CN114304016A - Freshwater crayfish breeding method - Google Patents
Freshwater crayfish breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114304016A CN114304016A CN202111446265.0A CN202111446265A CN114304016A CN 114304016 A CN114304016 A CN 114304016A CN 202111446265 A CN202111446265 A CN 202111446265A CN 114304016 A CN114304016 A CN 114304016A
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- crayfish
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title abstract description 14
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims description 53
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 206010039491 Sarcoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000040710 Chela Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 claims 6
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for culturing freshwater crayfish, which is characterized in that in the culturing process, after the male sex characteristics of the crayfish more than 2/3 appear, the male juvenile crayfish is identified from a pond and is captured and picked out for separate culture. By adopting the breeding mode, the breeding yield is greatly improved, and the economic benefit is obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for culturing freshwater crayfish.
Background
The red swamp crayfish (Cherax quadririanatus) is native to Australia, and the mature red swamp crayfish has a membrane fresh red zone on the top of its male crayfish, so it is called red swamp crayfish. It has a series of advantages of large individual, high meat yield, delicious taste and the like. Because the egg amount of the red swamp crayfish is less compared with other crayfish, the temperature requirement for cultivation is higher, the cultivation period of the red swamp crayfish is longer, 20 times of shelling is needed in the whole process from the growth of the young crayfish to the grown crayfish, the shelled soft-shelled crayfish is easy to attack by the hard-shelled crayfish to die, and the artificial cultivation cost of the red swamp crayfish is high, the survival rate is low, and the industrialization degree is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a standardized parthenocarpic (all-male) culture technology for freshwater crayfish. The unisexual breeding technology for the red swamp crayfish comprises the steps of determining the appearance time of male sex marks, selecting and feeding all-male young crayfish in different ponds, developing special compound feed for different growth stages, feeding, managing and preventing diseases, a set of feasible and feasible full-male breeding technology for the fresh water red swamp crayfish is researched, a healthy breeding mode and theoretical support are provided for a high-quality and high-yield breeding target of the red swamp crayfish, and the blank at home and abroad is filled.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the following technical means are specifically adopted:
a method for culturing the freshwater crayfish features that after the sex characteristics of the crayfish (2/3) are greater than that of the crayfish, the male crayfish is identified and caught in pool and cultured individually.
Preferably, the method for determining the male characteristics of the red swamp crayfish comprises the following steps: the top of the outside of the large chela claw appears short-strip yellowish sarcoma with a length of about 0.5-1 cm.
Preferably, the male sex characteristic identification time of the red crayfish is 13-17 times of shelling of the red crayfish.
Preferably, the breeding method comprises the following steps:
(1) placing a shielding object in the pond before the shrimp larvae are put into the pond, and sterilizing;
(2) putting the shrimp seeds into a pond, wherein the stocking density is 5500-6500 tails/mu, and the average body length of the shrimp seeds is about 0.7-1 cm;
(3) after the crayfish feet are observed and the male sex characteristics of the crayfish are more than 2/3, the male juvenile crayfish is identified from the pond and is caught and picked out for independent cultivation.
Preferably, the content of crude protein in the feed in the initial feeding stage of the offspring seed in the step (1) is 34%, and as the shrimp offspring seed grows, the feed is gradually changed into the feed with the content of crude protein of 32%, so that the young shrimp grows.
Preferably, the daily feeding amount of the feed from the shrimp larvae to the growth period of the young shrimps is 6-8% of the weight of the shrimp larvae.
Preferably, the density of the single breeding of the male juvenile shrimps in the step (3) is 3500-4500 tails/mu.
Preferably, the crude protein content of the feed in the early stage of the separate culture of the male juvenile shrimps is 32%, and the feed is gradually changed into the feed with the crude protein content of 28% along with the growth of the juvenile shrimps until the juvenile shrimps are discharged from the pond.
Preferably, the daily feeding amount of the feed from the young shrimps to the adult shrimps in the growth period is 4-5% of the weight of the shrimp larvae.
Advantageous effects
The artificial breeding cost of the red swamp crayfish is low, the survival rate is high, and the industrialization degree is high.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
(1) Selecting and breeding seeds: the fry is from the same fry in the nursery with perfect facilities and high credit, the shrimp fries are guaranteed to be uniform in size, strong and active, and no obvious difference exists. The method is characterized in that the method adopts a strip type plastic film steel pipe structure for greenhouse cultivation, the ground is paved into floor tiles, air pipes, water inlet pipes, water outlet pipes and the like are arranged in the floor tiles, and a sunshade net is additionally arranged on the roof of the greenhouse. Building a plurality of water pools in the greenhouse, placing shelters for breeding shrimp nests, water hyacinth and the like in the pools before shrimp seeds are placed in the pools, and taking disinfection measures by using quick lime 10 days or half a month before the shrimp seeds are placed in the pools. And 3, 15 days in 2021, putting the shrimp seedlings into a pond, wherein the stocking density is 6000 tails/mu, and the average body length is about 0.7-1 cm. And (5) performing works such as bait casting and daily management.
(2) Identifying male marker characteristics of the red crayfish and determining the appearance time: the crayfish is observed with naked eyes every day, the crayfish is 7 months and 22 days in 2021 year, when the crayfish is exuviated for about 15 times, the characteristic morphology of the male sex marker of the large batch of the crayfish appears, and the specific characteristic is that the short-strip-shaped light yellow sarcoma appears at the top end of the outer side of the crayfish, the length is about 0.5-1cm, at the moment, the length of the body of the crayfish is (8.99+0.83) cm, the body width is (1.68+0.16) cm, and the body weight is (17.59+4.10) g.
(3) Selecting and feeding all-male juvenile shrimps in different ponds: after the male sex characteristics of the red crayfish appear in a large batch, namely the red crayfish is molted for 15 times, and the top end of the outer side of the large crayfish claw appears with a yellowish sarcoma (0.5-1cm), the male juvenile crayfish is identified and fished out from the pond for being fed by a pond (female and male are mixed to be used as two groups of control groups).
(4) The cultivation technology of the full-male adult red swamp crayfish comprises the following steps: the stocking density is 4000 per mu. The inner wall sets up around the pond and prevents escaping the net to set up four table of eating all around, make things convenient for the shrimp to ingest and inspect the shrimp growth condition. In addition, 1m2The 10-mesh nylon net sheets are folded into four stacks, loose knots are bound every 20cm, the length of each nylon net sheet is 5m, a plurality of rows of nylon net sheets are transversely placed at the bottom of the periphery of the pond for hiding shrimps, mutual fighting is reduced, and the survival rate is improved. Meanwhile, the bait casting, daily management and other works are well done.
(5) The preparation and the staged feeding of the special compound feed for the red swamp crayfish in different growth stages: according to the nutritional ingredients and nutritional requirements of the muscle of the red swamp crayfish in different growth stages, special compound feed (table 1) with different crude protein contents (34%, 32% and 28%) of the red swamp crayfish in different growth stages is specially developed, and mineral salt (main calcium) and trace elements are added into the feed, so that the immunity of the crayfish is improved, and the occurrence of diseases is prevented.
And (3) from the young shrimp stage to the young shrimp stage: in 2021, 3 and 15 days, the lowest water temperature in a water pool reaches more than 18 ℃, shrimp fries are placed after the water temperature is balanced, the shrimp fries are fed for 2 times every day, 8 points (30 percent of the total feeding amount in one day) in the morning and 5 points (70 percent of the total feeding amount in one day) in the evening are respectively fed with micro-crushed high-protein complete formula feed (34 percent of crude protein content) of the fries, protein formula feed (32 percent of crude protein content) in micro-particles is fed in the later period, the ingestion and the rest condition of the shrimps are observed after the shrimp is fed every day, if the rest material exists, lost water is timely discharged and supplemented, and the feeding amount is timely adjusted according to the condition.
In the stage from young shrimp to adult shrimp: after the male shrimps are fed in separate seedlings, the male shrimps are fed in the morning and at night (20% of the total feeding amount in the morning and 80% of the total feeding amount in the evening), and the protein compound feed in the micro-granules is gradually changed into the granular low-protein compound feed (with the crude protein content of 28%) after 7 months and 30 days along with the growth of the shrimps until the male shrimps are discharged from a pond and come into the market.
TABLE 1 composition and protein level of a special compound feed for red swamp crayfish
And (3) detecting the fishing, marketing and all-male culture yield and economic benefit of the red crayfish:
the female and male shrimp fries are polycultured in the early stage, and the survival rate of the shrimp fries is over 60 percent;
and (3) performing parthenocarpy culture on later-stage males, namely fishing the male chelicera crayfish by using a ground cage from 9 months, catching the male chelicera crayfish into a large pond and a small pond until the male chelicella crayfish is dried, wherein the survival rate is 85 percent, the specification is about 100g on average, and the net profit of the culture cost is removed by 28700 yuan/mu.
TABLE 2 comparison table of the breeding efficiency of the red crayfish
From the above table, it can be seen that the all-male cultivation yield and economic benefit are significant compared with the all-female and the all-male mixed cultivation.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A method for culturing the freshwater crayfish features that after the sex characteristics of the crayfish (2/3) are found, the young crayfish is identified and caught for individual culture.
2. The culture method according to claim 1, wherein the method for determining the male characteristics of the red crayfish comprises: the top of the outside of the large chela claw appears short-strip yellowish sarcoma with a length of about 0.5-1 cm.
3. The culture method according to claim 1, wherein the male sex characteristics of the red crayfish are identified when the red crayfish molts 13 to 17 times.
4. The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cultivation method comprises:
(1) placing a shielding object in the pond before the shrimp larvae are put into the pond, and sterilizing;
(2) putting the shrimp seeds into a pond, wherein the stocking density is 5500-6500 tails/mu, and the average body length of the shrimp seeds is about 0.7-1 cm;
(3) after the crayfish feet are observed and the male sex characteristics of the crayfish are more than 2/3, the male juvenile crayfish is identified from the pond and is caught and picked out for independent cultivation.
5. The culture method according to any one of claim 4, wherein the feed at the initial stage of the fry rearing in the step (1) has a crude protein content of 34%, and the feed is gradually changed to a feed having a crude protein content of 32% as the young shrimps grow, so that young shrimps grow.
6. The culture method of any one of claim 4, wherein the daily feed amount of the young shrimp to the young shrimp during the growth period is 6-8% of the weight of the young shrimp.
7. The cultivation method according to any one of the claim 4, wherein the density of the single cultivation of the male juvenile shrimps in the step (3) is 3500-4500 tails/acre.
8. The culture method of any one of claim 5, wherein the feed for the young male shrimps in the initial stage of the individual culture has a crude protein content of 32%, and the feed is gradually changed to a feed having a crude protein content of 28% as the shrimps grow, until the shrimps are discharged from the pond.
9. The culture method of any one of claim 4, wherein the daily feed amount of the young shrimps to the adult shrimps in the growth period is 4-5% of the weight of the shrimp larvae.
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| CN202111446265.0A CN114304016A (en) | 2021-11-30 | 2021-11-30 | Freshwater crayfish breeding method |
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| CN202111446265.0A CN114304016A (en) | 2021-11-30 | 2021-11-30 | Freshwater crayfish breeding method |
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| CN202111446265.0A Pending CN114304016A (en) | 2021-11-30 | 2021-11-30 | Freshwater crayfish breeding method |
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107751067A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-03-06 | 华南师范大学 | A kind of mating system of all-male Macrobrachium rosenbergii |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107751067A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-03-06 | 华南师范大学 | A kind of mating system of all-male Macrobrachium rosenbergii |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 吴祖学等: "澳洲淡水龙虾池塘标准化养殖技术", 《热带农业工程》 * |
| 陈友明等: "红螯螯虾池塘养殖技术初探", 《水产养殖》 * |
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Application publication date: 20220412 |