CN114175888A - Planting method for preventing and treating eggplant verticillium wilt - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement by using bamboo charcoal, and particularly relates to a planting method for preventing and treating eggplant verticillium wilt, which comprises the following steps: step one, selecting eggplant seeds for soaking; step two, carrying out temperature-changing treatment on the eggplant seeds after soaking; step three, preparing a seedling culture substrate for eggplant seeds; and step four, planting the eggplant seedlings. The invention has the beneficial effects that the soil is improved by adding the bamboo charcoal, the pH value of the soil can be improved, the elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and the like in the soil are enriched, and the content of heavy metals such as zinc, copper and the like is reduced; the porosity and the volume weight of soil are improved, the growth period of plants is prolonged, and the high temperature resistance and the drought resistance of the plants are enhanced; the germination mode of the seeds has obvious influence on the length change of the hairy roots, hairy leaves and stems and leaves of the eggplants, not only contains a part of mineral substances required by biological growth, but also can keep good nutrition balance.

Description

Planting method for preventing and treating eggplant verticillium wilt

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement by using bamboo charcoal, and particularly relates to a planting method for preventing and treating eggplant verticillium wilt.

Background

Plant diseases refer to the phenomenon that plants generate a series of pathological changes in form, physiology and biochemistry under the influence of biological or non-biological factors, and the normal growth and development processes are blocked, so that the economic benefit of human beings is influenced. Eggplant verticillium wilt mainly damages the root and stem parts, and can occur in both seedling stage and adult plant stage. The disease is infected in the seedling stage, the cotyledon gradually withers and withers after yellowing, and the stem base part becomes brown and decays, so that cataplexy withering is easily caused. The roots and stems of the plants are infected with diseases at the adult stage, the leaves of the plants are wilted and droop at noon at the beginning, the leaves are recovered to be normal again in the morning and evening, the color of the leaves is light and is similar to that of water, after the leaves are repeatedly used for a plurality of days, the whole leaves are gradually wilted and droop, the leaves are not restored any more, the wilting is caused, and finally the whole plants die. For controlling eggplant verticillium wilt, carbendazim or hymexazol is commonly adopted in agricultural production, but pesticide residue and environmental pollution urgently await the emergence of a new method for controlling verticillium wilt.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a planting method for preventing and treating eggplant verticillium wilt, which aims to solve the problems that pesticide residues such as carbendazim or hymexazol and environmental pollution exist in the existing method for preventing and treating eggplant verticillium wilt.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a planting method for preventing and treating eggplant verticillium wilt, which comprises the following steps:

step one, selecting eggplant seeds for soaking;

step two, carrying out temperature-changing treatment on the eggplant seeds after soaking;

step three, preparing a seedling culture substrate for eggplant seeds;

and step four, planting the eggplant seedlings.

In the planting method for preventing and treating the eggplant verticillium wilt, as an optional scheme, the eggplant seeds are selected and soaked in the step one, and the method specifically comprises the steps of soaking the eggplant seeds in warm water at 55-60 ℃ for 15-20 minutes; then soaking the seeds in water at the temperature of 30 ℃ for 8-10 h.

In the planting method for preventing and treating eggplant verticillium wilt, as an optional scheme, the eggplant seeds are subjected to temperature change treatment after being soaked in the step two, and the method specifically comprises the steps of taking out the soaked seeds and placing the seeds in a culture dish of 180mm, placing filter paper on the surface and the bottom of the eggplant seeds, adding water to moisten the eggplant seeds, and placing the eggplant seeds in an incubator to perform temperature change treatment at 24 ℃ and 28 ℃.

In the planting method for preventing and treating eggplant verticillium wilt, as an optional scheme, the seedling culture substrate for eggplant seeds is prepared in the third step, and the method specifically comprises the steps of selecting a moso bamboo forest with the age of three years, cutting down in winter, drying in the shade for 3-4 days, sawing into short cylinders, loading into a kiln, and calcining at a high temperature of 950 ℃ to obtain bamboo charcoal; then the bamboo charcoal and the soil are prepared according to the weight ratio of 1:30-1: 40.

In the planting method for preventing and treating the eggplant verticillium wilt, as an optional scheme, the eggplant seedlings are planted in the fourth step, and the method specifically comprises the steps of selecting the eggplant seedlings which are subjected to germination acceleration in the same batch and have the same growth environment, and planting the eggplant seedlings in a seedling culture medium which is uniformly mixed by bamboo charcoal and soil.

In the planting method for preventing and treating eggplant verticillium wilt, as an optional scheme, the bamboo forest cut down in winter is sawed into short cylindrical shapes after being dried in the shade for 3 days and then is placed in a kiln.

In the planting method for preventing and treating eggplant verticillium wilt, as an optional scheme, the felled moso bamboos are dried in the shade, the withered branches and rotten leaves are removed, and then the length of the moso bamboos is sawed to be 30-40 cm.

In the planting method for preventing and treating eggplant verticillium wilt, as an optional scheme, the bamboo charcoal is obtained by high-temperature calcination at 950 ℃, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

performing primary refining at extreme, and maintaining at 150 deg.C for 4-6 days to completely dehydrate;

entering a blackening stage, heating to 300 ℃ after water loss, and fully tightening the carbon molecular structure of the carbon molecule after an obvious blackening phenomenon appears for 5 days;

entering a carbonization stage, then heating to 400 ℃, and continuing for 6 days to fully carbonize;

entering a refining stage, raising the temperature to 900 ℃ after carbonization, and keeping the process for 5 days to ensure that the product keeps stable performance and volume, and the density and strength are correspondingly improved;

and finally, naturally cooling to below 50 ℃ in a vacuum anoxic environment for 3 days to obtain the required bamboo charcoal.

The invention provides a planting method for preventing and treating eggplant verticillium wilt, which has the following beneficial effects:

1. the soil is improved by adding the bamboo charcoal, the pH value of the soil can be increased, the elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and the like in the soil are enriched, and the content of heavy metals such as zinc, copper and the like is reduced; the porosity and the volume weight of soil are improved, the growth period of plants is prolonged, and the high temperature resistance and the drought resistance of the plants are enhanced; the germination mode of the seeds has obvious influence on the length change of the hairy roots, hairy leaves and stems and leaves of the eggplants, not only contains a part of mineral substances required by biological growth, but also can keep good nutrition balance.

2. The invention defines the soil improvement effect of the bamboo charcoal and the immunity induction effect of the eggplant on the yellow blight, the soil is subjected to nutritional improvement by utilizing the bamboo charcoal, the bamboo charcoal has strong adsorption effect, harmful substances can be fully absorbed, soil microorganisms are regulated, the nutrient balance in the soil is ensured, the resistance to the yellow blight is improved, the morbidity is reduced, and the yield is improved; the method has the advantages of saving resources, utilizing wastes, effectively reducing the cost, having simple technical requirements, being easy to operate and accepted by farmers, and being convenient to popularize.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a planting method for controlling eggplant verticillium wilt disease provided by the embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with specific cases:

example 1:

as shown in figure 1, the invention provides a planting method for preventing and treating eggplant verticillium wilt, which comprises the following steps:

step one, selecting eggplant seeds for soaking; soaking eggplant seeds in warm water at 55-60 ℃ for 15-20 minutes; then soaking the seeds in water at the temperature of 30 ℃ for 8-10 h. Specifically, the method comprises soaking selected eggplant seeds in water at normal temperature for 30 min, replacing water at normal temperature for three times, removing impurities on the surface, and taking out the floating seeds. Scalding the seeds in warm water of 55-60 ℃ for 15-20 minutes after soaking, and continuously stirring the seeds during the period to stabilize the temperature. After the seed scalding is finished, adding normal temperature water into a beaker, placing the beaker in a light incubator at the temperature of 28-30 ℃, and soaking the seeds for 8-10 hours. The method is the most common method in the general cultivation process, can accelerate the seed imbibition and promote the metabolic process before germination, and has good germination accelerating effect.

Step two, carrying out temperature-changing treatment on the eggplant seeds after soaking; taking out the soaked seeds, placing in a culture dish of 180mm, placing filter paper on the surface and bottom of eggplant seeds, adding water to moisten the eggplant seeds, and placing in an incubator to carry out temperature change treatment at 24 ℃ and 28 ℃.

The specific implementation details are that after the seeds are soaked in the warm soup, a culture dish with the thickness of 180mm is taken out, a layer of filter paper is paved at the bottom of the culture dish and is wetted by water, then the seeds are uniformly placed on the filter paper of the culture dish, and a layer of filter paper is paved on the seeds to wet the seeds, wherein the reason for paving the filter paper is that the seeds can absorb sufficient water to ensure normal physiological activities of the seeds. After the seeds are well placed, the seeds are placed in a temperature-changing incubator with the temperature of 24 ℃ and the temperature of 28 ℃ which are set in advance, and the seeds are enabled to germinate after waiting for 4 to 5 days. Because the variable-temperature treatment of the vegetable seeds has the advantages of improving the germination rate of the seeds, sterilizing, reducing plant diseases and insect pests of crops in the seedling stage, reducing the use of pesticides and the like, the energy and financial resources of farmers in the early stage can be greatly reduced.

Step three, preparing a seedling culture substrate for eggplant seeds; selecting a moso bamboo forest of three-year bamboo age, cutting down in winter, drying in the shade for 3-4 days, sawing into a short cylinder, putting into a kiln, and calcining at a high temperature of 950 ℃ to obtain bamboo charcoal; then, bamboo charcoal and soil are prepared according to the weight ratio of 1:30-1: 40; the cut moso bamboo is dried in the shade, the dead branches and rotten leaves are removed, and then the moso bamboo is sawed into a length of 30-40 cm.

The bamboo charcoal is obtained by high-temperature calcination at 950 ℃, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: in the primary refining stage, the water is fully dehydrated at the temperature of about 150 ℃ for 4-6 days; entering a blackening stage, heating to 300 ℃ after water loss, and fully tightening the carbon molecular structure of the carbon molecule after an obvious blackening phenomenon appears for 5 days; entering a carbonization stage, then heating to 400 ℃, and continuing for 6 days to fully carbonize; entering a refining stage, raising the temperature to 900 ℃ after carbonization, and keeping the process for 5 days to ensure that the product keeps stable performance and volume, and the density and strength are correspondingly improved; and finally, naturally cooling to below 50 ℃ in a vacuum anoxic environment for 3 days to obtain the required bamboo charcoal.

Step four, planting eggplant seedlings; specifically, eggplant seedlings which are subjected to germination acceleration and have the same growth environment are selected from the same batch of treated seeds and are fixedly planted in a seedling culture medium which is uniformly mixed by bamboo charcoal and soil. Wherein, eggplant seedlings with 3-5 true leaves which are basically consistent in growth conditions and robust in growth are selected and planted in the seedling culture substrate prepared before.

Example 2: the inventor samples the soil in a certain city of Zhejiang province for years as experimental soil with the elevation of 300 meters and the gradient of 15 degrees, and adds bamboo charcoal into the soil for transformation.

(1) In 2020, Gaoshan moso bamboos of three years old are selected as raw materials in winter, and because the water content in the bamboo bodies of the three years old is reduced and the bamboo bodies stop growing, new bamboo shoots can emerge after the bamboo shoots are cut down soon, and the bamboo forests can be continuously updated. Sawing the felled moso bamboo into a section of 30-40cm cylinder, and placing in a shady and cool place with good ventilation condition of 10-20 deg.C for about 3 days to naturally volatilize water. The dried bamboos in the shade are placed into a kiln in order from long to short, from thick to thin and from big to small, and the kiln door is tightly closed. The water is fully dehydrated at the temperature of about 150 ℃ for 4-6 days, and the temperature is raised to 300 ℃ after the water is dehydrated, so that the carbon molecular structure of the carbon is fully tightened after the obvious blackening phenomenon appears, and the water lasts for about 5 days. And then heating to 400 ℃ for 6 days to fully carbonize the carbon, heating to 950 ℃ after carbonization, entering a final calcining stage, wherein the process lasts for about 5 days, so that the carbon is kept stable in performance and volume, and the density and the strength are correspondingly improved. And finally, naturally cooling to below 50 ℃ in a vacuum anoxic environment for about 3 days to obtain the required bamboo charcoal. When the storage is carried out, a dry, clean and ventilated environment is selected, so that the storage is prevented from being affected with damp.

(2) Searching eggplant plants with yellow blight in the field in 7 months in 2021, sampling, taking the eggplant plants back to a laboratory to extract pathogenic bacteria, continuously purifying, placing the extracted pathogenic bacteria in a culture dish, storing at 4 ℃, and then preparing fusarium oxysporum bacterial liquid.

(3) And 7, in 2021, culturing the germinated eggplant seeds in coconut coir, and placing the coconut coir in an incubator for seedling culture.

(4) 8/2021, according to soil: after carbon =0:0, 10:1, 30:1, 40:1 and 50:1 is prepared, fusarium oxysporum bacterial liquid is added to simulate the condition that soil in a field is polluted by fusarium oxysporum, and the soil is put into a nutrition pot, and sufficient water is ensured to enable the soil to naturally absorb water and keep moist.

(5) And in 8 months in 2021, after 3-5 true leaves grow out of the eggplant seedlings cultured in the matrix, the eggplant seedlings are fixedly planted in the nutrition pots, two eggplant seedlings are fixedly planted in each nutrition pot, and the eggplant seedlings are placed in an incubator for careful management.

(6) And in 9 months at 2021, collecting the cultured eggplant seedlings, measuring the plant height, stem thickness and chlorophyll content, comparing the plant height, stem thickness and chlorophyll content with those of the eggplant seedlings just planted, and finding that the eggplant seedlings are particularly soil: carbon =30:1-40:1 plant growth and disease resistance were best. See tables 1, 2 and 3 for details.

TABLE 1 comparison of the immunological induction effect of different bamboo charcoal (1)

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TABLE 2 comparison of the immunological induction effect of different bamboo charcoal (2)

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After bamboo charcoal is added into soil, the fact that the added bamboo charcoal is greener than a seedling raising substrate without the added bamboo charcoal in leaves, the chlorophyll content is highest, the seedling raising substrate grows faster and is stronger, the dry weight is increased by 37.12%, the fresh weight is increased by 28.53%, and particularly the soil: the carbon =30:1-40:1 has the most obvious effect of increasing, which shows that the addition of the bamboo charcoal promotes the growth of the eggplant.

Table 2 comparison of the immune induction resistance of eggplant verticillium wilt by using different bamboo charcoal dosages;

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after the bamboo charcoal is added into the soil, the disease level of eggplant seedlings is judged after the eggplant seedlings are planted, and according to results, the seedling raising substrate added with the bamboo charcoal is infected by fusarium oxysporum, the disease level of the eggplant seedlings is gradually reduced, the disease rate is reduced by 43.5 percent, and particularly the soil: the carbon =30:1-40:1 has the most obvious effect, which shows that the addition of the bamboo charcoal reduces the incidence rate of eggplant verticillium wilt, and the addition of the bamboo charcoal causes no pollution to the environment, so that the method is a feasible transformation method.

Claims (8)

1. A planting method for preventing and treating eggplant verticillium wilt is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step one, selecting eggplant seeds for soaking;

step two, carrying out temperature-changing treatment on the eggplant seeds after soaking;

step three, preparing a seedling culture substrate for eggplant seeds;

and step four, planting the eggplant seedlings.

2. The planting method for controlling eggplant verticillium wilt disease according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: selecting eggplant seeds to soak in the first step, and concretely comprises soaking the eggplant seeds in warm water at 55-60 ℃ for 15-20 minutes; then soaking the seeds in water at the temperature of 30 ℃ for 8-10 h.

3. The planting method for controlling eggplant verticillium wilt disease according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and step two, carrying out temperature change treatment on the eggplant seeds after soaking, and specifically comprising the steps of fishing out the soaked seeds, placing the seeds in a culture dish of 180mm, placing filter paper on the surface and the bottom of the eggplant seeds, adding water to moisten the eggplant seeds, and placing the eggplant seeds in an incubator to carry out temperature change treatment at 24 ℃ and 28 ℃.

4. The planting method for controlling eggplant verticillium wilt disease according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: preparing a seedling substrate for eggplant seeds in the third step, specifically, selecting a moso bamboo forest with the age of three years, cutting down in winter, drying in the shade for 3-4 days, sawing into short cylinders, loading into a kiln, and calcining at a high temperature of 950 ℃ to obtain bamboo charcoal; then the bamboo charcoal and the soil are prepared according to the weight ratio of 1:30-1: 40.

5. The planting method for controlling eggplant verticillium wilt disease according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and in the fourth step, eggplant seedlings are fixedly planted, wherein the eggplant seedlings which are subjected to germination acceleration and have the same growth environment are selected from the same batch of treated seeds and are fixedly planted in a seedling culture medium which is uniformly mixed by bamboo charcoal and soil.

6. The planting method for controlling eggplant verticillium wilt disease according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: and the bamboo forest cut down in winter is sawed into short cylinders after being dried in the shade for 3 days and then is loaded in a kiln.

7. The planting method for controlling eggplant verticillium wilt disease according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: and (3) drying the felled moso bamboos in the shade, removing dead branches and rotten leaves, and sawing into the length of 30-40 cm.

8. The planting method for controlling eggplant verticillium wilt disease according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: the bamboo charcoal is obtained by high-temperature calcination at 950 ℃, and specifically comprises the following steps:

in the primary refining stage, the water is fully dehydrated at the temperature of about 150 ℃ for 4-6 days;

entering a blackening stage, heating to 300 ℃ after water loss, and fully tightening the carbon molecular structure of the carbon molecule after an obvious blackening phenomenon appears for 5 days;

entering a carbonization stage, then heating to 400 ℃, and continuing for 6 days to fully carbonize;

entering a refining stage, raising the temperature to 900 ℃ after carbonization, and keeping the process for 5 days to ensure that the product keeps stable performance and volume, and the density and strength are correspondingly improved;

and finally, naturally cooling to below 50 ℃ in a vacuum anoxic environment for 3 days to obtain the required bamboo charcoal.

Images