CN114051940A - Cattle breeding fermentation bed and method for preparing organic fertilizer by fermenting cattle manure - Google Patents

Cattle breeding fermentation bed and method for preparing organic fertilizer by fermenting cattle manure Download PDF

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CN114051940A
CN114051940A CN202111485974.XA CN202111485974A CN114051940A CN 114051940 A CN114051940 A CN 114051940A CN 202111485974 A CN202111485974 A CN 202111485974A CN 114051940 A CN114051940 A CN 114051940A
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fermentation bed
organic fertilizer
cattle
fermentation
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CN114051940B (en
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胡萍
张功勋
杨秀花
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Guizhou Tianneng Biotechnology Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
    • A01K1/0152—Litter
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a cattle breeding fermentation bed and a method for preparing organic fertilizer by fermenting cattle manure by using the fermentation bed. The cattle breeding fermentation bed provided by the invention is composed of sawdust, cotton stalk coarse powder, peanut shell powder, bran, mixed bacteria liquid and a traditional Chinese medicine mixture extracting solution, and after the fermentation bed is used, sugar water and rice bran can be added again for fermentation to obtain a decomposed organic fertilizer. The fermentation bed can efficiently decompose the cattle manure, and the organic fertilizer prepared by the fermentation bed after use can meet the requirements of macroelements and microelements required by the growth of crops, so that the yield and the quality of the crops can be obviously improved. Meanwhile, the organic fertilizer provided by the invention can be used for effectively utilizing cow dung and breeding bed waste generated in the cow breeding process, so that the economic benefit can be improved, and the organic fertilizer is safe and environment-friendly.

Description

Cattle breeding fermentation bed and method for preparing organic fertilizer by fermenting cattle manure
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a cattle breeding fermentation bed and a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by fermenting cattle manure.
Background
The rapid development of animal husbandry is accompanied by the generation of a large amount of breeding wastes, particularly, the breeding concentration ratio of a large-scale farm is high, the generation and discharge of the wastes are relatively concentrated, the quantity of the wastes is large, the environmental pressure caused by the generation is increasingly large, and the pollution of livestock breeding becomes an important source of environmental pollution.
The treatment of cow dung in a cow farm is a big problem, because the water content of fresh cow dung is high and generally exceeds 80%, the fresh cow dung is difficult to accumulate and ferment, and the COD (chemical oxygen demand) of the cow dung is high, so that the cow dung can be used as fertilizer or other breeding materials only by virtue of a methane tank and a natural manure pit which need long fermentation time. The cow dung contains a large amount of bacteria, and if the bacteria are not treated in time, a large amount of flies and viruses are brought to a cow shed, so that once the cow is infected, the cow will get ill, and the breeding income is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, most medium and small cattle farms are basically not provided with professional environment-friendly treatment equipment and special excrement recycling equipment, and the cattle fermentation bed in the prior art is high in manufacturing cost, short in use period and poor in decomposition and fermentation capacity of cattle manure, contains more harmful pathogenic bacteria after being used, cannot be reused, and causes the phenomenon of discharge and pollution of the cattle manure in most medium and small cattle farms. Therefore, how to solve the problem of treating the manure of the cattle farm and improve the economic benefit by recycling the cattle manure is an important problem to be solved in the cattle breeding industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a fermentation bed for cattle breeding, which has high decomposition and fermentation capacity and efficiency for cattle manure.
The invention also aims to provide a method for preparing the organic fertilizer by fermenting and decomposing the cow dung through the cow breeding fermentation bed, the obtained organic fertilizer can meet the inorganic and organic nutrient components required by the growth of crops, the yield and the quality of the crops are improved, and the effective utilization of the cow breeding waste is realized.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a cattle breeding fermentation bed which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100-300 parts of sawdust, 100-300 parts of cotton stalk coarse powder, 200-400 parts of peanut shell powder, 50-100 parts of bran, 0.05-0.5 part of mixed bacterial liquid and 1-5 parts of traditional Chinese medicine mixture;
the mixed bacterial liquid is obtained by mixing cellulose decomposition bacteria N12, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus; the Chinese medicinal mixture comprises fructus Cnidii, herba Artemisiae Annuae, folium Artemisiae Argyi and cortex Lycii.
Preferably, the mixed bacterial liquid is prepared from cellulose decomposition bacteria N12: b, bacillus subtilis: the lactobacillus is obtained by mixing the lactobacillus according to the mass ratio of 1-3: 1-2.
Preferably, the cellulose decomposition bacteria N12 has an effective viable count of 1-9 × 108cfu/ml, the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis is 1-9 multiplied by 108cfu/ml, the effective viable count of lactobacillus is 1-9 multiplied by 108cfu/ml。
Preferably, the cnidium fruit: sweet wormwood herb: and (3) moxa: the cortex lycii radicis is mixed according to the mass ratio of 1-3: 1-2: 0.5-1.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the fermentation bed, which comprises the following steps:
mixing sawdust, cotton stalk coarse powder, peanut shell powder and bran in proportion to obtain a product I; adding 3-10 times of water by mass into the traditional Chinese medicine mixture, boiling, and filtering to obtain a product II; and laying the product I in a cattle shed, and spraying the product II and the mixed bacteria liquid to obtain the cattle breeding fermentation bed.
Preferably, the paving thickness of the product I is 15-22 cm.
The invention also provides a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by using the fermentation bed, which comprises the following steps: and adding 0.1-1 wt% of sugar water and 1-5 wt% of rice bran into the used fermentation bed, and performing sealed fermentation for 15-30 days to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer.
Preferably, the materials are stirred once after being fermented for 5-7 days in a sealing way.
Preferably, the fermentation bed is used for preparing the organic fertilizer after being used for 1-4 years.
The invention also provides the organic fertilizer prepared by the method, and the organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer according to 150-200 kg/mu.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the mixed bacteria liquid in the cattle breeding fermentation bed can effectively decompose substances such as cellulose in cattle manure, and the like, so that the degradation capacity and efficiency of the fermentation bed on the cattle manure are improved; meanwhile, the cattle breeding fermentation bed can effectively inhibit the growth and the propagation of pathogenic microorganisms in the cattle manure, reduce the bad smell of the cattle shed and improve the growth environment of cattle.
According to the invention, the used cattle fermentation bed is fermented and utilized again, so that the mixture of the fermentation bed raw materials and the cattle manure can be degraded to obtain various medium and trace elements and organic matters, reasonable nutrition collocation is provided for crops, the absorption rate of the crops to the fertilizer is improved, and the yield and the quality of the crops are improved. Meanwhile, the organic fertilizer obtained by the invention can also be used for loosening soil, improving the soil hardening condition, chelating trace elements in the soil and improving the soil fertility.
The invention recycles the cattle breeding waste, improves the economic benefit, solves the problem of the treatment of the manure in cattle farms, realizes an ecological breeding and planting mode combining cattle breeding and crop fertilization, and is suitable for large-scale production and utilization.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a cattle breeding fermentation bed which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100-300 parts of sawdust, 100-300 parts of cotton stalk coarse powder, 200-400 parts of peanut shell powder, 50-100 parts of bran, 0.05-0.5 part of mixed bacterial liquid and 1-5 parts of traditional Chinese medicine mixture.
Preferably, the cattle breeding fermentation bed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 150-200 parts of sawdust, 150-200 parts of cotton stalk coarse powder, 260-300 parts of peanut shell powder, 60-80 parts of bran, 0.2-0.4 part of mixed bacterial liquid and 2-4 parts of traditional Chinese medicine mixture.
In the invention, the mixed bacterial liquid is obtained by mixing cellulose decomposition bacteria N12, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus; preferably, the mixed bacterial liquid is prepared from cellulose decomposition bacteria N12: b, bacillus subtilis: the lactobacillus is obtained by mixing lactobacillus according to the mass ratio of 1-3: 1-2, and more preferably, the mass ratio of cellulose decomposition bacteria N12: b, bacillus subtilis: the mass ratio of the lactobacillus is 2:1: 1.
In the present invention, the number of viable cellulose decomposing bacteria N12 is 1 to 9X 108cfu/ml, the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis is 1-9 multiplied by 108cfu/ml, the effective viable count of lactobacillus is 1-9 multiplied by 108cfu/ml. Before each bacterial liquid is used, the bacterial liquids are respectively fed into the bacterial liquidThe activation culture is performed, and the specific activation method, culture method and culture medium type are not limited in the present invention.
According to the invention, the cellulose decomposition bacteria N12 are added to effectively decompose crude fiber and crude protein in the cow dung, so that the degradation rate of the cow dung and the decomposition speed in later-stage composting are improved. By combining the bacillus subtilis and the lactobacillus and taking nitrogen-free extract in the cow dung as a carbon source, the decomposition of the mixed bacterial liquid on various organic matters in the cow dung can be improved. Meanwhile, due to the addition of the mixed bacterial liquid, a competitive growth trend is formed with pathogenic bacteria in the cow dung, the growth of pathogenic microorganisms in the cow dung can be obviously reduced, the environment of the cow shed is improved, and the breeding of mosquitoes is reduced.
In the invention, the traditional Chinese medicine mixture comprises common cnidium fruit, sweet wormwood herb, wormwood herb and cortex lycii radicis. Preferably, the cnidium fruit: sweet wormwood herb: and (3) moxa: the cortex lycii radicis is mixed according to the mass ratio of 1-3: 1-2: 0.5-1. More preferably, cnidium fruit: sweet wormwood herb: and (3) moxa: the mass ratio of the cortex lycii radicis is 2:1:2: 0.6.
Fructus Cnidii, fruit of cnidium monnieri (L.) kurz belonging to cnidium of Umbelliferae, is pungent, bitter and warm in taste; it enters spleen and kidney meridians. Has the effects of warming kidney, strengthening yang, eliminating dampness, killing parasites, dispelling pathogenic wind and relieving itching. Mainly treats pudendum wet itch, eczema and mange; cold-dampness with leukorrhagia, damp arthralgia with lumbago; impotence due to kidney deficiency, infertility due to cold womb, etc.
Artemisia annua, the dry aerial part of Artemisia annua of Artemisia of Compositae, is bitter, pungent and cold in nature; it enters liver and gallbladder meridians. Has effects of clearing away deficiency heat, cooling blood, removing heat from the blood, relieving summer-heat, and preventing malaria. It can be used for treating yin injury due to pathogenic warm, night fever and early coolness, fever due to yin deficiency, fatigue and bone steaming, summer heat and exogenous pathogenic factor, fever and thirst, and malaria with chills and fever.
Mugwort, Artemisia of Compositae, is perennial herb or slightly half-shrub, the plant has strong fragrance, bitter, pungent and warm nature, and enters spleen, liver and kidney. The whole herb is used as a medicine and has the functions of warming channels, removing dampness, dispelling cold, stopping bleeding, diminishing inflammation, relieving asthma, relieving cough, preventing miscarriage, resisting allergy and the like.
Cortex Lycii is dry root bark of Lycium barbarum L or Lycium barbarum L of Lycium of Solanaceae. Has effects of cooling blood, removing heat, clearing lung-heat, and lowering fire. Can be used for treating fever due to yin deficiency, night sweat, bone steaming, cough due to lung heat, and hemorrhage due to blood heat.
The invention reasonably mixes the traditional Chinese medicines, plays the roles of killing insects, expelling parasites, resisting bacteria and viruses, inhibits the growth of pathogenic microorganisms on the fermentation bed, promotes the growth and the propagation of beneficial strains in the mixed bacterial liquid, has the function of disinfecting the fermentation bed, improves the degradation activity of the fermentation bed to cow dung, improves the breeding environment of the cow shed, reduces the bad smell of the cow shed, and improves the immunity and the disease resistance of cows.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the fermentation bed, which comprises the following steps:
mixing sawdust, cotton stalk coarse powder, peanut shell powder and bran in proportion to obtain a product I; adding 3-10 times of water by mass into the traditional Chinese medicine mixture, boiling, and filtering to obtain a product II; and laying the product I in a cattle shed, and spraying the product II and the mixed bacteria liquid to obtain the cattle breeding fermentation bed.
The specific sources of the sawdust, the cotton stalk coarse powder, the peanut shell powder and the bran are not limited, and the mixture is preferably sieved by a sieve of 5-10 meshes.
The water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine mixture prepared by the invention is used for spraying the fermentation bed. The preparation method comprises the steps of directly adding 3-10 times of water by mass into a traditional Chinese medicine mixture, boiling, keeping the water boiling for 30-35 min, and filtering to obtain a filtrate. Preferably, the addition amount of the water is 5-6 times of the mass of the traditional Chinese medicine mixture.
The prepared traditional Chinese medicine mixture water extract and mixed bacteria liquid are sprayed on the padding of the fermentation bed, as an optional implementation mode, the padding is uniformly laid in a cattle shed, the traditional Chinese medicine mixture water extract is sprayed once when the padding is laid for 5-8 cm, and then the mixed bacteria liquid is sprayed once; and then continuously paving padding materials to 15-22 cm, and spraying the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine mixture and the mixed bacteria liquid once again. The spraying sequence and the specific spraying mode of the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine mixture and the mixed bacteria liquid are not limited.
The thickness of the fermentation bed is 15-22 cm, and preferably 18-20 cm. The invention can ensure the fermentation space and the fermentation efficiency in unit area by controlling the thickness of the fermentation bed, degrade the cattle manure to the maximum extent, and simultaneously discharge harmful gas and water vapor generated in the fermentation process in time, thereby ensuring the environment in the cattle shed.
The invention does not limit the water content and temperature of the fermentation bed, and ensures that the cowshed is in a normal ventilation state and a certain illumination state.
After the fermentation bed is used for 1-4 years, preferably 2-3 years, the fermentation bed mixed with the cattle manure is completely eradicated from the cattle shed, and fermentation treatment is carried out again to prepare the fermentation bed organic fertilizer.
The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by fermenting the cow dung through the fermentation bed comprises the following steps: and adding 0.1-1 wt% of sugar water and 1-5 wt% of rice bran into the used fermentation bed, and performing sealed fermentation for 15-30 days to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer. The addition amount of the sugar water is preferably 0.5-0.8 wt% of the mass of the fermentation bed, the addition amount of the rice bran is preferably 2-3 wt% of the mass of the fermentation bed, and the sealed fermentation time is preferably 20-25 days.
The method is used for turning over the materials once in the middle stage of sealed fermentation of the organic fertilizer, and preferably, the materials are turned over once after 5-7 days of sealed fermentation. According to the invention, a large amount of air can be introduced by turning over the materials, and the temperature rise process can be carried out again in the subsequent sealed fermentation process, so that the purposes of effectively killing the insect and bacteria and quickly decomposing the materials are achieved.
As an optional implementation mode, the method uniformly mixes the used fermentation bed with rice bran, uniformly spreads sugar water, piles into strips with the height of about 1 meter and the width of 1-2 meters, and covers the strips with films for sealed fermentation. And opening the film to turn over the materials after fermenting for 5-7 days, stacking the materials into strips with the height of about 1 meter and the width of 1-2 meters again, and covering the films to perform sealed fermentation until the fermentation is finished.
The invention also provides the organic fertilizer prepared by the method, and the organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer according to 150-200 kg/mu. The organic fertilizer can replace a base fertilizer which is frequently used in crop planting, is less in fertilizer consumption, and obviously improves the yield and quality of crops.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as being limitations of the present inventionAnd (5) limiting the protection range. The effective viable count of cellulolytic bacteria N12 in the bacterial solution used in the examples was 5X 108cfu/ml, effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis is 5 × 108cfu/ml, effective viable count of 5X 10 of lactobacillus8cfu/ml, effective viable count of 5 × 108cfu/ml。
Example 1
This embodiment provides a fermentation bed is bred to ox, includes: 200kg of sawdust, 200kg of cotton stalk coarse powder, 260kg of peanut shell powder, 80kg of bran, 0.1kg of mixed bacterium liquid and 2kg of traditional Chinese medicine mixture; wherein the cellulose decomposition bacteria N12: b, bacillus subtilis: the mass ratio of lactobacillus is 2:1:1, and the mass ratio of fructus cnidii: sweet wormwood herb: and (3) moxa: the mass ratio of the cortex lycii radicis is 2:1:1: 0.5.
The preparation method of the fermentation bed comprises the following steps:
mixing fructus Cnidii, herba Artemisiae Annuae, folium Artemisiae Argyi and cortex Lycii, adding 10kg water, boiling, keeping water boiling for 30min, and filtering to obtain about 9.6kg filtrate; uniformly mixing sawdust, cotton stalk coarse powder, peanut shell powder and bran in proportion, paving in a cowshed, spraying 4.6kg of water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine mixture when the thickness of the mixture is about 6cm, and then spraying 0.05kg of mixed bacteria liquid; then continuously laying padding to 18cm, and spraying 5kg of the traditional Chinese medicine mixture water extract and 0.05kg of the mixed bacterial liquid again to obtain the cattle breeding fermentation bed.
Example 2
This embodiment provides a fermentation bed is bred to ox, includes: 150kg of sawdust, 200kg of cotton stalk coarse powder, 300kg of peanut shell powder, 60kg of bran, 0.2kg of mixed bacterium liquid and 1.5kg of traditional Chinese medicine mixture; wherein the cellulose decomposition bacteria N12: b, bacillus subtilis: the mass ratio of lactobacillus is 3:1:2, and the mass ratio of fructus cnidii: sweet wormwood herb: and (3) moxa: the mass ratio of the cortex lycii radicis is 3:1:2: 1.
The preparation method of the fermentation bed comprises the following steps:
mixing fructus Cnidii, herba Artemisiae Annuae, folium Artemisiae Argyi and cortex Lycii, adding 6kg water, boiling, keeping water boiling for 35min, and filtering to obtain filtrate 5.7 kg; uniformly mixing sawdust, cotton stalk coarse powder, peanut shell powder and bran in proportion, laying in a cowshed, and spraying 3kg of water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine mixture when the thickness of the mixture is about 10 cm; then, continuously paving padding to 20cm, and spraying 2.7kg of the water extract of the traditional Chinese medicine mixture and 0.2kg of the mixed bacteria liquid again to obtain the cattle breeding fermentation bed.
Example 3
This embodiment provides a fermentation bed is bred to ox, and the difference with embodiment 1 lies in:
the preparation method of the fermentation bed comprises the following steps:
mixing fructus Cnidii, herba Artemisiae Annuae, folium Artemisiae Argyi and cortex Lycii, adding 10kg water, boiling, keeping water boiling for 30min, and filtering to obtain about 9.6kg filtrate; uniformly mixing sawdust, cotton stalk coarse powder, peanut shell powder and bran in proportion to obtain padding, paving the padding in a cattle shed to be about 20cm thick, and then spraying the mixed bacterium liquid and the Chinese medicinal mixture water extract on the padding in sequence to obtain the cattle breeding fermentation bed.
Comparative example 1
The only difference from example 1 is: the same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the cellulose-decomposing bacterium N12 was replaced with an equal amount of the yeast bacterium solution.
Comparative example 2
The only difference from example 1 is: the procedure of example 1 was repeated except that the yeast solution was replaced with the same yeast solution without containing the Bacillus subtilis solution and the Lactobacillus solution.
Comparative example 3
The only difference from example 1 is: the traditional Chinese medicine mixture is prepared from common cnidium fruit: sweet wormwood herb: the weight ratio of the wormwood is 2:1:1, and the rest is the same as that in the example 1.
Comparative example 4
The only difference from example 1 is: the same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the root bark of lycium barbarum was replaced with the same amount of burdock.
Comparative example 5
The only difference from example 1 is: the amount of the Chinese medicinal mixture added was 10kg, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Example 4
This example uses a fermentation bed to perform a single factor experiment in a cattle farm. 9 cattle sheds are selected, cattle with equal density are bred in each cattle shed, the fermentation beds of the embodiments 1-3 are respectively adopted in the experimental groups 1-3, the fermentation beds of the comparative examples 1-5 are respectively adopted in the control groups 1-5, the fermentation beds are not used in the control group 6, the cattle manure is regularly cleaned every day, and the other breeding conditions are kept consistent.
After each group of cattle was bred for 1 year, the average growth condition and the cattle shed environment condition of each group of cattle were counted, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of growth status of cattle and cowshed environment status
Figure BDA0003397540310000071
Figure BDA0003397540310000081
In the control group 5, excrement is hardly degraded after 1 month of culture, cow dung is accumulated, flies in a cow shed are serious and have pungent odor, and if the cow dung is not cleaned, the culture is difficult to continue, and the experiment of the control group 5 is interrupted, probably because excessive addition of the extracting solution of the traditional Chinese medicine mixture inhibits the growth of beneficial strains.
As can be seen from Table 1, the cattle shed in the experimental groups 1-3 of the invention has no obvious peculiar smell or excrement particles, which shows that the fermentation bed of the invention can effectively degrade cattle excrement and improve the cattle breeding environment, and simultaneously, the cattle breeding environment is improved, the appetite of cattle is increased, the body is healthy, the weight is increased faster, and the monthly weight gain is increased by 10.37% compared with the conventional breeding mode (the control group 6). And the fermentation bed is adopted for cultivation, so that the labor cost for daily cleaning of the cattle shed is saved, and the problem that the cattle manure is difficult to treat is solved.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by fermenting cow dung through a fermentation bed, which comprises the following steps: adding 2 wt% rice bran into the fermentation bed after 1 year, mixing, and spraying 0.5 wt% brown sugar water. Piling up into strips with the height of 1 meter and the width of 1.2 meters, and covering with a film for sealed fermentation. After fermenting for 6 days, opening the film to turn over the materials, piling the materials into strips with the height of about 1 meter and the width of 1.2 meters again, and covering the films to carry out sealed fermentation for 12 days to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by fermenting cow dung through a fermentation bed, which comprises the following steps: adding 4 wt% rice bran into the fermentation bed used for 2 years, mixing, and spraying 0.8 wt% sugar water. Piling up into strips with the height of 1 meter and the width of 1.5 meters, and covering with a film for sealed fermentation. After fermenting for 10 days, opening the film to turn over the materials, piling the materials into strips with the height of about 1 meter and the width of 1.5 meters again, and covering the films to carry out sealed fermentation for 10 days to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer.
Example 7
The embodiment provides a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by fermenting cow dung through a fermentation bed, which comprises the following steps: adding 5 wt% rice bran into the fermentation bed used for 2 years, mixing, and spraying 0.5 wt% brown sugar water. Piling up into strips with the height of 1 meter and the width of 1.5 meters, and sealing and fermenting the covering films for 25 days to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer.
Example 8
By adopting the preparation method of the embodiment 5, the fermentation beds of the embodiments 1-2 and the comparative examples 1-5 are respectively used as raw materials to prepare the decomposed organic fertilizer which is marked as an experimental group 1-2 and a control group 1-5.
8 test fields with similar soil quality are selected to carry out single-factor experiments, decomposed organic fertilizers prepared by fermentation beds are correspondingly applied to the test fields of the test groups 1-2 and the control groups 1-5 respectively to serve as base fertilizers, and the fertilizing amount is 200 kg/mu. 300kg of fertilizer is applied to the control group 6 (the fertilizer is prepared by adding 2 wt% of rice bran and 0.5 wt% of brown sugar water into equal amount of cow dung and straws, mixing, spraying 1% of EM microbial inoculum, and sealing and fermenting for 20 days). The field management modes are the same except that the base fertilizer is applied differently.
The corn yield and corn quality of each test field were counted, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 maize yield and fruit quality
Figure BDA0003397540310000091
As can be seen from Table 2, the corn yield and corn quality in the experimental groups 1-2 are high, wherein the corn yield and corn quality of the experimental group 1 are highest, the yield reaches 800.4 kg/mu, the thousand kernel weight reaches 261.1g, and the crude protein content reaches 13.4%. Respectively increased by 12.76%, 19.95% and 3.6% compared with control group 6. The fermentation bed for cattle cultivation is fermented and decomposed, so that cattle manure can be further fermented on the basis that the fermentation bed decomposes the cattle manure, and the padding of the fermentation bed is fermented and degraded to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer with rich nutrients.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A fermentation bed is bred to ox, its characterized in that, by weight, includes: 100-300 parts of sawdust, 100-300 parts of cotton stalk coarse powder, 200-400 parts of peanut shell powder, 50-100 parts of bran, 0.05-0.5 part of mixed bacterial liquid and 1-5 parts of traditional Chinese medicine mixture;
the mixed bacterial liquid is obtained by mixing cellulose decomposition bacteria N12, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus; the Chinese medicinal mixture comprises fructus Cnidii, herba Artemisiae Annuae, folium Artemisiae Argyi and cortex Lycii.
2. The fermentation bed of claim 1, wherein the mixed bacterial liquid is prepared from cellulolytic bacteria N12: b, bacillus subtilis: the lactobacillus is obtained by mixing the lactobacillus according to the mass ratio of 1-3: 1-2.
3. The fermentation bed of claim 1, wherein the cellulolytic bacteria N12 has an effective viable count of 1-9 x 108cfu/ml, the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis is 1-9 multiplied by 108cfu/ml, the effective viable count of lactobacillus is 1-9 multiplied by 108cfu/ml。
4. The fermentation bed of claim 1, wherein the cnidium fruit: sweet wormwood herb: and (3) moxa: the cortex lycii radicis is mixed according to the mass ratio of 1-3: 1-2: 0.5-1.
5. A method for preparing a fermentation bed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
mixing sawdust, cotton stalk coarse powder, peanut shell powder and bran in proportion to obtain a product I; adding 3-10 times of water by mass into the traditional Chinese medicine mixture, boiling, and filtering to obtain a product II; and laying the product I in a cattle shed, and spraying the product II and the mixed bacteria liquid to obtain the cattle breeding fermentation bed.
6. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the paving thickness of the product I is 15-22 cm.
7. A method for preparing organic fertilizer by using the fermentation bed as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: and adding 0.1-1 wt% of sugar water and 1-5 wt% of rice bran into the used fermentation bed, and performing sealed fermentation for 15-30 days to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer.
8. The preparation method of claim 7, wherein the material is turned over once after the sealed fermentation is performed for 5 to 7 days.
9. The preparation method of claim 7, wherein the fermentation bed is used for preparing the organic fertilizer after being used for 1-4 years.
10. The organic fertilizer prepared by the method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer according to 150 to 200 kg/mu.
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