CN114014723A - Process for producing fertilizer based on organic matter raw materials such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straws and the like - Google Patents
Process for producing fertilizer based on organic matter raw materials such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straws and the like Download PDFInfo
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- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 235000010855 food raising agent Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002367 phosphate rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 39
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 26
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
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- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000194107 Bacillus megaterium Species 0.000 claims description 6
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- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000193388 Bacillus thuringiensis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000751139 Beauveria bassiana Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000881860 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000187747 Streptomyces Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000223260 Trichoderma harzianum Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007633 bacillus mucilaginosus Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940097012 bacillus thuringiensis Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
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- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000234435 Lilium Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 208000027219 Deficiency disease Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 9
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 241001104043 Syringa Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000004338 Syringa vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000018343 nutrient deficiency Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a process for producing a fertilizer based on organic matter raw materials such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straws and the like, which relates to the technical field of fertilizer production and comprises the following steps: preparing raw materials, fermenting excrement, fermenting straws, stirring and feeding, detecting content, extruding particles and preparing oil shells; according to the invention, the dry chicken manure is piled into strips, the manure leavening agent, the bioactive enzyme and the phosphate rock powder are added, the action of the phosphate rock powder is utilized to absorb moisture, the water is rapidly cured, the trace elements are added to replace humic acid, the cost is reduced, the chicken manure is favorably accelerated to be thoroughly decomposed, the straws are fermented into plant fertilizers and mixed with the solid organic fertilizer prepared from the chicken manure, and the plant fertilizers are matched with the chitosan, the trace elements and the microbial flora, so that the comprehensive nutrition required by crops can be supplemented, the occurrence of deficiency disease is reduced, the beneficial microbial flora missing in soil is supplemented, the bacteria is controlled, the diseases and the insects are prevented, the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium remained in the soil are activated, and the crops can absorb for the second time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer production, in particular to a process for producing a fertilizer based on organic matter raw materials such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straws and the like.
Background
The fertilizer is a substance which provides one or more nutrient elements necessary for plants, improves the soil property and improves the soil fertility level, is one of the material bases of agricultural production, and mainly comprises ammonium phosphate fertilizers, macroelement water-soluble fertilizers, secondary element fertilizers, biological fertilizers, organic fertilizers, multi-dimensional field energy concentrated organic fertilizers and the like;
in the prior art, in order to recycle livestock and poultry manure, the manure is often prepared into decomposed fertilizer, namely the decomposed fertilizer, the fertilizer is formed by mixing various fresh livestock manure and gasket materials, the fertilizer is prepared by fermenting organic fertilizer at high temperature or normal temperature under sealed or airtight environmental conditions, the fertilizer is easy to decompose incompletely, has a lot of germs and slow fertilizer efficiency, and therefore, the invention provides a process for producing the fertilizer based on organic matter raw materials such as the livestock and poultry manure and crop straws and the like to solve the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a process for producing a fertilizer based on organic matter raw materials such as livestock manure, crop straws and the like, which is characterized in that dry chicken manure is piled into strips, manure leavening agent, bioactive enzyme and phosphate rock powder are added, the phosphate rock powder is utilized to absorb moisture, the moisture is quickly cured, trace elements are added, humic acid is replaced, the cost is reduced, the chicken manure is accelerated, and the manure is thoroughly cured.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the process for producing the fertilizer based on organic matter raw materials such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straws and the like comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing the raw materials
Transporting fresh chicken manure and pig urine from a chicken coop, carrying out solid-liquid separation on the fresh chicken manure by using a solid-liquid separator to obtain dry chicken manure, then weighing straws as base materials, cleaning to remove surface stains, and drying to obtain dry straws;
step two: fermentation of manure
Digging and building a fermentation tank, putting the dried chicken manure into the fermentation tank, stacking the chicken manure into strips, adding a manure leavening agent, then adding bioactive enzyme and powdered rock phosphate, fermenting for 4-8 days to obtain an odorless solid organic fertilizer, and reserving the odorless solid organic fertilizer for later use;
step three: straw fermentation
Preparing pig urine and lime, putting dry straws into an empty fermentation tank, laying a layer, immediately spraying the pig urine and a liquid manure leavening agent, then spraying the lime, then covering a layer of fine soil, repeating the steps, stacking the layers, covering a layer of fine soil on the outermost layer, sealing for 2-3 months, and turning over the soil layer to obtain the plant fertilizer;
step four: stirring and charging
Turning over the plant fertilizer, mixing and stirring the plant fertilizer with odorless solid organic fertilizer, adding chitosan and trace elements for stirring, carrying out heat preservation and sealing treatment for 15-25 days after stirring, adding microbial flora, and carrying out heat preservation and sealing treatment again for 5-10 days to obtain a compound fertilizer;
step five: content detection
Detecting the compound fertilizer, detecting the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, ammonia nitrogen and organic matters in the compound fertilizer, and adding a soil activator into the compound fertilizer after the compound fertilizer meets the standard to obtain a semi-finished fertilizer;
step six: extruded particles
Separating moisture from the semi-finished fertilizer, drying, compacting, rapidly extruding and shaping into strips by adopting a high-speed extrusion process, drying, cutting and breaking into particles;
step seven: preparation of oil Shell
And (3) preparing soybean rapeseed oil and soybean rapeseed plant fiber, mixing to obtain oil soil, immersing the particles obtained in the step six in the oil soil to form oil coating, drying, and forming oil shells outside the particles to obtain a finished product.
The further improvement lies in that: in the first step, the water content of the chicken manure is controlled to be 15% -30%, and in the first step, the dry straws are cut into the length of 10-30cm by a guillotine.
The further improvement lies in that: in the second step, the concrete process of digging and building the fermentation tank is as follows: selecting a region which is leeward and exposed to the sun, flat in terrain and compact in ground, firstly tamping the ground, digging a deep pit, then digging a cross-shaped ditch at the bottom of the deep pit, wherein the cross-shaped ditch is communicated with an external seepage pool, and the seepage pool is sealed in a soil layer.
The further improvement lies in that: in the second step, the excrement leavening agent is added according to equal weight, and the equal weight is 200g of excrement leavening agent/1 m3And (2) drying the chicken manure, wherein the adding amount of the bioactive enzyme is 30mg/1g of manure leavening agent, in the second step, performing primary aeration when the fermentation is carried out for the next day, raising the temperature to 60 ℃ within 24 hours, reducing the temperature to below 50 ℃ after 48 hours, performing sealed fermentation in summer, and covering a fermented manure pile with a straw curtain and a film without sealing in winter.
The further improvement lies in that: and in the third step, putting the dry straws into an empty fermentation tank, paving a layer of the dry straws with the thickness of 23-26cm, spraying the pig urine and the liquid manure leavening agent immediately, spraying ash on the layer until the layer is thoroughly wetted, covering a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 15-22cm, repeating the steps, overlapping the layers until the thickness is 1.7-2m, and covering a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 10cm on the outermost layer.
The further improvement lies in that: in the third step, the raw materials are prepared according to the following mass ratio: 5-8 parts of dry straw, 1-2 parts of pig urine, 5-8 parts of fine soil and 0.5-1 part of lime.
The further improvement lies in that: in the third step, the liquid manure leaven is obtained by mixing and stirring a fluid leaven, brown sugar and warm water for 24-48h and preserving the heat at 20 ℃, and the effective period is half a month.
The further improvement lies in that: in the fourth step, the trace elements comprise micro-fertilizers, multienzymes and polypeptides, and in the fourth step, the microbial flora comprises 1-3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2-4 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 1-4 parts of lilium purple spore bacteria, 1-3 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 2-5 parts of EM bacteria, 2-5 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 1-3 parts of bacillus megaterium, 2-5 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 2-4 parts of streptomyces jingyangensis, 1-3 parts of photosynthetic flora and 1-4 parts of beauveria bassiana.
The further improvement lies in that: in the sixth step, the granulation comprises the following specific processes: and (3) putting the semi-finished fertilizer into a centrifuge for separating water, drying by hot air to reduce the water content to below 1%, then sending the semi-finished fertilizer into an extruder, pre-compressing by a feeding screw, compacting the mixture, rapidly extruding and shaping into strips by adopting a high-speed extrusion process, drying, and cutting by a granulator to generate particles with the diameter of 2-3 mm.
The further improvement lies in that: in the seventh step, the organic matter content of the oil soil is controlled to be 30-40%, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is controlled to be 5-10%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the dry chicken manure is piled into strips, the manure leavening agent, the bioactive enzyme and the phosphate rock powder are added, the phosphate rock powder is utilized to absorb moisture, the chicken manure is quickly cured, the trace elements are added, the humic acid is replaced, the cost is reduced, the chicken manure is accelerated, and the chicken manure is thoroughly decomposed.
2. The invention ferments the straw into plant fertilizer, and mix with solid organic fertilizer prepared from chicken manure, cooperate with the addition of chitosan, microelements and microbial flora, can supplement the comprehensive nutrition needed by crops, reduce the occurrence of nutrient deficiency, supplement the beneficial flora lacked in the soil, inhibit the bacteria, prevent diseases, expel parasites, activate the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium remained in the soil, make the crops absorb for the second time, compare with applying simple azophoska or compound fertilizer, through proving, the absorptivity of the invention can be improved by about 30-50%, and can make the nitrogen fertilizer release slowly and long-term, make its nutrition more comprehensive, really achieve the nutrient without short board.
3. The invention utilizes the soybean rapeseed oil and the soybean rapeseed plant fiber to prepare the oil soil, and utilizes the oil soil to form the oil coating outside the fertilizer particles, thereby not only providing most inorganic nutrients and being easier to be absorbed and utilized by crops, but also leading the fertilizer particles to be round and smooth, and being capable of replacing the function of clay when in use.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the present invention, the following detailed description will be made with reference to the following examples, which are only used for explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment provides a process for producing a fertilizer based on organic materials such as livestock and poultry manure and crop straws, which includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing the raw materials
Transporting fresh chicken manure and pig urine from a chicken coop, carrying out solid-liquid separation on the fresh chicken manure by using a solid-liquid separator, controlling the water content of the chicken manure to be 15% to obtain dry chicken manure, weighing straws as base materials, cleaning the straws, removing surface stains, drying to obtain dry straws, and cutting the dry straws into the length of 20cm by using a guillotine;
step two: fermentation of manure
Digging and building a fermentation tank, and the concrete process is as follows: selecting a region which is leeward and exposed to the sun, has flat terrain and compact ground, tamping the ground, digging a deep pit, digging a cross-shaped ditch at the bottom of the deep pit, wherein the cross-shaped ditch is communicated with an external liquid seepage pool, the liquid seepage pool is sealed in a soil layer, then putting dry chicken manure into a fermentation pool, piling the chicken manure into strips, adding an excrement leavening agent, and then adding bioactive enzyme and powdered rock phosphate, wherein the excrement leavening agent is added according to equal component, and the equal component is 200g of the excrement leavening agent per 1m3Fermenting the chicken manure with 30mg/1g of manure leaven for 4-8 days, performing primary aeration when the fermentation is carried out for the next day, heating the chicken manure to 60 ℃ within 24 hours, cooling the chicken manure to below 50 ℃ after 48 hours, performing sealed fermentation in summer, and covering a straw curtain and a film on the fermented manure pile without sealing in winter to obtain an odorless solid organic fertilizer for later use;
step three: straw fermentation
Preparing raw materials according to the following mass ratio: putting dry straws 6 parts, pig urine 2 parts, fine soil 6 parts and lime 1 part into an empty fermentation tank, laying a layer of the dry straws 25cm thick, spraying the pig urine and a liquid manure leavening agent immediately, mixing and stirring the liquid manure leavening agent by a fluid leavening agent, brown sugar and warm water for 38 hours, keeping the temperature at 20 ℃ to obtain the liquid manure leavening agent, wherein the effective period is half a month, the spraying of the pig urine and the liquid manure leavening agent is carried out until the layer is thoroughly wetted, then spraying ash, covering a layer of fine soil 20cm thick, repeating the steps, overlapping the layers to 2m thick, covering a layer of fine soil 10cm thick on the outermost layer, sealing the layer for 3 months, and turning over the soil layer to obtain a plant fertilizer;
step four: stirring and charging
Turning plant fertilizers, mixing and stirring the plant fertilizers and odorless solid organic fertilizers, adding chitosan and trace elements for stirring, wherein the trace elements comprise trace fertilizers, multienzymes and polypeptides, performing heat preservation and sealing treatment for 20 days after stirring, adding microbial flora, wherein the microbial flora comprises 1 part of bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 1 part of lilac purple spore fungus, 1 part of trichoderma harzianum, 2 parts of EM (effective microorganisms), 2 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 1 part of bacillus megaterium, 2 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 2 parts of streptomyces jingyangensis, 1 part of photosynthetic flora and 1 part of beauveria bassiana, and performing heat preservation and sealing treatment for 5-10 days again to obtain a compound fertilizer;
step five: content detection
Detecting the compound fertilizer, detecting the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, ammonia nitrogen and organic matters in the compound fertilizer, and adding a soil activator into the compound fertilizer after the compound fertilizer meets the standard to obtain a semi-finished fertilizer;
step six: extruded particles
Putting the semi-finished fertilizer into a centrifuge to separate water, drying by hot air to reduce the water content to below 1%, then sending the semi-finished fertilizer into an extruder, pre-compressing by a feeding screw, compacting the mixture, rapidly extruding and shaping into strips by adopting a high-speed extrusion process, drying, and cutting by a granulator to generate particles with the diameter of 2.5 mm;
step seven: preparation of oil Shell
Preparing soybean rapeseed oil and soybean rapeseed plant fiber, mixing to obtain oil soil, controlling the organic matter content of the oil soil to be 30% and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content to be 10%, immersing the particles obtained in the sixth step in the oil soil to form an oil coating, drying the oil coating, and forming an oil shell outside the particles to obtain a finished product.
Example two
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment provides a process for producing a fertilizer based on organic materials such as livestock and poultry manure and crop straws, which includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing the raw materials
Transporting fresh chicken manure and pig urine from a chicken coop, carrying out solid-liquid separation on the fresh chicken manure by using a solid-liquid separator, controlling the water content of the chicken manure to be 15% to obtain dry chicken manure, weighing straws as base materials, cleaning the straws, removing surface stains, drying to obtain dry straws, and cutting the dry straws into the length of 20cm by using a guillotine;
step two: fermentation of manure
Digging and building a fermentation tank, and the concrete process is as follows: selecting a region which is leeward and exposed to the sun, has flat terrain and compact ground, tamping the ground, digging a deep pit, digging a cross-shaped ditch at the bottom of the deep pit, wherein the cross-shaped ditch is communicated with an external liquid seepage pool, the liquid seepage pool is sealed in a soil layer, then putting dry chicken manure into a fermentation pool, piling the chicken manure into strips, adding an excrement leavening agent, and then adding bioactive enzyme and powdered rock phosphate, wherein the excrement leavening agent is added according to equal component, and the equal component is 200g of the excrement leavening agent per 1m3Fermenting the chicken manure with 30mg/1g of manure leaven for 4-8 days, performing primary aeration when the fermentation is carried out for the next day, heating the chicken manure to 60 ℃ within 24 hours, cooling the chicken manure to below 50 ℃ after 48 hours, performing sealed fermentation in summer, and covering a straw curtain and a film on the fermented manure pile without sealing in winter to obtain an odorless solid organic fertilizer for later use;
step three: straw fermentation
Preparing raw materials according to the following mass ratio: putting dry straws 6 parts, pig urine 2 parts, fine soil 6 parts and lime 1 part into an empty fermentation tank, laying a layer of the dry straws 25cm thick, spraying the pig urine and a liquid manure leavening agent immediately, mixing and stirring the liquid manure leavening agent by a fluid leavening agent, brown sugar and warm water for 38 hours, keeping the temperature at 20 ℃ to obtain the liquid manure leavening agent, wherein the effective period is half a month, the spraying of the pig urine and the liquid manure leavening agent is carried out until the layer is thoroughly wetted, then spraying ash, covering a layer of fine soil 20cm thick, repeating the steps, overlapping the layers to 2m thick, covering a layer of fine soil 10cm thick on the outermost layer, sealing the layer for 3 months, and turning over the soil layer to obtain a plant fertilizer;
step four: stirring and charging
Turning plant fertilizers, mixing and stirring the plant fertilizers and odorless solid organic fertilizers, adding chitosan and trace elements for stirring, wherein the trace elements comprise trace fertilizers, multienzymes and polypeptides, performing heat preservation and sealing treatment for 20 days after stirring, adding microbial flora, wherein the microbial flora comprises 2 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 3 parts of lilac purple spore bacteria, 2 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 3 parts of EM (effective microorganisms), 4 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 2 parts of bacillus megaterium, 4 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 3 parts of streptomyces jingyangensis, 2 parts of photosynthetic flora and 3 parts of beauveria bassiana, and performing heat preservation and sealing treatment for 5-10 days again to obtain a compound fertilizer;
step five: content detection
Detecting the compound fertilizer, detecting the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, ammonia nitrogen and organic matters in the compound fertilizer, and adding a soil activator into the compound fertilizer after the compound fertilizer meets the standard to obtain a semi-finished fertilizer;
step six: extruded particles
Putting the semi-finished fertilizer into a centrifuge to separate water, drying by hot air to reduce the water content to below 1%, then sending the semi-finished fertilizer into an extruder, pre-compressing by a feeding screw, compacting the mixture, rapidly extruding and shaping into strips by adopting a high-speed extrusion process, drying, and cutting by a granulator to generate particles with the diameter of 2.5 mm;
step seven: preparation of oil Shell
Preparing soybean rapeseed oil and soybean rapeseed plant fiber, mixing to obtain oil soil, controlling the organic matter content of the oil soil to be 30% and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content to be 10%, immersing the particles obtained in the sixth step in the oil soil to form an oil coating, drying the oil coating, and forming an oil shell outside the particles to obtain a finished product.
EXAMPLE III
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment provides a process for producing a fertilizer based on organic materials such as livestock and poultry manure and crop straws, which includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing the raw materials
Transporting fresh chicken manure and pig urine from a chicken coop, carrying out solid-liquid separation on the fresh chicken manure by using a solid-liquid separator, controlling the water content of the chicken manure to be 15% to obtain dry chicken manure, weighing straws as base materials, cleaning the straws, removing surface stains, drying to obtain dry straws, and cutting the dry straws into the length of 20cm by using a guillotine;
step two: fermentation of manure
Digging and building a fermentation tank, and the concrete process is as follows: selecting a region which is leeward and exposed to the sun, has flat terrain and compact ground, tamping the ground, digging a deep pit, digging a cross-shaped ditch at the bottom of the deep pit, wherein the cross-shaped ditch is communicated with an external liquid seepage pool, the liquid seepage pool is sealed in a soil layer, then putting dry chicken manure into a fermentation pool, piling the chicken manure into strips, adding an excrement leavening agent, and then adding bioactive enzyme and powdered rock phosphate, wherein the excrement leavening agent is added according to equal component, and the equal component is 200g of the excrement leavening agent per 1m3Fermenting the chicken manure with 30mg/1g of manure leaven for 4-8 days, performing primary aeration when the fermentation is carried out for the next day, heating the chicken manure to 60 ℃ within 24 hours, cooling the chicken manure to below 50 ℃ after 48 hours, performing sealed fermentation in summer, and covering a straw curtain and a film on the fermented manure pile without sealing in winter to obtain an odorless solid organic fertilizer for later use;
step three: straw fermentation
Preparing raw materials according to the following mass ratio: putting dry straws 6 parts, pig urine 2 parts, fine soil 6 parts and lime 1 part into an empty fermentation tank, laying a layer of the dry straws 25cm thick, spraying the pig urine and a liquid manure leavening agent immediately, mixing and stirring the liquid manure leavening agent by a fluid leavening agent, brown sugar and warm water for 38 hours, keeping the temperature at 20 ℃ to obtain the liquid manure leavening agent, wherein the effective period is half a month, the spraying of the pig urine and the liquid manure leavening agent is carried out until the layer is thoroughly wetted, then spraying ash, covering a layer of fine soil 20cm thick, repeating the steps, overlapping the layers to 2m thick, covering a layer of fine soil 10cm thick on the outermost layer, sealing the layer for 3 months, and turning over the soil layer to obtain a plant fertilizer;
step four: stirring and charging
Turning plant fertilizers, mixing and stirring the plant fertilizers and odorless solid organic fertilizers, adding chitosan and trace elements for stirring, wherein the trace elements comprise trace fertilizers, multienzymes and polypeptides, performing heat preservation and sealing treatment for 20 days after stirring, adding microbial flora, wherein the microbial flora comprises 3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 4 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 4 parts of lilac purple spore bacteria, 3 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 5 parts of EM (effective microorganisms), 5 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 3 parts of bacillus megaterium, 5 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 4 parts of streptomyces jingyangensis, 3 parts of photosynthetic flora and 4 parts of beauveria bassiana, and performing heat preservation and sealing treatment for 5-10 days again to obtain a compound fertilizer;
step five: content detection
Detecting the compound fertilizer, detecting the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, ammonia nitrogen and organic matters in the compound fertilizer, and adding a soil activator into the compound fertilizer after the compound fertilizer meets the standard to obtain a semi-finished fertilizer;
step six: extruded particles
Putting the semi-finished fertilizer into a centrifuge to separate water, drying by hot air to reduce the water content to below 1%, then sending the semi-finished fertilizer into an extruder, pre-compressing by a feeding screw, compacting the mixture, rapidly extruding and shaping into strips by adopting a high-speed extrusion process, drying, and cutting by a granulator to generate particles with the diameter of 2.5 mm;
step seven: preparation of oil Shell
Preparing soybean rapeseed oil and soybean rapeseed plant fiber, mixing to obtain oil soil, controlling the organic matter content of the oil soil to be 30% and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content to be 10%, immersing the particles obtained in the sixth step in the oil soil to form an oil coating, drying the oil coating, and forming an oil shell outside the particles to obtain a finished product.
According to the first embodiment, the second embodiment and the third embodiment, in the invention, by adding: 1-3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2-4 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 1-4 parts of lilac violet spore bacteria, 1-3 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 2-5 parts of EM (effective microorganisms), 2-5 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 1-3 parts of bacillus megaterium, 2-5 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 2-4 parts of streptomyces jingyangensis, 1-3 parts of photosynthetic flora and 1-4 parts of beauveria bassiana, so that the fertilizer can play an effective role in nitrogen fixation, phosphorus and potassium dissolution, the fertilizer effect is prolonged, and the metabolites of beneficial bacteria also have extremely high nutrient nutrients.
Verification example:
| species of | Absorption rate (%) |
| Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer | 35-70 |
| Compound fertilizer | 30-65 |
| The invention | >90 |
According to the invention, the dry chicken manure is piled into strips, the manure leavening agent, the bioactive enzyme and the phosphate rock powder are added, the phosphate rock powder is utilized to absorb moisture, the chicken manure is quickly cured, the trace elements are added, the humic acid is replaced, the cost is reduced, the chicken manure is accelerated, and the chicken manure is thoroughly decomposed. The straw is fermented into the plant fertilizer, and is mixed with the solid organic fertilizer prepared from the chicken manure, and the plant fertilizer is matched with the addition of chitosan, trace elements and microbial flora, so that the comprehensive nutrition required by crops can be supplemented, the occurrence of nutrient deficiency is reduced, the missing beneficial flora in soil is supplemented, bacteria are inhibited, diseases are prevented, insects are repelled, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium remained in the soil are activated, so that the crops can absorb for the second time. Meanwhile, the invention utilizes the soybean rapeseed oil and the soybean rapeseed plant fiber to prepare the oil soil, and utilizes the oil soil to form the oil coating outside the fertilizer particles, thereby not only providing most inorganic nutrients and being easier to be absorbed and utilized by crops, but also ensuring that the fertilizer particles are round and smooth and can replace the function of clay when in use.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A process for producing a fertilizer based on organic matter raw materials such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straws and the like is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing the raw materials
Transporting fresh chicken manure and pig urine from a chicken coop, carrying out solid-liquid separation on the fresh chicken manure by using a solid-liquid separator to obtain dry chicken manure, then weighing straws as base materials, cleaning to remove surface stains, and drying to obtain dry straws;
step two: fermentation of manure
Digging and building a fermentation tank, putting the dried chicken manure into the fermentation tank, stacking the chicken manure into strips, adding a manure leavening agent, then adding bioactive enzyme and powdered rock phosphate, fermenting for 4-8 days to obtain an odorless solid organic fertilizer, and reserving the odorless solid organic fertilizer for later use;
step three: straw fermentation
Preparing pig urine and lime, putting dry straws into an empty fermentation tank, laying a layer, immediately spraying the pig urine and a liquid manure leavening agent, then spraying the lime, then covering a layer of fine soil, repeating the steps, stacking the layers, covering a layer of fine soil on the outermost layer, sealing for 2-3 months, and turning over the soil layer to obtain the plant fertilizer;
step four: stirring and charging
Turning over the plant fertilizer, mixing and stirring the plant fertilizer with odorless solid organic fertilizer, adding chitosan and trace elements for stirring, carrying out heat preservation and sealing treatment for 15-25 days after stirring, adding microbial flora, and carrying out heat preservation and sealing treatment again for 5-10 days to obtain a compound fertilizer;
step five: content detection
Detecting the compound fertilizer, detecting the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, ammonia nitrogen and organic matters in the compound fertilizer, and adding a soil activator into the compound fertilizer after the compound fertilizer meets the standard to obtain a semi-finished fertilizer;
step six: extruded particles
Separating moisture from the semi-finished fertilizer, drying, compacting, rapidly extruding and shaping into strips by adopting a high-speed extrusion process, drying, cutting and breaking into particles;
step seven: preparation of oil Shell
And (3) preparing soybean rapeseed oil and soybean rapeseed plant fiber, mixing to obtain oil soil, immersing the particles obtained in the step six in the oil soil to form oil coating, drying, and forming oil shells outside the particles to obtain a finished product.
2. The process for producing the fertilizer based on the organic matter raw materials such as the livestock and poultry manure, the crop straws and the like as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the first step, the water content of the chicken manure is controlled to be 15% -30%, and in the first step, the dry straws are cut into the length of 10-30cm by a guillotine.
3. The process for producing the fertilizer based on the organic matter raw materials such as the livestock and poultry manure, the crop straws and the like as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the second step, the concrete process of digging and building the fermentation tank is as follows: selecting a region which is leeward and exposed to the sun, flat in terrain and compact in ground, firstly tamping the ground, digging a deep pit, then digging a cross-shaped ditch at the bottom of the deep pit, wherein the cross-shaped ditch is communicated with an external seepage pool, and the seepage pool is sealed in a soil layer.
4. The process for producing the fertilizer based on the organic matter raw materials such as the livestock and poultry manure, the crop straws and the like as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in the second step, the excrement leavening agent is added according to equal weight, and the equal weight is 200g of excrement leavening agent/1 m3And (2) drying the chicken manure, wherein the adding amount of the bioactive enzyme is 30mg/1g of manure leavening agent, in the second step, performing primary aeration when the fermentation is carried out for the next day, raising the temperature to 60 ℃ within 24 hours, reducing the temperature to below 50 ℃ after 48 hours, performing sealed fermentation in summer, and covering a fermented manure pile with a straw curtain and a film without sealing in winter.
5. The process for producing the fertilizer based on the organic matter raw materials such as the livestock and poultry manure, the crop straws and the like as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: and in the third step, putting the dry straws into an empty fermentation tank, paving a layer of the dry straws with the thickness of 23-26cm, spraying the pig urine and the liquid manure leavening agent immediately, spraying ash on the layer until the layer is thoroughly wetted, covering a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 15-22cm, repeating the steps, overlapping the layers until the thickness is 1.7-2m, and covering a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 10cm on the outermost layer.
6. The process for producing the fertilizer based on the organic matter raw materials such as the livestock and poultry manure, the crop straws and the like as claimed in claim 5, wherein: in the third step, the raw materials are prepared according to the following mass ratio: 5-8 parts of dry straw, 1-2 parts of pig urine, 5-8 parts of fine soil and 0.5-1 part of lime.
7. The process for producing the fertilizer based on the organic matter raw materials such as the livestock and poultry manure, the crop straws and the like as claimed in claim 6, wherein: in the third step, the liquid manure leaven is obtained by mixing and stirring a fluid leaven, brown sugar and warm water for 24-48h and preserving the heat at 20 ℃, and the effective period is half a month.
8. The process for producing the fertilizer based on the organic matter raw materials such as the livestock and poultry manure, the crop straws and the like as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the fourth step, the trace elements comprise micro-fertilizers, multienzymes and polypeptides, and in the fourth step, the microbial flora comprises 1-3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2-4 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 1-4 parts of lilium purple spore bacteria, 1-3 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 2-5 parts of EM bacteria, 2-5 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 1-3 parts of bacillus megaterium, 2-5 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 2-4 parts of streptomyces jingyangensis, 1-3 parts of photosynthetic flora and 1-4 parts of beauveria bassiana.
9. The process for producing the fertilizer based on the organic matter raw materials such as the livestock and poultry manure, the crop straws and the like as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the sixth step, the granulation comprises the following specific processes: and (3) putting the semi-finished fertilizer into a centrifuge for separating water, drying by hot air to reduce the water content to below 1%, then sending the semi-finished fertilizer into an extruder, pre-compressing by a feeding screw, compacting the mixture, rapidly extruding and shaping into strips by adopting a high-speed extrusion process, drying, and cutting by a granulator to generate particles with the diameter of 2-3 mm.
10. The process for producing the fertilizer based on the organic matter raw materials such as the livestock and poultry manure, the crop straws and the like as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the seventh step, the organic matter content of the oil soil is controlled to be 30-40%, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is controlled to be 5-10%.
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