CN114224970A - 一种抗家畜呼吸道疾病的中药试剂及其生产方法 - Google Patents
一种抗家畜呼吸道疾病的中药试剂及其生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抗家畜呼吸道疾病的中药试剂及其生产方法，属于中兽药技术领域，中药试剂由如下重量份数的原料制成：半夏5‑10份、白前5‑10份、川贝母5‑10份、马兜铃5‑10份、枇杷叶5‑10份、桑白皮5‑10份、细辛2‑6份、金银花10‑20份、麻黄2‑6份、甘草3‑8份、射干3‑8份、白薇5‑10份、金荞麦10‑20份。本发明的生产方法为：按重量份称取各原料药混合，加水煎煮、过滤两次，合并滤液，静置取上清液浓缩即得。本发明诸药合并，消炎杀菌，止咳平喘，对家畜呼吸道疾病具有良好的预防和治疗效果，见效快，还能够提高家畜机体免疫力。
Description
技术领域
本发明具体涉及中兽药技术领域，特别是涉及一种抗家畜呼吸道疾病的中药试剂及其生产方法。
背景技术
目前，家畜呼吸道疾病的发病率和死亡率都在上升，是养殖业的一大问题。尤其是近年来，随着集约化养殖业的不断发展，家畜呼吸道疾病呈现日趋严重的趋势。
不同家畜的呼吸道疾病病原复杂，易引起多种疾病的继发感染。目前治疗呼吸道疾病的药物以抗菌作用的西药为主，治疗效果欠佳，往往治标不治本。近年来出现了很多用于治疗禽类呼吸道疾病的中药，取得了比较好的治疗效果，而用于治疗家畜呼吸道疾病的中药还比较少，因此通过对传统中药进行合理筛选和组方，研发出用于抗家畜呼吸道疾病的中药试剂具有非常重要的生产实践意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足之处，提供一种抗家畜呼吸道疾病的中药试剂及其生产方法，以提高对家畜呼吸道疾病的防治效果。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下方案：
本发明提供了一种抗家畜呼吸道疾病的中药试剂：所述中药试剂由如下重量份数的原料制成：半夏5-10份、白前5-10份、川贝母5-10份、马兜铃5-10份、枇杷叶5-10份、桑白皮5-10份、细辛2-6份、金银花10-20份、麻黄2-6份、甘草3-8份、射干3-8份、白薇5-10份、金荞麦10-20份。
进一步的，所述中药试剂由如下重量份数的原料制成：半夏6-8份、白前6-8份、川贝母6-8份、马兜铃6-8份、枇杷叶6-8份、桑白皮6-8份、细辛3-5份、金银花14-18份、麻黄3-5份、甘草4-6份、射干4-6份、白薇6-8份、金荞麦14-18份。
更进一步的，所述中药试剂由如下重量份数的原料制成：半夏7份、白前7份、川贝母7份、马兜铃7份、枇杷叶7份、桑白皮7份、细辛4份、金银花15份、麻黄4份、甘草5份、射干5份、白薇7份、金荞麦18份。
本发明还提供了上述抗家畜呼吸道疾病的中药试剂的生产方法，具体包括以下步骤：
(1)按所述重量份称取各原料药混合，加水煎煮，过滤；
(2)向所述步骤(1)过滤所得的滤渣中加水煎煮，过滤；
(3)合并所述步骤(1)和步骤(2)中的滤液，静置取上清液浓缩即得。
进一步的，所述步骤(1)中加水量为原料药重量的8-10倍；
进一步的，所述步骤(2)中加水量为滤渣重量的5-8倍。
进一步的，所述步骤(1)中煎煮时间为120-150min。
进一步的，所述步骤(2)中煎煮时间为60-90min。
进一步的，所述步骤(3)中静置时间为12-24h。
进一步的，所述步骤(3)中浓缩至相对密度为1.15-1.40。
本发明的中药中各组分原料的作用如下：
半夏含有机酸类、鞣质、水溶性生物碱等，含挥发油、蒽醌、糖类等化学成分、β-谷甾醇、β-谷甾醇葡萄糖苷，用以祛痰，止咳，镇吐；抑制唾液分泌；有中枢抑制作用；抗氧化，泻下等。
白前含三萜皂苷，已分离得芫花叶白前苷元A、芫花叶白前苷元B和芫花叶白前苷元C-单黄夹竹桃糖苷，具有镇咳、祛痰、平喘、抗炎等药理作用。
川贝母主要含西贝母碱、川贝碱、松贝碱、西贝素、川贝酮碱等多种生物碱。动物实验表明，提取物有止咳化痰、降压、消炎作用。体外抗菌试验表明，醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌有明显抑制作用。
马兜铃含马兜铃酸和生物碱等,有祛痰作用。
枇杷叶含挥发油,主成分为橙花叔醇、芳樟醇及其氧化物等。对呼吸中枢有镇静、平喘、镇咳作用，还具抗菌、降血糖、抗肿瘤的作用。
桑白皮主含黄酮类化合物、桑色呋喃、伞形花内酯，东莨菪素、环桑素、环桑色烯、环桑根皮素、桑黄酮、桑根皮素、桑色烯、桑素等成分,具有利尿作用，降低血压，具有一定的抑菌作用。
细辛含挥发油，主要成分甲基丁香酚、优香芹酮、黄樟醚、β-蒎烯、α-蒎烯、龙脑、异茴香醚、细辛酯素等，具有一定的抑菌作用，有增强脂质代谢及升高血糖的作用，调节机体平滑肌功能。还有镇痛、镇静、抑制发热、解热、抗组胺和抗变态反应和兴奋呼吸作用。
金银花含木樨草素、肌醇及挥发油、萜类、酚酸等化学成分，具有抗病原微生物、抗毒、抗炎、解热、促进炎细胞吞噬功能、降血脂、中枢兴奋、抗生育、预防胃溃疡、兴奋子宫作用。
麻黄：主要成分为麻黄碱，并含少量伪麻黄碱、挥发油等，麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱具有缓解支气管平滑肌痉挛的作用。挥发油对流感病毒有抑制作用。
甘草能祛痰止咳，保护发炎的咽喉和气管的粘膜。
射干含鸢尾苷元、鸢尾黄酮新苷元A、洋鸢尾素、射干酮、杧果苷、射干醛、射干醇A、射干醇B等，具有抗炎、解热、抗过敏、抗微生物、祛痰、抗凝血、促进唾液分泌、降血压、利胆、利尿、增进神经细胞生存和生长等作用。
白薇含白薇素、挥发油、强心甙，有一定的祛痰作用，具有退热，抗炎等作用。
金荞麦有效成分为缩合原花色苷元，有抑菌、消炎作用；对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎球菌，以及痢疾、伤寒、绿脓等杆菌有抑制作用。具有抗癌、解热、镇咳等作用。
本发明的有益效果为：
本发明药性平和，配方合理，无刺激性，对导致家畜各种呼吸道疾病的病原体有抑制和杀灭作用，对家畜在各个阶段的各类原因引起的呼吸道疾病具有很好的防治作用，能够有效降低家畜在各个阶段的各类原因引起的呼吸道疾病。
诸药合并，消炎杀菌，止咳平喘，对家畜呼吸道疾病具有良好的预防和治疗效果，见效快，还能够提高家畜机体免疫力，达到了显著的防治呼吸道疾病的效果和促进生长的目的。
本发明所用原料均采用纯天然中草药，生产成本低，且工艺简单，适合大规模生产。
具体实施方式
现详细说明本发明的多种示例性实施方式，该详细说明不应认为是对本发明的限制，而应理解为是对本发明的某些方面、特性和实施方案的更详细的描述。
应理解本发明中所述的术语仅仅是为描述特别的实施方式，并非用于限制本发明。另外，对于本发明中的数值范围，应理解为还具体公开了该范围的上限和下限之间的每个中间值。在任何陈述值或陈述范围内的中间值以及任何其他陈述值或在所述范围内的中间值之间的每个较小的范围也包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括或排除在范围内。
除非另有说明，否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所述领域的常规技术人员通常理解的相同含义。虽然本发明仅描述了优选的方法和材料，但是在本发明的实施或测试中也可以使用与本文所述相似或等同的任何方法和材料。本说明书中提到的所有文献通过引用并入，用以公开和描述与所述文献相关的方法和/或材料。在与任何并入的文献冲突时，以本说明书的内容为准。
在不背离本发明的范围或精神的情况下，可对本发明说明书的具体实施方式做多种改进和变化，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。由本发明的说明书得到的其他实施方式对技术人员而言是显而易见的。本申请说明书和实施例仅是示例性的。
关于本文中所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等等，均为开放性的用语，即意指包含但不限于。
本发明中所述的“份”如无特别说明，均按质量份计。
实施例1本发明药物与生产方法
(1)称取以下重量份的原料药并混合均匀，加入原料药重量10倍的水煎煮150min，过滤并收集滤液：
半夏10份、白前10份、川贝母10份、马兜铃10份、枇杷叶10份、桑白皮10份、细辛6份、金银花20份、麻黄6份、甘草8份、射干8份、白薇10份、金荞麦20份；
(2)向步骤(1)过滤后的滤渣中加水，加水量为滤渣重量的8倍，煎煮90min，过滤收集滤液；
(3)合并步骤(1)和步骤(2)中的滤液，静置24h后取上清液浓缩至相对密度为1.30即得。
实施例2本发明药物与生产方法
(1)称取以下重量份的原料药并混合均匀，加入原料药重量8倍的水煎煮120min，过滤并收集滤液：
半夏5份、白前5份、川贝母5份、马兜铃5份、枇杷叶5份、桑白皮5份、细辛2份、金银花10份、麻黄2份、甘草3份、射干3份、白薇5份、金荞麦10份；
(2)向步骤(1)过滤后的滤渣中加水，加水量为滤渣重量的5倍，煎煮60min，过滤收集滤液；
(3)合并步骤(1)和步骤(2)中的滤液，静置12h后取上清液浓缩至相对密度为1.15即得。
实施例3本发明药物与生产方法
(1)称取以下重量份的原料药并混合均匀，加入原料药重量8倍的水煎煮130min，过滤并收集滤液：
半夏6份、白前6份、川贝母6份、马兜铃6份、枇杷叶6份、桑白皮6份、细辛3份、金银花14份、麻黄3份、甘草4份、射干4份、白薇6份、金荞麦14份；
(2)向步骤(1)过滤后的滤渣中加水，加水量为滤渣重量的6倍，煎煮70min，过滤收集滤液；
(3)合并步骤(1)和步骤(2)中的滤液，静置12h后取上清液浓缩至相对密度为1.20即得。
实施例4本发明药物与生产方法
(1)称取以下重量份的原料药并混合均匀，加入原料药重量9倍的水煎煮140min，过滤并收集滤液：
半夏8份、白前8份、川贝母8份、马兜铃8份、枇杷叶8份、桑白皮8份、细辛5份、金银花18份、麻黄5份、甘草6份、射干6份、白薇8份、金荞麦18份；
(2)向步骤(1)过滤后的滤渣中加水，加水量为滤渣重量的7倍，煎煮80min，过滤收集滤液；
(3)合并步骤(1)和步骤(2)中的滤液，静置16h后取上清液浓缩至相对密度为1.30即得。
实施例5本发明药物与生产方法
(1)称取以下重量份的原料药并混合均匀，加入原料药重量8倍的水煎煮150min，过滤并收集滤液：
半夏7份、白前7份、川贝母7份、马兜铃7份、枇杷叶7份、桑白皮7份、细辛4份、金银花15份、麻黄4份、甘草5份、射干5份、白薇7份、金荞麦18份；
(2)向步骤(1)过滤后的滤渣中加水，加水量为滤渣重量的5倍，煎煮90min，过滤收集滤液；
(3)合并步骤(1)和步骤(2)中的滤液，静置20h后取上清液浓缩至相对密度为1.40即得。
效果验证
选取120只患呼吸道疾病的鸡，雌雄各半，随机平均分成6组，每组20只，其中5组采用实施例1-5制备的中药试剂，每公斤饲料中添加本发明中药试剂20mg；1组为对照组不给药；各组连用7日，记录治疗情况，试验结果见表1。
表1患病鸡的治疗情况
| 组次 | 治愈 | 死亡 | 治愈率 | 有效率 |
| 实施例1 | 15 | 1 | 75.00％ | 90.00％ |
| 实施例2 | 16 | 0 | 80.00％ | 95.00％ |
| 实施例3 | 16 | 0 | 80.00％ | 95.00％ |
| 实施例4 | 17 | 0 | 85.00％ | 100.00％ |
| 实施例5 | 18 | 0 | 90.00％ | 100.00％％ |
| 对照组 | 0 | 5 | 0.00％ | 42.35％ |
结果表明：与空白对照组比较，5个试验组对鸡呼吸道疾病均有显著疗效，见效快。本发明药物适口性好，试验鸡无拒食现象，无毒副作用和不良反应。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种抗家畜呼吸道疾病的中药试剂，其特征在于：所述中药试剂由如下重量份数的原料制成：半夏5-10份、白前5-10份、川贝母5-10份、马兜铃5-10份、枇杷叶5-10份、桑白皮5-10份、细辛2-6份、金银花10-20份、麻黄2-6份、甘草3-8份、射干3-8份、白薇5-10份、金荞麦10-20份。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种抗家畜呼吸道疾病的中药试剂，其特征在于：所述中药试剂由如下重量份数的原料制成：半夏6-8份、白前6-8份、川贝母6-8份、马兜铃6-8份、枇杷叶6-8份、桑白皮6-8份、细辛3-5份、金银花14-18份、麻黄3-5份、甘草4-6份、射干4-6份、白薇6-8份、金荞麦14-18份。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种抗家畜呼吸道疾病的中药试剂，其特征在于：所述中药试剂由如下重量份数的原料制成：半夏7份、白前7份、川贝母7份、马兜铃7份、枇杷叶7份、桑白皮7份、细辛4份、金银花15份、麻黄4份、甘草5份、射干5份、白薇7份、金荞麦18份。
4.一种权利要求1-3任一项所述的一种抗家畜呼吸道疾病的中药试剂的生产方法，其特征在于：具体包括以下步骤：
(1)按所述重量份称取各原料药混合，加水煎煮，过滤；
(2)向所述步骤(1)过滤所得的滤渣中加水煎煮，过滤；
(3)合并所述步骤(1)和步骤(2)中的滤液，静置取上清液浓缩即得。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种抗家畜呼吸道疾病的中药试剂的生产方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)中加水量为原料药重量的8-10倍。
6.如权利要求4所述的一种抗家畜呼吸道疾病的中药试剂的生产方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中加水量为滤渣重量的5-8倍。
7.如权利要求4所述的一种抗家畜呼吸道疾病的中药试剂的生产方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)中煎煮时间为120-150min。
8.如权利要求4所述的一种抗家畜呼吸道疾病的中药试剂的生产方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中煎煮时间为60-90min。
9.如权利要求4所述的一种抗家畜呼吸道疾病的中药试剂的生产方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(3)中静置时间为12-24h。
10.如权利要求4所述的一种抗家畜呼吸道疾病的中药试剂的生产方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(3)中浓缩至相对密度为1.15-1.40。
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