CN114027017B - Corn stalk returning equipment - Google Patents
Corn stalk returning equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN114027017B CN114027017B CN202111380798.3A CN202111380798A CN114027017B CN 114027017 B CN114027017 B CN 114027017B CN 202111380798 A CN202111380798 A CN 202111380798A CN 114027017 B CN114027017 B CN 114027017B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D34/00—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
- A01D34/835—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters specially adapted for particular purposes
- A01D34/8355—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters specially adapted for particular purposes for cutting up or crushing remaining standing stalks, e.g. stubble
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Abstract
A corn stalk returning device is provided, deep ditches are formed on the earth surface through a ditching device, soil is continuously fed into an auger bin from a soil inlet through a soil taking knife on a ditching chain, corn stalks are crushed by a knife tooth shaft and fed into the auger bin, a certain proportion of soil and stalks are fed into a secondary crushing and conveying device through an auger, the secondarily crushed stalks and the soil enter into a conical mixing device from a stalk conveying pipeline in a tangential direction, a mixed reagent sprayed by a spray head, the soil and the stalks enter into a conical extrusion bin after cyclone mixing in the conical mixing bin, the mixture is extruded into a molding extrusion pipe through a compression auger, a composite pipe of the stalks and the soil is formed under the action of a pipe molding column, and then the composite pipe is discharged into the deep ditches through a conveying pipe; the equipment can fully automatically conduct ditching, crushing and pipe making operations, the pipe buried underground can not only increase the fertility of deep soil, but also be used as a seepage pipe for farmland underground irrigation, and the added value of corn straw is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of straw returning equipment, in particular to corn straw returning equipment.
Background
Corn straw is an important byproduct in the corn planting process, various straws produced in agricultural production in China are up to 7 hundred million tons each year, and the corn straw has about 3.5 hundred million tons, and contains rich nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, so that the corn straw is an important nutrient resource in agricultural production. The corn stalk returning has key effects in improving soil fertility, improving soil structure, increasing carbon sink of soil, enriching soil microorganism diversity and the like.
The existing corn straw returning machine is mainly used for returning the crushed corn straw to the cultivated land, the returning mode has the problem that straw decomposition is difficult, especially in arid areas, due to the fact that the precipitation amount is small, the surface soil is dry, corn straw decomposition is more unfavorable, too much corn straw which is not completely decomposed is accumulated on the soil surface, a large amount of straw which is not decomposed is accumulated at a furrow plough during sowing operation, the trafficability of the sowing machine is poor, and normal emergence of seeds in the next year can be affected. After straw distributed on the soil surface is decomposed, organic matters are mainly present on the soil surface, and the effect on the organic matter content of deep soil is not obvious; meanwhile, the returning form and returning mode of the existing straw returning are single, and only the purpose of increasing the soil fertility is achieved; therefore, a novel corn straw returning device is necessary to be designed to change the returning mode and returning form of corn straw and expand the application of the corn straw after returning.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a corn straw returning device.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the corn stalk returning equipment comprises a cutter tooth shaft and an auger which are arranged in a shell bracket, a secondary crushing and conveying device arranged at one end of the shell bracket, a power transmission device arranged at the rear part of the shell bracket, a ditching device arranged in the middle of the front end of the shell bracket, a conical extrusion device arranged in the middle of the upper end surfaces between the shells, and a hanging frame arranged in the middle of the rear end of the shell bracket;
the cutter tooth shaft and the auger are connected in the shell bracket in a parallel rotating mode, the two ends of the auger and the cutter tooth shaft are sleeved with belt pulleys, the auger is positioned at the front end of the shell bracket, the outer side of the auger is provided with an auger bin with two ends fixedly connected with two end plates of the shell bracket, the upper end of the inner side of the auger bin is provided with a straw throwing port along the length direction of the auger bin, and a plurality of crushing cutter teeth are uniformly distributed on the cutter tooth shaft;
the secondary crushing and conveying device comprises a blowing bin and a crushing bin which are fixedly connected to an end plate on one side of the shell bracket, wherein the blowing bin and the crushing bin are arranged up and down adjacently, a connecting channel is arranged between one side of the blowing bin and one side of the crushing bin, the blowing bin is communicated with the auger bin, an impeller which is coaxially and fixedly connected with a shaft of the auger is arranged in the blowing bin, a secondary crushing shaft is rotationally connected to the crushing bin, a belt pulley is sleeved at the outer end of the secondary crushing shaft, a belt is sleeved between the belt pulley and a belt pulley of the auger below, a belt is sleeved between the belt pulley at the other end of the auger and the belt pulley on the cutter tooth shaft of the end, a material outlet is arranged on one side of the upper end of the crushing bin, and a straw conveying pipeline is connected to the outlet;
the conical extrusion device comprises a conical extrusion bin transversely and fixedly connected to the middle of the shell bracket and a compression auger matched and connected in the conical extrusion bin, one end of a main shaft of the compression auger extends out of an end cover of the conical extrusion bin and is rotationally connected with the end cover through a bearing, a chain wheel A is sleeved on the extending part of the main shaft, a forming extrusion pipe is coaxially and fixedly connected with the tip end of the conical extrusion bin, a downwards bent extrusion conveying pipe is arranged at the outer end of the forming extrusion pipe, and a pipe forming column coaxially extending into the forming extrusion pipe is arranged at the other end of the main shaft of the compression auger; the upper end of the tail part of the conical extrusion bin is provided with a conical mixing bin communicated with the conical extrusion bin, the upper end of the side wall of the conical mixing bin is provided with a feed inlet along the tangential direction of the side wall, the outer end of the straw conveying pipeline is in butt joint with the feed inlet, the middle part of the top cover of the conical mixing bin is provided with a spray head, one side of the shell bracket is provided with a medicine box, a water pipe is arranged between the spray head and the medicine box, and the lower part of the water pipe is connected with a water pump;
the soil inlet is formed in the middle of the front end of the shell support, two support plates are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the soil inlet, the ditching device comprises a driving sprocket and a driven sprocket which are rotatably connected to two ends of the sprocket support through wheel shafts, and ditching chains connected between the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket, the two ends of the wheel shafts of the driving sprocket are rotatably connected with the support plates on two sides through bearings with seats respectively, bevel gears A are arranged on the wheel shafts extending out of one side of the wheel shafts, hinged plates are arranged on the inner sides of the support plates on one side of the hinged plates, telescopic pushing rods are hinged to the telescopic sections of the telescopic pushing rods and the middle of the sprocket support, the ditching device is connected with the shell support, and the ditching chains are located right above the soil inlet; the two ends of a pin shaft of the ditching chain are respectively protruded out of the outer side surfaces of the outer chain plates on two sides, a cutter seat is fixedly connected between the protruded parts of the outer ends of the two pin shafts on the inner chain plates, ditching cutters and L-shaped platy soil sampling cutters are alternately and fixedly connected on the cutter seats on two sides of the ditching chain, the soil sampling cutters and the outer chain plates are arranged in parallel, a transverse plate at the lower part of the soil sampling cutters is fixedly connected with the cutter seat, a vertical plate of the soil sampling cutters extends out of the outer chain plates of the ditching chain vertically, a soil sampling groove part is arranged on the inner side of the outer end of the vertical plate, a square bottom plate and the vertical plate of the soil sampling groove part are vertically arranged, two cutter-edge-shaped side plates are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the bottom plate along the length direction of the vertical plate, the outer side surfaces of the cutter-edge-shaped side plates are flush with the outer side surfaces of the bottom plate, an included angle alpha is formed between the inner side surface and the bottom plate, and the included angle is 120 DEG is less than or equal to 135 deg.
Preferably, the ditching device is further provided with a protective shell, the protective shell covers the ditching chain at the upper part of the ditching device, two baffles are arranged on two sides of the upper surface of the lower part of the protective shell, the lower part of the extrusion conveying pipe is fixed between the two baffles, and the lower port of the extrusion conveying pipe extends out of the lower end of the ditching device.
Preferably, the soil inlet is provided with an adjustable sealing plate assembly, the assembly comprises sliding grooves formed in two sides of the soil inlet along the length direction, a sealing plate and an electric push rod, the sealing plate is connected between the two sliding grooves in a sliding mode, the fixed end of the electric push rod is hinged to the shell support, and the telescopic end is hinged to the middle of one end of the sealing plate.
Preferably, the lower extreme of ditching device is equipped with buries the device, and the device includes the square support of horizontal fixed connection in sprocket support lower part, and the support horizontal pole both ends symmetry of this square support outer end is equipped with two square boards that are V font and distribute, and the V-arrangement opening that two square boards formed is towards ditching device.
Preferably, the square plate and the supporting cross rod are hinged, a plurality of limiting holes are formed in the end portion of the supporting cross rod, an adjusting rod is hinged in the middle of the inner side face of the square plate, a round hole which can correspond to the limiting holes is formed in the outer end of the adjusting rod, and a bolt used for being fixedly connected is arranged between the round hole and the limiting holes.
Preferably, ditching cutters at two sides of a ditching chain of the ditching device are staggered, and soil sampling cutters at two sides are staggered.
Preferably, the soil sampling cutters are arranged two by two to form soil sampling cutter groups, and the soil sampling cutter groups and the ditching cutters are alternately and fixedly connected to the cutter seat.
Preferably, the cutter seats on two sides of the ditching chain are provided with ditching cutters and soil sampling cutters at intervals.
Preferably, the power transmission device comprises a speed reducer fixed in the middle of the rear end of the shell bracket, two mutually perpendicular output shafts are arranged on the speed reducer, two output chain wheels are fixedly sleeved on one output shaft, one output chain wheel is connected with a chain wheel A above through a driving chain, one side of the upper end surface of the shell bracket is provided with a transmission shaft A along the width direction, one end of the transmission shaft A is provided with a bevel gear B meshed with the bevel gear A, the other end of the transmission shaft A is provided with a chain wheel B, the chain wheel B is connected with the other output chain wheel through the driving chain, the other output shaft is coaxially and fixedly connected with a transmission shaft B, and the outer end of the transmission shaft B is provided with a belt pulley and is connected with the belt pulley at the other end of the cutter tooth shaft through a belt.
Preferably, a lubrication pipeline is arranged above the extrusion conveying pipe, one end of a main lubrication pipe of the pipe lubrication pipeline is connected with a water pipe through a three-way joint, the other end of the main lubrication pipe extends to the lower port of the extrusion conveying pipe along the central line of the extrusion conveying pipe, a radial pipe is arranged at a position, corresponding to a bent pipe section of the extrusion conveying pipe, on the main lubrication pipe, the lower end of the radial pipe is connected with an annular pipe sleeved in the middle of the bent pipe section, a plurality of injection branch pipes communicated with the annular pipe are uniformly distributed on the inner side of the side wall of the annular pipe along the radial direction, and the outer ends of the injection branch pipes are communicated into the bent pipe section.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
a corn straw returning device is provided, deep ditches are formed on the ground surface through a ditching device, soil is continuously fed into an auger bin from a soil inlet through a soil taking knife on a ditching chain, corn straw is crushed by a knife gear shaft and is fed into the auger bin from a straw throwing inlet, a certain proportion of soil and straw are fed into a secondary crushing and conveying device through an auger, the secondary crushed straw and the soil enter into a conical mixing device from a straw conveying pipeline in a tangential direction under the action of an impeller, mixed chemical sprayed by a spray head, the soil and the straw enter into a conical extrusion bin after being subjected to cyclone mixing in the conical mixing bin, the mixture is extruded into a forming extrusion pipe through a compression auger in the extrusion bin, a composite pipe of the straw and the soil is formed under the action of a pipe forming column, and then the composite pipe is discharged into the deep ditches formed by the ditching device from the straw conveying pipeline and is buried through a burying device; the equipment can fully automatically perform ditching, crushing and pipe making operations, the manufactured composite pipe is buried in a deep ditch, so that the straw can be directly applied to deep soil, the organic matter content of the deep soil is increased, the composite pipe can be used as a seepage pipe for farmland underground irrigation, the equipment cost of traditional irrigation equipment is saved, the irrigation cost is lower, the application of the corn straw after returning to the field is expanded, and the added value of the corn straw is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is one of the perspective schematic views of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a third perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a buried device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention with the ditching device removed;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the housing bracket of the present invention taken from the middle and showing the structural relationship of the ditching apparatus;
FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of the ditching device with the protective housing removed;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the front view of the ditching apparatus with the protective casing removed;
FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of a length of chain in the ditching apparatus;
FIG. 11 is a schematic perspective view of a soil pick-up knife;
FIG. 12 is a schematic top view of the soil pick-up knife;
FIG. 13 is a schematic perspective view of a trenching blade;
FIG. 14 is a schematic top view of a tapered extrusion device;
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A of FIG. 14;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view showing the front view of the present secondary pulverizing and transporting apparatus;
FIG. 17 is a B-B cross-sectional view of FIG. 16;
FIG. 18 is a C-C cross-sectional view of FIG. 16;
FIG. 19 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention after installation of a lubrication circuit;
fig. 20 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the annular tube and extrusion delivery tube at a in fig. 19.
In the drawing the view of the figure, the ditching device comprises a ditching device 11, a chain wheel bracket 111, a driving chain wheel 112, a driven chain wheel 12, a ditching chain 121, a pin shaft 122, an outer chain plate 123, an inner chain plate 13, a cutter seat 131, a round hole A and a round hole B, 14, a soil pick-up cutter 141, a transverse plate 1411, a round hole C and a vertical plate 142, a soil pick-up groove part 144, a bottom plate 145, a knife edge-shaped side plate 15, a ditching cutter 151, an arc-shaped bent cutter part 152, a connecting plate part 1521, a round hole D and a round hole 16, a wheel shaft 17, a protective shell 171, a baffle 18, a telescopic push rod 19, a hinge plate 02, a shell bracket 21, a screw bin 211, a straw throwing inlet 23, a supporting plate 24, a end plate 25, a hanging frame 26, a soil inlet 03, a cutter tooth shaft 31, a cutter tooth 04, a screw conveyer 05, a secondary crushing conveyer device 51, a bin blast 511, an impeller. 52, grinding bin, 521, secondary grinding shaft, 53, connecting channel, 54, straw conveying pipe, 06, tapered extrusion device, 61, tapered extrusion bin, 611, end cap, 62, compression auger, 621, main shaft, 63, sprocket A, 64, formed extrusion pipe, 65, extrusion conveying pipe, 66, pipe forming column, 66, tapered mixing bin, 67, spray head, 68, medicine box, 69, water pipe, 07, adjustable sealing plate assembly, and method for manufacturing the same. 71. Chute, 72. Seal plate, 73. Electric push rod, 08. Buried device, 81. Square bracket, 811. Support cross rod, 812. Spacing hole, 82. Square plate, 821. Adjustment rod, 91. Speed reducer, 911. Output sprocket, 92. Drive shaft A, 921. Bevel gear A, 922. Bevel gear B, 923. Sprocket B, 93. Drive shaft B, 94. Pulley, 95. Belt, 96. Drive chain, 101. Main lubrication pipe, and drive shaft B 102. Radial pipes 103, annular pipes 104, injection branch pipes.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1-20 of the specification, a corn stalk returning device comprises a cutter tooth shaft and an auger which are arranged in a shell bracket, a secondary crushing and conveying device arranged at one end of the shell bracket, a power transmission device arranged at the rear part of the shell bracket, a ditching device arranged in the middle of the front end of the shell bracket, a conical extrusion device arranged in the middle of the upper end surfaces between the shells, and a hanging frame arranged in the middle of the rear end of the shell bracket;
the utility model provides a cutter tooth axle and auger rotate side by side and connect in the casing support, the both ends of auger and cutter tooth axle all overlap and be equipped with the belt pulley, the auger is located the front end of casing support, the outside of auger is equipped with both ends and the both ends board fixed connection's of casing support auger storehouse, the inboard upper end in auger storehouse is equipped with straw throwing mouth along its length direction, evenly distributed has a plurality of crushing cutter teeth on the cutter tooth axle, when the cutter tooth axle was rotatory, crushing cutter tooth was smashed the straw and is taken into adjacent auger storehouse with the crushed straw in the homeopathy.
The secondary crushing and conveying device comprises a blowing bin and a crushing bin which are fixedly connected to an end plate on one side of the shell bracket, wherein the blowing bin and the crushing bin are arranged up and down adjacently, a connecting channel is arranged between one side of the blowing bin and one side of the crushing bin, the blowing bin is communicated with the auger bin, an impeller which is coaxially and fixedly connected with a shaft of the auger is arranged in the blowing bin, a secondary crushing shaft is rotationally connected to the crushing bin, a belt pulley is sleeved at the outer end of the secondary crushing shaft, a belt is sleeved between the belt pulley and a belt pulley of the auger below, a belt is sleeved between the belt pulley at the other end of the auger and the belt pulley on the cutter tooth shaft of the end, a material outlet is arranged on one side of the upper end of the crushing bin, and a straw conveying pipeline is connected to the outlet;
the corn stalks which are primarily crushed by the cutter tooth shaft are conveyed into the air blowing bin by the auger, and the impeller in the air blowing bin conveys the primarily crushed corn stalks upwards into the crushing bin through the connecting channel for secondary crushing, so that the corn stalks are crushed into more fine powder to meet the requirements of manufacturing the composite pipe.
The soil inlet is formed in the middle of the front end of the shell support, two support plates are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the soil inlet, the ditching device comprises a driving sprocket and a driven sprocket which are rotatably connected to two ends of the sprocket support through wheel shafts, and ditching chains connected between the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket, the two ends of the wheel shafts of the driving sprocket are rotatably connected with the support plates on two sides through bearings with seats respectively, bevel gears A are arranged on the wheel shafts extending out of one side of the wheel shafts, hinged plates are arranged on the inner sides of the support plates on one side of the hinged plates, telescopic push rods are hinged to the telescopic sections of the telescopic push rods and the middle parts of the sprocket support, the ditching device is connected with the shell support, the ditching device is driven to be lifted or put down through the telescopic push rods, and the ditching chains are located right above the soil inlet; the utility model provides a ditching chain's round pin axle both ends bulge both sides lateral surface of outer link joint respectively, fixedly connected with blade holder between the bulge of two round pin axle outer ends on the inner link joint, all fixedly connected with ditching sword and L shape platy soil pick-up sword on the blade holder of ditching chain both sides in turn, set up the joint strength that can promote ditching sword, the phenomenon such as become flexible, drop-off is difficult for appearing, promote ditching operation's stability and security, soil pick-up sword and outer link joint parallel arrangement, the horizontal board and the blade holder fixed connection of soil pick-up sword lower part, the vertical board of soil pick-up sword outwards stretches out the outer link joint of ditching chain perpendicularly, the inboard of vertical board outer end is equipped with the soil pick-up groove portion, square bottom plate and the vertical board of this soil pick-up groove portion set up perpendicularly, the both sides of bottom plate are equipped with two cutting edge platy curb plates along the length direction symmetry of vertical board, be equipped with contained angle alpha between the lateral surface of cutting edge platy curb plate and the lateral surface, the medial surface is 120 DEG is less than or equal to 135 DEG with the contained angle, this contained angle is with the opening shape that is the section is trapezoidal with soil pick-up groove, soil pick-up groove can not only dig soil, it is convenient for gather soil in the soil pick-up groove.
The ditching chain of ditching device rotates in order to stimulate the ditching sword and open deep trench at the earth's surface, and this in-process, the soil pick-up sword between the ditching sword not only can assist the ditching sword to carry out ditching operation, can also take out soil and slant upward in the clockwise with soil and send into the inlet port in with the first crushed straw mix in the auger storehouse.
The soil sampling knife comprises a connecting plate part and an arc-shaped knife bending part which are integrally formed, the connecting plate part is fixedly connected with the knife holder, the arc-shaped knife bending part extends out of an outer chain plate of the chain, and soil sampling knives on two sides of the chain are oppositely arranged; the tool apron set up to square plate, the both ends of tool apron lower part be equipped with round hole A and round pin axle interference fit, the both ends on tool apron upper portion are equipped with two round holes second, the both ends of horizontal board are equipped with the round hole third that corresponds with round hole second, the both ends of connecting plate portion are equipped with the round hole butyl that corresponds with round hole second, through bolt fixed connection, convenient to detach maintains between the round hole on tool apron and soil-taking sword, the ditching sword.
The ditching cutters at two sides of the ditching chain of the ditching device are staggered, the soil sampling cutters at two sides are staggered, soil is not easy to be blocked between the ditching cutters at two sides due to staggered arrangement, and ditching efficiency is high and effect is good; the soil sampling cutters are arranged two by two to form soil sampling cutter groups, the soil sampling cutter groups and the ditching cutters are alternately and fixedly connected to the cutter seat, and the soil sampling amount can be increased by arranging more soil sampling cutters, so that the mixing proportion of soil and straw is ensured; the cutter seats on two sides of the ditching chain are provided with ditching cutters and soil sampling cutters at intervals, and the installation quantity of the ditching cutters and the soil sampling cutters is selected according to the conditions of hardness, humidity and the like of soil, so that the optimal ditching and soil sampling effects are achieved.
The conical extrusion device comprises a conical extrusion bin transversely and fixedly connected to the middle of the shell bracket and a compression auger matched and connected in the conical extrusion bin, one end of a main shaft of the compression auger extends out of an end cover of the conical extrusion bin and is rotationally connected with the end cover through a bearing, a chain wheel A is sleeved on the extending part of the main shaft, a forming extrusion pipe is coaxially and fixedly connected with the tip end of the conical extrusion bin, a downwards bent extrusion conveying pipe is arranged at the outer end of the forming extrusion pipe, and a pipe forming column coaxially extending into the forming extrusion pipe is arranged at the other end of the main shaft of the compression auger; the upper end of the tail part of the conical extrusion bin is provided with a conical mixing bin communicated with the conical extrusion bin, the upper end of the side wall of the conical mixing bin is provided with a feed inlet along the tangential direction of the side wall, the outer end of the straw conveying pipeline is in butt joint with the feed inlet, the middle part of the top cover of the conical mixing bin is provided with a spray head, one side of the shell bracket is provided with a medicine box, a water pipe is arranged between the spray head and the medicine box, the lower part of the water pipe is connected with a water pump, the medicine box is internally provided with a mixed medicament, and the mixed medicament can be water or a mixture of water, a decomposition agent and an insecticide;
crushed straw and soil after secondary crushing enter the conical mixing bin from the straw conveying pipeline, meanwhile, the conical mixing bin is sprayed with water to moisten through the spray head, the crushed straw, the soil and the mixed medicament are spirally downwards mixed along the inner side wall of the conical mixing bin to form a mixed material with certain humidity, then the mixed material downwards enters the conical extrusion bin, the internal compression auger continuously extrudes the mixed material and presses the mixed material into the forming extrusion pipe, a composite pipe is formed under the action of the pipe forming column, and then the mixed material enters the extrusion conveying pipe.
The straw and soil in the composite pipe are tightly combined, so that the decomposition speed of the straw can be increased.
The utility model discloses a ditching device, the ditching device on still be equipped with the protection casing that prevents earth and splash everywhere when ditching, this protection casing covers ditching device's upper portion ditching chain, protection casing's lower part upper surface both sides are equipped with two baffles, extrude the lower part of conveyer pipe and fix between two baffles to extrude the lower port of conveyer pipe and stretch out ditching device's lower extreme.
The ditching device ditches while extruding the conveyer pipe and sending the composite pipe that extrudes into the deep trench that opens, in the composite pipe buries into the deep trench not only can directly be used to deep soil with the straw in, increase the organic matter content of deep soil, can also regard as farmland underground irrigation's infiltration pipe to use, practiced thrift traditional irrigation equipment's equipment cost, irrigation cost is lower, has expanded the use behind the maize straw returning to the field.
The soil inlet is provided with an adjustable sealing plate assembly, the assembly comprises sliding grooves formed in two sides of the soil inlet in the length direction, a sealing plate and an electric push rod, the sealing plate is slidably connected between the two sliding grooves, the fixed end of the electric push rod is hinged to the shell support, and the telescopic end is hinged to the middle of one end of the sealing plate.
The sealing plate is used for adjusting the soil feeding amount in the auger bin, so that the mixing proportion of soil and straw is convenient to control.
The lower extreme of ditching device is equipped with buries the device, and the device includes the square support of horizontal fixed connection in sprocket support lower part, and the support horizontal pole both ends symmetry of this square support outer end is equipped with two square boards that are V font distribution, and the V-arrangement opening that two square boards formed is towards ditching device.
Along with the advancing of the straw returning machine, the square plates with the two V-shaped opening structures fill the soil back into the deep trench to bury the composite pipe.
The square plate and the supporting cross rod are hinged, a plurality of limiting holes are formed in the end portion of the supporting cross rod, an adjusting rod is hinged in the middle of the inner side face of the square plate, a round hole which can correspond to the limiting holes is formed in the outer end of the adjusting rod, and a bolt used for being fixedly connected is arranged between the round hole and the limiting holes.
The round holes on the adjusting rod and different limiting holes correspondingly drive the earthing plates to rotate, the size of the V-shaped opening formed by the two earthing plates is adjusted, and then the coverage range and the filling efficiency of the two square plates are adjusted.
The flange plate is fixedly connected between the forming extrusion pipe and the conical extrusion bin, and the flange plate is connected in a manner of being convenient for disassembling the forming extrusion pipe for replacement and maintenance.
The power transmission device comprises a speed reducer fixed in the middle of the rear end of a shell support, two mutually perpendicular output shafts are arranged on the speed reducer, two output chain wheels are fixedly sleeved on one output shaft, one output chain wheel is connected with a chain wheel A above through a driving chain, one side of the upper end face of the shell support is provided with a transmission shaft A along the width direction, one end of the transmission shaft A is provided with a bevel gear B meshed with the bevel gear A, the other end of the transmission shaft A is provided with a chain wheel B and connected with the other output chain wheel through the driving chain, the other output shaft is coaxially and fixedly connected with a transmission shaft B, the outer end of the transmission shaft B is provided with a belt pulley and connected with a belt pulley at the other end of a cutter tooth shaft through a belt, and the input shaft of the speed reducer is connected with a power device.
A lubrication pipeline is arranged above the extrusion conveying pipe, one end of a main lubrication pipe of the pipe lubrication pipeline is connected with a water pipe through a three-way joint, the other end of the main lubrication pipe extends to the lower port of the extrusion conveying pipe along the central line of the extrusion conveying pipe, a radial pipe is arranged on the main lubrication pipe at a position corresponding to a bent pipe section of the extrusion conveying pipe, the lower end of the radial pipe is connected with an annular pipe sleeved in the middle of the bent pipe section, a plurality of injection branch pipes communicated with the annular pipe are uniformly distributed on the inner side of the side wall of the annular pipe along the radial direction, and the outer ends of the injection branch pipes are communicated into the bent pipe section; the extrusion conveying pipe turns and bears the pressure greatly, water in the water tank is evenly injected into the turns through the annular pipe and the injection branch pipes, the turns are comprehensively lubricated in the circumferential direction, the trafficability of the turns is improved, the blocking is not easy to occur, and meanwhile, the problem that cracks are generated in the composite pipe due to overlarge friction force between the inner wall of the pipeline and the composite pipe can be avoided.
The working process and principle of the invention are as follows: when the corn straw returning equipment enters the field operation, a deep trench is formed on the earth surface through a ditching device, soil is continuously fed into an auger bin from a soil inlet through a soil taking knife on a ditching chain, corn straw is crushed by a knife gear shaft and is fed into the auger bin from a straw throwing inlet, a certain proportion of soil and straw are fed into a secondary crushing and conveying device through an auger, the secondarily crushed straw and the soil enter a conical mixing device tangentially under the action of an impeller through a straw conveying pipeline, water sprayed by a spray head above the water, the soil and the straw enter a conical extrusion bin after cyclone mixing in the conical mixing bin, the mixture is extruded into a forming extrusion pipe through a compression auger inside the extrusion bin, a composite pipe of the straw and the soil is formed under the action of a pipe forming column, and then the composite pipe is discharged into the deep trench formed by the ditching device through the straw conveying pipeline and is buried through a burying device; the equipment can fully automatically perform ditching, crushing and pipe making operations, the manufactured composite pipe is buried in a deep ditch, so that the straw can be directly applied to deep soil, the organic matter content of the deep soil is increased, the composite pipe can be used as a seepage pipe for farmland underground irrigation, the equipment cost of traditional irrigation equipment is saved, the irrigation cost is lower, the application of the corn straw after returning to the field is expanded, and the added value of the corn straw is improved.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a maize straw returning equipment, includes that install cutter arbor and auger in the casing support, the regrinding conveyor of casing support one end installation, the power transmission device of casing support rear portion installation, characterized by: the device also comprises a ditching device arranged in the middle of the front ends of the shell brackets, a conical extrusion device arranged in the middle of the upper end surfaces between the shells, and a hanging frame arranged in the middle of the rear ends of the shell brackets;
the cutter tooth shaft and the auger are connected in the shell bracket in a parallel rotating mode, the two ends of the auger and the cutter tooth shaft are sleeved with belt pulleys, the auger is positioned at the front end of the shell bracket, the outer side of the auger is provided with an auger bin with two ends fixedly connected with two end plates of the shell bracket, the upper end of the inner side of the auger bin is provided with a straw throwing port along the length direction of the auger bin, and a plurality of crushing cutter teeth are uniformly distributed on the cutter tooth shaft;
the secondary crushing and conveying device comprises a blowing bin and a crushing bin which are fixedly connected to an end plate on one side of the shell bracket, wherein the blowing bin and the crushing bin are arranged up and down adjacently, a connecting channel is arranged between one side of the blowing bin and one side of the crushing bin, the blowing bin is communicated with the auger bin, an impeller which is coaxially and fixedly connected with a shaft of the auger is arranged in the blowing bin, a secondary crushing shaft is rotationally connected to the crushing bin, a belt pulley is sleeved at the outer end of the secondary crushing shaft, a belt is sleeved between the belt pulley and a belt pulley of the auger below, a belt is sleeved between the belt pulley at the other end of the auger and the belt pulley on the cutter tooth shaft of the end, a material outlet is arranged on one side of the upper end of the crushing bin, and a straw conveying pipeline is connected to the outlet;
the conical extrusion device comprises a conical extrusion bin transversely and fixedly connected to the middle of the shell bracket and a compression auger matched and connected in the conical extrusion bin, one end of a main shaft of the compression auger extends out of an end cover of the conical extrusion bin and is rotationally connected with the end cover through a bearing, a chain wheel A is sleeved on the extending part of the main shaft, a forming extrusion pipe is coaxially and fixedly connected with the tip end of the conical extrusion bin, a downwards bent extrusion conveying pipe is arranged at the outer end of the forming extrusion pipe, and a pipe forming column coaxially extending into the forming extrusion pipe is arranged at the other end of the main shaft of the compression auger; the upper end of the tail part of the conical extrusion bin is provided with a conical mixing bin communicated with the conical extrusion bin, the upper end of the side wall of the conical mixing bin is provided with a feed inlet along the tangential direction of the side wall, the outer end of the straw conveying pipeline is in butt joint with the feed inlet, the middle part of the top cover of the conical mixing bin is provided with a spray head, one side of the shell bracket is provided with a medicine box, a water pipe is arranged between the spray head and the medicine box, and the lower part of the water pipe is connected with a water pump;
the soil inlet is formed in the middle of the front end of the shell support, two support plates are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the soil inlet, the ditching device comprises a driving sprocket and a driven sprocket which are rotatably connected to two ends of the sprocket support through wheel shafts, and ditching chains connected between the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket, the two ends of the wheel shafts of the driving sprocket are rotatably connected with the support plates on two sides through bearings with seats respectively, bevel gears A are arranged on the wheel shafts extending out of one side of the wheel shafts, hinged plates are arranged on the inner sides of the support plates on one side of the hinged plates, telescopic pushing rods are hinged to the telescopic sections of the telescopic pushing rods and the middle of the sprocket support, the ditching device is connected with the shell support, and the ditching chains are located right above the soil inlet; the two ends of a pin shaft of the ditching chain are respectively protruded out of the outer side surfaces of the outer chain plates on two sides, a cutter seat is fixedly connected between the protruded parts of the outer ends of the two pin shafts on the inner chain plates, ditching cutters and L-shaped platy soil sampling cutters are alternately and fixedly connected on the cutter seats on two sides of the ditching chain, the soil sampling cutters and the outer chain plates are arranged in parallel, a transverse plate at the lower part of the soil sampling cutters is fixedly connected with the cutter seat, a vertical plate of the soil sampling cutters extends out of the outer chain plates of the ditching chain vertically, a soil sampling groove part is arranged on the inner side of the outer end of the vertical plate, a square bottom plate and the vertical plate of the soil sampling groove part are vertically arranged, two cutter-edge-shaped side plates are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the bottom plate along the length direction of the vertical plate, the outer side surfaces of the cutter-edge-shaped side plates are flush with the outer side surfaces of the bottom plate, an included angle alpha is formed between the inner side surface and the bottom plate, and the included angle is 120 DEG is less than or equal to 135 deg.
2. The corn stalk returning device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the ditching device on still be equipped with the protective housing, this protective housing covers the upper portion ditching chain of ditching device, the lower part upper surface both sides of protective housing are equipped with two baffles, extrude the lower part of conveyer pipe and fix between two baffles to extrude the lower port of conveyer pipe and stretch out the lower extreme of ditching device.
3. The corn stalk returning device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the soil inlet is provided with an adjustable sealing plate assembly, the assembly comprises sliding grooves formed in two sides of the soil inlet in the length direction, a sealing plate and an electric push rod, the sealing plate is slidably connected between the two sliding grooves, the fixed end of the electric push rod is hinged to the shell support, and the telescopic end is hinged to the middle of one end of the sealing plate.
4. The corn stalk returning device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the lower extreme of ditching device is equipped with buries the device, and the device includes the square support of horizontal fixed connection in sprocket support lower part, and the support horizontal pole both ends symmetry of this square support outer end is equipped with two square boards that are V font distribution, and the V-arrangement opening that two square boards formed is towards ditching device.
5. The corn stalk returning device as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the square plate and the supporting cross rod are hinged, a plurality of limiting holes are formed in the end portion of the supporting cross rod, an adjusting rod is hinged in the middle of the inner side face of the square plate, a round hole which can correspond to the limiting holes is formed in the outer end of the adjusting rod, and a bolt used for being fixedly connected is arranged between the round hole and the limiting holes.
6. The corn stalk returning device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: ditching cutters at two sides of a ditching chain of the ditching device are staggered, and soil sampling cutters at two sides are staggered.
7. The corn stalk returning device as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the soil sampling cutters are arranged in pairs to form soil sampling cutter groups, and the soil sampling cutter groups and the ditching cutters are alternately and fixedly connected to the cutter seat.
8. The corn stalk returning device as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the cutter seats on two sides of the ditching chain are provided with ditching cutters and soil taking cutters at intervals.
9. The corn stalk returning device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the power transmission device comprises a speed reducer fixed in the middle of the rear end of a shell support, two mutually perpendicular output shafts are arranged on the speed reducer, two output chain wheels are fixedly sleeved on one output shaft, one output chain wheel is connected with a chain wheel A above through a driving chain, one side of the upper end face of the shell support is provided with a transmission shaft A along the width direction, one end of the transmission shaft A is provided with a bevel gear B meshed with the bevel gear A, the other end of the transmission shaft A is provided with a chain wheel B and connected with the other output chain wheel through the driving chain, the other output shaft is coaxially and fixedly connected with a transmission shaft B, and the outer end of the transmission shaft B is provided with a belt pulley and connected with the belt pulley at the other end of a cutter tooth shaft through a belt.
10. The corn stalk returning device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the pipe is characterized in that a lubrication pipeline is arranged above the extrusion conveying pipe, one end of a main lubrication pipe of the pipe lubrication pipeline is connected with a water pipe through a three-way joint, the other end of the main lubrication pipe extends to the lower port of the extrusion conveying pipe along the central line of the extrusion conveying pipe, a radial pipe is arranged at the position, corresponding to a bent pipe section of the extrusion conveying pipe, of the main lubrication pipe, an annular pipe sleeved in the middle of the bent pipe section is connected with the lower end of the radial pipe, a plurality of injection branch pipes communicated with the annular pipe are uniformly distributed on the inner side of the side wall of the annular pipe along the radial direction, and the outer ends of the injection branch pipes are communicated into the bent pipe section.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111380798.3A CN114027017B (en) | 2021-11-20 | 2021-11-20 | Corn stalk returning equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111380798.3A CN114027017B (en) | 2021-11-20 | 2021-11-20 | Corn stalk returning equipment |
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| CN114027017A CN114027017A (en) | 2022-02-11 |
| CN114027017B true CN114027017B (en) | 2023-08-08 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111380798.3A Active CN114027017B (en) | 2021-11-20 | 2021-11-20 | Corn stalk returning equipment |
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| CN (1) | CN114027017B (en) |
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