CN114471585A - 一种前驱体为醋酸盐的臭氧催化剂及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种前驱体为醋酸盐的臭氧催化剂及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- PVFSDGKDKFSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Fe+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O PVFSDGKDKFSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
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- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明涉及催化及环境材料技术领域,具体涉及一种前驱体为醋酸盐的臭氧催化剂及其制备方法与应用,所述制备方法为:向催化剂载体中加入粉末粘合剂,催化剂载体和粉末粘合剂通过机械混合均匀,在滚动造粒过程中,以喷雾的形式均匀加入醋酸盐溶液,经过造粒干燥,高温煅烧制得球状催化剂,所述催化剂载体为氧化铝及其与二氧化硅、活性炭、二氧化钛三种粉末中的一种或多种的复配;所述粉末粘合剂选自膨润土、凹凸棒土、高岭土的一种或多种。所制催化剂与浸渍法与混成烧结法性比,负载活性成分分布十分均匀,通过控制各原料比例,可控制活性成分释放特性,比例可控,催化效果都好于混成烧结法,可达浸渍法制备效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及催化及环境材料技术领域,具体涉及一种前驱体为醋酸盐的臭氧催化剂及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
公开该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解,而不必然被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已经成为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
臭氧催化氧化技术在实际应用中往往存在以下问题,有些难降解有机物不能被一次臭氧化,使氧化效率较低;O3直接氧化利用率较低,造成资源浪费;O3直接反应往往发生在酸性条件下,此时O3分子相对稳定,不易分解生成·OH等活性基团。
目前报道的非均相催化臭氧化催化剂有活性炭、金属氧化物和负载型非均相催化剂等,常见制备方法分为溶胶凝胶法、共沉淀法、浸渍法、混成法和氧化还原法等。工业生产中浸渍法和混成法,往往由于浸渍或机械混合造粒操作简单可控的特点被采用。浸渍法操作步骤简单、负载量可控,且负载活性金属及氧化物相同的条件下,展示了较共沉淀、混成烧结等方法更优异的催化性能。但其弊端也十分明显,其一,浸渍法在加工过程中产生pH较低且大量含重金属离子的废液,带来二次污染,而这一部分废液的处理成本极高,硝酸盐煅烧过程中产生大量氮氧化物,在如今绿色化工和强调可持续性发展的今天,寻求成本低廉且绿色的制备工艺替代浸渍法势在必行;其二,浸渍过程中,由于载体对不同金属离子吸附性能的差异和静置吸附过程中金属离子分布不均,极易浸渍不均匀,影响催化效果。
因此越来越多的企业在催化剂的实际生产中采用混成造粒法,通过对粘合剂、造孔剂、活性成分和其他催化助剂经机械混合后,进行造粒、干燥和焙烧等一系列过程,最终得到;这种方法简单易行,不产生过剩离子液体,解决了浸渍法中废液的排放的问题。但通过大量文献阅读和实验验证,表明混成烧结法在催化性能上一般不及浸渍法,其原因为浸渍法可根据煅烧条件,控制所得活性金属氧化物的形态、价态,多种金属活性成分间存在协同作用,而混成烧结法,单纯对其相应的金属或金属氧化物成分进行简单混合,无法实现最佳催化活性。另外在制备催化剂前躯体的过程中,多使用的硝酸盐,但是使用硝酸盐在煅烧的过程中产生氮氧化物,污染环境,其中硝酸盐如硝酸镍、硝酸镁、硝酸锌为易制爆材料,使用储存管理要求较高。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明的目的是提供一种前驱体为醋酸盐的臭氧催化剂及其制备方法与应用,本发明制备的前驱体为醋酸盐的臭氧催化剂与浸渍法与混成烧结法性比,负载活性成分分布十分均匀,通过控制各原料比例,可控制活性成分释放特性,比例可控,催化效果都好于混成烧结法,可达浸渍法制备效果;一步成球煅烧,省略了先造球煅烧,然后再浸渍煅烧的重复煅烧过程,从而进一步降低生产成本。
为了实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案如下所述:
在本发明的第一方面,提供一种前驱体为醋酸盐的臭氧催化剂的制备方法,所述制备方法为:向催化剂载体中加入粉末粘合剂,催化剂载体和粉末粘合剂通过机械混合均匀,在滚动造粒过程中,以喷雾的形式均匀加入醋酸盐溶液,经过造粒干燥,高温煅烧制得球状催化剂;
在一种或多种实施方式中,所述催化剂载体为氧化铝及其与二氧化硅、活性炭、二氧化钛三种粉末中的一种或多种的复配;
在一种或多种实施方式中,所述粉末粘合剂选自膨润土、凹凸棒土、高岭土的一种或多种;
在一种或多种实施方式中,所述醋酸盐溶液选自醋酸铜、醋酸铁、醋酸铈、醋酸镧、醋酸镍、醋酸钴、醋酸锌、醋酸锰、醋酸镁中的一种或多种。
在本发明的第二方面,提供一种上述前驱体为醋酸盐的臭氧催化剂的制备方法制备得到的前驱体为醋酸盐的臭氧催化剂。
在本发明的第三方面,提供一种上述前驱体为醋酸盐的臭氧催化剂在臭氧催化氧化中的应用。
本发明的具体实施方式具有以下有益效果:
粘合剂的水溶液会影响活性成分的溶解,在催化剂载体中优先加入粘合剂粉末,使载体的复配更具灵活性,载体中优先加入粉末粘合剂以使载体更容易造粒,更好的解决催化剂强度问题;醋酸盐作为活性成分前驱体,在煅烧过程减少氮氧化物排放,减少环境污染,规避了部分硝酸盐属于易制爆等管理成本;
醋酸盐液体雾化后直径可达0.1-0.5mm,所制催化剂与浸渍法与混成烧结法性比,负载活性成分分布十分均匀,通过控制各原料比例,可控制活性成分释放特性,比例可控,催化效果都好于混成烧结法,可达浸渍法制备效果;
金属离子溶液的配制依据活性成分负载量进行计算,弥补金属离子溶液过剩、导致原料浪费和产生大量废液的弊端;
本发明中催化剂的制备方法相比于浸渍法,一步成球煅烧,省略了先造球煅烧,然后再浸渍煅烧的重复煅烧过程,从而进一步降低生产成本。
具体实施方式
应该指出,以下详细说明都是例示性的,旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本申请使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是,这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式,而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式,此外,还应当理解的是,当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时,其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
本发明的一种实施方式中,提供了一种前驱体为醋酸盐的臭氧催化剂的制备方法,所述制备方法为:
向催化剂载体中加入粉末粘合剂,催化剂载体和粉末粘合剂通过机械混合均匀,在滚动造粒过程中,以喷雾的形式均匀加入醋酸盐溶液,经过造粒干燥,高温煅烧制得球状催化剂。
在一种或多种实施方式中,所述催化剂载体为氧化铝及其与二氧化硅、活性炭、二氧化钛三种粉末中的一种或多种的复配;
在一种或多种实施方式中,所述粉末粘合剂选自膨润土、凹凸棒土、高岭土的一种或多种;
在一种或多种实施方式中,粉末粘合剂与催化剂载体的质量比为2-30:100;
在一种或多种实施方式中,所述醋酸盐溶液选自醋酸铜、醋酸铁、醋酸铈、醋酸镧、醋酸镍、醋酸钴、醋酸锌、醋酸锰、醋酸镁中的一种或多种;
优选地,醋酸盐溶液摩尔浓度为0.2mol/L-1.6mol/L。
在一种或多种实施方式中,催化剂载体和粘合剂的粒度200-500目;
在一种或多种实施方式中,造粒过程中醋酸盐溶液以喷雾雾化均匀的方式喷洒于催化剂载体上。
在一种或多种实施方式中,干燥温度为90-130℃,干燥时间为3-5小时。
在一种或多种实施方式中,煅烧温度为400-800℃,煅烧时间为3-6小时。
在一种或多种实施方式中,催化剂成球粒径为3-6mm。
本发明在混合烧结法的基础上进行创新性改进,在催化剂载体中优先加入粉末粘合剂,可以使载体多样化,活性物质以醋酸盐雾化的方式随粉料加入到造粒过程中。
本发明采用氧化铝及其与二氧化硅、活性炭、二氧化钛粉末中的一种或多种的复配为复合催化剂载体,氧化铝是一种性能优秀的催化剂,臭氧被吸附在其表面时,可有效增加羟基自由基的产率;催化剂载体为与液相中臭氧和有机物反应提供了反应场所,催化剂上的吸附作用是决定氧化效率的重要影响因素;氧化铝粉末吸附性能优越,容易被水溶液浸湿,其表面的AlOH2 +和AlO-基团对负载其上的活性成分起到了良好的分散作用;其与二氧化硅、活性炭或二氧化钛粉末进行复配后其中的多功官能团提供了更多的吸附位点和催化氧化位点,有机污染物远距离吸附至羰基催化产生的单线态氧活性物种附近,以实现污染物的高效去除。
加入的粉末粘合剂具有较强的吸水性、分散性,不易团聚、可塑性强,有利于提高机械强度,通过粉末粘合剂的粘结作用,形成孔道层次丰富的核壳型结构,具有良好热稳定性和机械强度,有效避免催化剂活性组分在反应过程中的流失。
本发明通过雾化前驱体溶液的方式将活性物质负载于载体,而一般的工业造粒是通过在载体粉末中直接加入固体粉末,经长时间的机械混料后进行滚球,如此一来,混料过程中存在较大的电力消耗和较长的制备时间,并且造粒过程中活性成分分布不均,影响催化效果;而醋酸盐在水中溶解简单,减少了不必要的电力损耗,前驱体溶液均一透明,雾化后液滴直径可达0.1-0.5mm,经雾化得到的催化剂前驱体活性成分负载均匀,煅烧后形成一致的活性位点分布,大大提高催化效果,经羟基自由基转化实验验证,其自由基转化率高于一般混成造粒法得到的催化剂,可与浸渍-焙烧法所制催化剂相媲美。
本发明的一种实施方式中,提供了一种上述前驱体为醋酸盐的臭氧催化剂的制备方法制备得到的前驱体为醋酸盐的臭氧催化剂。
本发明的一种实施方式中,提供了一种上述前驱体为醋酸盐的臭氧催化剂在臭氧催化氧化中的应用。
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明作进一步的解释和说明。
实施例1
取一定量氧化铝粉末和粘土混合均匀,放入造粒机,随后启动造粒机,分别取醋酸铜、醋酸镧和醋酸锌溶解于水中,形醋酸盐溶液;醋酸铜、醋酸镧和醋酸锌摩尔比为4:1:1将所配置复合醋酸盐溶液经雾化器匀速喷入,滚动形成4mm小球;再将造粒得到小球置入干燥箱中,115℃条件下烘干4小时,形成Cu/La/Zn-γ-Al2O3催化剂前驱体;放入马弗炉中550℃煅烧4小时,即得催化剂Cu/La/Zn-γ-Al2O3(WH)。
本实施例的催化性能评估通过以下方式实现,在臭氧投加浓度为110mg/L、在苯酚废水COD为100mg/l中分别设置不加催化剂、加入催化剂Cu/La/Zn-γ-Al2O3(WH)、购入市面浸渍法制备催化剂(主要成分为Cu、Mn)和相同配方以传统混成-烧结法制得的Cu/La/Zn-γ-Al2O3,同时降解60min后,单独臭氧氧化对苯酚废水的平均COD降解率为52.3%、加入催化剂Cu/La/Zn-γ-Al2O3(WH)对苯酚废水的平均去除率约为90.2%、购入市面浸渍法制备催化剂外购催化剂对苯酚废水的平均COD降解率为88.1%、传统混成-烧结法制得催化剂对苯酚废水的平均COD降解率为82.5%;催化剂的添加大大提高苯酚的去除率,约40%左右,且优于浸渍法催化剂和传统混成法催化剂。
实施例2
取一定量氧化铝粉末、二氧化钛粉末和凹凸棒土混合均匀,放入造粒机,随后启动造粒机,分别取醋酸铁、醋酸铈溶解于水中形醋酸盐溶液,醋酸铁和醋酸铈摩尔比为8:3;将所配置复合醋酸盐溶液经雾化器匀速喷入,滚动形成5mm小球。在将造粒得到小球置入干燥箱中,120℃条件下烘干4小时,形成Fe/Ce-γ-Al2O3TiO2催化剂前驱体。放入马弗炉中500℃煅烧4小时,即得催化剂Fe/Ce-γ-Al2O3TiO2(WH)。
本实施例的催化性能评估通过以下方式实现,在臭氧投加浓度为110mg/L、在酸性红B染料废水COD为100mg/l中分别设置不加催化剂、加入催化剂Fe/Ce-γ-Al2O3 TiO2(WH)和相同配方以传统混成-烧结法制得的Fe/Ce-γ-Al2O3,同时降解60min后,不加入催化剂时,酸性红B的平均COD降解率为60.4%、催化剂Fe/Ce-γ-Al2O3 TiO2(WH)对染料废水的平均COD降解率为90.3%、传统混成-烧结法制得的催化剂Fe/Ce-γ-Al2O3,平均COD降解率为83.6%。
实施例3
取一定量氧化铝粉末、凹凸棒土混合均匀,放入造粒机,随后启动造粒机,分别取醋酸铁、醋酸钴和醋酸镍溶解于水中形醋酸盐溶液,醋酸铁、醋酸钴和醋酸镍摩尔比为12:3:4。将所配置复合醋酸盐溶液经雾化器匀速喷入,滚动形成4mm小球;再将造粒得到小球置入干燥箱中,120℃条件下烘干3小时,形成Fe/Co/Ni-γ-Al2O3催化剂前驱体。放入马弗炉中550℃煅烧4小时,即得催化剂Fe/Co/Ni-γ-Al2O3(WH)。
本实施例的催化性能评估通过以下方式实现,在臭氧投加浓度为80mg/L、在丙二酸废水COD为100mg/l中分别设置不加催化剂、加入催化剂Fe/Ce-γ-Al2O3(WH)和相同配方以传统混成-烧结法制得的Fe/Co/Ni-γ-Al2O3,同时降解60min后,不加入催化剂时,丙二酸的平均COD降解率为20.2%、催化剂Fe/Co/Ni-γ-Al2O3(WH)对丙二酸废水的平均COD降解率为68.1%、传统混成-烧结法制得催化剂平均COD降解率为62.1%;与雾化造粒后煅烧相比,效果降低6%。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种前驱体为醋酸盐的臭氧催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法为:向催化剂载体中加入粉末粘合剂,催化剂载体和粉末粘合剂通过机械混合均匀,在滚动造粒过程中,以喷雾的形式均匀加入醋酸盐溶液,经过造粒干燥,高温煅烧制得球状催化剂;
所述催化剂载体为氧化铝及其与二氧化硅、活性炭、二氧化钛三种粉末中的一种或多种的复配;
所述粉末粘合剂选自膨润土、凹凸棒土、高岭土的一种或多种。
2.如权利要求1所述的前驱体为醋酸盐的臭氧催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,粉末粘合剂与催化剂载体的质量比为2-30:100。
3.如权利要求1所述的前驱体为醋酸盐的臭氧催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述醋酸盐溶液选自醋酸铜、醋酸铁、醋酸铈、醋酸镧、醋酸镍、醋酸钴、醋酸锌、醋酸锰、醋酸镁中的一种或多种。
4.如权利要求3所述的前驱体为醋酸盐的臭氧催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,醋酸盐溶液的摩尔浓度为0.2mol/L-1.6mol/L。
5.如权利要求1所述的前驱体为醋酸盐的臭氧催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,催化剂载体和粘合剂的粒度为200-500目。
6.如权利要求1所述的前驱体为醋酸盐的臭氧催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,造粒过程中醋酸盐溶液以喷雾雾化均匀的方式喷洒于催化剂载体上。
7.如权利要求1所述的前驱体为醋酸盐的臭氧催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,干燥温度为90-130℃,干燥时间为3-5小时。
8.如权利要求1所述的前驱体为醋酸盐的臭氧催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,煅烧温度为400-800℃,煅烧时间为3-6小时。
9.权利要求1-8任一权利要求所述前驱体为醋酸盐的臭氧催化剂的制备方法制备得到的前驱体为醋酸盐的臭氧催化剂。
10.权利要求9所述前驱体为醋酸盐的臭氧催化剂在臭氧催化氧化中的应用。
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