子水、甲醇、四氢呋喃溶液浸泡白色沉淀,在含甲醇的索氏萃取器中提取24小时,然后再用四氢呋喃提取24小时后,得到黑色固体;
步骤三:将步骤二得到的材料在100℃下真空干燥12小时;
步骤四:将步骤三得到的材料加入浓度为0.05M的硫酸溶液中,反应24小时,得到混合液;
步骤五:将步骤四得到的混合液过滤,收集白色沉淀,之后分别用去离子水和丙酮溶液浸泡,去除未反应的硫酸;
步骤六:将步骤五得到的材料在60℃下真空干燥24小时,即获得氟化有机多孔磺酸固体催化剂。
优选地,所述步骤一中,反应溶剂为二氯苯、丁醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、1,4-二氧六环和甲苯中的一种或多种的混合。
本发明的有机多孔超强酸固体催化剂,即氟化有机多孔磺酸固体FPOP-SO3,可用作丙酮吸收乙烯酮生成IPA的反应的催化剂。本发明的有机多孔超强酸固体催化剂为超强固体酸,对丙酮吸收乙烯酮反应生产IPA具有高效的选择性。借助特定的孔道结构,高的比表面积,催化活性更高,起催化作用的磺酸基团不易流失。
当本发明的氟化有机多孔磺酸固体FPOP-SO3用于催化丙酮乙烯酮反应生成IPA时,包括以下操作工艺:
将氟化有机多孔磺酸固体催化剂加入到反应釜中,优选地,反应釜选择带搅拌功能的酯化反应釜。酯化反应过程为半分批式操作,即丙酮量固定,乙烯酮连续进料。在酯化反应釜中加入丙酮,通入乙烯酮气体,并搅拌,搅拌转速300r/min,酯化温度控制在45~75℃。优选地,乙烯酮气体进料量为0.20L/min。优选地,酯化反应采用全回流操作,即丙酮及产物乙酸异丙烯酯蒸气全部冷凝回流回反应釜。
下面将结合实施例来详细说明本发明的氟化有机多孔磺酸固体FPOP-SO3对丙酮乙烯酮反应生成IPA的催化作用及效果。需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
实施例一至实施例七分别改变乙烯酮与丙酮摩尔比、反应时间、催化剂当量、反应温度来进行氟化有机多孔磺酸固体FPOP-SO3催化丙酮乙烯酮反应生成IPA的酯化反应。反应结束后,分别分析各实施例的乙烯酮转化率、IPA选择性和催化剂转化数TON。实施例一至实施例七的乙烯酮与丙酮摩尔比、反应时间、催化剂当量、反应温度,以及反应后乙烯酮转化率、IPA选择性和催化剂转化数TON如下表所示:
通过对比上述实施例结果表明,本发明的氟化有机多孔磺酸固体催化剂对催化丙酮乙烯酮反应生成IPA具有明显的增强效果。在反应时间为0.5h,反应温度为55℃时,反应收率和选择性达到最优,选择性为99%。
此外,本发明的有机多孔超强酸固体催化剂催化工艺多样化,针对粉末和颗粒状催化剂分别有流动床和固定床两种催化工艺,更换催化剂的过程中无需更换生产设备,具有良好的再生能力和重复使用性,为其满足工业化应用的要求奠定了基础。
可以理解,本发明是通过一些实施例进行描述的,本领域技术人员知悉的,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以对这些特征和实施例进行各种改变或等效替换。另外,在本发明的教导下,可以对这些特征和实施例进行修改以适应具体的情况及材料而不会脱离本发明的精神和范围。因此,本发明不受此处所公开的具体实施例的限制,所有落入本申请的权利要求范围内的实施例都属于本发明所保护的范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种有机多孔超强酸固体催化剂的应用,为氟化有机多孔磺酸固体催化剂FPOP-SO3,其特征在于,其骨架结构中同时具有磺酸基团和氟基团两种官能团,用于催化丙酮乙烯酮反应生成醋酸异丙烯酯,其结构式如下所示:
。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,催化剂的制备包括以下步骤:
S1、将二叔丁基(甲基)四氟硼酸膦,三溴苯,1,2,4,5-四氟苯,碳酸钾放入反应容器中,加入反应溶剂,混合均匀溶解,在惰气条件下加入乙酸钯,加热至100~150℃,得到混合液,所述三溴苯、二叔丁基(甲基)四氟硼酸膦、1,2,4,5-四氟苯、碳酸钾和反应溶剂之间的比例为0.83mmol:0.13mmol:1.25mmol:2.5mmol:2.5mL;
S2、冷却至室温后,将混合液过滤,收集白色沉淀,用去离子水、甲醇、四氢呋喃溶液浸泡白色沉淀;
S3、对白色沉淀进行索氏提取,进一步除去杂质,将经过索氏提取得到的固体真空干燥,得到黑色固体;
S4、将黑色固体与硫酸反应,反应完成后抽滤,清洗,真空干燥,得到氟化有机多孔磺酸固体催化剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,S1所述反应溶剂为二氯苯、丁醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、1,4-二氧六环和甲苯中的一种或多种的混合。
4.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,S1所述加热温度为120℃,反应时间为12小时。
5.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,S3所述索氏提取为在含甲醇的索氏萃取器中提取24小时,再用四氢呋喃提取24小时。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,S3所述真空干燥为100℃下真空干燥12小时。
7. 根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,S4所述硫酸浓度为0.05 M,反应时间为24小时。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,S4所述清洗为使用去离子水和丙酮溶液浸泡,去除未反应的硫酸,所述真空干燥为在60℃下真空干燥24小时。
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