CN1143904A - 一种吸水物体 - Google Patents

一种吸水物体 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1143904A
CN1143904A CN95192157A CN95192157A CN1143904A CN 1143904 A CN1143904 A CN 1143904A CN 95192157 A CN95192157 A CN 95192157A CN 95192157 A CN95192157 A CN 95192157A CN 1143904 A CN1143904 A CN 1143904A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
top flat
diaper
water
cover sheet
absorbent article
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN95192157A
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English (en)
Inventor
厄尔本·威迪拉德
安德尔斯·古斯塔夫森
安娜·斯维尼尔沃
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MOELOLYCKE AB
Essity Hygiene and Health AB
Original Assignee
MOELOLYCKE AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by MOELOLYCKE AB filed Critical MOELOLYCKE AB
Publication of CN1143904A publication Critical patent/CN1143904A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

本发明与一个吸水物体有关，它有一个前部，一个后部，一个中间分叉部，例如一尿布，它包括一个吸水体，一个连到吸水体不渗液的底片和一个与吸水体大部分表面积不相连的顶片，顶片有一个后开孔并以张紧状连到顶片的弹性件，根据本发明，顶片包括一个从前部伸向分叉部的开孔，一挠性材料片横越吸水体和顶片之间的尿布，顶片区则位于二个开孔之间，上述挠性材料片固紧到吸水体上和顶片上。

Description

一种吸水物体
本发明与一个具有前部、后部和中间分叉部的吸水物体有关，例如尿布，失禁患者的防护布或类似物体，它包括一层吸水体，一层由不渗液材料组成且与吸水体相连的底片和一个其大部分表面不与吸水体相连即并不与它连在一起的顶片，当该吸水物体在身上时底片紧贴着人体，上述顶片包括一个从后部延伸到分叉部的长开孔和一个以拉紧状态与顶片连结的弹性体，该弹性件在从拉紧状态收缩时就会使顶片的不与吸水体相连的部分与上述人体隔开一个距离。
从澳大利亚专利Au-A-45217/85，欧洲专利EP-A2-0 357，298和EP-A2-0,486,006中已知有这种在顶片设有开孔的尿布，这样做是为了避免由于粪便接触人体皮肤而引起对皮肤的刺激，所以能达到这个目的是因为，根据这些分开的专利，当设在顶片上的弹性件收缩时吸水体就呈盆状，同时该顶片离盒底隔开一个距离而构成一个盆盖或一个孔盖，这种尿布的问题是设在顶片上的开孔一定要足够大，这样定位才能保证粪便从戴尿布者安全地落入到吸水体上而落在顶片上的粪便很容易造成渗漏而刺激皮肤，还发现人体皮肤对屎和尿的混合体更为敏感，因此，重要的是最大限度减少上述这种屎尿混合体对尿布穿戴者的皮肤的接触，当尿和屎混合时，所产生的氨气会导致PH值的增大同时也会增大粪便中酶的活性。
本发明的目的是为了保证尿和屎安全落到吸水体上而且使排泄到吸水体的尿和屎不会混在一起。根据本发明在前言中所限定的那种吸水体可以达到上述目的，其特征在于，顶片有一个从其前部伸到腿分叉部的第二长孔，其中有一横越顶片的挠性料片在顶片和吸水体之间横向延伸并且它位于二个长孔之间的顶片区内，上述的挠性料分别连到吸水体和顶片上，在顶片上设置前开孔以资保证从尿布穿戴者所排出的尿落入吸水体而上述挠性料片构成一个屏障使尿不会落到或渗到排泄屎的吸水体部分同样也不会使屎进入排泄尿的吸水体部分，除了防止尿和屎混合外，上述的布置也使屎不会与尿布穿戴者的外阴部接触而刺激外阴部。
根据本发明的最佳实施例，该吸水体在其远离底片一侧设有一个渗液的罩片，而两长孔之间的顶片区则位于排尿点和排屎点之间。两长孔的侧缘从开叉部分的横边岔开而顶片内的弹性件沿着开孔的侧缘延伸，该横向安置在顶片和吸水体的内罩片之间的挠性料片是由一个管状体或管状件组成，该管状件在一个窄区内沿横向连到内罩片和顶片上，此管状件最好与顶片整体构成。
现参照附图更详细说明本发明，其中：
图1是本发明的尿布一个实施例的从上方斜视的透视图；
图2是图1所示的尿布呈平坦状态下从上往下看的示意图；
图3是图1所示的尿布的纵向剖视图；
图4是相当于图2视向的视图，说明图1所示尿布的底片和吸收体；
图5是图2中沿剖面线V-V所取的剖视图；
图6是相当于剖视图图3的纵向剖视图并说明本发明尿布的一个第二实施例；
图7～图10说明适用本发明尿布的挠性科片的各种变型。
图1至图5所示的尿布包括一个吸水体1，在所示实施例的情况下，该吸水体1是由一个水漏形状的主体2和两个侧体3、4组成，主体2又包含有两片5和6，上片5和侧体3，4是由充气的纸浆疏松体构成，底片6最好是由充气的纸浆纤维组成且最好比上片5更能受重压。另外，底片6可由瑞典专利申请No9203445-3所述的那种吸水卷料组成，该卷料包括一个含有5％～100％纸浆纤维干成形片，其密度在0.2～1g/cm3之间和表面重量在30～2000g/m3之间，该底片可通过压缩含有织物的纸浆纤维而不进行随后的脱纤维和疏散处理制成。读者可参考上述的专利申请对上述类型卷料作更深入的研究，从图4看出，片6为矩形形状且仪在一部分片5的下方伸展。
吸水体1被封装在外罩片7(或不渗液材料制成的底片7，例如聚乙烯塑料)和渗液的最好由非编织料制成的内罩片8之间。该内罩片8的形状最好与底片7相似，上述外罩片7和内罩片8在位于吸水体1外的部分连在一起。最好着图4，侧体3，4在横向稍微位于主体2之外而罩片7、8则在主体2和侧体3、4所出现的缝隙处连在一起。
尿布还包括一个与罩片7，8相似的顶片9，该顶片9沿着尿布边缘固紧在尿布上，这样顶片9基本上不与吸水体1相连即不连在其上，该顶片是由使皮肤舒适的材料制成，既可用不渗水也可用渗水材料制成。如图1和图2所示，尿布设有以沿着分叉部13并沿着各自的尿布前部12部分和尿布后部14部分延伸的弹性件10，11的形式出现的边沿弹性层。在上述情况，该弹性件是由4根弹性皮筋组成，这些皮筋以张紧状态连结在底片7和内罩片8之间且把上述顶片和内罩片系紧，然而，应该理解，皮筋的数量可多也可少而且还可使用其它形式的弹性件，诸如弹性宽紧带和具有弹性的薄膜带等，还应明白，反之弹性件10，11也可位于顶片9和内罩片8之间。
顶片9包括两个对称的开孔，一后开孔15和一前开孔16，前后开孔15、16在尿布的纵向为细长形。在尿布纵向位于开孔15，16之间的顶片9的区域17则位在排尿点和排屎点之间，排尿点的意思是当尿布正确安置在穿戴者身上时尿布预定的积尿区，同时排屎点的意思是当尿布穿戴位置正确时尿布预定的积屎区，即上述区各自正对着穿戴者的尿道孔和肛门而当时还要考虑到穿戴者骨骼的正常变化使尿布尺寸适合不同身材的穿戴者穿着合身。各个开孔15和16的侧缘18，19和20，21分别从顶片区17向前和向后发散，开孔有从吸水体的后端和前端略微伸出的呈拱形的横缘22，23。两个弹性皮筋24，25以张紧状态连到顶片9且从前尿布部12的前部伸到后尿布部14的后部，皮筋24，25相互呈收敛状从前尿布部12伸到顶片9的区域17中，沿着开孔16的侧缘20，21，再沿着开孔15的侧缘18，19大致伸向开孔15的后缘22的水平面处。在所示实施例中，皮筋24，25连在顶片和窄的非编织带(未示出)之间而该非编织带用胶水或其它合适方法紧固到皮筋和顶面处。在本实施例中，非编织带沿皮筋全长定位而皮筋沿着其全长紧固到顶片上，然而这并不是绝对必要的，因为在区域17内把皮筋的各端固紧到顶片上也能达到所要起的作用。根据一种变型，非编织带可沿着带边缘紧固到顶片上，以便构成皮筋导向通道，在这种情况下，把皮筋固紧在导向通道端就足以系紧到顶片上，这样，当非编织带沿着皮筋全长延伸时，就足以把皮筋端系紧到顶壁上。皮筋最好能在这些导向通道内自由延伸，通过折迭顶片与开孔15，16的裁剪口相结合就能构成导向通道，随之也就构成与顶片成一体的上述非编织带。
用1993年12月21日提交的瑞典专利申请号9304232-3中公开的技术，也能直接把皮筋固紧到顶片上，该申请叙述如何借助热塑件用机械锁紧或化学粘合锁住弹性件的方法，这样弹性件就能直接连结到下位基片上，热塑件最好通过超声焊接而连结到下位基片上。在这方面，读者可参考上述的瑞典的专利申请以便进一步研究。
一管状体26以一种展平状态连在顶片和吸水体之间的顶片区域17内，在顶片固紧到罩片7和8的两点之间横向延伸，管状体26的上侧和下侧借助一在尿布纵向有一个小的伸出的接头，例如借助于胶条，就可分别连结到顶片9和内罩片8。
图2示出处于平坦状态的尿布，该状态意味着此尿布处于加工过程中的状态，在该状态下的尿布克服装在尿布上弹性体的弹力而保持在拉伸状态。当尿布成品从这些夹持力中释放出来时，弹性件10，11，24，25就尽力收缩到全放松状态，此时的尿布形状如图1和图3所示。
顶片9折迭且由于弹性皮筋24，25的收缩而缩短，在侧体3，4绕着它们各自的绞接头(由各自连结的罩片7、8在侧体3、4和主体2的间隙内构成)向上摆动的同时，吸水体1的主体2的弯曲能使顶片缩短，由于弹性皮筋24、25的作用，这样顶片9与吸水体1便被隔开一个距离。
因为管状体26的顶侧和底侧分别沿着各自的窄条27和28紧固到顶片9和内罩片8，这些管状体部件相互也以一相应的方式隔开一距离，这意味管状体将展开或从图2所示的平坦状态隆起。在所述实施例中，管状体的尺寸这样设定，使当尿布具有科1和图3所示的外形时，管状体将向上隆起，使得实际上在一个与尿布的纵向对称平面和吸收体成直角的平面内，管状体呈平坦状，这最好从图3能见到。图5的左边是无负载在其上的尿布剖视图，从该图中能看出，从原来如图5的右边和图2所示的平坦状态隆起的管状体26在向着布侧缘的方向上逐渐缩小，即向着图5左手部分的左方缩小。所以本实施例的管状体向着尿布边缘以渐增的程度进行折迭按照其中一种变型，管状体可以有一从皮筋24，25所定界的中心部分向着尿布侧缘逐渐减小隆起的周围。
在这方面应该指出，图1示出的尿布是在无负载的情况下而不是在穿戴情况下。当然，戴在身上的尿布形状取决于穿戴者的骨骼，尿布的尺寸这样设定使当尿布戴在身上时使皮筋24，25略微张紧，然而，尿布的长度却做到在穿戴尿布后，大部分折迭或折裥仍然保持在顶片内，结果吸水体与顶片在大部分延伸段上彼此都隔开，甚至当尿布戴在身上时也是这样。
所以当尿布戴在身上时，承纳尿和屎使其不与人体皮肤接触的空间位于吸水体和顶片之间，应该理解，该后开孔15的大小和位置对排泄的屎落入该空间内而不落在顶片上是至关重要的，特别对排屎点更是重要，已发现，开孔15的侧缘18，19之间的距离在排屎点至少应为3厘米，开孔点15的前缘位于排屎点前方至少1厘米处最好在2厘米处，且前缘的长度应为2厘米。因为皮筋24，25在尿布的纵向和横向都施加一个弹簧力，当尿布穿戴时，开孔15的侧缘18，19和前缘都会张紧以便保持上述的距离。为了取得大的张紧效果，皮筋24，25的端头最好在横向位于吸收体1侧缘的水平面上。在顶片9上的前开孔保证穿戴者排出的尿直接落在吸收体上并立即被上述吸收体所吸收。
管状体26构成一在开孔15，16下方相互定界各自空间的屏障，该屏障能防止屎尿相混，不然就会形成屎中的酶或尿中的尿素分解从而产生难闻的氨气，形成氨的结果会导致PH值的增加，PH值的增加又会导致屎中的蛋白酶和脂肪酶的活性增加，如果此时屎与皮肤接触会对皮肤产生更大的刺激。上述这种安置还能保证屎不会落入前开孔16下方的空间从而不会与穿戴者的外阴部相接触。
皮筋20，21除了在顶片9上打折裥外，还可使尿布贴靠人体而具有一种封严作用，这就可大大减小男性穿戴者把尿直接排在顶片9上而沿顶片9流出的风险，正常情况应该是尿经前孔16而排到吸水体上。因为皮筋沿着开孔15，16的侧缘延伸，同时也就减少了例如通过穿戴者的活动而引起尿布外负载变化从而导致开孔15，16位置改变的风险。另一个好处是如果由于一个外力作用负载把吸水体压向人体，这就更难使屎和尿从开孔15，16的边缘漏出到顶片9上而使它们相混合。已发现为了取得这些密封功能，后开孔15的侧缘之间的距离在排屎点中心应不大于6厘米，最好小于5厘米，后开孔15的前缘长度应不超过4厘米。
从吸水的角度来说，侧体3，4不与吸水体1的其余部分相连且构成吸收液体的安全体，该安全体在主吸水体2已经饱和或由于其它原因而不能吸收排出的液体时能起到吸收液体作用。除了上述功能外，上述侧体能对顶面收缩或打折裥而构成的盆状空间起稳定作用而且还能在尿布受到外部载荷时，不使整个主体压向人体。
管状体26可由渗液材料或不污液材料组成，相同的材料可用于底片，内罩片或顶片所构成的材料。
若不用图3所示的一个双壁屏障构成的管状件26，还能用在开孔15，16之间呈折迭或打拆裥状态，例如波纹管状装在内罩片和顶片之间，由单壁可挠曲材料构成的屏障而且以管状体26相同的方式紧固到上述片上。
一种此类单壁或片状屏障29示于图6中，图6是一个相当于图3的视图的纵向剖视图，包含有一个由外罩片31和内罩片32包围的吸水体30和一个具有被顶片区36纵向分开的一前开孔34和一后开孔35的顶片，屏障29是由一个由不渗液或渗液材料制造的矩形片所组成，该屏障29参照上文所述管状体26相同方式，用单折安置在顶片和内罩片之间，在图6中，由于顶片在吸水体的侧缘邻近打拆裥而且位于吸水体侧缘之间的中央部分，隆起或打开的矩形片29在图6中分别用虚线和实线表示而同时隆起或打开的矩形片26。
位于破折线所示的位置之间。
如图7至图10中所示，也能从内罩片或顶片上打折裥来形成屏障29，图7～图10示出相当于图6中图示相同结构的尿布，其纵向剖视图中的中心部分。
图7所示的内罩片包括两片37、38，其中上片37呈折裥状且沿至少两个横向连结点39，40紧固到底片38上，这些横向连结点39，40是由连续的或间断的胶水或焊接组成且相互沿纵向隔开。从图中能看出，当顶片打折裥或拉在一起时所得的外形示于图7中，顶片37形成一个在两个连结点之间的U形体，它有两个侧壁41，42和一个上壁43，上壁43最好用胶水紧固到位于两开孔之间的顶片区40上。
图8所示的屏障44区别于图7所示的屏障41～43，由于内罩片45所形成折裥的相对部分沿着折裥与内罩片45余下部分的连结，已相互连在一起，为的是当顶片在位于横向中央打折裥部分，打折裥和拉在一起时构成一个呈三角形剖面的管状体。
图9和图10示出图8所示为折裥44的一个变型47，该变型区别于折裥44由于折裥壁48，49胶粘在一起，图9示出在尿布加工阶段时，折裥47的外形，而图10示出随着尿布顶片打折裥后的折裥47，该折裥用胶粘或料到位于顶片开孔之间的顶片区50上。
当然，折裥形成的屏障能设置在顶片上而不是在内罩片上，相似于图8-10所示的方式。
可以理解，本发明所述的实施例能够在本发明的范围内作出修改，例如，可以改变顶片上开孔的形状和尺寸，特别关于开孔远端的相互位置，当然，本发明应用于尿布上，尿布的吸水体与所述的吸水体有不同的结构和形状，例如，矩形吸水体有一个或多个吸水层。当然本发明也能应用到所谓“罩尿布”或“训练罩”。因此，本发明仅由下列权利要求内容所限定。

Claims (9)

1.一种吸水物体具有一个前部(12)，一个后部(14)和一个中间分叉部(13)例如一尿布，一种失禁患者的护身布或类似物体，它包括一个吸收体(1)，一个连到吸水体的不渗液的底片(7)和一个与吸收体部分表面积不相连的顶片(9)，该顶片(9)在尿布戴上时会贴近人体，该顶片包括一个从后部伸向分叉部的开孔(15)并以张紧状态连到顶片的弹性件(24、25)，当弹性件从上述张紧状态收缩时使部分不与吸收体连在一起的顶片与人体隔开一距离，其特征在于顶片(9)包括再一个从前部(12)伸向分叉部(13)的开孔(16)，其中一挠性材料制成的片(26)横向穿过吸收体(1)和顶片(9)之间的吸水物体(尿布)，顶片区17则位于二个开孔(15，16)之间，上述挠性材料制成的片固紧到吸收体和顶片上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸水物体，其特征在于吸水体(1)包括一个不渗液的罩片(8)，在其一侧与底片(7)隔开一距离。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸水物体，其特征在于在两个开孔(15，16)之间的顶片区17位于湿点(排尿点)和排屎点之间。
4.根据权利要求1～3项中的任一项所述的吸水物体，其特征在于在顶片上的两个开孔(15，16)有从上述两开孔之间的顶片区(17)呈发散状的侧缘(18，19和20，21)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的吸水物体，其特征在于在顶片(9)上的弹性件(24，25)沿开孔(15，16)的侧缘(18-21)延伸。
6.根据权利要求1～5中任一项所述的吸水物体，其特征在于位于顶片两开孔(15、16)之间且横向连在顶片(9；40；46)和吸水体(1)的内罩片(8；37，38；45)的挠性材料片具有管状体(26；41 43；44)的形式沿着吸水物体横向延伸的窄区与顶片和内罩片相连。
7.根据权利要求1～5中任一项所述的吸水物体，其特征在于连在顶片上两开孔之间且横向连在顶片和吸水体的内罩片之间的挠性材料片有一个片状形式。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的吸水物体，其特征在于连在顶片上两开孔之间且横向连在顶片和吸水体的内罩片之间的挠性材料片构成一内罩片的整体部分。
9.根据权利要求6或7所述的吸水物体，其特征在于连在顶片上两开孔之间且横向连在顶片和吸水体的内罩片之间的挠性材料片是一内罩片的整体部分。
CN95192157A 1994-03-18 1995-03-17 一种吸水物体 Pending CN1143904A (zh)

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EP0748199A1 (en) 1996-12-18

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