CN114304155A - Method for preventing and controlling sweet potato underground pests based on plant extracts - Google Patents
Method for preventing and controlling sweet potato underground pests based on plant extracts Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and controlling sweet potato underground pests based on plant extracts. According to the method for preventing and controlling the sweet potato underground pests based on the plant extract, the hypericum perforatum extract is applied to the planting soil before the sweet potatoes are planted, the coordination effect of the hyperoside and the hypericin contained in the hypericum perforatum extract is utilized, the method has a good inhibiting effect on the grubs which are underground pests in the sweet potato planting soil, can effectively prevent and control the underground pests in the sweet potato planting, and effectively ensures the yield and the quality of the sweet potatoes. The preparation capable of effectively preventing and controlling the sweet potato underground pests, disclosed by the invention, is used for preventing and controlling the grub pests for the first time by using the hypericum perforatum extract or the mixture of the hyperin and the hypericin, so that the safe and efficient planting of the sweet potatoes can be effectively ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and controlling sweet potato underground pests based on plant extracts.
Background
The sweet potato is an important crop product in China, has the advantages of ultra-high yield and wide adaptability, and is widely regarded as bottom line crop for national grain safety and energy crop with the largest potential. China is the biggest sweet potato producing country in the world, the sweet potato industry developed moderately conforms to the major administrative policy of central grain storage in the ground, grain storage in the technology and agricultural transformation and upgrading, and the national grain safety is guaranteed. As pioneer crops of health-care food, sweet potatoes are the best food recommended by the world health organization, and fresh sweet potatoes are more and more favored by people.
The grub is a general name of underground insects in the family of the tortoiseshes, is also the most main insect in a sweet potato planting system, and has the characteristics of large quantity and great harmfulness. The grubs can cause the holes of the sweet potatoes after injuring the sweet potatoes, which not only affects the yield of the sweet potatoes, but also easily causes the invasion of germs, aggravates the diseases in the field and in the storage period, seriously affects the quality and commodity rate of the fresh sweet potatoes and causes great loss to the income of farmers.
At present, high-toxicity and high-residue medicaments such as Shennongdan, carbofuran and the like are mostly used for preventing and treating sweet potato underground pests in production, but great damage is caused to food safety and ecological environment. Some scholars screen the control agents of the sweet potato underground pests, but most pesticides still have the problems of short duration, unstable control effect and the like. Therefore, the development of a method for preventing and controlling the sweet potato soil insects based on the plant extract has positive significance for the planting of sweet potato crops.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for preventing and controlling underground pests of sweet potatoes based on plant extracts, so as to solve the problem of grub insect pests in sweet potato planting.
In order to solve the technical problems, the method for preventing and controlling underground pests of the sweet potatoes based on the plant extract comprises the step of applying the hypericum perforatum extract to planting soil before the sweet potatoes are planted.
Specifically, the hypericum perforatum extract is an ethanol extract of hypericum perforatum.
Specifically, the hypericum perforatum extract comprises hyperin and hypericin.
Specifically, the hypericum perforatum extract is prepared according to the following steps: pulverizing Hypericum perforatum fruit, adding 85-95 v/v% ethanol solution, reflux extracting, collecting filtrate, and concentrating to obtain extract.
Specifically, the method for controlling sweet potato soil insects based on the plant extract further comprises the step of adsorbing the hypericum perforatum extract in a porous carrier for loading.
Specifically, the porous support includes fluorite.
Specifically, the loading step specifically includes: dissolving the hypericum perforatum extract in an ethanol solution, completely soaking the fluorite in the ethanol solution of the hypericum perforatum, fully soaking until the ethanol is completely volatilized, drying at low temperature, and crushing to obtain the hypericum perforatum extract.
The invention also discloses application of the hypericum perforatum extract in preparing a preparation for preventing and controlling sweet potato underground pests.
The invention also discloses application of hyperin and hypericin in preparing a preparation for preventing and controlling sweet potato underground pests.
Specifically, the mass ratio of the hyperin to the hypericin is 1-3: 1.
according to the method for preventing and controlling the sweet potato underground pests based on the plant extract, the hypericum perforatum extract is applied to the planting soil before the sweet potatoes are planted, the coordination effect of the hyperoside and the hypericin contained in the hypericum perforatum extract is utilized, the method has a good inhibiting effect on the grubs which are underground pests in the sweet potato planting soil, can effectively prevent and control the underground pests in the sweet potato planting, and effectively ensures the yield and the quality of the sweet potatoes. The preparation capable of effectively preventing and controlling the sweet potato underground pests, disclosed by the invention, is used for preventing and controlling the grub pests for the first time by using the hypericum perforatum extract or the mixture of the hyperin and the hypericin, so that the safe and efficient planting of the sweet potatoes can be effectively ensured.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The hypericum perforatum extract is obtained according to the method disclosed in Chinese patent CN100402543A, and specifically comprises the following steps: crushing Hypericum perforatum fruits into weeping forsythia powder, wherein the weight ratio of the weeping forsythia powder to 90 v/v% ethanol volume is 1: 10, adding 90 v/v% ethanol solution into forsythia suspense powder, carrying out reflux extraction for 6 hours at the temperature of 70 ℃, filtering, and collecting filtrate and filter residue. And (3) carrying out reflux extraction on the filter residue again according to the same manner, filtering, collecting filtrate, removing the filter residue, combining the two collected filtrates, and carrying out vacuum concentration to 1/10 of the volume of the original filtrate to obtain the hypericum perforatum extract.
Example 2
According to the following steps of 1: 1, mixing hyperoside and hypericin, and dissolving 12g of the mixture in 60% ethanol solution to obtain 30 wt% solution. And taking 100g of fluorite crushed to micron level, completely soaking in the solution, fully mixing and soaking until the ethanol is completely volatilized. Drying the fluorite subjected to the dipping treatment at a low temperature of 30-40 ℃, and grinding the fluorite until the particle size is less than 1mm to obtain the fluorite.
Example 3
According to the following steps: 1, mixing hyperoside and hypericin, and dissolving 12g of the mixture in 60% ethanol solution to obtain 30 wt% solution. And taking 100g of fluorite crushed to micron level, completely soaking in the solution, fully mixing and soaking until the ethanol is completely volatilized. Drying the fluorite subjected to the dipping treatment at a low temperature of 30-40 ℃, and grinding the fluorite until the particle size is less than 1mm to obtain the fluorite.
Example 4
According to the following steps of 3: 1, mixing hyperoside and hypericin, and dissolving 12g of the mixture in 60% ethanol solution to obtain 30 wt% solution. And taking 100g of fluorite crushed to micron level, completely soaking in the solution, fully mixing and soaking until the ethanol is completely volatilized. Drying the fluorite subjected to the dipping treatment at a low temperature of 30-40 ℃, and grinding the fluorite until the particle size is less than 1mm to obtain the fluorite.
Examples of the experiments
In the following experimental examples, Shandong near-Yiyi plantation was selected as the experimental variety of Lushu potato No. 7, and planted in late 5 Yue. The sweet potato planting process can be realized by referring to conventional planting means.
Seed selection: the variety of Lushu No. 7 with high quality in seed state is selected.
And (3) re-applying base fertilizer: in the fields with light soil or sandy soil, main ditches, surrounding ditches and furrows are opened, so that the ditches are smooth, the bottom of the ditches is straight, and the rain stopping ditches are dry. Uniformly spreading 25-30 kg of high-efficiency compound fertilizer with the N-P-K of 16-8-16 per mu, leveling and ridging.
High ridge close planting: the width of the bottom of each ridge is 1.2m, the height of each ridge is 40cm, the width of the surface of each ridge is 70cm, 3 rows of staggered pits (horse-walking cultivation) are planted on each ridge, the pit distance is 33cm, 5000 plants are planted per mu, and the density is kept to be corresponding to the growth habit of the species.
The acupoint application medicament: separately, 3 plots of substantially uniform soil conditions were selected, one plot (experimental group) being subjected to hole application with the formulation described in example 3, at 15kg/hm, before sowing2The application amount of (3) is that after water is added to form a homogeneous suspension, the holes are irrigated; alternatively, a plot (control) was prepared with 30% phoximMicrocapsule in a dose of 15kg/hm2Diluting the medicament and filling the medicament into the acupoint; the remaining plot was used as a blank set without any treatment with chemicals.
Planting long vines in a disc: in the afternoon or cloudy day of fine day, selecting strong seedlings with tips which are not subjected to drought and aging, wherein the seedlings are 30-40 cm long, 8-10 pieces of opened green leaves, and preferably, the seedling base is provided with 2-3 buds with the length of 5-10 cm. When planting, firstly, opening the pit with a small 'lime cutter' or 'lime sipping', then making the sweet potato seedling disc into a circular ring shape, burying 10-13 cm deep and 6-7 nodes, burying the soil part to be flat, covering the soil, loosening the seedling, exposing a great number of leaves and seedling tips, and completely fertilizing human and animal dung to stabilize the seedlings. If the soil is dry, the pond can be opened firstly for watering, and the plants can be planted after harvesting; when high temperature and strong light are encountered, rice straw can be used for uncovering for 2-3 days in daytime or only three leaves at the tip of the seedling are uncovered during planting, and other leaves are buried in the soil to facilitate the survival of the whole seedling.
Topdressing and seedling raising: cultivating for 7-10 days after planting, irrigating 7-10 kg of 40% high-efficiency compound fertilizer into each mu of land, lifting seedlings by using human and animal manure water, and spraying 0.5 kg of 21.8% zinc sulfate or 0.8 kg of compound zinc fertilizer mixed with 50 kg of water to each mu of leaf surfaces when closing ridges on the vine leaves; then, according to the growth condition, 100g of monopotassium phosphate and 150 g of urea are added into 50 kg of water for foliage spraying for 2-3 times per mu.
Pruning the tip to reproduce branches: when the sweet potato seedlings survive, the tips of the seedlings are removed, vines can be shortened, branches are increased, green leaves are increased, and plant types are improved, so that more sweet potatoes can be produced; it should be noted that, the vine is not turned over, and the twigs are not cut, the long vines can be straightened and lifted, the fibrous roots are blocked, and the long vines are controlled.
Drainage and prevention of waterlogging: the ditch is cleared and the silt is drained at any time, the ridge surface is corrected, and the condition that no accumulated water exists in the ditch is ensured.
Harvesting at proper time: and harvesting timely after the seeds grow to be mature.
When sweet potatoes are planted and harvested, sweet potatoes in the middle position are selected for each plot to conduct block-by-block investigation, the number of each level of sweet potato blocks is recorded according to a grading standard, and accordingly data such as insect bite rate, insect bite index, commodity rate and the like are calculated, and the control effect of the pesticide on sweet potato underground pests is comprehensively evaluated.
The insect bite level of the potato blocks is graded according to the following standard:
level 0: no insect bite exists, and the surfaces of the potato blocks are smooth;
level 1: 1-2 insect-biting holes are formed, the insect-biting depth is shallow, the surfaces of the potato pieces are smooth, and the commodity rate of the potato pieces is not influenced;
and 2, stage: 3-4 insect-biting holes are formed, the insect-biting depth is medium, obvious insect-biting traces can be seen on the surfaces of the potato blocks, and the commodity rate of the potato blocks is influenced;
and 3, level: the number of insect biting holes is more than 5, the insect biting depth is deep, and the commodity rate of the potato blocks is seriously influenced.
And (4) carrying out difference significance analysis on the test data by adopting a DPS data processing system. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the insect bite rate is [ (number of potato blocks at level 1 + number of potato blocks at level 2 + number of potato blocks at level 3)/total number of potato blocks investigated ] × 100%;
the commodity rate is [ (0-grade potato block number + 1-grade potato block number)/total investigated potato block number ] × 100%;
the control effect is [ (blank area insect bite rate-treatment area insect bite rate)/blank area insect bite rate ] × 100%.
The sweet potato conditions of the experimental plot, the control plot and the blank plot were counted, and the results are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 statistical results of sweet potatoes in each plot
Therefore, the method for preventing and controlling the sweet potato underground pests based on the plant extract utilizes the coordination effect of the hyperin and the hypericin as the effective components, has better inhibiting effect on the underground pests such as grubs and the like in sweet potato planting, has similar preventing and controlling effect with 30% phoxim microcapsule accepted in the field, and can effectively ensure the safe and efficient planting of the sweet potatoes.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for controlling soil insects of sweet potatoes based on plant extracts is characterized by comprising the step of applying Hypericum perforatum extract to planting soil before planting the sweet potatoes.
2. The method for controlling soil insects of sweetpotato based on plant extracts according to claim 1, wherein said Hypericum perforatum extract is an ethanol extract of Hypericum perforatum.
3. The method for controlling sweet potato soil insects based on plant extract according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the Hypericum perforatum extract comprises hyperin and hypericin.
4. The method for controlling sweet potato soil insects based on plant extracts according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the Hypericum perforatum extract is prepared by the following steps: pulverizing Hypericum perforatum fruit, adding 85-95 v/v% ethanol solution, reflux extracting, collecting filtrate, and concentrating to obtain extract.
5. The method for controlling soil insects of sweetpotato based on plant extract according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising the step of loading the Hypericum perforatum extract adsorbed in a porous carrier.
6. The method for controlling soil insects of sweetpotato based on plant extracts according to claim 5, wherein said porous carrier comprises fluorite.
7. The method for controlling sweet potato soil insects based on plant extracts according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the loading step specifically comprises: dissolving the hypericum perforatum extract in an ethanol solution, completely soaking the fluorite in the ethanol solution of the hypericum perforatum, fully soaking until the ethanol is completely volatilized, drying at low temperature, and crushing to obtain the hypericum perforatum extract.
8. Application of herba Hyperici perforati extract in preparing preparation for preventing and controlling soil insects of sweet potato is provided.
9. Application of hyperin and hypericin in preparing preparation for preventing and controlling sweet potato soil insects is provided.
10. The use as claimed in claim 9, wherein the mass ratio of hyperin to hypericin is 1-3: 1.
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| CN115720910A (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-03-03 | 健年季生物科技(浙江)有限公司 | Plant extract pesticide and preparation method thereof |
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| CN108294057A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-07-20 | 合肥华盖生物科技有限公司 | A kind of general insecticide of plant source fruits and vegetables and its application method |
| CN110028363A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-07-19 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of prevention and treatment jujube tree insect pest green manure and preparation method thereof |
| CN115720910A (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-03-03 | 健年季生物科技(浙江)有限公司 | Plant extract pesticide and preparation method thereof |
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