CN114403067A - Method for evaluating growth state of crayfish cultured in rice field - Google Patents
Method for evaluating growth state of crayfish cultured in rice field Download PDFInfo
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- CN114403067A CN114403067A CN202110149375.4A CN202110149375A CN114403067A CN 114403067 A CN114403067 A CN 114403067A CN 202110149375 A CN202110149375 A CN 202110149375A CN 114403067 A CN114403067 A CN 114403067A
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- water hyacinth
- crayfish
- water
- color
- leaf
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a growth state evaluation method for crayfishes cultured in a rice field, which comprises the following steps: transplanting water hyacinth in the annular ditch for culturing crayfishes, and spreading farmyard manure to promote the growth of the water hyacinth; after putting the shrimp larvae for 15 days, patrolling the field every day, observing the leaf color of the water hyacinth, recording the leaf color of the water hyacinth, and sequentially arranging the leaf colors of the water hyacinth recorded every day to form a leaf colorimetric card; comparing the leaf color of the water hyacinth on the same day recorded on the leaf colorimetric card every 5-7 days with the leaf color of the water hyacinth recorded 5-7 days before, and judging the leaf color change of the water hyacinth: if the green color is deepened or unchanged, the growth state of the crayfishes in the rice field is not good; if the crayfish is slightly yellow and does not further yellow, the crayfish is not good in growth state and reduced in number; if the crayfish turns yellow moderately or severely, the crayfish is in good growth state and in large quantity. The method is simple, accurate and reliable to operate, facilitates the adjustment of subsequent field management of the crayfish growers, and ensures the successful crayfish cultivation and the generation of economic benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for evaluating the growth state of crayfishes cultured in a rice field.
Background
In recent years, crayfish has become the "leading force army" of aquaculture in the comprehensive planting and breeding mode of paddy fields in China, has good social benefit, ecological benefit and economic benefit, and is highly popular with vast rice growers. According to statistics, 120 kg of crayfish and more than 400 kg of rice are produced per mu in the rice-crayfish mode, the pure income per mu is more than 4000 yuan, the farmland utilization rate and the output benefit are effectively improved, and the income of farmers is increased.
When crayfish cultured in a rice field is highly worried, the situation that the crayfish thrown in the field is harvested with little catching amount or even no harvest, and the cost is seriously lost also occurs. The reason is that during the crayfish breeding period, a method for accurately and quickly judging the growth state and the number of the crayfishes in the rice field is lacked, and great inconvenience is brought to the crayfish breeding.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the growth state and the number of crayfishes cultured in a rice field can not be judged accurately and rapidly in the existing process of culturing the crayfishes in the rice field, and provides an assessment method for the growth state of the crayfishes cultured in the rice field, which can realize rapid judgment of the growth state and the number of the crayfishes in the rice field.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for evaluating the growth state of crayfishes cultivated in a rice field, which comprises the following steps:
1) transplanting the water hyacinth in the annular ditch for culturing the crayfishes in the rice field, wherein the transplanting area of the water hyacinth accounts for 5-15% of the area of the annular ditch;
2) after the water hyacinth is transplanted, the water level of the rice field is reduced to the annular ditch, and organic farmyard manure is spread into the annular ditch to promote the growth of the water hyacinth;
3) after putting the shrimp larvae for 15 days, patrolling the field every day, observing the leaf color of the water hyacinth, recording the leaf color of the water hyacinth, and sequentially arranging the leaf colors of the water hyacinth recorded every day to form a leaf colorimetric card;
4) comparing the leaf color of the water hyacinth on the same day recorded on the leaf colorimetric card every 5-7 days with the leaf color of the water hyacinth recorded 5-7 days before, and judging whether the leaf color change of the water hyacinth is deepened green, unchanged green, slightly yellow, moderately yellow or severely yellow: if the color of the water hyacinth is changed into green and deepened or unchanged, the water hyacinth is shown to grow unaffected, the crayfish in the rice field is not good in growth state and small in quantity, and diseased shrimps, dead shrimps or live shrimps escape or are caught and eaten; if the color of the water hyacinth leaves changes to be slightly yellow, continuously observing for 5 days, and if the color of the water hyacinth leaves does not further turn yellow, indicating that the growth of the water hyacinth is influenced to a certain extent, the food intake of the rice field crayfish is stable, the growth state of the crayfish is not good, and the number of the crayfish is reduced; if the color of the leaves of the water hyacinth turns moderately yellow or severely yellow, the crayfish shows that the crayfish has good growth state and large quantity, insufficient food is provided in the field, and daily management needs to be strengthened in the later period.
Transplanting the water hyacinth in the step 1) comprises the following steps:
a) preparation work before transplanting the water hyacinth: preparing a surrounding frame capable of floating on the water surface according to the width of the excavated annular ditch, placing the surrounding frame in the middle of the annular ditch and fixing the surrounding frame by using a rope, wherein the ratio of the width of the annular ditch, the length of the surrounding frame and the width of the surrounding frame is 1: 0.4-0.6, and the total placement area of the surrounding frames in the annular ditch accounts for 10-20% of the total placement area of the annular ditch;
b) the method for transplanting the water hyacinth comprises the following steps: the planting of the water hyacinth is generally carried out at the beginning of 3 months, the transplanting is mainly carried out by dividing plants, the transverse stolons are cut into a plurality of sections or are cut with roots to separate a plurality of axillary buds, and the water hyacinth can naturally survive after being put into a surrounding frame;
c) transplant area: the transplanting area of the water hyacinth in the enclosure frame accounts for 1/2-2/3 of the area of the enclosure frame.
The specific steps of the step 2) are as follows: after the water hyacinth is transplanted, 200-300 kg/mu of cow dung or pig dung is uniformly spread in the annular ditch to meet the requirement of the growth of the water hyacinth and to fertilize the water quality.
Furthermore, if the color of the water hyacinth is changed into green and deepened or unchanged, the existence of dead shrimps, diseased shrimps and the like in the annular ditch needs to be checked, after confirmation, the treatment is carried out in time aiming at the illness state of the crayfish, and the water quality is adjusted; after the sick shrimps are cured, the water quality is regulated to a normal range, the shrimp larvae can be fed again, and the water quality is monitored; after the diseases of the crayfishes are eliminated, the construction of infrastructure is perfected, the patrol intensity is enhanced, and the crayfish fries are fed in a supplementing way.
Further, if the color of the water hyacinth leaves changes to be slightly yellow and the water hyacinth leaves do not further turn yellow after being observed for 5 days, the construction of infrastructure, the water body disinfection in the annular ditch, the water quality regulation and control, and the feeding of baits are carried out, and then shrimp fries are fed in.
Further, if the color of the water hyacinth leaves turns yellow moderately or severely, the feeding amount of the bait needs to be increased every day, and the bait is preferably not left in the next day.
Further, the crayfish can be caught when the crayfish size reaches more than 25 g, and the crayfish can be primarily classified according to 35g, 30-35 g and 25-30 g and then sold.
The technical principle of the method is as follows:
the water hyacinth is a floating herb, has developed fibrous roots and extremely short stems, has creeping branches and strong fertility; the leaf surface is dark green, bright, and the texture is thick, and both sides are slightly rolled up, and the top is slightly rolled down. The crayfish breeding bait is a great source of aquatic plant bait for breeding crayfish in rice fields because the crayfish breeding bait is favorable for a warm and humid environment with sufficient sunlight and has strong adaptability. The crayfish prefers to eat the roots of the tender roots of the water hyacinth, the ingestion capability of the crayfish is very strong, and the habit of competing for eating and snatching is possessed, when the crayfish excessively eats the roots of the water hyacinth, the absorption of nutrient elements by the roots of the water hyacinth is influenced, the normal growth of the upper parts of the roots of the water hyacinth is further influenced, and the colors of the water hyacinth leaves are changed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention provides a basis and a method for evaluating the growth state and the number of crayfishes in a rice field;
2) the evaluation method is simple to operate, accurate and reliable, and can save a large amount of time, labor and other costs;
3) the assessment method of the invention enables the farmers to conveniently adjust the subsequent field management, and ensures the successful crayfish breeding and the generation of economic benefits;
4) the adult shrimps are caught in time, so that the efficient food distribution utilization rate is facilitated, the feed cost investment is reduced, the growth space of other unfinished shrimps is increased, and the phenomenon that the crayfishes kill each other is avoided;
5) the assessment method can realize the graded sale of the crayfishes and improve the sale value of the crayfishes.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to specific preferred embodiments, without thereby limiting the scope of protection of the invention.
For convenience of description, the relative positional relationship of the components, such as: the descriptions of the upper, lower, left, right, etc. are provided in terms of description and are not intended to limit the structure of this patent.
The embodiment of the method for evaluating the growth state of the crayfishes cultured in the rice field comprises the following steps:
1) transplanting the water hyacinth:
a. preparation work before transplanting the water hyacinth: preparing an enclosure frame according to the actual width and area of the excavated annular ditch, wherein the enclosure frame is generally placed in the middle of the annular ditch, one end of a rope is connected and fixed with one end of the enclosure frame, and the other end of the rope is fixed on the bank; the prepared enclosure frame can float on the water surface, the manufacturing material is generally made of bamboo or plastics and is square, the ratio of the width of the annular ditch to the length and width of the enclosure frame is preferably 1: 0.4-0.6, and the number or the total area of the enclosure frames placed in the annular ditch is preferably 10-20% of the total area of the annular ditch;
b. the method for transplanting the water hyacinth comprises the following steps: generally, at the beginning of 3 months per year, selecting a water hyacinth stock plant with better growth vigor, cutting the cross-grown stolon stock plant into a plurality of sections or cutting off a plurality of axillary buds with roots in a way of plant division and transplanting, and putting the cut axillary buds into an enclosure frame which is already arranged in an annular ditch;
c. transplant area: the transplanting density of the water hyacinth accounts for 1/2-2/3 of the area of the enclosing frame, and the total density accounts for about 5-15% of the area of the annular ditch;
2) managing the water hyacinth:
after transplanting the water hyacinth, returning the water level of the rice field into the annular ditch, and uniformly spreading organic farmyard manure such as cow dung or pig dung and the like to the annular ditch by about 200-300 kg/mu, wherein the spread farmyard manure can provide nutrient substances for the growth of the water hyacinth on one hand, and can enrich plankton in water on the other hand, so as to provide food for the growth of the following crayfish on the other hand;
3) and (5) performing management work of making water hyacinth before putting the shrimp larvae. Putting the shrimp larvae for about 15 days, continuously observing the leaf colors of the water hyacinth in the enclosure by combining the morning and evening field patrol every day, recording the leaf colors of the water hyacinth, and sequentially arranging the leaf colors of the water hyacinth recorded every day to form a leaf colorimetric card;
4) comparing the leaf color of the water hyacinth on the same day recorded on the leaf colorimetric card every 5-7 days with the leaf color of the water hyacinth recorded 5-7 days before, and judging whether the leaf color change of the water hyacinth is deepened green, unchanged green, slightly yellow, moderately yellow or severely yellow: if the color of the water hyacinth is changed into green and deepened or unchanged, the water hyacinth is shown to grow unaffected, the crayfish in the rice field is not good in growth state and small in quantity, and diseased shrimps, dead shrimps or live shrimps escape or are caught and eaten; if the color of the water hyacinth leaves changes to be slightly yellow, continuously observing for 5 days, and if the color of the water hyacinth leaves does not further turn yellow, indicating that the growth of the water hyacinth is influenced to a certain extent, the food intake of the rice field crayfish is stable, the growth state of the crayfish is not good, and the number of the crayfish is reduced; if the color of the leaves of the water hyacinth turns moderately yellow or severely yellow, the crayfish shows that the crayfish has good growth state and large quantity, insufficient food is provided in the field, and daily management needs to be strengthened in the later period.
5) Aiming at the condition that the water hyacinth leaves are green and deepened or unchanged, whether dead shrimps, diseased shrimps and the like exist in the annular groove is checked, after confirmation, the treatment is carried out in time aiming at the illness state of the crayfishes, and the water quality is adjusted; after the sick shrimps are cured, the water quality is regulated to a normal range, the shrimp larvae can be fed in again, and meanwhile, the work of changing water, disinfecting and the like in an annular ditch is well done; after the diseases of the crayfishes are eliminated, the construction of basic facilities such as escape-proof facilities and enemy-proof facilities is perfected, the patrol intensity is enhanced, and the crayfish fries are added;
6) aiming at the water hyacinth which is slightly yellow and not further yellow, building escape-proof and enemy-proof infrastructure, disinfecting water in an annular ditch, regulating and controlling water quality, feeding baits and the like, and then feeding shrimp fries;
7) aiming at the moderate or severe yellowing of the water hyacinth, the feeding amount of bait needs to be increased every day, and the bait is preferably not left in the next day; subsequently, the bait feeding amount is increased or decreased according to the color change of the water hyacinth;
8) the crayfish can be caught when the crayfish size reaches more than 25 g, and the crayfish can be primarily classified according to 35g, 30-35 g and 25-30 g and then sold.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application in any way, and although the present application has been disclosed in the preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present application, and those skilled in the art should understand that they can make various changes and modifications within the technical scope of the present application without departing from the scope of the present application, and therefore all the changes and modifications can be made within the technical scope of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. A method for evaluating the growth state of crayfishes bred in a rice field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) transplanting the water hyacinth in the annular ditch for culturing the crayfishes in the rice field, wherein the transplanting area of the water hyacinth accounts for 5-15% of the area of the annular ditch;
2) after the water hyacinth is transplanted, the water level of the rice field is reduced to the annular ditch, and organic farmyard manure is spread into the annular ditch to promote the growth of the water hyacinth;
3) after putting the shrimp larvae for 15 days, patrolling the field every day, observing the leaf color of the water hyacinth, recording the leaf color of the water hyacinth, and sequentially arranging the leaf colors of the water hyacinth recorded every day to form a leaf colorimetric card;
4) comparing the leaf color of the water hyacinth on the same day recorded on the leaf colorimetric card every 5-7 days with the leaf color of the water hyacinth recorded 5-7 days before, and judging whether the leaf color change of the water hyacinth is deepened green, unchanged green, slightly yellow, moderately yellow or severely yellow: if the color of the water hyacinth is changed into green and deepened or unchanged, the water hyacinth growth is not influenced, the growth state of the paddy field crayfishes is not good, the number of the paddy field crayfishes is small, and the diseased shrimps, the dead shrimps or the live shrimps escape or are caught and eaten; if the color of the water hyacinth leaves changes to be slightly yellow, continuously observing for 5 days, and if the color of the water hyacinth leaves does not further turn yellow, indicating that the growth of the water hyacinth is influenced to a certain extent, the food intake of the rice field crayfish is stable, the growth state of the crayfish is not good, and the number of the crayfish is reduced; if the color of the leaves of the water hyacinth turns moderately yellow or severely yellow, the crayfish shows that the crayfish has good growth state and large quantity, insufficient food is provided in the field, and daily management needs to be strengthened in the later period.
2. The method for evaluating the growth state of the rice field crayfishes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transplanting of the water hyacinth in the step 1) comprises:
a) preparation work before transplanting the water hyacinth: preparing an enclosure frame capable of floating on the water surface according to the width of the excavated annular ditch, placing the enclosure frame in the middle of the annular ditch and fixing the enclosure frame by using a rope, wherein the ratio of the width of the annular ditch, the length of the enclosure frame and the width of the enclosure frame is 1: 0.4-0.6, and the total placement area of the enclosure frames in the annular ditch accounts for 10-20% of the total placement area of the annular ditch;
b) the method for transplanting the water hyacinth comprises the following steps: the planting of the water hyacinth is generally carried out at the beginning of 3 months, the transplanting is mainly carried out by dividing plants, the transverse stolons are cut into a plurality of sections or are cut with roots to separate a plurality of axillary buds, and the water hyacinth can naturally survive after being put into a surrounding frame;
c) transplant area: the transplanting area of the water hyacinth in the enclosure frame accounts for 1/2-2/3 of the area of the enclosure frame.
3. The method for evaluating the growth state of the rice field crayfish, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 2) comprises the following steps: after the water hyacinth is transplanted, 200-300 kg/mu of cow dung or pig dung is uniformly spread in the annular ditch to meet the requirement of the growth of the water hyacinth and to fertilize the water quality.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the color of the water hyacinth is changed to a green color, and the presence of dead shrimps, diseased shrimps and the like in the annular groove is checked, and after confirmation, the disease condition of the crayfish is treated in time, and the water quality is adjusted; after the sick shrimps are cured, the water quality is regulated to a normal range, the shrimp larvae can be fed again, and the water quality is monitored; after the diseases of the crayfishes are eliminated, the construction of infrastructure is perfected, the patrol intensity is enhanced, and the crayfish fries are fed in a supplementing way.
5. The method for evaluating the growth state of the crayfishes bred in the rice field as claimed in claim 1, wherein if the color of the leaves of the water hyacinth changes to be slightly yellow and does not further yellow after observation for 5 days, the construction of infrastructure, water disinfection in the annular ditch, water quality regulation and control, and bait feeding are carried out, and then the crayfish seedlings are fed again.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein if the color of the leaves of water hyacinth turns yellow moderately or severely, the feeding amount of bait is increased every day, preferably the next day when no bait is left.
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| CN202110149375.4A CN114403067B (en) | 2021-02-03 | 2021-02-03 | Method for evaluating growth state of crayfish cultured in rice field |
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| CN202110149375.4A CN114403067B (en) | 2021-02-03 | 2021-02-03 | Method for evaluating growth state of crayfish cultured in rice field |
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| CN114403067B CN114403067B (en) | 2022-12-30 |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103931529A (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2014-07-23 | 嘉兴职业技术学院 | Method for ecologically cultivating freshwater shrimps in paddy |
| CN105557585A (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2016-05-11 | 安庆市义云农业有限责任公司 | Paddy rice and lobster mixed culture method |
| CN106797853A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-06-06 | 长江大学 | A kind of method of mountain area paddy field aquaculture cray |
| CN109997753A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-07-12 | 湖南助农农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of rice field ecology cray cultural method |
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2021
- 2021-02-03 CN CN202110149375.4A patent/CN114403067B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103931529A (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2014-07-23 | 嘉兴职业技术学院 | Method for ecologically cultivating freshwater shrimps in paddy |
| CN105557585A (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2016-05-11 | 安庆市义云农业有限责任公司 | Paddy rice and lobster mixed culture method |
| CN106797853A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-06-06 | 长江大学 | A kind of method of mountain area paddy field aquaculture cray |
| CN109997753A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-07-12 | 湖南助农农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of rice field ecology cray cultural method |
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| 劳顺健等: "澳洲红螯螯虾池塘养殖试验", 《内陆水产》 * |
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