CN114271295A - Microbial pesticide for killing insects and bacteria and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Microbial pesticide for killing insects and bacteria and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of pesticides, and provides a microbial pesticide for killing insects and bacteria, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: the organic nitrogen source comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of oat bran, 20-25 parts of wort, 15-20 parts of wheat germ powder and 15-20 parts of corn steep liquor; the complex flora comprises the following components: 3-8 parts of saccharopolyspora spinosa, 3-8 parts of actinomycetes, 3-8 parts of lichenin and 3-8 parts of abamectin; the synergist comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4-6 parts of allicin and 10-15 parts of flaccid knotweed herb. The saccharopolyspora spinosa has an insecticidal effect, and the lichenicin can adjust dysbacteriosis to achieve the treatment purpose, promote organisms to generate antibacterial active substances, kill pathogenic bacteria, inhibit the growth and the propagation of the pathogenic bacteria, and further have a bactericidal effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pesticides, and particularly relates to a microbial pesticide for killing insects and bacteria and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The biological pesticide refers to a pesticide which directly utilizes biologically produced bioactive substances or biological living bodies, and a pesticide which is artificially synthesized and has the same structure as a natural compound. The biological pesticide includes microbial pesticide, plant source pesticide, biochemical pesticide and other biological pesticide.
The microbial pesticide has the function of controlling pests, and mainly utilizes the functions of killing pests, preventing diseases and promoting growth of some special microorganisms or metabolites of the microorganisms. The active ingredients of the composition completely exist and come from a natural ecosystem, can be naturally metabolized in the environment, and participate in energy and substance circulation.
The traditional microbial pesticide only plays a role in killing insects or bacteria, so that a plurality of microbial pesticides are required to be jointly used for killing insects and bacteria of plants, and the use process is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide an insecticidal and bactericidal microbial pesticide and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problem that the traditional microbial pesticide only has an insecticidal or bactericidal effect, so that multiple microbial pesticides are required to be jointly used for killing insects and bacteria of plants, and the use process is limited.
The embodiment of the invention is realized in such a way that the microbial pesticide for killing insects and bacteria comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: the organic nitrogen source comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of oat bran, 20-25 parts of wort, 15-20 parts of wheat germ powder and 15-20 parts of corn steep liquor; the complex flora comprises the following components: 3-8 parts of saccharopolyspora spinosa, 3-8 parts of actinomycetes, 3-8 parts of lichenin and 3-8 parts of abamectin; the synergist comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4-6 parts of allicin and 10-15 parts of flaccid knotweed herb.
Preferably, the organic nitrogen source also comprises 15-20 parts of peanut cake powder, 15-20 parts of soybean cake powder and 10-15 parts of yeast powder.
Preferably, the synergist also comprises 10-15 parts of borax and 10-15 parts of chinaberry seeds.
Preferably, the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of oat bran, 20-25 parts of wort, 15-20 parts of wheat germ powder, 15-20 parts of corn steep liquor, 15-20 parts of peanut cake powder, 15-20 parts of soybean cake powder, 10-15 parts of yeast powder, 3-8 parts of saccharopolyspora spinosa, 3-8 parts of actinomycetes, 3-8 parts of lichenin, 3-8 parts of abamectin, 4-6 parts of allicin, 10-15 parts of polygonum hydropiper, 10-15 parts of borax and 10-15 parts of chinaberry seeds.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the microbial pesticide for killing insects and bacteria, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: pulverizing oat bran, and fermenting in a fermentation tank with water;
step two: supplementing the wort, the wheat germ powder and the corn steep liquor into a fermentation tank for continuous fermentation; taking supernatant liquor after fermentation as fermentation liquor for later use;
step three: uniformly mixing saccharopolyspora spinosa, actinomycetes, bacillus licheniformis and abamectin with fermentation liquor, and maintaining weak light irradiation for 3-4 days to obtain a fermentation mixture;
step four: mixing Polygonum flaccidum and allicin, adding into the fermented mixture, heating, and maintaining in a sealed environment with natural light for 1-2 days to obtain the microbial pesticide.
Preferably, the fermentation temperature in the second step is 20-30 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature in step three is 30 ℃ to 35 ℃.
Preferably, the method of the fourth step is a method for mixing polygonum flaccidum and allicin, which comprises the following steps: mashing herba Polygoni Hydropiperis, mixing herba Polygoni Hydropiperis juice with allicin.
1. The saccharopolyspora spinosa provided by the invention can cause excitation of an insect nervous system; the bacillus licheniformis is a positive thermophilic bacterium, can adjust dysbacteriosis to achieve the treatment purpose, can promote organisms to generate antibacterial active substances and kill germs, can generate the antibacterial active substances, has a unique biological oxygen-deprivation action mechanism, and can inhibit the growth and the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria, thereby playing the role of sterilization; the problem that the traditional microbial pesticide only plays a role in killing insects or bacteria is solved, so that a plurality of microbial pesticides are required to be jointly used for killing insects and bacteria of plants, and the limitation is caused in the using process.
2. The live bacteria of the actinomycetes or the life activities thereof provided by the embodiment of the invention promote crops to obtain a biological product with a specific fertilizer effect, in addition, the actinomycetes and the saccharopolyspora spinosa are mixed and fermented to generate spinetoram, the outstanding expression of the spinetoram on fruit trees can be used for controlling important pests on high-value fruits, vegetables, nuts and grapes, and is particularly effective for controlling pests which are difficult to control such as codling moths and the like, and the spinetoram has no influence on most of main beneficial pests of target crops.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a microbial pesticide for killing insects and bacteria, which comprises the following steps: crushing 20 parts of oat bran, putting the crushed oat bran into a fermentation tank, and adding water for fermentation; continuously adding 20 parts of wort, 15 parts of wheat germ powder, 15 parts of corn steep liquor, 15 parts of peanut cake powder, 15 parts of soybean cake powder and 10 parts of yeast powder into a fermentation tank for continuous fermentation at the fermentation temperature of 25 ℃; taking supernatant liquor after fermentation as fermentation liquor for later use; uniformly mixing 3 parts of saccharopolyspora spinosa, 3 parts of actinomycetes, 3 parts of lichenicin and 3 parts of abamectin with fermentation liquor, and maintaining the mixture for 3 days by weak light irradiation to obtain a fermentation mixture; smashing 10 parts of polygonum flaccidum, uniformly mixing polygonum flaccidum juice with 4 parts of allicin, adding 10 parts of borax and 10 parts of chinaberry seeds to obtain a synergist, adding the synergist into a fermentation mixture, heating to 35 ℃, and maintaining in a sealed environment with natural illumination for 2 days to obtain the microbial pesticide for killing insects and bacteria.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a microbial pesticide for killing insects and bacteria, which comprises the following steps: crushing 30 parts of oat bran, putting the crushed oat bran into a fermentation tank, and adding water for fermentation; continuously adding 25 parts of wort, 20 parts of wheat germ powder, 20 parts of corn steep liquor, 20 parts of peanut cake powder, 20 parts of soybean cake powder and 15 parts of yeast powder into a fermentation tank for continuous fermentation at the fermentation temperature of 25 ℃; taking supernatant liquor after fermentation as fermentation liquor for later use; uniformly mixing 8 parts of saccharopolyspora spinosa, 8 parts of actinomycetes, 8 parts of lichenicin and 8 parts of abamectin with fermentation liquor, and maintaining the mixture for 3 days by weak light irradiation to obtain a fermentation mixture; smashing 15 parts of polygonum flaccidum, uniformly mixing polygonum flaccidum juice with 5 parts of allicin, adding 15 parts of borax and 15 parts of chinaberry seeds to obtain a synergist, adding the synergist into a fermentation mixture, heating to 35 ℃, and maintaining in a sealed environment with natural illumination for 2 days to obtain the microbial pesticide for killing insects and bacteria.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a microbial pesticide for killing insects and bacteria, which comprises the following steps: crushing 18 parts of oat bran, and putting the crushed oat bran into a fermentation tank to be fermented by adding water; continuously adding 22 parts of wort, 18 parts of wheat germ powder, 18 parts of corn steep liquor, 18 parts of peanut cake powder, 18 parts of soybean cake powder and 12 parts of yeast powder into a fermentation tank for continuous fermentation at the fermentation temperature of 25 ℃; taking supernatant liquor after fermentation as fermentation liquor for later use; uniformly mixing 5 parts of saccharopolyspora spinosa, 5 parts of actinomycetes, 5 parts of lichenicin and 5 parts of abamectin with fermentation liquor, and maintaining the mixture for 3 days by weak light irradiation to obtain a fermentation mixture; smashing 12 parts of polygonum flaccidum, uniformly mixing polygonum flaccidum juice with 6 parts of allicin, adding 12 parts of borax and 12 parts of chinaberry seeds to obtain a synergist, adding the synergist into a fermentation mixture, heating to 35 ℃, and maintaining in a sealed environment with natural illumination for 2 days to obtain the microbial pesticide for killing insects and bacteria.
Example 4
In the embodiment, in the plant pesticide application period, experiments are carried out in a spraying mode of spraying 1g/m3 once a week and every time, clear water application is used as a negative control, the same type of conventional pesticide application is used as a positive control, and the insect growth rate of the embodiment 1-3 is shown in the following table after the plant grows for three months of 3-5 months;
| example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Negative control | Positive control |
| 12 heads/m2 | 10 heads/m2 | 7 heads/m2 | 30 heads/m2 | 75 heads/m2 |
As can be seen from the data in the table, the bactericidal and insecticidal microbial pesticide provided by the invention has high insecticidal rate.
The abamectin is generated by fermenting streptomyces avermitilis in streptomyces; the compound is a sixteen-membered macrolide compound with bactericidal, insecticidal, acaricidal and nematicidal activities, can play a role in stomach toxicity and contact poisoning, and can block nerve conduction, cause paralysis and food refusal death; can be widely applied to the pest control of crops such as vegetables, fruit trees, wheat, rice, cotton, tobacco and the like.
The lichenicin is a positive thermophilic bacterium, can adjust dysbacteriosis to achieve the purpose of treatment, can promote organisms to generate antibacterial active substances and kill germs, can generate the antibacterial active substances, has a unique biological oxygen-deprivation action mechanism, and can inhibit the growth and the reproduction of the germs, thereby playing the role of sterilization.
Saccharopolyspora spinosa can cause excitation of insect nervous system; resulting in involuntary muscle contraction and trembling failure, eventually paralysis, rapid contact and feeding toxicity to insects.
The live bacteria of actinomycetes or the life activities thereof promote crops to obtain a biological product with a specific fertilizer effect, and play an important role in agriculture. In addition, actinomycetes and saccharopolyspora spinosa are mixed and fermented to generate spinetoram, the spinetoram can be used for preventing and controlling important pests on high-value fruits, vegetables, nuts and grapes due to the outstanding expression of the spinetoram on fruit trees, the spinetoram is particularly effective for preventing and controlling pests which are difficult to control such as codling moths and the like, the spinetoram has no influence on most of main beneficial pests of target crops, and the spinetoram has a lower using amount than that of pesticides used in the current market so as to play a role in preventing and controlling; and the residence time in the environment is shorter than that of currently used pesticides, so that the pesticide has excellent environmental characteristics.
Polygonum hydropiper is a growth hormone required by microorganisms, can effectively and quickly promote the growth and the reproduction of the microorganisms, and can also effectively inhibit the growth of mixed bacteria, thereby playing a role in synergism and preventing and controlling pests such as rice lice, rice skipper, yellow striped flea beetle and the like.
Allicin is an organic sulfur compound, has strong antibacterial effect, and can inhibit various gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli at low concentration, and also inhibit mold, virus, protozoa, enterobiasis, etc. Has obvious inhibiting effect on colibacillus, dysentery bacillus and pathogenic microorganism.
The oat bran has high protein content, wherein the oat protein can provide sufficient nutrition for a culture medium, and the oat bran, the wort, the wheat germ powder, the corn steep liquor, the peanut cake powder, the soybean cake powder and the yeast powder are jointly used as an organic nitrogen source to form nitrogen-derived nutrient substances in microbial cells and metabolites, so that the microbial fermentation growth is promoted.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The microbial pesticide is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: the organic nitrogen source comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of oat bran, 20-25 parts of wort, 15-20 parts of wheat germ powder and 15-20 parts of corn steep liquor; the complex flora comprises the following components: 3-8 parts of saccharopolyspora spinosa, 3-8 parts of actinomycetes, 3-8 parts of lichenin and 3-8 parts of abamectin; the synergist comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4-6 parts of allicin and 10-15 parts of flaccid knotweed herb.
2. The microbial pesticide of claim 1, wherein the organic nitrogen source further comprises 15-20 parts of peanut cake powder, 15-20 parts of soybean cake powder and 10-15 parts of yeast powder.
3. An insecticidal and fungicidal microbial pesticide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the synergist further comprises 10-15 parts of borax and 10-15 parts of chinaberry seeds.
4. The microbial pesticide for killing insects and bacteria as claimed in claim 2, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of oat bran, 20-25 parts of wort, 15-20 parts of wheat germ powder, 15-20 parts of corn steep liquor, 15-20 parts of peanut cake powder, 15-20 parts of soybean cake powder, 10-15 parts of yeast powder, 3-8 parts of saccharopolyspora spinosa, 3-8 parts of actinomycetes, 3-8 parts of lichenin, 3-8 parts of abamectin, 4-6 parts of allicin, 10-15 parts of polygonum hydropiper, 10-15 parts of borax and 10-15 parts of chinaberry seeds.
5. A process for preparing an insecticidal and fungicidal microbial pesticide as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, which comprises the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: pulverizing oat bran, and fermenting in a fermentation tank with water;
step two: supplementing the wort, the wheat germ powder and the corn steep liquor into a fermentation tank for continuous fermentation; taking supernatant liquor after fermentation as fermentation liquor for later use;
step three: uniformly mixing saccharopolyspora spinosa, actinomycetes, bacillus licheniformis and abamectin with fermentation liquor, and maintaining weak light irradiation for 3-4 days to obtain a fermentation mixture;
step four: mixing Polygonum flaccidum and allicin, adding into the fermented mixture, heating, and maintaining in a sealed environment with natural light for 1-2 days to obtain the microbial pesticide.
6. The method for preparing an insecticidal and bactericidal microbial pesticide as claimed in claim 5, wherein the fermentation temperature in the second step is 20-30 ℃.
7. The method for preparing an insecticidal and bactericidal microbial pesticide as claimed in claim 5, wherein the temperature in the third step is 30-35 ℃.
8. The method for preparing an insecticidal and bactericidal microbial pesticide as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method of the fourth step is a method for mixing polygonum hydropiper and allicin, and comprises the following steps: mashing herba Polygoni Hydropiperis, mixing herba Polygoni Hydropiperis juice with allicin.
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