CN106747708B

CN106747708B - Straw returning, crushing and cake making device

Info

Publication number: CN106747708B
Application number: CN201611131166.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王吉鸿; 张苗苗
Original assignee: Huaibei Hengyuan Engineering Building Materials & Equipment Co ltd
Current assignee: Huaibei Hengyuan Engineering Building Materials & Equipment Co ltd
Priority date: 2016-12-09
Filing date: 2016-12-09
Publication date: 2022-08-23
Anticipated expiration: 2036-12-09
Also published as: CN106747708A

Abstract

The invention discloses a straw returning, smashing and cake making device which comprises a rack, a straw smashing unit, a mud feeding unit, a straw extruding and cake making unit and a transmission mechanism, wherein the straw smashing unit, the mud feeding unit, the straw extruding and cake making unit and the transmission mechanism are arranged in the rack. The invention utilizes the straw crushing unit to crush the straws, the crushed straws are mixed with loose soil mixed with the straw decomposing agent, and the crushed straws are extruded into small straw cakes containing the decomposing agent to directly return to the field through the straw extruding and cake making mechanism, so that the straws are decomposed and decomposed into organic fertilizers in the soil, the soil aggregate structure and the physicochemical properties of water retention, water absorption, adhesion, ventilation, heat preservation and the like are improved, the soil fertility and the organic matter content are increased, and a large amount of waste straws are directly changed into valuables.

Description

Straw returning and crushing cake making device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a straw returning, smashing and cake making device.

Background

The straw returning field has the functions of promoting the decomposition of soil organic matters and increasing the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, improves the energy conservation capacity of soil moisture, and is a strategic choice for protecting the environment and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. The straw is returned to the field, so that the organic matter content of the soil can be effectively increased, the soil is improved, the raw soil curing is accelerated, the soil fertility is improved, the plant characters are improved, the crop yield is improved, the soil characters are improved, the granular structure is increased, and the like. The fertilizer increasing and yield increasing effect of straw returning is remarkable, the yield can be increased by 5-10% generally, and the method is an important way for promoting stable yield, high yield and high speed of agriculture and walking a sustainable development way. However, it is not easy to achieve such an effect, and if the method is improper, adverse effects are often caused, for example, the straws are directly crushed and returned to the field, because the straws are fluffy, the soil moisture preservation effect is poor after shallow burying, the emergence rate of seed particles in the soil is low, the phenomena of seedling shortage and seedling drying in the field are caused, and furthermore, the phenomenon of soil germs increase, crop diseases aggravate and seedling shortage (seedling hardening) and the like are caused due to the fact that the straw pieces are accumulated in the soil. Only by adopting reasonable straw returning measures, good returning effect can be achieved.

Therefore, it is desirable to provide a new mechanical device for returning straws to fields to solve the above problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a device for crushing and making cakes by returning straws to the field, which can accelerate the decomposition of straws and lead the straws to have good effect of returning to the field.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts a technical scheme that: the utility model provides a straw returning smashes system cake device, includes the frame, sets up straw crushing unit, pug feeding unit, straw extrusion system cake unit, the setting in the frame outside drive mechanism, and the straw crushing unit is adjacent with pug feeding unit's position, all is located the top of straw extrusion system cake unit.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the straw crushing unit is used for crushing straws and comprises a collecting hopper, a cutting vertical chopping board arranged on the inner wall of the collecting hopper, a first transmission shaft positioned at the bottom of the collecting hopper, and a plurality of groups of cutting blades arranged on the first transmission shaft, wherein a discharge port of the collecting hopper is positioned at the upper part in the straw pressing and cake making unit.

Furthermore, a plurality of first grooves are formed in the cutting vertical chopping board, the two side faces of the cutting blade and the edges of the first grooves form shearing faces, and straws are crushed when the cutting blade rotates.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pug feeding unit is used for conveying pug and comprises a pug hopper, a second transmission shaft arranged in the middle of the pug hopper and a kickoff device arranged on the second transmission shaft, wherein a discharge port of the pug hopper is positioned at the upper part in the straw extruding and cake making unit.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the straw press cake making unit comprises a pair of press rollers rotating in opposite directions, and the press rollers are both arranged on press roller shafts.

Furthermore, a plurality of second grooves are axially formed in the outer surface of the extrusion roller, and a rib is formed by two adjacent second grooves. In the process that the two extrusion rollers rotate in opposite directions, the adjacent convex edges and the second grooves on the two extrusion rollers form a mud cake extrusion space, and materials are extruded to form straw mud cakes.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the transmission mechanism comprises a first transmission shaft belt wheel and a second transmission shaft belt wheel which are positioned at the shaft ends of the first transmission shaft, a kicker belt wheel, a kicker transmission belt, an extrusion roller transmission belt, a first linkage gear, a second linkage gear and an extrusion wheel belt wheel which are positioned at the shaft ends of the extrusion roller shafts, the first transmission shaft belt wheel and the kicker belt wheel are connected through the kicker transmission belt, the extrusion wheel belt wheel is positioned at the shaft end of one of the extrusion roller shafts, the extrusion wheel belt wheel and the second transmission shaft belt wheel are connected through the extrusion roller transmission belt, and the first linkage gear and the second linkage gear are matched with each other.

Furthermore, the pug in the pug feeding unit comprises a decomposing agent and soil, and the pug can accelerate the decomposition of the straws after being mixed with the crushed straws.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cutting blade is at an angle of 20-30 degrees to the axial direction of the first drive shaft, which facilitates the continuous cutting and feeding of the straw.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the straw cutting machine has a simple structure, and adopts a straw cutting technology to mix and stir the crushed straws, the decomposing agent and soil, extrude the crushed straws into a slender mud cake and return the mud cake to the field, so that the straw decomposition is accelerated, the nutrient substances of the straws are fully and completely retained in the soil, the organic matter content of the soil and the contents of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like are increased, the soil structure is improved, and the harm of diseases and pests is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a device for crushing and making cake by returning stalks to fields;

FIG. 2 is a view from the direction A of the straw crushing unit;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view C-C of FIG. 1;

the parts in the drawings are numbered as follows: 1. the straw cutting machine comprises a frame, 2, a straw crushing unit, 21, a collecting hopper, 22, a cutting vertical cutting board, 221, a first groove, 23, a first transmission shaft, 24, a cutting blade, 25, a first transmission shaft belt wheel, 26, a second transmission shaft belt wheel, 3, a mud feeding unit, 31, a mud hopper, 32, a second transmission shaft, 33, a kick-out device, 34, a kick-out device belt wheel, 35, a kick-out device transmission belt, 4, a straw extrusion cake making unit, 41, an extrusion roller, 411, a second groove, 42, an extrusion roller shaft, 43, a rib, 44, an extrusion roller transmission belt, 45, a first linkage gear, 46, a second linkage gear, 47, an extrusion roller belt wheel, 5 and a straw collector.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will make the advantages and features of the invention easier to understand by those skilled in the art, and thus will clearly and clearly define the scope of the invention.

Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention includes:

a straw returning and crushing cake making device comprises a frame 1, a straw crushing unit 2 arranged in the frame 1, a mud feeding unit 3, a straw extruding and cake making unit 4 and a transmission mechanism arranged outside the frame 1. The straw crushing unit 2 is adjacent to the position of the pug feeding unit 3 and is positioned above the straw extruding and cake making unit 4, so that the crushed straws and the decomposing inoculant can be uniformly mixed.

The straw crushing unit 2 comprises a collecting hopper 21, a cutting vertical cutting board 22 arranged on the inner wall of the collecting hopper 21, a first transmission shaft 23 positioned at the bottom of the collecting hopper 21, and a plurality of groups of cutting blades 24 installed on the first transmission shaft 23, wherein in combination with the figure 2, the cutting vertical cutting board 22 is provided with a plurality of first grooves 221, the cutting blades 24 rotate clockwise in the first grooves 221, the two side surfaces of the cutting blades 24 and the edges of the first grooves 221 form shearing surfaces, and straws are crushed when the cutting blades 24 rotate. The cutting blade 24 has an angle of 20-30 degrees with the axial direction of the first transmission shaft 23, which is beneficial for the continuous cutting and feeding of the straws.

The mud feeding unit 3 comprises a mud hopper 31, a second transmission shaft 32 arranged in the middle of the mud hopper 31 and a kickoff 33 arranged on the second transmission shaft 32; the straw extruding and cake making unit 4 comprises a pair of extruding rollers 41 which rotate oppositely, the extruding rollers 41 are arranged on an extruding roller shaft 42, a plurality of second grooves 411 are axially arranged on the outer surface of the extruding rollers 41, and a convex rib 43 is formed by two adjacent second grooves 411; the discharge ports of the collecting hopper 21 and the sludge hopper 31 are both positioned above the two squeeze rollers 41.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the transmission mechanism includes a first transmission shaft pulley 25 and a second transmission shaft pulley 26 located at the shaft ends of the first transmission shaft 23, a kickoff pulley 34 located at the shaft end of the second transmission shaft 32, a kickoff transmission belt 35, a squeezing roller transmission belt 44, a first linkage gear 45 located at the shaft end of the squeezing roller shaft 42, a second linkage gear 46, and a squeezing roller pulley 47. The first transmission wheel belt wheel 25 is connected with the kick-out device belt wheel 34 through a kick-out device transmission belt 35 to rotate, the extrusion wheel belt wheel 47 is positioned at the shaft end of one extrusion roller shaft 42, the second transmission wheel belt wheel 26 is connected with the extrusion wheel belt wheel 47 through an extrusion roller transmission belt 44 to drive the extrusion roller 41 with the extrusion wheel belt wheel 47 to rotate, the first linkage gear 45 is matched with the second linkage gear 46, and the other extrusion roller 41 is in meshing transmission with the second linkage gear 46 through the first linkage gear 45 to enable the two extrusion rollers 41 to rotate oppositely.

The working process of the straw returning, smashing and cake making device is that straw is conveyed into a collecting hopper 21 through a straw collector 5 by straw collecting equipment from the ground, a cutting blade 24 continuously conveys the straw to a cutting vertical cutting board 22 and smashes the straw along with continuous rotation of a first transmission shaft 23, and meanwhile, the smashed straw is transmitted to the upper part of an extrusion roller 41 of a straw extrusion cake making unit 4. Loose soil containing a certain proportion of a decomposing agent is conveyed into the mud hopper 31, and the mud is conveyed to the lower end of the mud hopper 31 under the continuous rotation of the kick-out device 33 and then drops to the upper part of the extrusion roller 41. The two extrusion rollers 41 rotate rapidly in opposite directions to mix the crushed straws with loose soil mixed with the straw decomposition agent, in the process that the two extrusion rollers 41 rotate in opposite directions, the adjacent convex ribs 43 and the second grooves 411 on the two extrusion rollers 41 form a mud cake extrusion space, the extruded materials form straw mud cakes, and when the opposite convex ribs 43 of the two extrusion rollers 41 contact again, the formed straw mud cakes are thrown on the ground.

The invention has simple structure, adopts the straw cutting technology, mixes and stirs the crushed straws, the decomposing agent and the soil, extrudes the mixture into a slender mud cake, and returns the mud cake to the field, accelerates the decomposition of the straws, leads the straws to be decomposed into organic fertilizer in the soil, improves the soil granular structure and the physicochemical properties of water retention, water absorption, adhesion, ventilation, heat preservation and the like, increases the soil fertility and the organic matter content, and leads a large amount of waste straws to be directly changed into valuables.

The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A straw returning-to-field smashing and cake making device comprises a rack and is characterized by further comprising a straw smashing unit, a pug feeding unit, a straw extruding and cake making unit and a transmission mechanism, wherein the straw smashing unit, the pug feeding unit, the straw extruding and cake making unit and the transmission mechanism are arranged outside the rack;

the straw crushing unit comprises a collecting hopper, a cutting vertical cutting board arranged on the inner wall of the collecting hopper, a first transmission shaft positioned at the bottom of the collecting hopper, and a plurality of groups of cutting blades arranged on the first transmission shaft, wherein a discharge port of the collecting hopper is positioned at the upper part in the straw extruding and cake making unit; a plurality of first grooves are formed in the cutting vertical cutting board, the two side faces of the cutting blade and the edges of the first grooves form shearing faces, and an included angle of 20-30 degrees is formed between the cutting blade and the axial direction of the first transmission shaft.

2. The straw returning-to-field smashing and cake making device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mud feeding unit comprises a mud hopper, a second transmission shaft arranged in the middle of the mud hopper, and a kickoff mounted on the second transmission shaft, and a discharge port of the mud hopper is positioned at the upper part in the straw extruding and cake making unit.

3. The straw returning field crushing and cake making device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the straw crushing and cake making unit comprises a pair of crushing rollers rotating in opposite directions, and the crushing rollers are mounted on the crushing roller shafts.

4. The straw returning-to-field smashing and cake making device as claimed in claim 3, wherein a plurality of second grooves are axially formed in the outer surface of the squeezing roller, and every two adjacent second grooves form a rib.

5. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transmission mechanism comprises a first transmission shaft belt wheel and a second transmission shaft belt wheel at the shaft ends of the first transmission shaft, a kickoff belt wheel, a squeezing roller belt wheel, a first linkage gear, a second linkage gear and a squeezing wheel belt wheel at the shaft ends of the squeezing roller shafts, the first transmission shaft belt wheel and the kickoff belt wheel are connected through the kickoff belt wheel, the squeezing wheel belt wheel is at the shaft end of one of the squeezing roller shafts, the squeezing wheel belt wheel and the second transmission shaft belt wheel are connected through the squeezing roller belt wheel, and the first linkage gear and the second linkage gear are mutually matched.

6. The straw returning-to-field smashing and cake making device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pug in the pug feeding unit comprises a decomposition agent and soil.