CN114246116B - Method for improving emergence rate of floating seedlings - Google Patents
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- CN114246116B CN114246116B CN202111466583.3A CN202111466583A CN114246116B CN 114246116 B CN114246116 B CN 114246116B CN 202111466583 A CN202111466583 A CN 202111466583A CN 114246116 B CN114246116 B CN 114246116B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
A method for increasing the emergence rate of float seedlings includes coating seeds, sowing, heating in sun tray, insulating film, and ventilating. The method fully utilizes natural heat energy by a physical temperature increasing and preserving method, the time of the whole day of the seedling raising period within 17 days is 400-410 hours, the accumulated temperature is 690-700 ℃ at the temperature of more than or equal to 10 ℃, the natural growth and development of tobacco seeds are promoted, and tobacco seedlings are more healthy; the emergence rate of the tobacco seeds is 95.9-96.5%, seedlings are seen on days 9-10, and 51.2-73.3% of seedlings are seen on day 11, more than half of the seedlings are seen on day 11, and the seedling alignment time is 12 days.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of growth and development of tobacco seeds, in particular to a method for improving the emergence rate of floating seedlings.
Background
The tobacco seedlings cultivated by the tobacco floating seedling cultivation mode can obviously improve the quality of the tobacco seedlings, enhance stress resistance and develop root systems, effectively lighten the field diseases of tobacco leaves, eliminate premature ejaculation and increase the number of effective leaves, is beneficial to top leaf opening and obviously improves the tobacco quality; compared with the traditional seedling raising mode, the floating seedling raising mode can save the seed quantity and the seedling raising land, improve the seedling raising rate, save labor, improve the production efficiency, save the input cost and the like, and can realize the advantages of intensive seedling raising, large-scale and commercial production and the like, so that the floating seedling raising mode is widely adopted by international and domestic tobacco production and is an advanced seedling raising mode at present.
However, with popularization and application of floating seedling, some problems are gradually revealed, such as longer seedling time, 60-70 days in general, technical Specification for floating seedling (Liu Guoshun, time to east); and 70-80 days in the high-latitude and high-altitude area. As the seedling raising time is prolonged, the emergence rate and the seedling rate of tobacco are reduced, so that the current 85% seedling rate of the default floating seedling raising in the industry is qualified.
The four elements of crop seed germination must be rich in moisture, sufficient nutrients, suitable temperature and fresh oxygen. In tobacco floating seedling, only 2 elements of proper temperature and fresh air are needed. But the current temperature source of floating seedling mainly depends on sunlight, and the temperature is kept by the heat preservation function of the seedling greenhouse. However, extreme weather such as cold flow, cold tide and the like occurs in the tobacco seedling raising period, even in the early transplanting stage of a field and the early growth stage of the field, and low-temperature freeze injury is often generated. Since the radicle of a seed must have a high temperature before it breaks through the seed coat to germinate rapidly, low temperature freezing injury is the factor that has the greatest impact on seed germination. The data show that when the temperature of the water in the seedling raising pond is about 18 ℃, the tobacco seedlings grow normally, when the temperature of the water in the pond is about 13 ℃, the uniformity of the tobacco seedlings is reduced, if the temperature of the water in the pond is below 10 ℃ for a long time, the germination and the growth of seeds are seriously affected, the seeds are not germinated and even die due to the excessively low temperature, oxygen which is one of the factors of the germination and the growth of the seeds often causes the lack of oxygen due to the fact that a seedling raising manager is not dared to ventilate in order to keep the temperature in the greenhouse, the air in the seedling raising greenhouse is turbid (fishy smell), the damage to the germination and the growth of the seeds is more serious than that of the seeds at low temperature, the vitality of the seeds is generally reduced, the germination rate of the seeds is seriously affected, the emergence rate is low, and the serious person directly causes choking death (commonly called retting). Oxygen is therefore a further key factor affecting the rate of emergence of seeds.
In recent years, scientific workers in the tobacco industry have explored various benefits for improving the environmental conditions of 'low-temperature low-irradiation' in the seedling stage and improving the seedling emergence rate of tobacco: for example, "application research of flue-cured tobacco floating seedling water body warming technique" such as zhuang-sheng ning, etc. "southern agriculture" adopts air heat energy warming technique; he Gang et al, "influence of heating on tobacco seedlings in flue-cured tobacco floating seedling", uses a boiler hot water circulation mode to heat a floating seedling pool; wang Zhigang et al CN205813003U "an environment-friendly device for raising the temperature of a floating seedling pool", by means of a solar heat collector or a heater, the above measures, facilities, equipment or methods do play a positive role in promoting the growth and development of floating seedlings, but there is also a general problem that the investment cost is high (a space with a standard D-type shed of 50 meters long by 8 meters wide=400 square meters; a water bed of 50 meters wide by 1.65 meters deep by 0.12 meters=9.9 meters; and 4 water beds are close to 40 cubic meters of water, so that the investment cost can be thought for raising the temperature of such a space or water body), the safety risk is high, so how to invent a device, facility or method with low cost and no potential safety hazard to improve the emergence rate of floating seedlings of flue-cured tobacco is a problem that needs to be considered by current tobacco science and technology workers.
In addition, the prior art has the advantages that the emergence rate of tobacco is improved through seed coating, CN101584272A discloses an oxygenation type tobacco coated pelleted seed and a preparation method thereof, the oxygenation type tobacco coated pelleted seed is applied to tobacco floating seedling, the emergence rate of tobacco is improved, but the emergence time is not obviously shortened, only 0.35d is shortened, and the emergence time is long.
In summary, the prior art has the following problems:
(1) The seedling raising time is long;
(2) The emergence rate and the seedling rate of the tobacco are low;
(3) The seedling raising cost is high;
(4) The safety risk is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for improving the emergence rate of floating seedlings, which achieves the following aims:
(1) The seedling raising time is short;
(2) The emergence rate and the seedling rate of the tobacco are high;
(3) The seedling raising cost is low;
(4) The safety risk is low.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for increasing the emergence rate of float seedlings includes coating seeds, sowing, heating in sun tray, insulating film, and ventilating.
The following is a further improvement of the above technical scheme:
the seed coating comprises the use of commercially available coating seeds or the preparation of a coating agent and a coating.
The preparation coating agent comprises the following components in parts by mass: 28-32 parts of modified polyacrylic resin, 8-12 parts of ethyl citrate, 2.5-3.5 parts of gibberellin, 1.5-2.5 parts of aspartic acid, 1.8-2.2 parts of sodium alginate and 2.5-3.5 parts of borax powder;
the preparation method of the coating agent comprises the steps of grinding and mixing modified polyacrylic resin, ethyl citrate, gibberellin, aspartic acid, sodium alginate and borax powder to obtain the coating agent;
the preparation method of the modified polyacrylic resin comprises the steps of mixing and stirring vinyl trimethoxy silane and acetone for 15-25min, adding polyethylene glycol and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, stirring for 25-35min, adding nano zinc oxide and polyacrylic resin, and stirring for 50-70min at 70-80 ℃ to obtain the modified polyacrylic resin;
the mass ratio of the vinyl trimethoxy silane to the acetone to the polyethylene glycol to the dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate to the nano zinc oxide to the polyacrylic resin is 2.5-3.5:18-22:4.5-5.5:1.8-2.2:0.8-1.2:22-27.
And the coating agent, ethanol and deionized water are uniformly mixed and sprayed into the seeds for rolling coating, and the coated seeds are obtained after the coating is completed and dried, wherein the thickness of the coating film is 14-16 mu m, and the porosity is 60-70%.
The mass ratio of the coating agent to the ethanol to the water is 1.8-2.2:4.5-5.5:4.5-5.5;
the mass ratio of the coating agent to the seeds is 1:13-17.
And 1 seed is sown in each hole of the floating disc, and the sowing depth is 4-6 mm.
The temperature of the sun-drying disc is raised, the sun-drying disc is raised when the temperature of the greenhouse is raised to 24-26 ℃ in sunny morning, and the film is covered for heat preservation in rainy days;
the plastic film and white cloth of the water bed are uncovered, and the water bed is covered on the floating disc;
the plastic film is a polyethylene film with the thickness of 0.5-0.7mm;
the white cloth is polyester cloth with the thickness of 0.8-1.2mm.
The film covering and heat preservation is carried out when the temperature of the greenhouse is reduced to 24-26 ℃ in sunny afternoon;
the water bed is covered by a plastic film and white cloth.
The temperature of the greenhouse is increased to 24-26 ℃ in the morning of sunny days and is reduced to 24-26 ℃ in the afternoon of sunny days, or ventilation and air conditioning are carried out in the 12-14 time period of overcast and rainy days;
opening the ventilation opening when the temperature reaches 24-26 ℃ in the morning, controlling the highest air temperature not to exceed 27-29 ℃, and closing the ventilation opening when the temperature reaches 24-26 ℃ in the afternoon;
the rainy day is carried out when no rainwater exists;
the ventilation time is at least 0.8-1.5 hours, and the fresh air is replaced until no fishy smell exists in the greenhouse.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method fully utilizes natural heat energy by a physical temperature increasing and preserving method, the time of the whole day of the seedling raising period within 17 days is 400-410 hours, the accumulated temperature is 690-700 ℃ at the temperature of more than or equal to 10 ℃, the natural growth and development of tobacco seeds are promoted, and tobacco seedlings are more healthy;
the emergence rate of the tobacco seeds is 95.9-96.5%, seedlings are seen on days 9-10, and 51.2-73.3% of seedlings are seen on day 11, more than half of the seedlings are seen, and the seedling alignment time is 12 days;
the method is energy-saving and environment-friendly, does not need heating equipment such as a boiler, an electric heating plate, solar energy and the like, and has no potential safety hazard;
the method fully utilizes natural heat energy, and has the advantages of physical heating, energy conservation and environmental protection;
the method has strong operability, can be copied, is easy to popularize, and is suitable for tobacco floating seedling in northern or high-altitude areas.
Detailed Description
Example 1
(1) Seed coating
The coating seeds are purchased in the market.
(2) Sowing seeds
The method comprises the steps of carrying out floating disc sterilization 7-10 days before sowing, then carrying out matrix dishing and sowing, wherein the method is mechanical dishing sowing, the sowing matrix is purchased in the market (Hunan Hui, etc.), the floating disc is 160 holes, each hole is used for sowing 1 seed, and the sowing depth is 5 mm;
4 water beds are arranged in one D-shaped shed, and the seedling water bed has the following specification: 50m long and 1.65m wide, and 1720 seedling trays are arranged on each water bed.
(3) Heating the sun-drying tray
In sunny morning, the temperature of the greenhouse is raised to 25 ℃ in about 9 to 10 time periods along with the gradual enhancement of the sunlight, and if the greenhouse is in a rainy day, the greenhouse is not operated to keep the temperature mainly;
the plastic film and the white cloth which cover the water bed are uncovered, the plastic film and the white cloth are placed in the center of ridge of the water bed, the plastic film and the white cloth are tightly covered on the floating plate, the local height is prevented from Wen Shangmiao, the sun-curing seedling plate and the water bed mode are started, the heat energy is collected and stored, the purpose of improving the temperature of the water bed is achieved, and the temperature is reduced to the thermal insulation requirement in afternoon.
(4) Cover film heat preservation
When sunlight is weak and the temperature of the greenhouse is reduced to 25 ℃, covering film heat preservation is carried out in 15-16 hours in the afternoon of sunny days, if the greenhouse is in a rainy day, the heat preservation is not operated mainly;
the plastic film and the white cloth are tightly covered on the arch frame of the water bed, so that the heat preservation effect is ensured, the heat preservation and moisture preservation mode is started, the aim of keeping the temperature of the water bed to be more uniform is fulfilled, and the temperature is increased to the temperature raising requirement of the sun tray the next day;
the plastic film is a commercially available polyethylene film, is light blue and semitransparent, and has the specification: a length of 52m, a width of 2m and a thickness of 0.6mm;
the white cloth is commercial polyester cloth, and has the specification: 52m long, 2m wide and 1mm thick.
(5) Ventilation and air conditioning
Ventilating and regulating the air in the period from 12 hours to 14 hours in overcast and rainy days when the temperature of the greenhouse is increased to 25 ℃ to the temperature of the greenhouse is reduced to 25 ℃;
the ventilation opening of the greenhouse is opened when the temperature reaches 25 ℃, a new oxygen and carbon dioxide replacement mode is opened, the temperature and humidity change in the greenhouse is closely concerned during ventilation, the ventilation opening is large in a high-temperature period, and is small in a reverse period, so that the highest air temperature cannot exceed 28 ℃, and the ventilation opening of the greenhouse is closed when the temperature reaches 25 ℃ in the afternoon;
the method is characterized in that the method is carried out in rainy days according to weather changes when no rainwater exists, so that the phenomenon that the seedling tray is splashed by water drops is prevented, and meanwhile, the ventilation time is at least 1 hour, and the fresh air is replaced until no fishy smell exists in the greenhouse;
the idea and the method for keeping the temperature of the greenhouse without being dared for ventilation and air regulation are particularly suggested.
The method of the embodiment 1 fully utilizes natural heat energy by a physical temperature increasing and preserving method, the time of the whole day of the seedling raising period within 17 days is 408 hours, the accumulated temperature of more than or equal to 10 ℃ is 696 ℃, the natural growth and development of tobacco seeds are promoted, and tobacco seedlings are healthy;
the tobacco seeds in the method of the example 1 have the emergence rate of 95.9%, the seedlings are seen on the 10 th day, the seedlings are seen on the 11 th day, 51.2% of the seedlings emerge, more than half of the seedlings are seen, and the seedling alignment time is 12 days;
the method of the embodiment 1 is energy-saving and environment-friendly, does not need heating equipment such as a boiler, an electric heating plate, solar energy and the like, and has no potential safety hazard;
the method of the embodiment 1 fully utilizes natural heat energy, and has physical temperature rise, energy conservation and environmental protection;
the method of the embodiment 1 has strong operability, is reproducible, is easy to popularize and is suitable for tobacco floating seedling in northern or high-altitude areas.
Example 2
(1) Seed coating
a. Preparation of the coating agent
Coating the seeds by using a coating agent, wherein the coating agent comprises the following components in parts by mass: 30 parts of modified polyacrylic resin, 10 parts of ethyl citrate, 3 parts of gibberellin, 2 parts of aspartic acid, 2 parts of sodium alginate and 3 parts of borax powder;
the preparation method of the coating agent comprises the steps of sending the specified parts of modified polyacrylic resin, ethyl citrate, gibberellin, aspartic acid, sodium alginate and borax powder into a grinding mixer to be uniformly mixed to obtain the coating agent;
the preparation method of the modified polyacrylic resin comprises the steps of mixing vinyl trimethoxy silane and acetone, stirring for 20min at 600r/min, adding polyethylene glycol and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, stirring for 30min at 600r/min, adding nano zinc oxide and polyacrylic resin, and stirring for 60min at 600r/min at 75 ℃ to obtain the modified polyacrylic resin;
the mass ratio of the vinyl trimethoxy silane to the acetone to the polyethylene glycol to the dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate to the nano zinc oxide to the polyacrylic resin is 3:20:5:2:1:25.
b. coating layer
The seeds are put into a coating machine, the coating agent, ethanol and deionized water are evenly mixed and sprayed into the seeds for rolling coating, the seeds are dried at 30 ℃ after the coating is finished, and the coated seeds are obtained, the thickness of the coating film is 15 mu m, and the porosity is 66%;
the mass ratio of the coating agent to the ethanol to the water is 2:5:5, a step of;
the mass ratio of the coating agent to the seeds is 1:15.
(2) Sowing seeds
The method comprises the steps of carrying out floating disc sterilization 7-10 days before sowing, then carrying out matrix dishing and sowing, wherein the method is mechanical dishing sowing, the sowing matrix is purchased in the market (Hunan Hui, etc.), the floating disc is 160 holes, each hole is used for sowing 1 seed, and the sowing depth is 5 mm;
4 water beds are arranged in one D-shaped shed, and the seedling water bed has the following specification: 50m long and 1.65m wide, and 1720 seedling trays are arranged on each water bed.
(3) Heating the sun-drying tray
In sunny morning, the temperature of the greenhouse is raised to 25 ℃ in about 9 to 10 time periods along with the gradual enhancement of the sunlight, and if the greenhouse is in a rainy day, the greenhouse is not operated to keep the temperature mainly;
the plastic film and the white cloth which cover the water bed are uncovered, the plastic film and the white cloth are placed in the center of ridge of the water bed, the plastic film and the white cloth are tightly covered on the floating plate, the local height is prevented from Wen Shangmiao, the sun-curing seedling plate and the water bed mode are started, the heat energy is collected and stored, the purpose of improving the temperature of the water bed is achieved, and the temperature is reduced to the thermal insulation requirement in afternoon.
(4) Cover film heat preservation
When sunlight is weak and the temperature of the greenhouse is reduced to 25 ℃, covering film heat preservation is carried out in 15-16 hours in the afternoon of sunny days, if the greenhouse is in a rainy day, the heat preservation is not operated mainly;
the plastic film and the white cloth are tightly covered on the arch frame of the water bed, so that the heat preservation effect is ensured, the heat preservation and moisture preservation mode is started, the aim of keeping the temperature of the water bed to be more uniform is fulfilled, and the temperature is increased to the temperature raising requirement of the sun tray the next day;
the plastic film is a commercially available polyethylene film, is light blue and semitransparent, and has the specification: a length of 52m, a width of 2m and a thickness of 0.6mm;
the white cloth is commercial polyester cloth, and has the specification: 52m long, 2m wide and 1mm thick.
(5) Ventilation and air conditioning
Ventilating and regulating the air in the period from 12 hours to 14 hours in overcast and rainy days when the temperature of the greenhouse is increased to 25 ℃ to the temperature of the greenhouse is reduced to 25 ℃;
the ventilation opening of the greenhouse is opened when the temperature reaches 25 ℃, a new oxygen and carbon dioxide replacement mode is opened, the temperature and humidity change in the greenhouse is closely concerned during ventilation, the ventilation opening is large in a high-temperature period, and is small in a reverse period, so that the highest air temperature cannot exceed 28 ℃, and the ventilation opening of the greenhouse is closed when the temperature reaches 25 ℃ in the afternoon;
the method is characterized in that the method is carried out in rainy days according to weather changes when no rainwater exists, so that the phenomenon that the seedling tray is splashed by water drops is prevented, and meanwhile, the ventilation time is at least 1 hour, and the fresh air is replaced until no fishy smell exists in the greenhouse;
the idea and the method for keeping the temperature of the greenhouse without being dared for ventilation and air regulation are particularly suggested.
The method of the embodiment 2 fully utilizes natural heat energy by a physical temperature increasing and preserving method, the time of the whole day of the seedling raising period within 17 days is 408 hours, the accumulated temperature of more than or equal to 10 ℃ is 696 ℃, the natural growth and development of tobacco seeds are promoted, and tobacco seedlings are healthy;
the tobacco seeds in the method of the example 2 have the emergence rate of 96.5 percent, the seedlings are seen on the 9 th day, the seedlings are seen on the 11 th day, 73.3 percent of the seedlings emerge, more than half of the seedlings are seen, and the seedling alignment time is 12 days;
the method of the embodiment 2 is energy-saving and environment-friendly, does not need heating equipment such as a boiler, an electric heating plate, solar energy and the like, and has no potential safety hazard;
the method of the embodiment 2 fully utilizes natural heat energy, and has physical temperature rise, energy conservation and environmental protection;
the method of the embodiment 2 has strong operability, is reproducible, is easy to popularize and is suitable for tobacco floating seedling in northern or high-altitude areas.
Comparative example 1
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the conventional seedling raising is carried out without adopting any means such as heat preservation, temperature rise, ventilation, air regulation and the like, the emergence rate of seeds is low, the germination time is late, and the seedling aligning time is long;
comparative example 1 the number of hours of the temperature of more than 10 ℃ in 17 days of the seedling period is 264 hours, and the accumulated temperature of more than or equal to 10 ℃ is-36 ℃;
comparative example 1 tobacco seed emergence rate was 88.4%, seedlings were seen on day 13, 50.4% on day 15, more than half, and the time to complete seedlings was 17 days.
Comparative example 2
On the basis of the embodiment 2, the common seeds are used for sowing without adopting the coating seeds, other steps are the same for raising seedlings, the emergence rate of the seeds is low, the germination time is late, and the seedling alignment time is long;
comparative example 2 tobacco seeds showed a rate of emergence of 90.2%, seedlings were seen on day 12, 56.4% on day 14, more than half, and a time to complete seedlings was 16 days.
After the film covering heat preservation and the sun-drying disc heat-up method are adopted, the temperature of the water bed is obviously changed to the temperature of germination and growth of the utilized seeds, and the table is shown as follows:
TABLE 1 minimum temperature statistics of water bodies (17 days after sowing) units (. Degree.C.) for water beds
As can be seen from the above table, the minimum air temperature of example 1, example 2 and comparative example 2 was less than 10℃in 1 day, the number of hours greater than 10℃was 408 hours by statistical calculation, and the minimum air temperature of comparative example 1 was less than 10℃in 6 days, and the number of hours greater than 10℃was 264 hours by statistical calculation.
Table 2 average daily air temperature of not less than 10℃and unit of accumulated temperature (17 days after sowing)
As can be seen from the above table, example 1, example 2, and comparative example 2 have a negative temperature accumulation for only 1 day, and comparative example 1 has a negative temperature accumulation for 6 days:
through statistical calculation, the accumulated temperature of the example 1, the example 2 and the comparative example 2 is 696 ℃, the accumulated temperature of the example 1 is minus 36 ℃ and the accumulated temperature of the example 1 is minus 10 ℃, and the accumulated temperature of the example 1, the example 2 and the comparative example 2 is 732 ℃ higher than that of the comparative example 1.
TABLE 3 time to emergence, rate of emergence unit%
From the table, seedlings are seen in example 1 for 10 days, seedlings are aligned in 12 days, and the emergence rate is 95.9%; example 29 seedlings are seen and 12 days seedlings are aligned; comparative example 1 shows seedlings in 13 days, seedlings are aligned in 17 days, and the emergence rate is 88.4%; comparative example 2 shows seedlings after 12 days, the seedlings are aligned after 16 days, and the emergence rate is 90.2%;
compared with the control, the emergence rate of the seedlings is improved by 7.5 percent, and the seedlings are aligned 5 days in advance.
Claims (4)
1. A method for improving the emergence rate of floating seedlings is characterized by comprising the steps of seed coating, sowing, sun-drying disc temperature raising, cover film heat preservation, ventilation and air conditioning;
the seed coating comprises the steps of preparing a coating agent and coating;
the preparation coating agent comprises the following components in parts by mass: 28-32 parts of modified polyacrylic resin, 8-12 parts of ethyl citrate, 2.5-3.5 parts of gibberellin, 1.5-2.5 parts of aspartic acid, 1.8-2.2 parts of sodium alginate and 2.5-3.5 parts of borax powder;
the preparation method of the coating agent comprises the steps of grinding and mixing modified polyacrylic resin, ethyl citrate, gibberellin, aspartic acid, sodium alginate and borax powder to obtain the coating agent;
the preparation method of the modified polyacrylic resin comprises the steps of mixing and stirring vinyl trimethoxy silane and acetone for 15-25min, adding polyethylene glycol and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, stirring for 25-35min, adding nano zinc oxide and polyacrylic resin, and stirring for 50-70min at 70-80 ℃ to obtain the modified polyacrylic resin;
the mass ratio of the vinyl trimethoxy silane to the acetone to the polyethylene glycol to the dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate to the nano zinc oxide to the polyacrylic resin is 2.5-3.5:18-22:4.5-5.5:1.8-2.2:0.8-1.2:22-27;
the temperature of the sun-drying disc is raised, the sun-drying disc is raised when the temperature of the greenhouse is raised to 24-26 ℃ in sunny morning, and the film is covered for heat preservation in rainy days; the plastic film and white cloth of the water bed are uncovered, and the water bed is covered on the floating disc;
the plastic film is a polyethylene film with the thickness of 0.5-0.7mm; the white cloth is polyester cloth with the thickness of 0.8-1.2mm;
the film covering and heat preservation is carried out when the temperature of the greenhouse is reduced to 24-26 ℃ in sunny afternoon; covering a plastic film and white cloth on a water bed;
the temperature of the greenhouse is increased to 24-26 ℃ in the morning of sunny days and is reduced to 24-26 ℃ in the afternoon of sunny days, or ventilation and air conditioning are carried out in the 12-14 time period of overcast and rainy days;
opening the ventilation opening when the temperature reaches 24-26 ℃ in the morning, controlling the highest air temperature not to exceed 27-29 ℃, and closing the ventilation opening when the temperature reaches 24-26 ℃ in the afternoon;
the rainy day is carried out when no rainwater exists;
the ventilation time is at least 0.8-1.5 hours, and the fresh air is replaced until no fishy smell exists in the greenhouse.
2. The method for improving the emergence rate of floating seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
and the coating agent, ethanol and deionized water are uniformly mixed and sprayed into the seeds for rolling coating, and the coated seeds are obtained after the coating is completed and dried, wherein the thickness of the coating film is 14-16 mu m, and the porosity is 60-70%.
3. The method for improving the emergence rate of floating seedlings according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the mass ratio of the coating agent to the ethanol to the water is 1.8-2.2:4.5-5.5:4.5-5.5;
the mass ratio of the coating agent to the seeds is 1:13-17.
4. The method for improving the emergence rate of floating seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
and 1 seed is sown in each hole of the floating disc, and the sowing depth is 4-6 mm.
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