CN114342745A - Method suitable for efficient breeding of Epimedium sagittatum (Maxim.) DC (Epimedium Qian Huo) No. 1 seedlings - Google Patents
Method suitable for efficient breeding of Epimedium sagittatum (Maxim.) DC (Epimedium Qian Huo) No. 1 seedlings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method suitable for efficient breeding of Epimedium sagittatum (Maxim.) DC seedlings, which comprises the following steps: cutting off the spica of the flower before seed picking, picking seeds, collecting seeds, cleaning the seeds, soaking the seeds, pre-treating perlite, dressing the seeds, storing at low temperature, managing, hardening the seedlings, selling and the like; the method of the invention is characterized in that: (1) cutting off the tops of the flower cobs; (2) low-temperature constant-humidity treatment is adopted; (3) during the storage period, the seedling emergence treatment is carried out, and the transplanting seedling raising is not carried out any more. Compared with the epimedium seedling raising method in the prior art, the seed collection method has low cost; the storage mode adopts low temperature, constant temperature and constant humidity, the procedure is simple, and the operation is easy; the seedling culture period is short, and only 8 months are needed from storage to seedling sale; the seedling raising cost is low, the seedlings are directly placed outdoors after hardening, and can be sold without transplanting, so that the costs of land, labor, weeding and the like caused by transplanting are avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to efficient seedling breeding of medicinal plants, in particular to a method for efficiently breeding improved variety of Epimedium sagittatum (L.) Maxim No. 1 seedlings.
Background
Qian Huo No. 1 is Chinese medicinal herb Jianye Epimedium [ Epimedium ] in 2021, a bred by Guizhou Guiji biological medicine Limited companyEpimedium sagittatum (Sieb.et Zucc.) Maxim.]The index components of the new variety are 8-10 times of the specified values of epimedium, one traditional Chinese medicine in 2020 edition of Chinese pharmacopoeia, and regional test studies of companies for many years show that the new variety is strong in suitability, stable in quality, high in yield and strong in stress resistance. Because of the excellent characteristics of Qiaoho No. 1, it is designated as the only raw material by the national new anticancer drug 'Acoradine' of class 1.
At present, the planting area under the forest of Qianhuo No. 1 is only 0.2 thousand mu, Qianhuo No. 1 seeds have the dormancy characteristic of morphological after-ripening, the seedling raising cost is high and the seedling emergence is low according to the traditional seedling raising method. Therefore, seedling supply is a difficult problem.
The Chinese pharmacopoeia 2015 edition and 2020 edition stipulates that the Chinese medicinal material epimedium (Epimedii Folium) base source species have four species: herba EpimediiEpimedium brevicornuMaxim, Epimedium sagittatum (Maxim.) MaximEpimedium sagittatum(Sieb. Et Zucc.) Maxim, Epimedium brevicornum MaximEpimedium pubescensMaxim, or Epimedium koreanum nakaiEpimedium koreanumNakai, a Chinese medicinal herb epimedium wushanense (Epimedii Wushhanensis Folium) based source species only epimedium wushanenseEpimedium wushanense T.S. Ying, the seed germination habits of the five medicinal plants have certain differences, and the seedling raising methods are also different.
Chinese patent application No. 202010553466.X "A method for breeding herba Epimedii seedling" combines hormone treatment with low temperature treatment, and seeds are sown after the seeds are exposed to the white, and has complicated procedure and high field weeding cost.
The Chinese patent application No. 201910327511.7 'seedling method of herba Epimedii' is characterized in that the seeds are sown after the seeds are exposed to the white, the seedling period reaches 12 months, and the field weeding cost is high.
The Chinese patent application No. 201911190805.6 'a seedling raising method of herba epimedii' adopts temperature-changing lamination treatment, seeds are sowed after the seeds are white, the procedure is complex, and the field weeding cost is high.
Chinese patent application No. CN201510106571.8 'A seedling growing method of Epimedium wushanense' adopts variable temperature treatment, combines hormone treatment, and then carries out low temperature sand storage, and seeds are sown after the seeds are exposed, the procedure is complex and the field weeding cost is high.
The Chinese patent application No. CN202110415873.9 'A seedling raising method of Epimedium pubescens' adopts facility seedling raising, and the facility cost is higher.
Therefore, the applicant of the invention specially researches an efficient breeding method aiming at the epimedium arrow leaf fine variety 'Qiaohuo 1' according to the seed germination habit of the epimedium arrow leaf fine variety 'Qiaohuo 1'.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low seedling breeding efficiency, low emergence rate, long seedling growing period and high seedling growing cost of the conventional epimedium arrow leaf seedling, and provides a method for efficiently breeding an improved variety of epimedium arrow leaf 'Qianhao No. 1' seedlings.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for efficiently breeding an epimedium sagittifolia fine breed 'Qian Huo No. 1', which comprises the following steps:
1) cutting the spica shaft before seed picking: and cutting off the top of the cob after the top of the cob does not extend any more.
2) Seed collection: after the color of the fruit above 2/3 changes from green to yellow, the whole cluster shaft is cut off and bundled, and the cluster shaft is hung upside down in a ventilated, dry and shady place for drying.
3) Collecting seeds: the seeds dried in the shade are rubbed out.
4) And (3) net seed: removing impurities and shelling in time.
5) Seed soaking: and (4) soaking the clean seeds in clear water for 24-30 hours.
6) Perlite pretreatment: and (3) drying the perlite with the particle size of 0.3 mm at 105 ℃ for 5-8 h, and cooling at normal temperature for later use.
7) Seed dressing: the seed dressing matrix is a bagged organic fertilizer and perlite which take cow dung as the matrix, the soaked seeds are fished out and drained, and then the seeds are mixed according to the weight ratio: organic fertilizer: seed dressing with perlite =1: 1: 1, adding a certain amount of clear water; adding a certain amount of clear water; the water is added until obvious water marks can be seen on the hands after the water is fully and uniformly mixed, and the water is held by the hands to form a cluster and then is loosened.
8) And (3) low-temperature storage: placing the mixture in a dark environment with the temperature of 4 +/-2 ℃ and the humidity of 70-80%.
9) Management: mainly relates to moisture preservation, seed turning, bacteria prevention, moisture control, light supplement, nutrient solution supplement and the like;
wherein, the moisturizing method comprises the following steps: during the low-temperature storage period, the water content of the matrix should be checked every 7-10 days, and the specific method comprises the following steps: the hand-held substrate is in a ball shape, and if the hand has obvious water marks, water does not need to be sprayed; if no water mark exists, the substrate is sprayed with clean water once, the water spraying amount is based on the standard that the substrate is held by hands in a ball shape and is scattered immediately after the hands are loose, and obvious water marks are visible on the hands;
the seed turning method comprises the following steps: turning the seeds once every 35-40 days, still spreading the seeds in an iron wire frame after turning, and still spreading a layer of matrix on the surface layer until the seeds are not attached;
the bacteria prevention method comprises the following steps: during the low-temperature storage period, if mould appears, the substrate is combined for moisture preservation, and a bactericide is sprayed in time;
the humidity control method comprises the following steps: when the seeds are stored at low temperature for 100-110 days, most seeds grow embryonic roots visible to the naked eyes, and then the humidity of the substrate is controlled, and the substrate is held by hands to have a certain water stain;
the light supplement method comprises the following steps: when the seeds grow out of the first true leaves, the storage environment needs to start to supplement illumination, the illumination time is 8 h/d, namely illumination in the daytime, and the power supply is turned off at night;
the method for supplementing the nutrient solution comprises the following steps: and when the seedlings grow to 2-3 cm, moisturizing and supplementing the Hoagland nutrient solution.
10) Hardening seedlings: and (5) hardening the seedlings when the height of the seedlings is 5-8 cm.
11) And (3) selling: when the height of the seedling is more than 10 cm, the seedling can be sold.
Further, the truncation method in step 1): and after the length of the rachis does not extend any more, cutting off the rachis, wherein the length of the cut-off is 1/3 of the length of the whole rachis, so that the nutrition of the plant is intensively supplied to the growth of seeds at the middle lower part of the rachis, the seeds at the middle lower part are promoted to be filled and full, and the seed germination rate is improved. The measure is not available in the current epimedium seedling raising method.
Further, the seed collecting method in the step 2) comprises the following steps: when the color of 2/3 fruit changes from green to yellow, the peel cracks but the seed does not drop out, the whole cluster is cut off from the base of cluster axis, bundled and hung upside down in a ventilated, dry and cool place, so that the seed which is not completely mature is self-ripened. The method is adopted for the first time, seeds are collected in a bagging mode in the existing epimedium seedling raising method, the cost of a mesh bag and labor reaches 5500.0-6000.0 yuan/mu, and the cost of the seed collection method is 800.0-1000.0/mu.
Further, the seed soaking method in the step 5) comprises the following steps: the seed soaking process needs to be carried out for 3-5 times by rubbing, the seed can be further cleaned by the method, and impurities which are not cleaned up in the steps 3) and 4) are removed by flowing water screening.
Further, the water adding amount in the step 7): the substrate is wet, the substrate is held by hands to be in a ball shape, the hands are loosened and scattered, and obvious water marks visible to naked eyes are on the hands; the substrate is a bagged organic fertilizer taking cow dung as the substrate and is powdery, has the advantages of strong water retention, looseness, certain fertility and light weight, and has the defect of slightly poor air permeability, and is assisted by perlite with the diameter of 0.3 mm, and the perlite has the advantages of light weight, porosity and good air permeability, and has the defect of slightly larger interparticle pores and no water retention. The two materials are selected for making up for the deficiency, and are uniformly mixed with the seeds according to the weight ratio of 1: 1: 1, so that the seeds are in a stable environment with water retention, ventilation and light resistance. The prior literature reports that the substrates adopted by epimedium seedlings include turfy soil, river sand, vermiculite and the like, and the defects are that the substrates are heavy after being uniformly stirred and the operation is inconvenient.
Further, in the step 8), the low-temperature constant-humidity dark storage time is 120 d, in the technical scheme of the invention, the seeds are stored in a low-temperature constant-temperature (4 ℃) constant-humidity (air humidity of a storage space is 80 +/-5%) dark manner, and the radicles of the seeds are visible to the naked eyes at 90-100 d due to the stable temperature and humidity environment. The epimedium seed seedling raising reported in the prior literature does not adopt the measure of humidity control, so that the epimedium seed is in a humidity change environment, and the germination period is prolonged.
Further, the seed placement method of low-temperature storage in the step 8): the matrix bearing is a latticed iron wire frame, and the specification of the iron wire frame is as follows: the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height =80 cm multiplied by 10 cm, the distance of the grid is 2.5 cm, a piece of permeable and breathable grass-prevention cloth is padded in the iron wire frame, then the seeds uniformly mixed with the matrix are flatly paved in the iron wire frame, the thickness is 2-3 cm, and then a seed-mixing matrix with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm is paved on the surface layer for moisture preservation.
Further, the management in the step 9) mainly includes the following operations:
(a) and (3) moisturizing: during storage, the water content of the matrix is checked every 7-10 days, and the specific method comprises the following steps: the hand-held substrate is in a ball shape, and if the hand has obvious water marks, water does not need to be sprayed; if no water stain exists, the substrate is sprayed with clean water once, and the water spraying amount is based on the standard that the substrate is held by hands and is in a ball shape, the substrate is loosened immediately after the hands are loosened, and obvious water stains are visible on the hands.
(b) Seed turning: in the storage period, turning over the seeds once every 35-40 days, and specifically operating: putting the matrix mixed with the seeds into a clean basin, and fully and uniformly stirring. After turning over, the seeds still spread in the iron wire frame, and a layer of matrix is still spread on the surface layer until the seeds are not attached. This operation should be continued until the time of cryopreservation to 90 days, after which the radicle begins to grow and no longer turns over. When the seeds are turned for the last time, a layer of matrix with the thickness of 4-5 cm is laid in the iron wire frame, the water content of the matrix is wet by holding a hand, obvious water stains are formed on the hand, and then the matrix mixed with the seeds is laid on the matrix.
(c) And (3) bacteria prevention: during the storage period, although the storage is carried out at low temperature, some mixed bacteria can grow, if macroscopic mould is found, the substrate is combined for moisture preservation, and the bactericide is sprayed in time, wherein the spraying concentration is as follows: 500 mL of clear water contains 1 g of bactericide (such as carbendazim, chlorothalonil or thiophanate methyl).
(d) Moisture control: after 90 days of low-temperature storage, the radicle of the seed begins to grow, and the water content of the substrate is controlled to prevent the rotten seed. The humidity control method comprises the following steps: the substrate is wet when held by hand, and a small amount of water is left on the hand.
(e) Light supplement: when the seeds grow out of the first true leaves, the light is supplemented by a fluorescent lamp source in the storage room, the light supplementing time is 8 h/d in the daytime, and the power supply is turned off at night.
(f) And (3) supplement of nutrient solution: because the nutrient elements in the matrix are less, particularly the nutrient elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are lacked, when the seedlings grow to 2-3 cm, the nutrient elements are supplemented, the nutrient solution of the Holland is mainly supplemented, and the nutrient solution is supplemented once before hardening the seedlings.
Further, in the step 10), the seedling exercising method comprises the following steps: when the seedling is 4~5 cm high, move the iron wire frame to outdoor daytime, place outdoor 3 h the first day, place 5 h the second day, place 8 h the third day, place 10 h the fourth day, place 24 h the fifth day, directly place outdoors after the fifth day.
Further, in the step 11), the management and protection before sale: when the height of the seedling is 10-15 cm, the seedling can be sold. Before sale, the nutrient solution of the lotus can be sprayed once, and the spraying amount is based on the wetting of the substrate.
Compared with the epimedium seedling raising method in the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the seed cost is 1/6 reported in the literature.
(2) The storage mode adopts low temperature, constant temperature and constant humidity, and the process is simple and easy to operate.
(3) The seedling culture period is short, and only 8 months are needed from storage to seedling sale.
(4) The seedling raising cost is low, the seedlings are directly placed outdoors after hardening, and can be sold without transplanting, so that the costs of land, labor, weeding and the like caused by transplanting are avoided.
The invention adopts a special seed collection method, low-temperature constant-humidity storage and seedling emergence during the storage period, and can sell seedlings without transplanting again, thereby obtaining the cost-saving and efficiency-increasing high-efficiency seedling raising method for the improved variety of Epimedium sagittatum, Qianhao No. 1.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of gauze bag interplanting method, a seed collection method in the epimedium seedling raising method in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the method for harvesting seeds of Qianhuo No. 1 in the invention, namely the method of early pruning and after-ripening;
FIG. 3 is a graph of filled seeds after truncation treatment;
FIG. 4 is a graph of seeds of a growing depression without truncation;
FIG. 5 is a graph of seed dressing of a substrate in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of seed emergence in an example of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a plot of the mass emergence of seeds in an example of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of the hardening-seedling in the example of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a diagram of a marketable seedling in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described with reference to the following embodiments.
The breeding of the epimedium sagittifolia fine breed 'Qiaohao 1' needs to be well known in two aspects, namely, the biological characteristics of the growth and development of seeds 'Qiaohao 1' are fully familiar, and the requirements of the germination of the seeds 'Qiaohao 1' on the environment are fully familiar.
The main biological characteristics of the growth and development of the seeds of Qiaohuo No. 1 are as follows: the seeds at the top of the rachis are not fully developed, so that the seeds are not full, and in order to avoid nutrition consumption of the growing nutrition of the small flowers at the top, the nutrition is intensively supplied to the seeds at the middle lower part of the rachis, a cutting measure is adopted.
The seeds of Qianhuo No. 1 have different maturity periods, and the seeds at the lower part are ripe firstly and are easy to fall out of the shells. Therefore, when the seeds are harvested, the seeds cannot be harvested after the middle seeds are mature.
According to the biological characteristics of the growth and development of seeds of 'Qiaohuo No. 1', a certain company adopts the method of the invention to operate in the seedling raising production, and carries out the following operations:
cutting off the top: after the length of the rachis is not extended any more, judging the standard: the lower middle florets have withered and the top florets are still open. The truncated length is 1/3 of the entire rachis length. The purpose of the truncation is to ensure that the nutrition is sufficient and the centralized supply is needed for the growth and development of the seeds at the middle and lower parts.
Seed collection: the grasp of the seed collecting period is very critical, and the judgment standard is as follows: the color of the fruit changes from green to yellow, the fruit shell at the lower part is in a cracking shape, but the seed does not drop out of the shell. The whole cluster is cut from the base of the cluster stem and bundled, and is placed in a white gauze bag, and the white gauze bag is hung upside down and placed in a ventilated, dry and cool place until the seeds in the middle are after-ripened.
Collecting seeds: and (3) when the clusters are dried in the shade, judging the standard: the fruit shell in the middle part is in a cracking shape. The seeds are manually rubbed out.
And (3) net seed: the winnowing equipment is adopted, and the applicable equipment such as wind winnowing for cleaning grains in rural areas and electric wind winnowing are adopted to remove impurities such as branch sections, shells and the like.
Seed soaking: the seed soaking is carried out by adopting flowing water, and the seed soaking time is more than 24 h. Rubbing seeds for 3-5 times during seed soaking, further rubbing uncleaned husks, shrunken seeds and other impurities during seed soaking, and further cleaning seeds. The seed soaking purpose is two: firstly, the seeds fully absorb water, so that the growth and development of embryos are facilitated; and secondly, the seeds are further cleaned, and the seeds are inhibited from sprouting to a certain extent if the seeds are not cleaned because the shells contain the seed sprouting inhibitors.
Seed dressing: the seed dressing matrix is prepared from perlite with the grain diameter of 0.3 mm and bagged organic fertilizer taking cow dung as the matrix. The advantages of light weight, porosity and air permeability of the perlite and the advantages of light weight, water retention and light resistance of the organic fertilizer are fully utilized, the seeds, the perlite and the organic fertilizer are uniformly mixed according to the weight ratio =1: 1: 1, and then clean water is added. And (4) adding water quantity standard: the hand-held substrate is moist, the hand-held substrate is bulk and loose, and obvious water marks can be seen by naked eyes on the hand.
Germination habit of seeds of Qiaohuo No. 1: the Guihuo No. 1 seed has a morphological dormancy habit, does not have embryos at first, and needs a period of low-temperature program to form the embryos.
Low-temperature storage measures are adopted according to the germination habit of the seeds of the Qianhuo No. 1. And (3) placing the uniformly stirred seeds in a dark environment with the temperature of 4 +/-2 ℃ and the humidity of a storage environment of 70-80%. The latticed iron wire frame is used as a carrier for bearing seeds, and the specification of the iron wire frame is as follows: length × width × height =80 cm × 80 cm × 10 cm, with a grid spacing of 2.5 cm. A layer of permeable and breathable grass prevention cloth is laid in the iron wire frame, the uniformly stirred seeds are laid in the iron wire frame, the thickness of the seeds is 2-3 cm, a layer of water-containing matrix with the thickness of 1-2 cm is laid on the surface layer, and the water content is the same as that of [0051 ]. The storage time was 120 days.
Management and protection during storage mainly relate to moisture preservation, seed turning, bacteria prevention, moisture control, light supplement and nutrient solution supplement.
And (3) moisturizing: the water content of the matrix is checked every 7-10 days, and the specific method comprises the following steps: the hand-held substrate is in a ball shape, and if the hand has obvious water marks, water does not need to be sprayed; if no water stain exists, the substrate is sprayed with clean water once, and the water spraying amount is based on the standard that the substrate is held by hands and is in a ball shape, the substrate is loosened immediately after the hands are loosened, and obvious water stains are visible on the hands.
Seed turning: turning the seeds once every 35-40 d, and specifically: putting the matrix mixed with the seeds into a clean basin, and fully and uniformly stirring. After turning over, the seeds still spread in the iron wire frame, and a layer of matrix is still spread on the surface layer until the seeds are not attached. This operation should be continued until the time of cryopreservation to 90 days, after which the radicle begins to grow and no longer turns over. When the seeds are turned for the last time, a layer of matrix with the thickness of 4-5 cm is laid in the iron wire frame, the water content of the matrix is wet by holding a hand, obvious water stains are formed on the hand, and then the matrix mixed with the seeds is laid on the matrix.
And (3) bacteria prevention: if macroscopic mould is found, combining the substrate to moisturize and spray the bactericide in time, wherein the spraying concentration is as follows: 500 mL of clear water contains 1 g of bactericide (such as carbendazim, chlorothalonil or thiophanate methyl).
Moisture control: when the seeds are stored at low temperature for 90 days, the radicles of the seeds grow, develop and form, and the water content of the matrix is controlled to prevent the rotten seeds. The humidity control method comprises the following steps: the substrate is wet when held by hand, and a small amount of water is left on the hand.
Light supplement: when the seeds grow out of the first true leaves, the light is supplemented by a fluorescent lamp source in the storage room, the light supplementing time is 8 h/d in the daytime, and the power supply is turned off at night.
And (3) supplement of nutrient solution: because the nutrient elements in the matrix are less, particularly the nutrient elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are lacked, when the seedlings grow to 2-3 cm, the nutrient elements are supplemented, the nutrient solution of the Holland is mainly supplemented, and the nutrient solution is supplemented once before hardening the seedlings.
Hardening seedlings: in order to make the seedlings fully adapt to the external natural environment and improve the adaptability and survival rate of the seedlings, seedling hardening treatment is required. The operation method comprises the following steps: when the seedling is 4~5 cm high, move the iron wire frame to outdoor daytime, place outdoor 3 h the first day, place 5 h the second day, place 8 h the third day, place 10 h the fourth day, place 24 h the fifth day, directly place outdoors after the fifth day.
Managing and protecting seedlings before sale: and (4) after seedling hardening is finished and before the seedlings are sold, the seedlings are always in a growth state, and when the height of the seedlings is 10-15 cm, the seedlings can be sold. During the period from the seedling hardening to the seedling selling, the nutrient solution is supplemented once, the nutrient solution of the Holland is sprayed once, and the spraying standard is based on the substrate wetting so as to promote the vigorous growth of plants.
The embodiment is compared with the patent application cases about the epimedium seedling raising found in the current Chinese patent database: chinese patent application No. 202010553466.X "A method for breeding herba Epimedii seedlings", application No. 201910327511.7 "A method for breeding herba Epimedii", application No. 201911190805.6 "A method for breeding herba Epimedii", application No. CN201510106571.8 "A method for breeding herba Epimedii wushanensis", and application No. CN202110415873.9 "A method for breeding herba Epimedii dauricus".
The epimedium seedling raising method does not adopt the following operation measures in the patent: (1) cutting off the tops of the flower cobs; (2) low-temperature constant-humidity treatment is adopted; (3) during the storage period, the seedling emergence treatment is carried out, and the transplanting seedling raising is not carried out any more.
Compared with the epimedium seedling raising method, the invention has the following advantages: the seedling culture period is short, and the seedling can be sold in only 8 months; the procedure is simple and easy to operate; the seedling raising cost is greatly reduced, and the cost of land, labor and weeding management and protection after the seeds are exposed in the white and broadcast sowed in the field is avoided.
The above examples are only illustrative of the embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is clear, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make several modifications according to specific situations without departing from the spirit of the present invention, thereby further reducing the cost, and all such modifications are within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method suitable for efficient breeding of Epimedium sagittatum (L.) Maxim seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) cutting the spica shaft before seed picking: cutting off the top of the cob after the top of the cob does not extend any more;
2) seed collection: after the color of the fruit above 2/3 changes from green to yellow, the whole cluster shaft is cut off and bundled, and the cluster shaft is hung upside down in a ventilated, dry and shady place for drying;
3) collecting seeds: rubbing out the seeds dried in the shade;
4) and (3) net seed: removing impurities and shelling in time;
5) seed soaking: soaking the clean seeds in clear water for 24-30 h;
6) perlite pretreatment: drying the perlite with the particle size of 0.3 mm at 105 ℃ for 5-8 h, and cooling at normal temperature for later use;
7) seed dressing: the seed dressing matrix is a bagged organic fertilizer and perlite which take cow dung as the matrix, the soaked seeds are fished out and drained, and then the seeds are mixed according to the weight ratio: organic fertilizer: seed dressing with perlite =1: 1: 1, adding a certain amount of clear water; adding water until obvious water marks can be seen on the hands after the water is fully and uniformly mixed, and taking the aim of loosening after the water is held into a cluster;
8) and (3) low-temperature storage: placing the glass substrate in a dark environment with the temperature of 4 +/-2 ℃ and the humidity of 70-80%;
9) management: mainly relates to moisturizing, seed turning, bacteria prevention, moisture control, light supplement and nutrient solution supplement;
wherein, the moisturizing method comprises the following steps: during the low-temperature storage period, the water content of the matrix should be checked every 7-10 days, and the specific method comprises the following steps: the hand-held substrate is in a ball shape, and if the hand has obvious water marks, water does not need to be sprayed; if no water mark exists, the substrate is sprayed with clean water once, the water spraying amount is based on the standard that the substrate is held by hands in a ball shape and is scattered immediately after the hands are loose, and obvious water marks are visible on the hands;
the seed turning method comprises the following steps: turning the seeds once every 35-40 days, still spreading the seeds in an iron wire frame after turning, and still spreading a layer of matrix on the surface layer until the seeds are not attached;
the bacteria prevention method comprises the following steps: during the low-temperature storage period, if mould appears, the substrate is combined for moisture preservation, and a bactericide is sprayed in time; the humidity control method comprises the following steps: when the seeds are stored at low temperature for 100-110 days, most seeds grow embryonic roots visible to the naked eyes, and then the humidity of the substrate is controlled, and the substrate is held by hands to have a certain water stain;
the light supplement method comprises the following steps: when the seeds grow out of the first true leaves, the storage environment needs to start to supplement illumination, the illumination time is 8 h/d, namely illumination in the daytime, and the power supply is turned off at night;
the method for supplementing the nutrient solution comprises the following steps: when the seedlings grow to 2-3 cm, moisturizing and supplementing Hoagland nutrient solution;
10) hardening seedlings: hardening the seedlings when the height of the seedlings is 5-8 cm;
11) and (3) selling: when the height of the seedling is more than 10 cm, the seedling can be sold.
2. The high-efficiency seedling breeding method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in the step 1), the truncation method comprises the following steps: the top panicle was cut off, and the cut-off portion accounted for 1/3 of the entire panicle axis length.
3. The high-efficiency seedling breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the standard of seed collection: 2/3 the fruit has all turned yellow and the pod has been cracked, but the seed has not dropped out of the pod.
4. The efficient seedling breeding method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5), in the seed soaking treatment process, the seeds are stirred and washed for 3-5 times, and shells floating on the water surface or shrunken seeds are removed.
5. The method for high-efficiency breeding of seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step 8), the low-temperature treatment method comprises the following steps: spreading the uniformly stirred seeds in an iron wire frame, wherein the thickness of the uniformly stirred seeds is 2-3 cm, and then spreading a seed-mixing matrix with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm on the surface layer for moisturizing;
and then placing the glass substrate in a dark environment with the temperature of 4 +/-2 ℃ and the humidity of 70-80% for 120 days.
6. The method for high-efficiency breeding of seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in step 9), the seed turning is continued until the low temperature storage reaches 90 days, and then the seed turning is prohibited because the radicle begins to grow.
7. The efficient seedling breeding method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 9), the spraying concentration of the spraying bactericide is as follows: 500 mL of clear water contains 1 g of the bactericide.
8. The efficient seedling breeding method according to claim 1, wherein in step 9), the bactericide can be carbendazim, chlorothalonil or thiophanate-methyl.
9. The efficient seedling breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 9), the light supplementing operation is continued until the seedlings are moved out of the low temperature environment.
10. The high-efficiency seedling breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 10), the seedling hardening method comprises the following steps: when the plant height of the seedlings is 4-5 cm, the tray is moved to the outdoor with the seedlings together in the daytime to be acclimated, and the seedlings are placed back to the low-temperature storage environment at night, and the operation lasts for 5 days.
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| CN116897776A (en) * | 2023-06-25 | 2023-10-20 | 神农架林区中医药产业协会 | Storage method, culture method and planting method of epimedium seeds |
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| CN116897776B (en) * | 2023-06-25 | 2024-03-29 | 神农架林区中医药产业协会 | Storage method, culture method and planting method of epimedium seeds |
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