CN114027121A - Rice dry land ridge culture method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to a dry-land ridge cultivation method for rice. The method adopts a ridge culture mode to cultivate the rice in the dry land in a specific sowing period, and carries out field management such as reasonable fertilization, pest control and the like in the cultivation process. Compared with a control cultivation method, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the ear number, the ear grain number, the maturing rate, the thousand grain weight, the harvest index and the yield (P is less than 0.05) of the rice are obviously improved.

Description

Rice dry land ridge culture method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for rice dry land ridge culture.

Background

Fresh water is an essential resource in the growth and development process of crops, the shortage of fresh water resources is one of important factors which plague the development of food crops in the world, the water consumption of the traditional rice planting mode is as high as 1.2 ten thousand m3/hm2, the production coefficient of irrigation water is less than 1.0kg/m3, the water utilization rate is only 30 percent, and the world water utilization rate is as high as 60 to 70 percent.

The production development of rice affects the grain in China, the method has important strategic significance in the grain safety and development in China, the feasibility of improving the yield by increasing the rice planting area is not high, and the method for improving the yield of rice by optimizing the cultivation mode to achieve the high-yield effect is the first choice at present on the premise of sustainable development. In addition, the water layer state is not required to be kept in the traditional rice cultivation process in the whole growth period of the dry farming cultivation technology of the rice, only the water is supplemented in the key period of growth and development, the rice needs a large amount of water in the growth period, the agricultural water accounts for 65% in China, wherein 70% of the agricultural water is used for rice cultivation, if the rice planting area of 130 kilohm 2 rice in the northern area of China is changed into dry farming cultivation of the rice, the water can be saved by over 100 billions of cubes per year, and the current situation of water resource shortage is greatly relieved. Meanwhile, dry farming of rice is beneficial to reasonable utilization of land resources, and economic benefits are improved. Under the development background of intelligent agriculture and modern agriculture, dry farming of rice is carried out, the seedling raising link is omitted, fertilizers and seedling beds are saved, the labor intensity of workers is reduced, and the rice seedling raising device is more suitable for large-scale mechanized operation. In the past, low-lying land which is prone to waterlogging and inter-mountain infiltrating fields cannot be reasonably utilized, dry-land crops such as corn and soybean are planted, the yield is unstable, serious yield reduction is easy to occur, if a rice dry-farming mode is developed, the fields can be effectively utilized, and the economic benefit is greatly improved. In addition, for the field without irrigation guarantee, the yield of the planted and transplanted rice is low and unstable, the economic benefit of planting corn is low, the rice yield can be guaranteed by dry farming of the rice, the production cost can be reduced, the yield per mu of the dry farming of the rice can reach 400 plus one grain 500kg, and the economic benefit is increased by about 50 percent compared with the economic benefit of the corn.

The dry farming cultivation method of the rice has strong drought tolerance and strong stress resistance at the early stage of the seedling, and effectively solves a plurality of problems brought by the rice planting process. The continuous expansion of rice dry farming cultivation mode, some problems have also appeared in the cultivation technique, normally the rice dry farming is planted on smooth soil, be unfavorable for large tracts of land mechanized operation, be unfavorable for improving earlier stage temperature and soil moisture content in northern area simultaneously, and rice dry farming ridge culture technique is favorable to solving this part of problem, at first traditional field mechanized operation needs the crops of ridging to maize etc. the rice dry farming ridging technique does not need special agricultural machine, and ridging is favorable to improving the temperature of dry farming rice earlier stage and keeps the soil moisture content that soil is good, more aspect mechanized operation, it is more convenient to weed in later stage.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a method for cultivating rice in dry land by ridge culture. The method can obviously improve the ear number, the seed set number, the seed setting rate, the thousand seed weight, the harvest index and the yield of the rice by cultivating the rice through ridge culture in the dry land, thereby improving the economic benefit of the rice.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

a method for cultivating rice by ridge culture in dry land comprises the following steps:

selecting a rice variety;

after harvesting the previous crops, ridging and making ridges, wherein the ridge width is 50-60 cm, the ridge width is 4-5 cm, and the ridge height is 5-10 cm;

in the last ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months, the rice seeds are sown on the ridge surface, and the sowing quantity is 120 kg-150 kg/hectare.

And (5) performing field management and harvesting during the cultivation period.

In some embodiments, the rice is medium indica or medium japonica rice.

In some embodiments, the variety of rice is seiijing 18 or oryza sativa 18.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises the step of coating the rice seeds before sowing; the coating agent is a disease and pest mixed rice seed coating agent.

In some embodiments, the ridge is 60cm wide, the furrow is 5cm wide, and the ridge is 5cm high.

In some embodiments, the daily average air temperature for said planting is 12 ℃ ± 2 ℃; the sowing depth is not more than 2cm, and the seeds are pressed for 1 to 2 times after being sowed.

In some embodiments, the mode of sowing is mechanical drill or hill planting; the row spacing of drill seeding is 20-30 cm; the hole distance of hole sowing is 11 cm-13 cm, and the number of the hole sowing grains is 10-15 grains/hole.

In some embodiments, the field management includes fertilization, moisture management, and pest control.

Wherein the fertilizing amount is as follows: applying nitrogen fertilizer by using the amount of N of 90kg/hm²～140kg/hm²Pure phosphorus (P)₂O₅)65kg/hm²～75kg/hm²With K₂Using a potash fertilizer of 65kg/hm by using an O dosage meter²～75kg/hm²With SiO₂The amount of the potassium fertilizer is 35kg/hm²～45kg/hm²In some embodiments, the fertilizing amount of the N fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 75kg/hm²。

In the invention, the fertilization comprises the application of base fertilizer and additional fertilizer; wherein the base fertilizer application comprises the following steps: after the rice seeds are sowed, applying 40 percent of the total nitrogen and all of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and silicon fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer application distance is 7-8 cm from the seeds;

the additional fertilizer is as follows: applying 30 percent of the total nitrogen amount 20 to 30 days after the rice seedlings are aligned; fertilizing the spike fertilizer, and applying 30% of the total nitrogen amount 45-55 days after aligning seedlings; granulating fertilizer, and spraying foliar fertilizer after trimming.

In the invention, the water management comprises pre-emergence water management, tillering stage-heading stage water management and grouting stage water management;

the pre-emergence moisture management is as follows: replenishing water 7-10 days after sowing when the field water capacity of the plough layer soil of 0-10 cm is less than 75%;

the field water capacity of the soil in the tillering stage-heading stage is more than 65%;

the field water capacity of the soil in the grouting period is more than 80%.

In the invention, the disease control method comprises the following steps: adding 150kg of water according to the dosage of 225g of bacillus subtilis per mu, and applying the medicines for 1 time respectively in the early stage of heading and the later stage of grouting, wherein the total amount is 2 times;

the insect pest control is as follows: the physical control adopts that one group of insecticidal lamps are inserted into each hectare, and the insect sticking plates are inserted into the field at intervals of 30 m; the sexual trapping agent for biological control is put in 1 set per mu of trap, and is matched with a corresponding lure core for use, and the lure core is replaced every 4-6 weeks.

The weed control comprises closed weeding before seedling, weeding in seedling stage and manual pulling out;

the closed weeding before the seedling is as follows: before seedling emergence after sowing, bensulfuron methyl is used in combination with butralin and mixed with water for spraying, and the herbicide is sprayed for sealing in the windless morning or evening before 9 am or after 2 pm, if the soil is too dry, clear water can be sprayed for 1 time in advance to moisten the surface of the soil and then the herbicide is sprayed;

the weeding in the seedling stage comprises the following steps: after two leaves and one core of the rice seedling, cyhalofop-butyl is sprayed to prevent and kill gramineous weeds; before and after the three-leaf period, bentazone is sprayed to prevent and control broad-leaf weeds; if a small amount of weeds exist, the weeds are manually removed.

According to the invention, through the dry-farming ridge culture of the rice, the dry-farming rice can be ensured to be mature on time, and the problem of labor and fertility waste caused by early stage irrigation is also reduced. Meanwhile, most of conventional agricultural machinery is ridging instead of flat culture, so that the rice dry-farming ridge culture is more prone to the existing mechanical operation, the ridge culture not only increases the temperature and protects the businessman, but also is beneficial to weeding in the later period, and the yield and the economic benefit of the dry-farming rice are greatly improved.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a method for cultivating rice by ridge culture in dry land. Those skilled in the art can modify the process parameters appropriately to achieve the desired results with reference to the disclosure herein. It is expressly intended that all such similar substitutes and modifications which would be obvious to one skilled in the art are deemed to be included in the invention. While the methods and applications of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations and modifications in the methods and applications described herein, as well as other suitable variations and combinations, may be made to implement and use the techniques of this invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

The test materials adopted by the invention are all common commercial products and can be purchased in the market.

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:

EXAMPLE 1 cultivation method of the present invention

1) Selecting and preparing land

Land selection

The dry farming of rice selects corn stubble, rice stubble, bean stubble and the like without phytotoxicity.

2) Soil preparation

The land is preferably turned over in autumn, the turning depth is 15 cm-20 cm, and the land is harrowed flat after being turned over for spring sowing. And (3) land preparation is carried out on land blocks which are not turned over in autumn by adopting a spring rotary tillage mode, the rotary tillage depth is 12 cm-15 cm, soil is finely crushed and leveled, the upper part of the land is thin and the lower part of the land is thick, ridges are formed after leveling, furrows are made, the ridge width is 60cm, the furrow width is 5cm, and the ridge height is 5 cm.

2) Seed preparation

Variety selection: the variety which is 10-15 days earlier than the local main cultivated variety is selected, and the variety has stronger low-temperature germination, drought resistance and soil propping capacity and moderate tillering capacity.

Seed treatment: before sowing, the seeds are coated, the disease and pest mixed rice seed coating agent is selected and uniformly mixed to ensure that the rice seeds are uniformly coated, and the seeds are sown after being dried in a cool and ventilated place after coating.

3) Seeding

Sowing time: seeding when the daily average temperature is stable above 10 ℃ from 4 late ten days to 5 early ten days, wherein the seeding rate per hectare is 120 kg-150 kg, and mechanically drilling or bunch planting. One-ridge double-row hole sowing can adopt dislocation sowing (turning seedlings) or equipotential sowing, the row spacing is 20-30 cm, the hole spacing is 11-13 cm, the hole sowing grain number is 10-15 grains, the sowing depth is not more than 2cm, and the soil is compacted for 1-2 times after sowing, thereby ensuring good soil compactness and being beneficial to seedling emergence.

4) Fertilizer management

Fertilizer dosage: adjusting fertilizing amount according to soil fertility, and applying pure nitrogen (N)90kg/hm in the whole growth period²～140kg/hm²Pure phosphorus (P)₂O₅)65kg/hm²～75kg/hm²Pure potassium (K)₂O)65kg/hm²～75kg/hm²Effective Silicon (SiO)₂)35kg/hm²～45kg/hm²；

Base fertilizer: advocate the application of organic fertilizers. And 4, applying 40 percent of total nitrogen and all of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and silicon fertilizer in spring without applying organic fertilizer. Fertilizing the seeds 7-8 cm away from the seeds to avoid burning the seeds;

topdressing: tillering fertilizer, and applying 30 percent of the total nitrogen 20 to 30 days after aligning seedlings; fertilizing the spike fertilizer, and applying 30% of the total nitrogen amount 45-55 days after aligning seedlings; granular fertilizer is sprayed after the spike is finished, thereby promoting precocity and preventing greedy.

5) Moisture management

Before emergence of seedlings: and (3) after sowing for 7-10 days, and supplementing water when the field water capacity of the plough layer soil of 0-10 cm is less than 75%.

Tillering stage-heading stage: the water capacity of the soil in the field can reach more than 65 percent.

Grouting stage: the water capacity of the soil in the field can reach more than 80 percent.

6) Prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds

Disease control: the biological pesticide such as bacillus subtilis can be used for preventing and treating rice blast. In particular, the bacillus subtilis is adopted at 225g/hm²Adding 150kg of water, applying the pesticide for 1 time respectively in the early stage of heading and the later stage of grouting, and spraying the pesticide for 2 times in total by using a navigation operation or a manual portable automatic sprayer.

Pest control: the physical control adopts that one group of insecticidal lamps are inserted into each hectare, and the insect sticking plates are inserted into the field at intervals of 30 m; the sexual trapping agent for biological control mainly controls objects such as chilo suppressalis, tryporyza incertulas, cnaphalocrocis medinalis and the like, 1 set of the sexual trapping agent is put in each mu of the sexual trapping agent, is matched with corresponding lure cores for use, and the lure cores are replaced every 4-6 weeks.

Weed control: closed weeding before seedling

Weed control should be based on ecological control, chemical control, and manual control. Before seedling emergence after sowing, bensulfuron methyl is used in combination with butralin to be mixed with water for spraying, the herbicide is generally sprayed for sealing in the windless morning or evening before 9 am or after 2 pm, and if the soil is too dry, clear water can be sprayed for 1 time in advance to moisten the surface of the soil and then the herbicide is sprayed.

Weeding in the seedling stage: and (3) after two leaves and one core of the rice seedling are chemically removed for the second time, cyhalofop-butyl is sprayed to prevent and remove gramineous weeds, and bentazone is sprayed to prevent and remove broad-leaf weeds before and after the three-leaf period according to the condition of broad-leaf weeds. The pesticide is sprayed according to the standard amount, and is uniformly sprayed, does not leak and re-sprayed so as to prevent the generation of pesticide damage.

Manual removal: in the later growth period, if a small amount of weeds exist, artificial removal is assisted.

7) Harvesting

Manually harvesting people: after the harvest period of the industrial harvest is blooming, the water is threshed and put in storage when the water content is reduced to below 15 percent in 25-10-1 month generally in 9-10.

Mechanical harvesting: the mechanical harvest is carried out in 5-15 days in 10 months generally, the field drying or drying treatment is carried out at the end of 9 months, and the water content of the rice harvested in 10-15 days in 10 months is reduced to below 15 percent, so that the rice can be directly put in storage.

Comparative example 1 cultivation method

1) The variety is selected from a water-saving drought-resistant rice variety approved by the national or agricultural variety approval committee of Anhui province, or a water-saving drought-resistant rice variety approved for introduction by Anhui province, and comprises a planting suitable area. The growing period of the indica rice is 110-125 days, the growing period of the japonica rice is 125-140 days, the growing period of the indica rice is 125-135 days, the growing period of the japonica rice is 135-150 days, the rice blast resistance is high, the drought resistance is high, and the quality is higher than grade 3.

2) Seeding

And (3) sowing time: and (4) sowing in the river basin in 6 months and 15 days in front of the river basin in the Yangtze river according to the suitable early sowing of crops for rotation, and sowing in the river basin in the Yangtze river in 6 months and 25 days in front of the river basin in the Yangtze river.

Seeding rate

Mechanical sowing, namely sowing 3 kg-4 kg of medium indica conventional rice every 667m2, sowing 7 kg-8 kg of medium japonica conventional rice every 667m2, sowing 1.5 kg-2.0 kg of medium indica hybrid rice every 667m2, and sowing 2.5 kg-3.0 kg of medium japonica hybrid rice every 667m 2; the seeding amount is properly increased by manual sowing.

Land preparation: the wheat, rape and other crops are prepared in time after being harvested, a rotary tillage all-in-one machine is used for preparing the soil, the moisturizing effect is improved, the tillage depth is 13-15 cm, the soil preparation is flat, thin and clean, the upper part is loose and the lower part is solid, and the complete and neat seedlings are facilitated.

Seed treatment: and (3) sunning the seeds for 6-8 hours before sowing for 1 day, then soaking the seeds in clear water for 12 hours, fishing out and draining the seeds for coating, and spreading and airing the seeds for 1-2 hours in a shade place to sow the seeds.

Sowing: after mechanical sowing and land preparation, the seeds and fertilizers are used for sowing and the sowing and pressing integrated machine is used for sowing, the sowing row spacing is 20 cm-25 cm, and the sowing depth is 3 cm-4 cm. When sowing, the seeds are sown evenly, and then the seeds are raked shallowly and covered with soil.

Ditching: after sowing, mechanical ditching is carried out in time, the depth of the ditch is 20cm, and the width of an upper ditch opening is 30 cm-35 cm.

3) Fertilizing

Fertilizing amount: each 667m²10 kg-12 kg of pure nitrogen, 5 kg-7 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 7 kg-9 kg of potassium oxide are applied.

Fertilization scheme

Each 667m²The dosage of the base fertilizer: 5.0kg of urea, 10kg to 15kg of diammonium phosphate and 4.0kg to 5.5kg of potassium chloride. Each 667m²The dosage of the additional fertilizer is as follows: 12.5 kg-15.0 kg of urea and 7.5 kg-9.5 kg of potassium chloride. Each 667m of topdressing tillering fertilizer²7.5 kg-8.5 kg of urea is applied. Promoting flower fertilizer for 667m²3.0 kg-4.0 kg of urea and 4.0 kg-5.0 kg of potassium chloride are applied. Fertilizer for flower each 667m²2.0 kg-2.5 kg of urea and 3.5 kg-4.5 kg of potassium chloride are applied.

The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: the base fertilizer is applied by a seeding machine, and tillering fertilizer, flower promoting fertilizer, flower preserving fertilizer are applied before rain or watering.

And (3) fertilizing period: the base fertilizer is applied during seeding. The tillering fertilizer is applied before raining or watering after 3-leaf period, the flower promoting fertilizer is applied at the later stage of jointing, the flower protecting fertilizer is applied at the initial stage of extracting the sword leaves, and 250g of monopotassium phosphate and the foliar fertilizer are used for foliage spraying every 667m2 in the grouting period.

3) Moisture management

The seeding period, the jointing-pulling and booting period, the heading and flowering period and the grouting period of the water-saving drought-resistant rice planting are 4 critical water-requiring periods, and watering is carried out at proper time according to the water content of soil and weather conditions to keep the soil moist.

4) Prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds

The prevention principle is as follows: the principle of 'prevention is mainly and comprehensively prevented and cured' is adhered to.

Weeding: soil sealing treatment

Within 48 hours after sowing, the clodinafop-butyl missible oil is used for carrying out soil sealing treatment in time. The spraying time is preferably 9% in cloudy days and sunny days: before or at 00 or 17: after 00 hours.

Stem and leaf treatment: chemical supplement and weed removal are carried out before the 1-heart-3-leaf 1-heart stage of the rice seedling 2 and the 3-leaf-4-leaf stage of the weed. Early spraying of stem leaves is not timely applied, and when the 4-leaf period of weeds is over, old weeds are manually removed.

And (3) pest control: prevention and control indexes and prevention and control periods are as follows: rice blast: preventing and treating the seedling plague and the leaf plague, wherein the central diseased plant is selected to be treated, or the drug is applied for preventing and treating for 1 to 2 times when the diseased leaf rate reaches 3 to 5 percent; preventing and treating spike blast, wherein the infected variety is strictly sprayed for prevention 3-5 days before the breach, and is subjected to spike filling stage treatment. False smut: the medicine is applied for prevention 10 to 15 days (Jianyeye pillow and inverted two-leaf pillow) before the opening of the rice, and the opening period is treated once again according to the weather condition. Sheath blight: the disease cluster rate from the jointing stage to the booting stage reaches 10 percent, and the prevention and treatment are carried out in time. The disease is cured once again after 7 to 10 days. Rice planthopper: the control key points are in the middle and later stages of rice growth, the control indexes are from tillering to 1000 pest populations at the booting stage, and the pest populations at the heading stage are 1500. The prevention and treatment are carried out in a proper period: the egg hatching period is from the full period to the peak period of the nymphs of low age. Rice leaf roller: the control indexes are that 100 heads of all-clump low-age larvae are in tillering stage, and 50 heads of all-clump low-age larvae are in pregnancy and heading stage. The prevention and treatment are carried out in a proper period: the field control in the growing years is in the egg hatching peak period, and the complementary control is carried out once after 7 days; the medium-age is the peak period of the young larvae. Rice stem borer: mainly preventing and treating chilo suppressalis of the third generation, wherein the prevention and treatment are carried out once after 7-10 days in a retransmission area in an egg hatching peak period at a proper period; and (3) combining chilo suppressalis control to develop and control the sesamia inferens.

Test example 1

The test variety is Suizhijing 18, the test variety is processed into ridge culture rice, the ridge width is 60cm, the ridge height is 10cm, one ridge is double-row, the contrast is parallel culture rice, the row spacing is 30cm, the sowing quantity of the two is 195kg/ha, the nitrogen application quantity is 140kg/ha in terms of pure nitrogen, and the cell area is 50m²Three replicates. In 2020, 5 months and 1 day, a wheat seeder is adopted for drilling, phosphate fertilizer (calculated as P2O 5) and potash fertilizer (calculated as K2O) are respectively used as base fertilizers for each treatment, 75kg/ha of the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are respectively used as base fertilizers for application, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by using urea as the base fertilizers, the natural rainfall is mainly relied on in the whole growth period, and the water is supplemented only in the critical period of drought and water demand according to the cultivation method in the embodiment 1. Carrying out closed weeding after sowing, carrying out other field management measures according to a common high-yield field mode to ensure that the management of each test cell is consistent, and concretely adoptingThe cultivation was carried out in the same manner as in example 1, to obtain test example 1.

Meanwhile, the same rice variety seiku japonica 18 is selected and cultivated by parallel cropping according to the method of comparative example 1.

Measurement indexes are as follows:

net photosynthetic rate

The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of the main stem and the sword leaf was measured at the tillering stage, the flowering stage, 10 days after flowering and 20 days after flowering, and the measurement was carried out using a Li-6400XT photosynthetic apparatus, with a built-in fixed light source, with a photon density set at 1200. mu. mol. m-2. S-1, at a measurement time of 9:00-11:30 in the morning of clear and calm, and the measurement was repeated three times per treatment, and the mean value was calculated.

Leaf area index

At the tillering stage, the flowering stage, 10 days after flowering and 20 days after flowering, leaf area measurement was performed using an LI-3000C leaf area meter, and the Leaf Area Index (LAI) was calculated.

Chlorophyll content determination

The SPAD value was directly measured at the tillering stage, the flowering stage, 10 days after flowering, and 20 days after flowering by using a SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter (Minolta, Japan), and the SPAD value of the inverted leaf was measured each time, and the measurement was repeated three times.

Determination of agronomic characters, yield and yield composition factors

Three lines are selected as survey points in each cell before harvesting, each line is 4m, the effective spike number per hectare is calculated, another 20 plants are taken for seed test, the spike grain number, the seed setting rate and the thousand grain weight are counted, and simultaneously, the plant height, the spike length, the spike weight, the primary stem number and the secondary stem number are measured.

TABLE 1 influence of Ridge culture and leveling on rice dry farming yield and yield composition factors

As can be seen from Table 1, the treatment of the test example 1 is superior to that of the comparative example 1 in spike number, spike grain number, setting percentage, thousand grain weight, harvest index and yield, and is respectively improved by 9.42%, 8.04%, 1.95%, 6.20%, 9.09% and 28.00%, wherein the increase of the spike number is the most main factor of yield increase, the improvement of the setting percentage is the least, which indicates that the influence of dry farming ridge farming of rice on the spike grain number is the most significant, because the soil temperature and soil moisture content are improved by the ridge farming, the rapid and multiple tillering of rice is facilitated, the spike number is improved, and the yield is finally improved.

TABLE 2 influence of Ridge and crop levelness on agronomic traits of rice

As can be seen from Table 2, the treatment in the test example 1 is superior to that in the comparative example 1 in plant height, spike length, spike weight, primary stalk count and secondary stalk count, and is respectively improved by 19.29%, 4.83%, 6.71%, 22.49% and 22.22%, wherein the increase of the spike length, the spike weight, the primary stalk count and the secondary stalk count is beneficial to the improvement of yield, and the improvement of the rice dry farming ridge culture on the agronomic characters of the rice is proved to have a certain improvement effect.

TABLE 3 influence of Ridge and crop levelness on leaf area index in dry farming of rice

As can be seen from table 3, the leaf area index of dry farming of rice increases from the tillering stage, reaches the maximum 10 days after flowering, decreases 20 days after flowering, increases the area index of treatment in each time period compared with the control, increases by 60.09%, 13.28%, 41.01% and 34.16% in the tillering stage, the flowering stage, 10 days after flowering and 20 days after flowering, respectively, and the increase in leaf area index is favorable for increasing the light energy captured by rice, increasing the photosynthetic efficiency thereof, and finally increasing the yield. The rice dry farming ridge culture can increase the leaf area of the rice, optimize the canopy structure and increase the photosynthetic efficiency compared with the flat farming.

TABLE 4 influence of Ridge and crop levelness on rice dry farming SPAD (chlorophyll)

As can be seen from Table 4, the SPAD value (chlorophyll) of dry farming of rice increases from the tillering stage to the maximum value 10 days after flowering and decreases 20 days after flowering, the treatment in four time periods is improved compared with the control SPAD (chlorophyll), the SPAD value (chlorophyll) increases by 34.49%, 14.41%, 12.59% and 25.64% respectively in the tillering stage, the flowering stage, 10 days after flowering and 20 days after flowering, the SPAD value (chlorophyll) has correlation with the photosynthetic capacity, the accumulation of organic substances of dry farming rice depends on the photosynthetic capacity, and therefore the SPAD value (chlorophyll) indirectly reflects the yield.

TABLE 5 Effect of ridge culture and leveling on rice dry farming photosynthesis

As can be seen from table 5, the photosynthesis in dry farming of rice showed a tendency of increasing first and then decreasing, reaching a maximum value 10 days after flowering, decreasing 20 days after flowering, increasing in photosynthesis at four times compared to the control, and increasing by 7.56%, 26.03%, 28.15% and 13.88% at the tillering stage, the flowering stage, 10 days after flowering and 20 days after flowering, respectively. The photosynthetic intensity influences the accumulation and distribution of dry matter of dry farming rice, and the accumulation of photosynthetic substances of functional leaves after flowering is a 90% yield source of rice seeds, so the photosynthetic intensity directly influences the yield of the dry farming rice.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for cultivating rice by ridge culture in dry land is characterized by comprising the following steps:

selecting a rice variety;

after harvesting the previous crops, ridging and making ridges, wherein the ridge width is 50-60 cm, the ridge width is 4-5 cm, and the ridge height is 5-10 cm;

sowing rice seeds on the ridge surface from late 4 th to early 5 th of month, wherein the sowing amount is 120 kg-150 kg/hectare;

and (5) performing field management and harvesting during the cultivation period.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the rice is medium indica rice or medium japonica rice.

3. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the variety of the rice is Amblyseius japonica 18 or Oryza sativa 18.

4. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the step of coating the rice seeds before sowing; the coating agent is a disease and pest mixed rice seed coating agent.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the daily average air temperature of the seeding is 12 ℃ ± 2 ℃; the sowing depth is not more than 2cm, and the seeds are pressed for 1 to 2 times after being sowed.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the seeding is performed by mechanical drill seeding or hole seeding; the row spacing of drill seeding is 20-30 cm; the hole distance of hole sowing is 11 cm-13 cm, and the number of the hole sowing grains is 10-15 grains/hole.

7. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the field management includes fertilization, moisture management and pest control.

8. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the amount of the fertilization is: applying nitrogen fertilizer by using the amount of N of 90kg/hm²～140kg/hm²Pure phosphorus (P)₂O₅)65kg/hm²～75kg/hm²With K₂Using a potash fertilizer of 65kg/hm by using an O dosage meter²～75kg/hm²With SiO₂The amount of the potassium fertilizer is 35kg/hm²～45kg/hm²；

The fertilization comprises the application of a base fertilizer and an additional fertilizer; the base fertilizer for application comprises: after the rice seeds are sowed, applying 40 percent of the total nitrogen and all of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and silicon fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer application distance is 7-8 cm from the seeds;

the additional fertilizer is as follows: applying 30 percent of the total nitrogen amount 20 to 30 days after the rice seedlings are aligned; fertilizing the spike fertilizer, and applying 30% of the total nitrogen amount 45-55 days after aligning seedlings; granulating fertilizer, and spraying foliar fertilizer after trimming.

9. The cultivation method according to claim 7, wherein the moisture management includes pre-emergence moisture management, tillering-heading stage moisture management, and filling stage moisture management;

the pre-emergence moisture management is as follows: replenishing water 7-10 days after sowing when the field water capacity of the plough layer soil of 0-10 cm is less than 75%;

the field water capacity of the soil in the tillering stage-heading stage is more than 65%;

the field water capacity of the soil in the grouting period is more than 80%.

10. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method of disease control is: adding 150kg of water according to the dosage of 225g of bacillus subtilis per mu, and applying the medicines for 1 time respectively in the early stage of heading and the later stage of grouting, wherein the total amount is 2 times;

the insect pest control is as follows: the physical control adopts that one group of insecticidal lamps are inserted into each hectare, and the insect sticking plates are inserted into the field at intervals of 30 m; 1 set of sexual trapping agent is thrown in each mu of the biological control trapping device, the biological control trapping device is matched with a corresponding trapping core for use, and the trapping core is replaced every 4-6 weeks;

the weed control comprises closed weeding before seedling, weeding in seedling stage and manual pulling out;

the closed weeding before the seedling is as follows: before seedling emergence after sowing, bensulfuron methyl is used in combination with butralin and mixed with water for spraying, and the herbicide is sprayed for sealing in the windless morning or evening before 9 am or after 2 pm, if the soil is too dry, clear water can be sprayed for 1 time in advance to moisten the surface of the soil and then the herbicide is sprayed;

the weeding in the seedling stage comprises the following steps: after two leaves and one core of the rice seedling, cyhalofop-butyl is sprayed to prevent and kill gramineous weeds; before and after the three-leaf period, bentazone is sprayed to prevent and control broad-leaf weeds; if a small amount of weeds exist, the weeds are manually removed.