CN114375753A - Method for manually replacing Chinese chestnut - Google Patents
Method for manually replacing Chinese chestnut Download PDFInfo
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- CN114375753A CN114375753A CN202210032999.2A CN202210032999A CN114375753A CN 114375753 A CN114375753 A CN 114375753A CN 202210032999 A CN202210032999 A CN 202210032999A CN 114375753 A CN114375753 A CN 114375753A
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- 240000004957 Castanea mollissima Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 235000018244 Castanea mollissima Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 235000006667 Aleurites moluccana Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 241001070941 Castanea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000014036 Castanea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001376676 Chamaeza mollisima Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000132521 Erigeron Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000003715 nutritional status Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese chestnut cultivation, in particular to a method for manually replacing Chinese chestnuts. In particular to a method for removing fruit front tips in 30 days when female flower clusters are generated on fruit branches of Chinese chestnuts. According to the invention, the mode of manual code replacement is adopted, and the front tips of the fruits are removed in the growing season, so that the nutrition originally used for the growth of the front tips of the fruits is saved, and the next year of germination of the shrunken buds at the base parts of the bearing branches is promoted. On one hand, the branches germinated on the base become high-quality fruiting branches, the purposes of slowing down the expansion of tree crowns and prolonging the closing time of the chestnut garden are achieved, on the other hand, the situation that the requirements on the traditional Chinese chestnut pruning technology and the refinement degree are high is changed, the labor efficiency is improved, the technical difficulty is reduced, and the large-scale popularization in production is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese chestnut cultivation, in particular to a method for manually replacing Chinese chestnuts.
Background
Chinese chestnut (C.mollisima Blume) is native to China, has a long cultivation history, is a special dry fruit in China, and has the first place in the world in area and yield. The chestnuts are mainly distributed in hills and mountainous areas, and the cultivation management is relatively extensive. The mother branches of the Chinese chestnut fruits can be differentiated into fruiting branches in the next year, and the fruiting branches are generally divided into three parts: 1-3 sections of the base part are shrunken buds, and the shrunken buds basically do not sprout or only sprout into weak development branches under normal conditions; 3-8 sections of growing male inflorescences are arranged above the shrunken buds, wherein female flower clusters are formed between 2-3 male inflorescences at the top and axillaries at times, and when the male inflorescences and chestnut buds fall off, blind sections are formed at the positions; the top of the male inflorescence is the front tip of the fruit, on which the mixed flower bud grows. The mixed flower buds are further divided into completely mixed flower buds (top end of front end of fruit) and incompletely mixed flower buds (base end of front end of fruit), the completely mixed flower buds grow into fruiting branches with female flowers and male flowers, and the incompletely mixed flower buds only grow into male flower branches with male flowers. According to the differentiation rule of Chinese chestnut flower buds, female flower clusters belong to extrabud differentiation, morphological differentiation and spring tip growth are carried out synchronously, the differentiation period is short and centralized, and the differentiation period is mostly centralized from the first 4 to the first 6 months of each year.
The Chinese chestnut is a typical strong branch result, the quality of a fruiting mother branch is closely related to the number of fruiting branches, the number of female flowers and the number of chestnut fleabane, the quality of the fruiting mother branch is closely related to the nutritional status of the fruiting mother branch, and the length of a fruit front tip can reflect the quality of the fruiting mother branch to a certain extent. The branch bud characteristic of the Chinese chestnut determines that the fruiting part continuously moves outwards without manual intervention, the crown is rapidly enlarged, the cultivation and management are inconvenient, the labor efficiency and the photosynthetic efficiency are reduced, the Chinese chestnut garden is closed, and the quality and the yield of the nuts are reduced. Therefore, pruning measures are necessary, and traditionally, a method of thinning weak branches, dense branches and high and large branches by using a sickle or an axe is adopted to reduce the height of the tree, concentrate nutrition and prevent the crown from expanding, so that the pruning of the fruit parent branches is particularly important in the process. The stout fruiting mother branch is commonly called as a club code and is the basis for germinating the fruiting branch in the next year. In order to prevent the branches from being too dense and ensure the yield, the front fruit tips of the bearing branches are removed, so that the middle and upper sections of the bearing branches die in the spring of the next year, the shrunken buds at the base parts of the bearing branches are promoted to germinate into prepared branches, and the effect of replacing codes is realized.
Many methods for artificially replacing codes of chestnuts have been described in the prior art, such as:
the method comprises the steps of alternately updating three branches of a Chinese chestnut tree, firstly establishing a layered or open-core Chinese chestnut standard tree form, then establishing an updated branch group which alternately replaces three branches of a fruiting mother branch, a preparation branch and a nutrition branch, and finely trimming the three branches in a dormancy period every year according to the number of the branch groups and the branch remaining quantity in each square meter space.
The technical scheme has the following disadvantages: the standard tree form and the good branch group structure need to be established, three years are needed for completing an updating period, fine trimming is needed every year, the requirement is high, the labor efficiency is low, and the cost is high.
The following steps are repeated: the castanea mollissima alternately updating, reshaping and pruning are mainly characterized in that severe short-cutting is carried out on 2-year-old branches or 1-year-old branches with the base thickness of 0.7cm in a dormant period, the length of a peg stub left after the short-cutting is strictly controlled to be 2-3 cm, therefore, the high-quality and robust preliminary branches are promoted to be extracted from the hidden buds on the peg pegs, meanwhile, the other part of fruiting mother branches are grown, the fruiting branches are promoted to be extracted again, and mutual alternate updating is carried out.
The technical scheme has the following disadvantages: the dormancy stage severe truncation is mainly performed on the 2-year-old branches or the 1-year-old branches with the base thickness of 0.7cm, and the application range is narrow.
Therefore, the technical staff in the field needs to solve the problem that in the prior art, the fruiting part of the Chinese chestnut is continuously moved outwards, and the crown of the Chinese chestnut is rapidly enlarged, so that the cultivation management is inconvenient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for manually replacing codes of Chinese chestnuts. On one hand, the branches germinated on the base become high-quality fruiting branches, the purposes of slowing down the expansion of tree crowns and prolonging the closing time of the chestnut garden are achieved, on the other hand, the situation that the requirements on the traditional Chinese chestnut pruning technology and the refinement degree are high is changed, the labor efficiency is improved, the technical difficulty is reduced, and the large-scale popularization in production is facilitated.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for artificially replacing Chinese chestnut codes, which removes fruit front tips within 30 days when female flower clusters are generated on fruit branches of Chinese chestnuts.
Specifically, the removal time is that the front tips of the fruits are removed in a growing season, specifically within 1 month after the female flower clusters are generated, the earlier the front tips of the fruits are removed, the more nutrition is saved, the saved nutrition is used for improving the quality of the Chinese chestnut nuts on one hand, and the development of the shrunken buds at the base parts is promoted on the other hand;
removing the front tips of the fruits above the top female flower clusters, and removing all mixed flower buds; so as to save nutrition and prevent the mixed flower buds on the front tips of the fruits from sprouting bearing branches next year to cause the outward shift of bearing parts;
proper bearing branches are selected to ensure that the treated bearing branches can be used as bearing mother branches in the future, and high yield and stable yield are considered; the bearing branches with the growth space positions are selected to carry out the pre-fruit tip removing work (as long as the growth space exists, all the bearing branches can remove the pre-fruit tips), so that the bearing branches formed in the next year are prevented from being too dense.
Preferably, the chestnuts are 3-year-old chestnuts or more.
Preferably, the Chinese chestnut variety is one of Yanqiu, Yanlong, Yanzi, Yanli, Yanbao, Yanshan Zaofeng, Yanshan red chestnut, Yanchang chestnut and Jinfeng.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the artificial replacement method is a method for removing the front tips of bearing branches in the growing season to save nutrition and promote the shrunken buds at the base parts of the bearing branches to germinate next year.
2. Experiments in a small range show that after the front tips of fruits are removed in a growing season by the method, 2 shrunken buds on the base of the bearing mother branches germinate into bearing branches in the next year on average, and the most direct effects are that the bearing parts do not move outwards, and the number of the buds is increased.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 shows chestnut trees after the front tips of the chestnut trees are removed;
FIG. 2 shows the germination of the bud at the base of chestnut tree at 6/11/2021;
FIG. 3 shows the germination of the base bud of chestnut tree into bearing branch at 11/20/2021.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for artificially replacing Chinese chestnut, which is characterized in that the front end of a Chinese chestnut is removed within 30 days when a female flower cluster is generated on a bearing branch of the Chinese chestnut; preferably 5 to 25 days; further preferably 8-20 days; more preferably 10 days.
In the invention, the Chinese chestnut is a Chinese chestnut of 3 years old and above; preferably 4 years old chestnut.
In the invention, the Chinese chestnut variety is one of Yanqiu, Yanlong, Yanzi, Yanli, Yanbao, Yanshan Zaofeng, Yanshan red chestnut, Yanchang chestnut and Jinfeng; preferably one of Yanqiu, Yanlong, Yanzi and Yanli; further preferably swallowautumn or swallowdragon; more preferably swallow autumn.
In the invention, the fruit front tip is the fruit front tip positioned above the top female flower cluster.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Selecting 4-year-old 'yanqiu' Chinese chestnut, after the female flower cluster grows out, removing the uppermost fruit tip of the female flower cluster within 10 days, and photographing the condition that the base bud of the Chinese chestnut germinates into bearing branches in 2021, 6-month, 11-month and 20-month days 11-month respectively (fig. 1-3). The method can promote the shrunken bud at the base of the bearing branch to germinate into the bearing branch with high quality next year, and slows down the expansion of the crown.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for artificially replacing Chinese chestnut codes is characterized in that female flower clusters are generated on bearing branches of Chinese chestnuts, and fruit front tips are removed within 30 days.
2. The method for artificially replacing codes of Chinese chestnuts according to claim 1, wherein the Chinese chestnuts are Chinese chestnuts which are 3 years old or more.
3. The method for artificially replacing codes of Chinese chestnuts according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the Chinese chestnut variety is one of Yanqiu, Yanlong, Yanzi, Yanli, Yanbao, Yanshan Zaofeng, Yanshan red chestnut, Yanchang chestnut and Jinfeng.
4. A method for artificial Chinese chestnut code replacement according to claim 1, wherein the fruit front tips are fruit front tips located above the top female flower clusters.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210032999.2A CN114375753A (en) | 2022-01-12 | 2022-01-12 | Method for manually replacing Chinese chestnut |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210032999.2A CN114375753A (en) | 2022-01-12 | 2022-01-12 | Method for manually replacing Chinese chestnut |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114375753A true CN114375753A (en) | 2022-04-22 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210032999.2A Pending CN114375753A (en) | 2022-01-12 | 2022-01-12 | Method for manually replacing Chinese chestnut |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106105996A (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2016-11-16 | 张恩盛 | Chinese chestnut tree universal cutting back emasculation volume increase pruning method |
| CN107278748A (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2017-10-24 | 韦健 | An a kind of high position changes kind of a method for technological transformation low yield Chinese chestnut |
| CN107484622A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2017-12-19 | 广西那坡县翠株园林业科技有限公司 | A kind of pruning method of Chinese chestnut tree |
| CN107691011A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-02-16 | 东兰县旺达板栗茶油种植专业合作社 | The pruning method of Chinese chestnut bearing-age tree |
-
2022
- 2022-01-12 CN CN202210032999.2A patent/CN114375753A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107278748A (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2017-10-24 | 韦健 | An a kind of high position changes kind of a method for technological transformation low yield Chinese chestnut |
| CN106105996A (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2016-11-16 | 张恩盛 | Chinese chestnut tree universal cutting back emasculation volume increase pruning method |
| CN107484622A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2017-12-19 | 广西那坡县翠株园林业科技有限公司 | A kind of pruning method of Chinese chestnut tree |
| CN107691011A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-02-16 | 东兰县旺达板栗茶油种植专业合作社 | The pruning method of Chinese chestnut bearing-age tree |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
|---|
| 佘远国等: "修剪对板栗生长与结果的影响", 《经济林研究》 * |
| 华自平: "板栗密植园在生长期进行修剪的效果", 《江苏林业科技》 * |
| 孙仁高等: "板栗优良品种―石丰", 《山东农业科学》 * |
| 田卫合等: "板栗摘除果前梢试验", 《林业实用技术》 * |
| 门秀元等: "《板栗优质生产》", 31 August 2008, 内蒙古科学技术出版社 * |
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Application publication date: 20220422 |