CN113521206B - 一种含有牛蒡子的中药组合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种预防或治疗感冒和/或流行性感冒和/或新型冠状病毒肺炎的中药组合物,其特征在于其原料药组成为金银花、牛蒡子等。本发明中药组合物具有宣肺止嗽、清热解毒之功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药领域,涉及一种含有牛蒡子的中药组合物、其制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
新型冠状病毒肺炎(Corona Virus Disease 2019,COVID-19,简称新冠肺炎)患者的临床表现为:以发热、乏力、干咳为主要表现,鼻塞、流涕等上呼吸道症状少见,会出现缺氧低氧状态。约半数患者多在一周后出现呼吸困难,严重者快速进展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征、脓毒症休克、难以纠正的代谢性酸中毒和出凝血功能障碍。感冒、流行性感冒、新型冠状病毒肺炎三者都是可以由病毒引起呼吸道传染性疾病。
现代药理学研究表明,不少中药具有解热、抗炎作用,可改善患者发热症状、控制肺部炎症扩散、促进炎症吸收,起到多方面、多途径、多靶点的作用。此外,在抗病毒的同时,中医药干预的优势还在于可调节人体免疫功能,激发机体自身防御能力。对于普通患者的救治,中西医结合治疗可重点关注改善症状、缩短疗程、促进痊愈。普通患者常以发热、干咳、乏力症状为主,部分患者有憋喘、肺部散在渗出等症状,中医药可采取宣肺透邪、芳香化浊、清热解毒、平喘化痰、通腑泻热等治法。
目前,对于治疗疗感冒、新型冠状病毒肺炎的中药多含有麻黄,而国家对于麻黄草的管制较为严格,国外一些国家是禁止携带麻黄及其制品进入。因此需要一种不含有麻黄草,且防治效果更好,症状明显改善的中药。
发明内容:
本发明的一个目的是提供一种预防或治疗感冒和/或流行性感冒和/或新型冠状病毒肺炎的中药组合物。
根据临床需要与实验研究的实践,可以将该组合物制成片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、丸剂、糖浆剂等剂型。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种制备上述中药组合物或制剂的方法。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种上述中药组合物在生产预防或治疗一种预防或治疗感冒和/或流行性感冒和/或新型冠状病毒肺炎等病症的药物中的用途。
为了寻找有效的预防或治疗感冒和/或流感病毒/或新型冠状病毒肺炎的中药组合物,本发明的发明人通过长期实践,进行合理组合,并进行抗病毒的实验研究,证明其具有更强的抗病毒作用。
本发明发明人进行了广泛研究,提供了一种预防或治疗感冒和/或流行性感冒和/或新型冠状病毒肺炎的中药组合物,其特征在于原料药组成为金银花、紫苏、杏仁、前胡、白前、牛蒡子、生石膏、白茅根、虎杖、马鞭草。紫苏选自紫苏子、紫苏叶、紫苏梗,优选紫苏叶。杏仁选自甜杏仁、苦杏仁,优选苦杏仁。
按照本发明的一个优选实施方案,其原料药的重量比为金银花6-72份,紫苏8-90份,杏仁6-72份,前胡6-72份,白前6-72份,牛蒡子6-72份,生石膏5-99份,白茅根8-90份,虎杖8-90份,马鞭草8-90份。
按照本发明的一个优选实施方案,其原料药的重量比为金银花7-42份,紫苏9-30份,杏仁7-24份,前胡7-24份,白前7-24份,牛蒡子7-30份,生石膏12-60份,白茅根9-30份,虎杖9-38份,马鞭草9-30份。
按照本发明的一个优选实施方案,其原料药的重量比为金银花8-19份,紫苏10-23份,杏仁8-19份,前胡8-18份,白前8-18份,牛蒡子8-18份,生石膏13-40份,白茅根10-23份,虎杖10-30份,马鞭草10-23份。
按照本发明的一个优选实施方案,其原料药的重量比为金银花8-17份,紫苏10-18份,杏仁8-14份,前胡8-17份,白前8-14份,牛蒡子8-14份,生石膏13-28份,白茅根10-18份,虎杖10-21份,马鞭草10-18份。
例如金银花12份,紫苏15份,杏仁12份,前胡12份,白前12份,牛蒡子12份,生石膏20份,白茅根15份,虎杖15份,马鞭草15份。再例如金银花8份,紫苏18份,杏仁9份,前胡16份,白前16份,牛蒡子12份,生石膏26份,白茅根15份,虎杖15份,马鞭草16份。
本发明中药组合物中金银花、牛蒡子疏风解表、清热解毒,紫苏散寒解表、理气宽中,三者合用清热解表,用之为君;杏仁、前胡、白前三药合用宣肺利气、祛痰止咳,用之为臣;加生石膏、白茅根合用清肺热,以表里双解,亦为臣药;虎杖、马鞭草清热解毒,同时兼有利水化痰,功兼佐使。诸药合用,全方共奏宣肺止嗽、清热解毒之功效。
本发明中药组合物宣肺止嗽、清热解毒,可以用于治疗新冠肺炎临床治疗期轻型、普通型发热、咳嗽为主,内热较重者。
本发明另一方面涉及所述中药组合物的制备方法,其是:
制备方法一
组合物全部原料药加水煎煮提取1~3次,提取液浓缩至稠膏、制成药学上可接受的剂型(例如颗粒或胶囊、丸剂、片剂等制剂)。
制备方法二
紫苏蒸馏法(或超声法、冷浸法、超临界萃取法)提取挥发油,收集挥发油和药液,提挥发油后药渣加水煎煮提取一次,药液合并浓缩至稠膏,得紫苏浸膏,挥发油用2~16倍的β-环糊精包合备用。组合物其余原料药加水煎煮提取1~3次,药液浓缩至稠膏,与上述紫苏浸膏、挥发油包合物和适量辅料,制成药学上可接受的剂型(例如颗粒或胶囊、丸剂、片剂等制剂)。
制备方法三
组合物中的全部原料药用30%~80%乙醇回流提取1~3次,浓缩至稠膏,制成药学上可接受的剂型(例如颗粒或胶囊、丸剂、片剂等制剂)。
制备方法四
组合物中的全部原料药用70%~90%乙醇回流提取1~3次,药渣再加水煎煮提取1~3次,浓缩至稠膏,制成药学上可接受的剂型(例如颗粒或胶囊、丸剂、片剂等制剂)。
制备方法五
组合物中原料药方中的紫苏、前胡、白前、牛蒡子、虎杖、马鞭草用50%~80乙醇回流提取1~3次,回收乙醇,浓缩至稠膏;金银花、杏仁、生石膏、白茅根加水煎煮提取1~3次,浓缩至稠膏,与上述醇提浸膏加入适量辅料,制成药学上可接受的剂型(例如颗粒或胶囊、丸剂、片剂等制剂)。
制备方法六
1.金银花中有机酸组分制备:取金银花适量,用6-10倍量水提取1-3次,每次0.5-3h,提取液滤过,合并滤液;减压浓缩,浓缩液pH值调至2-4后作为上样液。取大孔树脂装柱,上样,先用去离子水洗除杂,再用30%-50%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩,冷冻干燥,即得有机酸组分;
2.紫苏中挥发油和迷迭香酸组分制备:取紫苏适量,采用水蒸气蒸馏法、冷浸法、超声提取法或超临界CO2萃取(SFE-CO2)法提取挥发油,从紫苏提取获得挥发油后的水提取液或药渣用水提取后上样,纯化富集迷迭香酸;具体方式可以为
挥发油制备(采用以下任一方式获得)
①水蒸气蒸馏法挥发油提取:取紫苏适量,加水提取,照2015版中国药典挥发油测定法(通则2204)测定提取挥发油,保持微沸2-5h,收集挥发油,挥发油用2~16倍的β-环糊精包合备用;
②超声法提取法:取紫苏适量,加石油醚超声提取2-5次,合并提取液,减压挥干石油醚,收集挥发油。挥发油用2~16倍的β-环糊精包合备用;
③冷浸法:取紫苏适量,室温下用乙醚浸泡1-5次,浸泡时间12-48h/次,合并提取液,减压挥干乙醚,收集挥发油。挥发油用2~16倍的β-环糊精包合备用;
④超临界CO2萃取(SFE-CO2)法:采用CO2超临界流体加入适当的夹带溶剂(乙醇、丙酮、乙醚等)提取,回收溶剂,得挥发油;挥发油用2~16倍的β-环糊精包合备用;
迷迭香酸组分制备
1)上样液的获取:
通过①水蒸气蒸馏法紫苏挥发油提取中获得的水液,滤过,滤液浓缩,即得上样液
或者通过②超声法提取法、③冷浸法、④超临界CO2萃取(SFE-CO2)法任一方式得到的紫苏药渣加6-10倍量水提取,1-3次,每次0.5-3h,提取液滤过,合并滤液,滤液浓缩,得上样液;
2)纯化富集:步骤1)得到的水提液,取大孔树脂装柱,上样,先用去离子水洗除杂,再用30%-50%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩,干燥,即得迷迭香酸组分;
3.杏仁中苦杏仁苷组分制备:①水提法:取破碎后苦杏仁适量,用5-10倍量水提取1-3次,每次0.5-3h,提取液滤过,合并滤液;滤液浓缩至一定比重,作为上样液。取大孔树脂装柱,上样,先用去离子水洗除杂,再用10%-50%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩,干燥,即得苦杏仁苷组分;
②醇提法:苦杏仁破碎,灭酶,用70%~95%乙醇提取1~3次,浓缩,重结晶,得苦杏仁苷类组分;
4.前胡中香豆素组分制备:取前胡药材适量,用5-10倍量60%-95%的乙醇,提取1-3次,每次0.5-3h,提取液滤过,合并滤液,减压回收乙醇至无醇味,作为上样液。取大孔树脂装柱,上样,先用去离子水洗除杂,再用60%-95%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩,干燥,即得香豆素组分;
5.白前醇提取物制备:用5-10倍量70%-95%的乙醇,提取1-3次,每次0.5-3h,提取液滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩干燥,即得白前醇提取物;
6.牛蒡子中木质素类组分制备:取牛蒡子粗粉适量,用5-10倍量50%-80%的乙醇,提取1-3次,每次0.5-3h,提取液滤过,合并滤液,减压回收乙醇至无醇味,作为上样液。取大孔吸附树脂装柱,上样,先用去离子水洗除杂,再用40%-90%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩,干燥,即得木质素类组分;
7.生石膏:生石膏水提取或打粉入药;
8.白茅根中多糖组分制备:取白茅根适量,用5-20倍量水提取1-3次,每次0.5-3h,提取液滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩,浓缩至比重0.9-1.10,加4-8倍量的80%-95%乙醇醇沉,静置,弃上清,得多糖组分;
9.虎杖中蒽醌类组分制备:虎杖用50%~90%乙醇提取1~3次,回收乙醇至比重1.0以上,用大孔树脂D101纯化,上柱吸附,纯化水洗杂,分别用30%~50%乙醇和60%~90%乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,浓缩干燥得虎杖组分;
10.马鞭草黄酮类组分制备:取马鞭草适量,用5-10倍量50%-80%的乙醇,提取1-3次,每次0.5-3h,提取液滤过,合并滤液,减压回收乙醇至无醇味,作为上样液。取大孔树脂装柱,上样,先用去离子水洗除杂,再用40%-90%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩,干燥,即得黄酮类组分;
上述步骤1-10各药味组分和浸膏(或原粉)加入适量辅料,制成药学上可接受的剂型(例如颗粒或胶囊、丸剂、片剂等制剂)。
制备方法七
1.金银花中有机酸组分制备:取金银花适量,用6-10倍量水提取1-3次,每次0.5-3h,提取液滤过,合并滤液;减压浓缩,浓缩液pH值调至2-4后作为上样液。取大孔树脂装柱,上样,先用去离子水洗除杂,再用30%-50%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩,冷冻干燥,即得有机酸组分。
2.紫苏中挥发油和迷迭香酸组分制备:取紫苏适量,采用水蒸气蒸馏法、冷浸法、超声提取法或超临界CO2萃取(SFE-CO2)法提取挥发油,从紫苏提取获得挥发油后的水提取液或药渣用水提取后上样,纯化富集迷迭香酸;具体方式可以为
挥发油组分制备(采用以下任一方式获得)
①水蒸气蒸馏法挥发油提取:取紫苏适量,加水提取,照2015版中国药典挥发油测定法(通则2204)测定提取挥发油,保持微沸2-5h,收集挥发油,挥发油用2~16倍的β-环糊精包合备用。
②超声法提取法:取紫苏适量,加石油醚超声提取2-5次,合并提取液,减压挥干石油醚,收集挥发油。挥发油用2~16倍的β-环糊精包合备用;
③冷浸法:取紫苏适量,室温下用乙醚浸泡1-5次,浸泡时间12-48h/次,合并提取液,减压挥干乙醚,收集挥发油。挥发油用2~16倍的β-环糊精包合备用;
④超临界CO2萃取(SFE-CO2)法:采用CO2超临界流体加入适当的夹带溶剂(乙醇、丙酮、乙醚等)提取,回收溶剂,得挥发油。挥发油用2~16倍的β-环糊精包合备用;
迷迭香酸组分制备
1)上样液的获取:
通过①水蒸气蒸馏法紫苏挥发油提取后的水液,滤过,滤液浓缩,即得上样液
或者通过②超声法提取法、③冷浸法、④超临界CO2萃取(SFE-CO2)法任一方式得到的紫苏药渣加6-10倍量水提取,1-3次,每次0.5-3h,提取液滤过,合并滤液,滤液浓缩,得上样液;
2)纯化富集:步骤1)得到的上样液,取大孔树脂装柱,上样,先用去离子水洗除杂,再用30%-50%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩,干燥,即得迷迭香酸组分;
3.杏仁中苦杏仁苷组分制备:①水提法:取破碎后苦杏仁适量,用5-10倍量水提取1-3次,每次0.5-3h,提取液滤过,合并滤液;滤液浓缩至一定比重,作为上样液。取大孔树脂装柱,上样,先用去离子水洗除杂,再用10%-50%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩,干燥,即得苦杏仁苷组分;
②醇提法:苦杏仁破碎,灭酶,用70%~95%乙醇提取1~3次,浓缩,重结晶,得苦杏仁苷类组分;
4.按处方比例取前胡、牛蒡子、虎杖、马鞭草药材适量,用5-10倍量60%-95%的乙醇,提取1-3次,每次0.5-3h,提取液滤过,合并滤液,减压回收乙醇至无醇味,作为上样液。取大孔树脂装柱,上样,先用去离子水洗除杂,再用40%-95%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩,干燥,即得前胡、牛蒡子、虎杖、马鞭草混合组分;
5.白前醇提取物制备:用5-10倍量70%-95%的乙醇,提取1-3次,每次0.5-3h,提取液滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩干燥,即得白前醇提取物;
6.生石膏:生石膏水提取或打粉入药;
7.白茅根中多糖组分制备:取白茅根适量,用5-20倍量水提取1-3次,每次0.5-3h,提取液滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩,加4-8倍量的80%-95%乙醇醇沉,静置,弃上清,得多糖组分。
制备方法八
1)紫苏叶加水,水蒸气蒸馏提取挥发油,得到挥发油A和水液B,药渣加金银花、杏仁、生石膏、白茅根加水回流提取1-3次,水提液和挥水液B合并,减压浓缩,作为水提浓缩液C;
2)前胡、白前、牛蒡子、虎杖、马鞭草五味加乙醇回流提取1-3次,提取液合并,减压浓缩,得到浓缩液D,
3)将步骤2得到的浓缩液D与步骤1得到的水提浓缩液C合并,继续浓缩,加入步骤1得到的挥发油A,混合均匀,加入适量辅料,制成药学上可接受的剂型;
其中步骤1),紫苏提取加水量可以为5-10倍量,水蒸气蒸馏提取挥发油3-10小时,,药渣加金银花、杏仁、生石膏、白茅根加水量为3-10倍回流,每次回流提取1-3小时,减压浓缩至比重1.03~1.07(60℃),
步骤2)前胡、白前、牛蒡子、虎杖、马鞭草五味加3-10倍量50-95%乙醇回流提取,提取1-3次,每次1-3小时,减压浓缩至比重为1.03~1.07(60℃),与水提浓缩液合并,继续浓缩至比重为1.20~1.30(60℃);
上述各药味组分和浸膏(或原粉)加入适量辅料,加入适量辅料,制成药学上可接受的剂型(例如颗粒或胶囊、丸剂、片剂等制剂)。
本发明所用树脂可以选自XDA-6、XDA-8、XL-68M、AB-8、HPD722、HPD720、NKA-9、D101、HPD100、HPD400、、HPD600、HPD700、DA201、DM130、DM-201、DM-301、DM-401、D4020、S-8,D3520、H1020等药学上可接受的常用树脂类型。
除另有指明外,本发明中溶剂“倍量”指体积重量比,例如L/kg,ml/g
金银花具有抗炎、解热、止血、抗病毒、保肝利胆、抗菌等作用,针对各种热性病,如发热、发斑、咽喉肿痛等,临床疗效显著;紫苏具有止咳平喘、解热、止痛、抗氧化、抗炎、抗过敏等多种药理活性;苦杏仁具有止咳平喘、抗炎镇痛、抗氧化、调节免疫、润肠通便等多种药理活性,临床多用其镇咳平喘之功效;前胡具有祛痰、镇咳、平喘、抗炎、解痉、镇静等药理作用,临床用于上呼吸道感染的治疗;白前具有清肺化痰、止咳平喘、镇痛、抗炎、降血脂、抗病的药理作用,以镇咳和祛痰作用见长;牛蒡子具有抑菌、抗炎、抗病毒、止咳、治疗肾病、降血糖等药理作用,以抑制或阻碍炎症因子的释放和抑制流感病毒的复制为主;生石膏具有退热、镇静、解痉、调节免疫、抗病毒等药理作用,临床以强而快的退热作用最为显著;白茅根及其主要活性成分具有抗氧化、抗炎、免疫调节、止血、调节脂质代谢和耐缺氧等药理作用,可通过减少炎性介质释放,减轻肺泡毛细血管屏障的损伤达到对急性肺损伤的保护作用;虎杖具有抗炎、抗病毒、抗菌、调血脂、抗血栓、改变血流变、扩张血管、保护心肌、抗氧化、抗肿瘤等方面的药理作用,其中以有抗菌活性最为突出;马鞭草具有抗炎、镇痛、镇咳、祛痰、抗病毒、调节免疫、抗氧化等药理作用。
因此,本发明另一方面涉及上述中药组合物用于制备预防或治疗上述感冒和/或流行性感冒和/或新型冠状病毒肺炎等病症的药物的用途。本发明也涉及用上述中药组合物预防或治疗感冒和/或流行性感冒和/或新型冠状病毒肺炎等病症的方法,包括对需要的患者施用预防或治疗有效量的上述中药组合物。
本发明另一方面涉及上述中药组合物用于制备抗炎和/或增强免疫的药物的用途,包括对需要的患者施用预防或治疗有效量的上述中药组合物
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明的组合物具有抗炎、增强免疫力等作用,高效安全无毒,充分发挥了中药复方多靶点治疗作用,可用于感冒、流感、新型冠状病毒肺炎的预防与治疗。
本发明中药组合物宣肺止嗽、清热解毒,可以用于治疗新冠肺炎临床治疗期轻型、普通型发热、咳嗽为主,内热较重者。
本发明不含有麻黄,患者更容易接受,也可以在国外使用。
具体实施方式:
以下通过实施例进一步说明本发明,但不作为对本发明的限制。
实施例1
金银花1.2kg,紫苏1.5kg,杏仁1.2kg,前胡1.2kg,白前1.2kg,牛蒡子1.2kg,生石膏2.0kg,白茅根1.5kg,虎杖1.5kg,马鞭草1.5kg。取上述药材加8倍量水,煎煮提取2次,每次2h,合并煎液,滤过,滤液减压浓缩,干燥,加入适量糊精和甜菊素制成颗粒剂,密封包装。
实施例2
金银花0.6kg,紫苏0.75kg,杏仁0.6kg,前胡0.6kg,白前0.6kg,牛蒡子0.6kg,生石膏1.0kg,白茅根0.75kg,虎杖0.75kg,马鞭草0.75kg。取紫苏药材,粉碎并过2号目筛,称取药材粉末0.6kg,置于圆底烧瓶中,加水4800ml及沸石数粒,摇匀,照2015版中国药典挥发油测定法(通则2204)测定,保持微沸4h。收集挥发油和药液,提挥发油后药渣加6倍量水煎煮提取1次,药液合并浓缩至稠膏,得紫苏浸膏。挥发油用4倍的β-环糊精包合备用。其余原料药加10倍水煎煮提取3次,合并煎液,滤过,滤液减压浓缩至稠膏,与上述紫苏浸膏、挥发油包合物和适量淀粉,制成胶囊剂,密封包装。
实施例3
金银花0.8kg,紫苏1.8kg,杏仁0.9kg,前胡1.6kg,白前1.6kg,牛蒡子1.2kg,生石膏2.6kg,白茅根1.5kg,虎杖1.5kg,马鞭草1.6kg。取上述药材加8倍量50%乙醇回流提取3次,提取液滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩,干燥,加入适量微晶纤维素和淀粉,制成片剂,密封包装。
实施例4
金银花1.6kg,紫苏3.6kg,杏仁1.8kg,前胡3.2kg,白前3.2kg,牛蒡子2.4kg,生石膏5.2kg,白茅根3.0kg,虎杖3.0kg,马鞭草3.2kg。取上述药材加6倍量80%乙醇回流提取2次,提取液滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩,干燥,得醇提干浸膏。药渣再加8倍量水煎煮提取2次,提取液滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩,干燥,得水提干浸膏。混合醇提干浸膏和水提干浸膏。加入适量糊精,制成丸剂,密封包装。
实施例5
金银花1.6kg,紫苏1.8kg,杏仁1.8kg,前胡0.8kg,白前1.0kg,牛蒡子1.0kg,生石膏2.0kg,白茅根1.5kg,虎杖2.5kg,马鞭草2.0kg。取上述紫苏、前胡、白前、牛蒡子、虎杖、马鞭草,加10倍量70%乙醇回流提取3次,提取液滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩至稠膏。金银花、杏仁、生石膏、白茅根加10倍量水煎煮提取2次,提取液滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩至稠膏,与上述醇提浸膏加入适量淀粉,制成胶囊剂,密封包装。
实施例6
金银花1.5kg,紫苏2.0kg,杏仁1.5kg,前胡1.5kg,白前1.8kg,牛蒡子2.4kg,生石膏1.2kg,白茅根1.8kg,虎杖1.6kg,马鞭草2.5kg。
1.取金银花1.5kg,用8倍量水提取3次,每次2h,提取液滤过,合并滤液;减压浓缩,浓缩液pH值调至3后作为上样液。取1.0kg预处理的AB-8型大孔树脂装柱,上样,先用去离子水洗除杂,再用50%乙醇洗脱3倍树脂体积,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩,冷冻干燥,即得有机酸组分。
2.取紫苏2.0kg,加石油醚超声提取5次,合并提取液,减压挥干石油醚,收集挥发油。挥发油用6倍的β-环糊精包合备用。药渣8倍量水提取,提取2次,每次3h,提取液滤过,合并滤液,滤液浓缩至比重为1.05-1.10(60℃),作为上样液。取1.0kg预处理的XDA-6型大孔树脂装柱,上样,先用去离子水洗除杂,再用50%乙醇洗脱4倍树脂体积,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩,干燥,即得迷迭香酸组分。
3.取苦杏仁1.5kg放置烘箱中80℃高温灭酶2小时,粉碎,用6倍量90%乙醇提取3次,浓缩,静置24小时结晶。将结晶液过滤,得到淡黄色的苦杏仁苷晶体。将该晶体用20倍的无水乙醇加热溶解,静置24小时,然后过滤,重结晶,得苦杏仁苷类组分。
4.取前胡药材1.5kg,用8倍量85%的乙醇,提取3次,每次2h,提取液滤过,合并滤液,减压回收乙醇至无醇味,作为上样液。取1.0kg预处理的D-101型大孔树脂装柱,上样,先用去离子水洗除杂,再用90%乙醇洗脱4倍树脂体积,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩,干燥,即得香豆素组分。
5.取白前药材1.8kg,用10倍量80%的乙醇,提取2次,每次3h,提取液滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩,干燥,即得白前醇提取物。
6.取牛蒡子粗粉2.4kg,用6倍量70%的乙醇,提取3次,每次3h,提取液滤过,合并滤液,减压回收乙醇至无醇味,作为上样液。取1.5kg预处理的HPD100型大孔吸附树脂装柱,上样,先用去离子水洗除杂,再用80%乙醇洗脱4倍树脂体积,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩,干燥,即得木质素类组分。
7.取1.2kg生石膏,粉碎,过100目筛,备用。
8.取白茅根1.8kg,加15倍量水提取3次,每次1.5h,提取液滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩,浓缩至比重0.9-1.10,加6倍量的85%乙醇醇沉,静置,弃上清,得多糖组分。
9.取虎杖1.6kg,用80%乙醇提取2次,回收乙醇至比重1.0以上,取1.0kg预处理的D101大孔树脂装柱,上样,先用去离子水洗除杂,分别用50%乙醇和80%乙醇各洗脱3倍树脂体积,收集乙醇洗脱液,浓缩干燥得虎杖组分。
10.取马鞭草2.5kg,加8倍量80%的乙醇,提取3次,每次2h,提取液滤过,合并滤液,减压回收乙醇至无醇味,作为上样液。取1.5kg预处理的D101型大孔树脂装柱,上样,先用去离子水洗除杂,再用70%乙醇洗脱4倍树脂体积,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩,干燥,即得黄酮类组分。
取上述各药味组分和浸膏以及生石膏原粉,加入适量糊精,制成浓缩丸,密封包装。
实施例7
金银花1.2kg,紫苏2.5kg,杏仁2.0kg,前胡1.8kg,白前0.6kg,牛蒡子2.0kg,生石膏1.0kg,白茅根2.4kg,虎杖1.5kg,马鞭草2.4kg。
1.取金银花1.2kg,用6倍量水提取2次,每次3h,提取液滤过,合并滤液;减压浓缩,浓缩液pH值调至2后作为上样液。取1.0kg预处理的DM-101型大孔树脂装柱,上样,先用去离子水洗除杂,再用50%乙醇洗脱4倍树脂体积,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩,冷冻干燥,即得有机酸组分。
2.取紫苏2.5kg,室温下用10倍量乙醚浸泡3次,浸泡时间24h/次,合并提取液,减压挥干乙醚,收集挥发油。挥发油用5倍的β-环糊精包合备用。药渣6倍量水提取,提取3次,每次3h,提取液滤过,合并滤液,滤液浓缩至比重为1.05-1.10(60℃),作为上样液。取1.5kg预处理的XL-68M型大孔树脂装柱,上样,先用去离子水洗除杂,再用50%乙醇洗脱4倍树脂体积,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩,干燥,即得迷迭香酸组分。
3.取破碎后苦杏仁2.0kg,用10倍量水提取2次,每次1.5h,提取液滤过,合并滤液;滤液浓缩至1.0-1.15(60℃),作为上样液。取1.5kg预处理的HPD722大孔树脂装柱,上样,先用去离子水洗除杂,再用50%乙醇洗脱3倍树脂体积,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩,干燥,即得苦杏仁苷组分。
4.取前胡1.8kg、牛蒡子2.0kg、虎杖1.5kg、马鞭草2.4kg,用8倍量80%的乙醇,提取3次,每次1.5h,提取液滤过,合并滤液,减压回收乙醇至无醇味,作为上样液。取5.0kg预处理的AB-8大孔树脂装柱,上样,先用去离子水洗除杂,再用80%乙醇洗脱4倍树脂体积,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩,干燥,即得前胡、牛蒡子、虎杖、马鞭草混合组分。
5.取白前药材0.6kg,用8倍量70%的乙醇,提取3次,每次1h,提取液滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩,干燥,即得白前醇提取物。
6.取1.0kg生石膏,粉碎,过100目筛,备用。
7.取白茅根2.4kg,加10倍量水提取3次,每次2h,提取液滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩,浓缩至比重0.9-1.10,加8倍量的90%乙醇醇沉,静置,弃上清,得多糖组分。
取上述各药味组分和浸膏以及生石膏原粉,加入适量糊精,制成片剂,密封包装。
实施例8
金银花1.2kg,紫苏叶1.5kg,杏仁1.2kg,前胡1.2kg,白前1.2kg,牛蒡子1.2kg,生石膏2.0kg,白茅根1.5kg,虎杖1.5kg,马鞭草1.5kg。以上十味,紫苏叶加8倍量水,水蒸气蒸馏提取挥发油6小时,挥发油和水液备用,药渣加金银花、杏仁、生石膏、白茅根加6倍量水回流提取2次,每次1小时,水提液和挥发油提取水液合并,减压浓缩至比重1.03~1.07(60℃),作为水提浓缩液备用;前胡、白前、牛蒡子、虎杖、马鞭草五味加6倍量75%乙醇回流提取2次,每次1小时,提取液合并,减压浓缩至比重1.03~1.07(60℃),与水提浓缩液合并,继续浓缩至比重1.20~1.30(60℃),加入挥发油,混合均匀。制成膏剂,密封包装。
实施例9
金银花1.2kg、紫苏叶1.5kg、杏仁1.2kg、前胡1.2kg、白前1.2kg、
牛蒡子1.2kg、生石膏2.0kg、白茅根1.5kg、虎杖1.5kg、马鞭草1.5kg
以上十味,加6倍量水回流提取2次,每次1小时,水提液合并,减压浓缩至比重1.20~1.30(60℃),即得浸膏。
实施例10
金银花12kg、紫苏叶15kg、杏仁12kg、前胡12kg、白前12kg、
牛蒡子12kg、生石膏20kg、白茅根15kg、虎杖15kg、马鞭草15kg
以上十味,紫苏叶加8倍量水,水蒸气蒸馏提取挥发油6小时,得到挥发油A和水液B,药渣加金银花、杏仁、生石膏、白茅根加6倍量水回流提取2次,每次1小时,得到的水提液和水液B合并,减压浓缩至比重1.03~1.07(60℃),作为水提浓缩液C;
前胡、白前、牛蒡子、虎杖、马鞭草五味加6倍量75%乙醇回流提取2次,每次1小时,提取液合并,减压浓缩至比重1.03~1.07(60℃),得到浓缩液D,浓缩液D与水提浓缩液C合并,继续浓缩至比重1.20~1.30(60℃),加入挥发油A,混合均匀,即得浸膏。
实施例11
金银花1.9kg,紫苏2.3kg,杏仁1.9kg,前胡1.8kg,白前1.8kg,牛蒡子1.8kg,生石膏4.0kg,白茅根2.3kg,虎杖3.0kg,马鞭草2.3kg
以上十味,紫苏叶加5倍量水,水蒸气蒸馏提取挥发油10小时,挥发油A和水液B,药渣加金银花、杏仁、生石膏、白茅根加10倍量水回流提取1次,每次3小时,水提液和挥水液B合并,减压浓缩至比重1.03~1.07(60℃),作为水提浓缩液C;
前胡、白前、牛蒡子、虎杖、马鞭草五味加10倍量50%乙醇回流提取3次,每次1小时,提取液合并,减压浓缩至比重1.03~1.07(60℃),得到浓缩液D,浓缩液D与水提浓缩液C合并,继续浓缩至比重1.20~1.30(60℃),加入挥发油A,混合均匀,加入辅料,干燥,制成片剂。
实施例12
金银花8kg,紫苏10kg,杏仁8kg,前胡8kg,白前8kg,牛蒡子8kg,生石膏13kg,白茅根10kg,虎杖10kg,马鞭草10kg
以上十味,紫苏叶加10倍量水,水蒸气蒸馏提取挥发油5小时,挥发油A和水液B,药渣加金银花、杏仁、生石膏、白茅根加10倍量水回流提取3次,每次1小时,水提液和挥水液B合并,减压浓缩至比重1.03~1.07(60℃),作为水提浓缩液C;
前胡、白前、牛蒡子、虎杖、马鞭草五味加5倍量95%乙醇回流提取1次,每次3小时,提取液合并,减压浓缩至比重1.03~1.07(60℃),得到浓缩液D,浓缩液D与水提浓缩液C合并,继续浓缩至比重1.20~1.30(60℃),加入挥发油A,混合均匀,加入辅料,干燥,制成丸剂。
实施例13
金银花8kg,紫苏23kg,杏仁19kg,前胡8kg,白前18kg,牛蒡子18kg,生石膏40kg,白茅根23kg,虎杖10kg,马鞭草23kg
以上十味,紫苏叶加8倍量水,水蒸气蒸馏提取挥发油6小时,挥发油A和水液B,药渣加金银花、杏仁、生石膏、白茅根加6倍量水回流提取2次,每次1小时,水提液和挥水液B合并,减压浓缩至比重1.03~1.07(60℃),作为水提浓缩液C;
前胡、白前、牛蒡子、虎杖、马鞭草五味加3倍量75%乙醇回流提取2次,每次1小时,提取液合并,减压浓缩至比重1.03~1.07(60℃),得到浓缩液D,浓缩液D与水提浓缩液C合并,继续浓缩至比重1.20~1.30(60℃),加入挥发油A,混合均匀,加入辅料,干燥,制成胶囊。
实施例14
金银花8kg,紫苏10kg,杏仁8kg,前胡8kg,白前8kg,牛蒡子8kg,生石膏13kg,白茅根10kg,虎杖10kg,马鞭草10kg
以上十味,紫苏叶加8倍量水,水蒸气蒸馏提取挥发油6小时,挥发油A和水液B,药渣加金银花、杏仁、生石膏、白茅根加6倍量水回流提取2次,每次1小时,水提液和挥水液B合并,减压浓缩至比重1.03~1.07(60℃),作为水提浓缩液C;
前胡、白前、牛蒡子、虎杖、马鞭草五味加6倍量85%乙醇回流提取2次,每次1小时,提取液合并,减压浓缩至比重1.03~1.07(60℃),得到浓缩液D,浓缩液D与水提浓缩液C合并,继续浓缩至比重1.20~1.30(60℃),加入挥发油A,混合均匀,加入辅料,干燥,制成颗粒剂。
实施例15
金银花1.7kg,紫苏1.8kg,杏仁1.4kg,前胡1.7kg,白前1.4kg,牛蒡子1.4kg,生石膏2.8kg,白茅根1.8kg,虎杖2.1kg,马鞭草1.8kg
以上十味,加10倍量水回流提取2次,每次1小时,水提液合并,减压浓缩至比重1.20~1.30(60℃),加入辅料制成,制成口服溶液。
实施例16
金银花7kg,紫苏9kg,杏仁7kg,前胡7kg,白前7kg,牛蒡子7kg,生石膏12kg,白茅根9kg,虎杖9kg,马鞭草9kg
以上十味,加8倍量水回流提取2次,每次1小时,水提液合并,减压浓缩至比重1.20~1.30(60℃),加入辅料,制成滴丸。
实施例17
金银花4.2kg,紫苏3.0kg,杏仁2.4kg,前胡2.4kg,白前2.4kg,牛蒡子3.0kg,生石膏6.0kg,白茅根3.0kg,虎杖3.8kg,马鞭草3.0kg
以上十味,加6倍量水回流提取3次,每次1小时,水提液合并,减压浓缩至比重1.20~1.30(60℃),加入辅料制成片剂。
以下通过实验数据进一步说明本发明的有益效果:
以下实验样品来源于依照实施例9、实施例10获得的浸膏
一、毒性实验:
方法:将50只SPF级ICR小鼠随机分为5组,分别为对照组(等体积去离子水)、实施例9浸膏-L组(24.0g浸膏/kg)、实施例9浸膏-H组(30.0g浸膏/kg)、实施例10浸膏-L组(22.4g浸膏/kg)和实施例10浸膏-H组(28.0g浸膏/kg),雌雄各半。实验各组动物按40mL/kg单次灌胃给予相应受试物。给药当天药后观察1小时,此后每天观察1次,同时定期称量体重,恢复观察14天后对所有动物进行大体解剖检查。
结果:对照组小鼠未见异常。在给药当天,实施例10浸膏-L组和实施例10浸膏-H组部分小鼠在给药后约5分钟开始出现自主活动减少,实施例10浸膏-H组发现多数雌性小鼠出现俯卧及个别小鼠闭目,实施例9浸膏-L组、实施例9浸膏-H组、实施例10浸膏-L组和实施例10浸膏-H组部分小鼠在给药后0.5~1小时出现稀便。至给药后1~2小时,除实施例10浸膏-H组个别小鼠依旧自主活动减少、俯卧外,给药各组其余小鼠均恢复正常。给药次日,发现实施例10浸膏-H组1只雌性小鼠死亡。在给药后第1~14天的观察期内,各组小鼠体重均稳定增长,与对照组相比较,实施例9浸膏-L组和实施例9浸膏-H组小鼠总体体重略高于对照组,除实施例9浸膏-L组雄性小鼠在给药后第3天体重(P<0.05)和实施例9浸膏-H组雄性小鼠在给药后第3~14天体重与对照组有统计差异(P<0.05)外,其它各组体重与对照组无统计学差异(P>0.05)。同时,除实施例10浸膏-H组1只雌性小鼠死亡外,试验期间各组其余小鼠未见异常,药后14天大体解剖各脏器组织未见肉眼可见的明显异常改变。
结论:在本实验条件下,实施例9浸膏对小鼠单次灌胃给药的最大耐受量(MTD)为30.0g浸膏/kg,相当于128.1g生药/kg,为临床拟用量的55倍。实施例10浸膏对小鼠单次灌胃给药的最大耐受量(MTD)、最小致死量(MLD)分别为22.4、28.0g浸膏/kg,分别相当于69.4、86.8g生药/kg,分别为临床拟用量的30、37倍。
二、药效实验
1、采用二甲苯诱发的小鼠急性耳肿胀模型,以评价本发明药物的抗炎作用
目的:本研究采用二甲苯诱发的小鼠急性耳肿胀模型,以评价本发明的抗炎作用。
方法:70只ICR小鼠适应期结束后,按体重随机分为7组,分别为:正常组,模型组,阳性药组,实施例9浸膏高、低两个剂量组,实施例10浸膏高、低两个剂量组。各组小鼠分别灌胃相应的受试物,正常组和模型组灌胃蒸馏水,连续给药7d。于第7d灌胃给药后30min,将每只小鼠右耳的前后面均匀涂抹30ul的致炎剂二甲苯,左耳不作任何处理。造模30min后,将小鼠颈椎脱臼处死,沿小鼠耳廓基线剪下双耳,并用6mm直径的打孔器分别在左右两耳相同位置打下圆耳片,立即用分析天平准确称量左右耳片重量,计算耳片肿胀抑制率。
对二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀的影响(x±s,n=10)
组别 | 体重(g) | 左耳重(mg) | 右耳重(mg) | 肿胀率(%) | 抑制率(%) |
正常组 | 30.5±1.2 | 8.5±0.8 | 8.4±1.4 | -0.2±14.9 | --- |
模型组 | 29.0±1.2 | 8.4±1.3 | 19.6±2.1 | 142.5±17.5## | --- |
阳性药组(阿司匹林) | 29.4±1.9 | 8.6±1.1 | 18.6±2.1 | 120.5±43.5 | 15.4 |
实施例9浸膏(低剂量) | 30.6±1.0 | 7.8±0.8 | 17.3±2.1 | 118.8±26.5* | 16.6 |
实施例9浸膏(高剂量) | 27.4±1.5* | 7.6±0.8 | 15.5±2.2 | 109.9±25.8** | 22.9 |
实施例10浸膏(低剂量) | 30.4±1.1 | 7.9±0.7 | 16.4±2.8 | 110.7±46.2 | 22.3 |
实施例10浸膏(高剂量) | 29.2±1.1 | 7.6±0.7 | 13.4±2.5 | 75.6±31.7** | 47.0 |
注:与正常组比较,#P<0.05,##P<0.01;与模型组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01
结果:模型组的平均肿胀率为142.5%,表明二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀模型成功。实施例9浸膏高剂量组(13.4g浸膏/kg)、低剂量组(6.7g浸膏/kg)、实施例10浸膏高剂量组(13.4g浸膏/kg)均能抑制二甲苯所致的小鼠耳肿胀(P<0.05vs模型组),肿胀抑制率分别为22.9%、16.6%、47.0%。
结论:实施例9浸膏、实施例10浸膏均能抑制二甲苯所致的小鼠耳肿胀,抗炎作用明显。
2、采用环磷酰胺诱导的免疫功能低下小鼠模型,以本发明药物调节免疫力的作用
目的:本研究采用环磷酰胺诱导的免疫功能低下小鼠模型,以评价本发明调节免疫力的作用。
方法:60只ICR小鼠适应期结束后,按体重随机分为6组,分别为:正常组,模型组,实施例9浸膏高、低两个剂量组,实施例10浸膏高、低两个剂量组。新冠方各给药组的低剂量均为临床等效剂量,高剂量均为临床等效剂量的2倍。各组小鼠分别灌胃相应的受试物,正常组灌胃蒸馏水,连续给药14d。实验第11d开始,除正常组外,其余组的每只小鼠均腹腔注射80mg/kg的环磷酰胺0.2ml,连续造模3d。实验结束的前一天,所有小鼠禁食不禁水。实验当天各组小鼠灌胃相应的受试物30min后,进行眼球采血,小鼠颈椎处死解剖取其胸腺和脾脏并称重,计算胸腺指数和脾脏指数。小鼠全血3500r/min离心10min得到血清,对血清中免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、干扰素γ(INF-γ)进行含量测定。
对免疫功能低下小鼠胸腺指数、脾脏指数及血清IgG、IFN-γ的影响(x±s,n=10)
组别 | 体重(g) | 胸腺指数 | 脾脏指数 | IgG(mg/ml) | IFN-γ(pg/ml) |
正常组 | 29.6±1.4 | 1.77±0.45 | 3.53±0.41 | 15.68±1.00 | 651.2±42.4 |
模型组 | 30.1±1.2 | 0.72±0.19## | 2.05±0.29## | 14.37±1.53# | 634.2±51.0 |
实施例9浸膏(低剂量) | 31.0±1.6 | 0.92±0.19* | 2.39±0.26* | 14.40±0.83 | 592.0±46.7 |
实施例9浸膏(高剂量) | 30.0±2.7 | 0.85±0.17 | 2.26±0.31 | 15.20±0.95 | 666.6±35.8 |
实施例10浸膏(低剂量) | 30.5±2.2 | 1.03±0.25** | 2.37±0.35* | 14.76±0.80 | 647.0±34.4 |
实施例10浸膏(高剂量) | 30.9±1.9 | 0.94±0.17* | 2.22±0.35 | 16.95±1.80** | 758.7±54.6** |
注:与正常组比较,#P<0.05,##P<0.01;与模型组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01
结果:①胸腺、脾脏指数:实施例9浸膏低剂量组(6.7g浸膏/kg)、实施例10浸膏低剂量组(9.3g浸膏/kg)、实施例10浸膏高剂量组(13.4g浸膏/kg),均能增加小鼠胸腺指数和脾脏指数(P<0.05或P<0.01vs模型组)。②免疫球蛋白G:实施例10浸膏高剂量组(13.4g浸膏/kg),能增加小鼠血清IgG含量(P<0.05或P<0.01vs模型组)。③干扰素γ:实施例10浸膏高剂量组(13.4g浸膏/kg)均能增加小鼠血清IFN-γ含量(P<0.05或P<0.01vs模型组)。
结论:
实施例9浸膏、实施例10浸膏均能增加小鼠胸腺指数和脾脏指数,增加小鼠血清IgG、IFN-γ含量,增加免疫力作用明显。
Claims (3)
1.一种中药组合物在用于制备抗炎和增强免疫药物的用途,其特征在于所述中药组合物原料药的重量比为金银花8-17份,紫苏10-18份,杏仁8-14份,前胡8-17份,白前8-14份,牛蒡子8-14份,生石膏13-28份,白茅根10-18份,虎杖10-21份,马鞭草10-18份;
其中所述中药组合物的制备方法如下:取组合物全部原料药加水煎煮提取1~3次,提取液浓缩至稠膏,制成药学上可接受的剂型;或者,
1)紫苏叶加水,水蒸气蒸馏提取挥发油,得到挥发油A和水液B,药渣加金银花、杏仁、生石膏、白茅根加水回流提取,得到的水提液和水液B合并,减压浓缩,作为水提浓缩液C;2)前胡、白前、牛蒡子、虎杖、马鞭草五味加乙醇回流提取1-3次,提取液合并,减压浓缩,得到浓缩液D,3)将步骤2得到的浓缩液D与步骤1得到的水提浓缩液C合并,继续浓缩,加入步骤1得到的挥发油A,混合均匀,加入适量辅料,制成药学上可接受的剂型。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述中药组合物还包含可药用辅料和任选的包衣材料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述中药组合物制备成中药制剂;所述中药制剂为片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、丸剂或糖浆剂。
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