CN108887177A - A kind of breeding method improveing weak dormant trait peanut varieties - Google Patents
A kind of breeding method improveing weak dormant trait peanut varieties Download PDFInfo
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- CN108887177A CN108887177A CN201810773248.XA CN201810773248A CN108887177A CN 108887177 A CN108887177 A CN 108887177A CN 201810773248 A CN201810773248 A CN 201810773248A CN 108887177 A CN108887177 A CN 108887177A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/06—Processes for producing mutations, e.g. treatment with chemicals or with radiation
Abstract
A kind of breeding method improveing weak dormant trait peanut varieties, has follow steps：1, it selects the plantation of weak dormant trait kind, selects when harvest that plant type is compact, and number of results is more, plant height is almost the same, healthy and strong peanut plant；2, second year obtains the seed of primary election from the peanut plant obtained in step 1；3, the seed that step 2 obtains is impregnated with cold water and is wrapped up again with wet gauze, placed under room temperature 24 hours, then reject shelled peanut wherein germinate and kernel seed coat colour piebald, obtain the seed for being used for mutagenesis；4, the seed Co that step 3 is obtained60Radiation exposure obtains the seed for plantation；The process that the seed that step 4 is obtained is planted, harvested, chosen seeds, at least continuous seed selection in 4 years of process are final to obtain the moderate new peanut variety of dormant trait.The present invention combines peanut line breeding with mutation breeding, and the kind weak to dormant trait improves, and improves its dormant trait, and other characters keep or slightly improve, to filter out the kind for more meeting production requirement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to peanut breeding technology, specifically a kind of breeding method for improveing weak dormant trait peanut varieties.
Background technique
Peanut seed domant is a Main Agronomic Characters of peanut, and power directly influences the production of peanut, not
The too strong kind of moultinism, cannot after planting sprout in time, easily occur rotten kind, emergence rate declines, field emergence is irregular, big seedling
Phenomena such as, the excessively weak kind of dormant trait, mature later period or harvest season encounter cloudy weather for several days running weather, and field temperature and humidity is suitable for peanut
Seed is easy germination in pod, and commodity is poor, loses Seed practical value, and oil content substantially reduces, and not only influences quality and yield,
And increase infection Aspergillosis Huang risk, influence the sale of peanut cultivation family.There are many studies have shown that dormant trait power and pod
Germination degree on plant is related.Accordingly, it in such a way that field germination degree is different or creates germination condition, can screen
The peanut varieties of ideal degree of hibernation meet production needs.The suitable kind of breeding dormant trait just not only can guarantee normally to go out
Seedling, and field premature germination when can prevent harvest are significant for peanut production.
The existing method for cultivating peanut varieties has line breeding, crossbreeding, mutation breeding, biotechnology breeding, disease-resistant
Breeding, Drought-resistant Breeding, quality breeding etc..These breeding methods provide most important theories basis for peanut breeding, are peanut production
Important function is played.The kind being widely applied in production total energy discovery individual defects in extension process influence production, e.g.,
Grain germination is more when harvesting peanut, but Grain germination phenomenon in field causes people's enough attention not yet when harvesting peanut.Mesh
Before, it is more for peanut suspend mode and germination studies document, Related Mechanism, which is understood, for us provides reference.Open source information is carried out
Retrieval, there is presently no the records that discovery improves peanut varieties individually weak to dormant trait.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of breeding methods for improveing weak dormant trait peanut varieties, and this method is for synthesis
This defect of weak dormant trait present in preferable peanut varieties is showed to improve.
To achieve the above object, a kind of breeding method improveing weak dormant trait peanut varieties provided by the invention, have with
Lower step：
1）, the weak dormant trait peanut varieties of selection carry out field planting, compact, number of results of in field picking out several plant types when harvest
More, plant height is almost the same, the healthy and strong peanut plant of no disease pest harm, dries and does under natural conditions, chooses seeds as second year with flower
It is raw；
2）, before second year sowing, selected from the peanut plant obtained in step 1 good-looking double grains type pod, color, disease-free pityriasis simplex,
The peanut of full seed, carry out manually dial shell, reject germinateed, have disease pest endanger and the lesser shelled peanut of grain seed, obtain
Obtain the seed of primary election；
3）, seed that step 2 obtains is impregnated 3 hours with cold water after pull out, then with clean wet gauze
Moisturizing is wrapped up, is placed 24 hours under room temperature, then will wherein have been germinateed or flower just germinate and kernel seed coat colour piebald
Raw rice is rejected, and after drying under remaining seed placement sunlight, obtains the seed for being used for mutagenesis；
4）, to step 3 obtain the seed auspicious unit of 300 lattice Co60Radiation exposure 2 hours, obtain the kind for plantation
Son；
5）, the seed that obtains step 4 process being planted, harvested, chosen seeds harvests by the requirement that peanut is chosen seeds from last year
Peanut in preferably go out the good seed as current year of overall target, at least continuous seed selection in 4 years of process finally obtains dormant trait
Moderate new peanut variety.
The present invention combines peanut line breeding with mutation breeding, and the kind weak to dormant trait improves, and improves it
Dormant trait, and other characters keep or slightly improve, to filter out the kind for more meeting production requirement.Method master provided by the invention
Kind is promoted mainly in the production for this defect that preferably, there is only seed when the harvest of field easily to germinate for general performance, with full
Foot production needs.
Rationally, reliably, the peanut varieties dormant trait obtained by this method improvement is moderate for the method for the present invention, also retains simultaneously
The advantages of original kind, make when its harvest that field germination rate declines to a great extent and a small number of characters are better than original kind, and then makes obtained flower
The commodity of raw seed increases substantially, overall quality be improved significantly.
Preferably, above-mentioned steps 1）In, selected peanut varieties are that Henan spends 15.
Preferably, above-mentioned steps 1）In, the peanut planted is postponed 5-7 days and being harvested, to create it when reaching harvest time
Field germination condition.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated with reference to embodiments.
Firstly, ideal breeding field, the selection of breeding field will be selected by implementing the present invention：Selection soil layer is deep, and topography is higher,
The content of organic matter is high, more than medium fertility, has irrigation conditions, last year does not plant the field of peanut as breeding field.
Breeding field can carry out breeding by following embodiment after choosing.
The present embodiment improves it by taking Henan spends 15 as an example, by following procedure.
1）, selection Henan spend 15 kinds to be planted, when reaching harvest time, postpone 5-7 days harvest, with create its field send out
Budling part, picks out when harvest that 10 plants of plant types are compact, and number of results is more, and plant height is almost the same in field, the stalwartness of no disease pest harm
Peanut plant, dries under natural conditions dry, as second year seed selection peanut, after pod is taken, pays attention to insect prevention, moisture-proof, protection against rodents
Keeping.
2）, before second year sowing, selected from the peanut obtained in step 1 good-looking double grains type pod, color, disease-free pityriasis simplex,
The peanut of full seed, carry out manually dial shell, reject germinateed, have disease pest endanger and the lesser shelled peanut of grain seed, obtain
Obtain the seed of primary election.
3）, seed that step 2 obtains is impregnated 3 hours with cold water after pull out, then with clean wet gauze
Moisturizing package, is placed 24 hours under room temperature, then will wherein have been germinateed or flower just germinate and kernel seed coat colour piebald
Raw rice is rejected, and after drying under remaining seed placement sunlight, obtains the seed for being used for mutagenesis.
4）, to step 3 obtain the seed auspicious unit of 300 lattice Co60It radiation exposure 2 hours, obtains for plantation
Seed.
5）, the seed that obtains step 4 process being planted, harvested, chosen seeds, specific process is as follows：
Step 4 is obtained seed in the way of simple grain program request in field planting, harvest by First Year, all mixed after rejecting diseased plant
Close harvest；
Second year selects Ecological Property of Peanut Seeds that is full, not germinateing, endanger without disease pest as the from the peanut of First Year mixing harvest
For generation seed material in field simple grain program request, the proximity same period that peanut ridge is formed after first generation seed program request presses monoseeding
Mode sow original kind, as check variety, when harvest, according to Comprehensive Traits index, harvested from first generation seed material
The fine individual plant that conspicuousness is better than check variety is picked out in plant, and is numbered respectively, and single list of receiving stores up, rear remaining for selecting
Single plant is all eliminated；
Third year, fine individual plant or strain to second year harvest harvest inspection target according to maturation, and superseded conspicuousness is inferior to pair
According to the single plant or strain of kind, second generation seed material is selected from the remaining single plant better than check variety or strain, in field
Monoseeding, and the same period sows original kind in the proximity of its peanut ridge, when harvest, according to Comprehensive Traits index, from the second generation
Single plant or strain that performance conspicuousness is inferior to check variety are eliminated in the plant of seed material harvest, are retained and are showed excellent single plant
Or strain；
4th year, fine individual plant or strain to third year harvest repeated the selection in third year, sowing and harvest process, finally from
The moderate new peanut variety of dormant trait is picked out in the fine individual plant of acquisition or strain.
Above-mentioned maturation harvests inspection target：Fruit type, per plant number, all kinds of fruits weight, hundred benevolence weights, rice milling yield, seed
Grain germination rate, kernel seed coat colour.Above-mentioned Comprehensive Traits index mainly has：Seedling emergence rate, plant type, stem height, branch amount, fertility
It is phase, leaf, leaf color, flowering habit, disease resistance.
Maturation harvest inspection target mainly reaches claimed below compared with check variety, i.e., it is believed that being better than check variety：
Plant type is almost the same or is better than check variety, and per plant number is almost the same or is better than check variety；All kinds of fruits weight it is almost the same or
Better than check variety；Hundred benevolence weight is almost the same or is better than check variety；Rice milling yield is almost the same or is better than check variety；Seed hair
Bud rate is and the smaller the better less than 5%.
Comprehensive Traits index mainly reaches claimed below compared with check variety, can be used as elite plant（Or strain）It protects
It stays：Seedling emergence rate is not less than check variety；Plant type is almost the same with check variety；Stem height and check variety are almost the same；
Branch amount is almost the same with check variety, and invalid branch amount is less than check variety；Breeding time is almost the same or small with check variety
In check variety；Disease resistance and check variety it is almost the same or be better than check variety.
In addition, leaf, leaf color, flowering habit, kernel seed coat colour allows inconsistent with check variety.Above-described embodiment plantation,
Harvest, the process of seed selection are 4 years, if being not enough to pick out the stable single plant of character in the fine individual plant of acquisition in the 4th year or strain
Or strain, selection, sowing and harvest process in the 4th year 1 year can be carried out again in the 5th year.
The new varieties that above-described embodiment obtains are named as improvement Henan and spend 15, spends 15 to carry out plantation comparison with original kind Henan and sees
Following contrast table：
15 are spent to spend 15 contrast tables 1 with Henan in improvement Henan
15 are spent to spend 15 contrast tables 2 with Henan in improvement Henan
15 are spent to spend 15 contrast tables 3 with Henan in improvement Henan
15 are spent to spend 15 contrast tables 4 with Henan in improvement Henan
By that can obtain following result than table to each above：The former germination percentage is 2%, and the germination percentage of the latter is 15%；The former nothing
Imitating branch amount reduces；The plant height, all kinds of fruits weight, hundred benevolence of the two are distinguished less again.In addition, new varieties remain improvement after obtaining improvement
The advantage that preceding variety yield is high, plant type is compact, resistance is strong, seed is big, peanut rice milling yield is high.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of breeding method for improveing weak dormant trait peanut varieties, it is characterised in that have follow steps：
1）, the weak dormant trait peanut varieties of selection carry out field planting, compact, number of results of in field picking out several plant types when harvest
More, plant height is almost the same, the healthy and strong peanut plant of no disease pest harm, dries and does under natural conditions, chooses seeds as second year with flower
It is raw；
2）, before second year sowing, selected from the peanut plant obtained in step 1 good-looking double grains type pod, color, disease-free pityriasis simplex,
The peanut of full seed, carry out manually dial shell, reject germinateed, have disease pest endanger and the lesser shelled peanut of grain seed, obtain
Obtain the seed of primary election；
3）, seed that step 2 obtains is impregnated 3 hours with cold water after pull out, then with clean wet gauze
Moisturizing is wrapped up, is placed 24 hours under room temperature, then will wherein have been germinateed or flower just germinate and kernel seed coat colour piebald
Raw rice is rejected, and after drying under remaining seed placement sunlight, obtains the seed for being used for mutagenesis；
4）, to step 3 obtain the seed auspicious unit of 300 lattice Co60Radiation exposure 2 hours, obtain the kind for plantation
Son；
5）, the seed that obtains step 4 process being planted, harvested, chosen seeds harvests by the requirement that peanut is chosen seeds from last year
Peanut in preferably go out the good seed as current year of overall target, at least continuous seed selection in 4 years of process finally obtains dormant trait
Moderate new peanut variety.
2. the breeding method of the weak dormant trait peanut varieties of improvement according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 5）Kind
Plant, harvest, seed selection process are as follows：
Step 4 is obtained seed in the way of simple grain program request in field planting, harvest by First Year, all mixed after rejecting diseased plant
Close harvest；
Second year selects Ecological Property of Peanut Seeds that is full, not germinateing, endanger without disease pest as the from the peanut of First Year mixing harvest
For generation seed material in field simple grain program request, the proximity same period that peanut ridge is formed after first generation seed program request presses monoseeding
Mode sow original kind, as check variety, when harvest, according to Comprehensive Traits index, harvested from first generation seed material
The fine individual plant that conspicuousness is better than check variety is picked out in plant, and is numbered respectively, and single list of receiving stores up, rear remaining for selecting
Single plant is all eliminated；
Third year, fine individual plant or strain to second year harvest harvest inspection target according to maturation, and superseded conspicuousness is inferior to pair
According to the single plant or strain of kind, second generation seed material is selected from the remaining single plant better than check variety or strain, in field
Monoseeding, and the same period sows original kind in the proximity of its peanut ridge, when harvest, according to Comprehensive Traits index, from the second generation
Single plant or strain that performance conspicuousness is inferior to check variety are eliminated in the plant of seed material harvest, are retained and are showed excellent single plant
Or strain；
4th year, fine individual plant or strain to third year harvest repeated the selection in third year, sowing and harvest process, finally from
The moderate new peanut variety of dormant trait is picked out in the fine individual plant of acquisition or strain.
3. the breeding method of the weak dormant trait peanut varieties of improvement according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute in step 1
The peanut varieties of choosing are that Henan spends 15.
4. the breeding method of the weak dormant trait peanut varieties of improvement according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 1, institute
The peanut of plantation is postponed 5-7 days and being harvested when reaching harvest time.
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| CN201810773248.XA CN108887177A (en) | 2018-07-14 | 2018-07-14 | A kind of breeding method improveing weak dormant trait peanut varieties |
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| CN201810773248.XA CN108887177A (en) | 2018-07-14 | 2018-07-14 | A kind of breeding method improveing weak dormant trait peanut varieties |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111066650A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-28 | 山东省花生研究所 | Method for screening low-temperature-resistant peanut varieties in northeast China |
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| CN104542264A (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2015-04-29 | 山东省花生研究所 | Breeding method of high-oleic-acid dormancy peanut variety |
| CN105359965A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-03-02 | 河南农业大学 | Method for acquiring peanut mutant by ion beam mutagenesis |
| CN107980619A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-05-04 | 山东省花生研究所 | A kind of method for creating peanut seed difference hibernation feature new germ plasm |
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2018
- 2018-07-14 CN CN201810773248.XA patent/CN108887177A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104542264A (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2015-04-29 | 山东省花生研究所 | Breeding method of high-oleic-acid dormancy peanut variety |
| CN105359965A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-03-02 | 河南农业大学 | Method for acquiring peanut mutant by ion beam mutagenesis |
| CN107980619A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-05-04 | 山东省花生研究所 | A kind of method for creating peanut seed difference hibernation feature new germ plasm |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111066650A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-28 | 山东省花生研究所 | Method for screening low-temperature-resistant peanut varieties in northeast China |
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Application publication date: 20181127 |