CN108383617A - A kind of preparation method of organophosphor composite fertilizer - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of organophosphor composite fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN108383617A CN108383617A CN201810395278.1A CN201810395278A CN108383617A CN 108383617 A CN108383617 A CN 108383617A CN 201810395278 A CN201810395278 A CN 201810395278A CN 108383617 A CN108383617 A CN 108383617A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of preparation method of organophosphor composite fertilizer, and prepares organophosphor composite fertilizer in this way.The preparation method of organophosphor composite fertilizer of the present invention is, to at least include that each raw material of feces of livestock and poultry and ground phosphate rock is uniformly mixed, moisture is adjusted to mass percent 50~80 after each raw material mixing, curing is banked up through 15 DEG C~60 DEG C fermentations 1~40 day, is then crushed, is granulated, dried, cooling down to obtain organophosphor composite fertilizer.Organophosphor composite fertilizer of the present invention proved by fertilizer efficiency location test in 3 years：Available phosphorus contained by organophosphor composite fertilizer disclosure satisfy that one season crops for phosphorus demand.Experiments have shown that, product of the present invention can substitute inorganic phosphate ammonium salt Lei Lin composite fertilizers by largely promoting.It can overcome completely simultaneously in the prior art because phosphorus fails to be formed the disadvantage of soil hardening due to being fully utilized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of fertilizer and fertilizer, and exactly the present invention relates to a kind of organophosphor composite fertilizers
Preparation method, and the organophosphor composite fertilizer for preparing in this way.
Background technology
Phosphorus is one of three big elements necessary to plant growth.Conclusive effect is played to the growth and development of plant.
It plays an important role in biological heredity information and energy transmission.Phosphorus (P) is with phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) form mark.
Production of phosphate fertilizer includes mainly the rock phosphate in powder mechanical crushing of exploitation, the enrichment of phosphorus ore into ground phosphate rock, is then added strong
Acid --- sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid, the chemical bond of apatite is destroyed under the conditions of the Chemical Physics such as high-temperature calcination, and purification by liquid extraction obtains
Available phosphorus, i.e. P2O5。
Currently, production of phosphate fertilizer manufacturing technology is broadly divided into three classes.
The first kind is the inorganic phosphate fertilizer produced by chemical method.1. normal superphosphate：It is Lawes in 1842
Common peroxophosphoric acid hydrogen calcium is manufactured in Britain's phosphorus ore and sulfuric acid, is most important production of phosphate fertilizer kind in the world, still occupies at present
Comparable proportion.2. ammonium phosphate salt fertilizer：Ground phosphate rock generates phosphoric acid and gypsum (CaSO with sulfuric acid reaction4·2H2O) phosphoric acid from
Separation of gypsum, concentrated phosphoric acid.Phosphoric acid is added into preneutralization device, then passes to anhydrous ammonia neutralising phosphoric acid, after chemical reaction, steaming
Shampoo point, again ammonification manufacture ammonium phosphate product；3. nitrophosphate fertilizer:Ground phosphate rock is by nitric acid or nitric acid and sulfuric acid or nitric acid and phosphorus
The nitration mixture of acid decomposes fertilizer obtained and is known as nitrophosphate fertilizer or nitric acid phosphate.4. potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate neutralising phosphoric acid system
At potassium orthophosphate or potassium polyphposphate.5. the reaction product of phosphoric acid and urea is urine phosphoric acid or the more phosphorus ammoniums of urine.
The deficiency of ammonium phosphate fertilizers production technology：1. manufacture ammonium phosphate series fertilizer technology needs high-grade phosphorus ore
Powder；(phosphorus pentoxide reaches 28% or more), 2. ammonium phosphate fertilizers utilization rate only had 20~30%, due to ammonium phosphate fertilizers
Moisture is absorbed after being manured into soil and forms concentration difference with surrounding medium, and the reaction of micro-region soil pH value of solution is caused drastically to decline, it can handle
The ingredients such as iron, aluminium, calcium, magnesium in soil are dissolved out, and chemical action occurs with phosphoric acid, forms the phosphate of different solubilities
Precipitation；In calacareous soil, the calcium binding in one-lime phosphate and soil in calcium superphosphate is converted into water-bearing phosphate
The intermediate products such as dicalcium, anhydrous dicalcium phosphate and calcium octahate phosphate, it is last most of through hydrolyzing to form stable apatite；3. having
70% or so phosphorus, which cannot be absorbed and used by plants, causes arable soil hardened stiff, and enters river by rainwash and make
Body eutrophication；4. often producing one ton of ammonium phosphate fertilizers discharges 2-3 tons of ardealites.
Second class is the phosphate fertilizer produced by mechanical-physical chemical method.
1. ground phosphate rock is directly applied：Levigate ground phosphate rock directly uses.1. Christmas Island of U.S. phosphoric acid aluminium ore is at 499~593 DEG C
Lower calcining, production phosphate fertilizer are sold.2. the levigate North Carolina phosphorus ores of U.S. TVA and concentrating urea solution are granulated, then use sulphur
Acid moieties acidolysis carries out overtesting in pilot scale pan-type pelletizer.3. also this type has been made with Christmas Island's calcining phosphorus ore in TVA
The product of type.Part acidic phosphorus mine has a considerable amount of production and sellings in Germany, Finland and Brazil, will be ground in France
It obtains very thin phosphorus ore (90% -300 mesh) and carries out commercial scale granulation with water and a kind of adhesive.
2. apatite, silica sand and sodium carbonate draw in section of the Soviet Union, it is mixed in a certain ratio, is then calcined in rotary kiln, high limit
1260 DEG C of temperature, it is cooling, levigate, add water and potato starch to make adhesive in rotary drum and is granulated manufacture phosphate fertilizer.
3. caustic slag phosphate fertilizer：Steel and iron industry byproduct caustic slag is widely used in Europe and South America as a kind of fertilizer,
Also there is a small amount of application in Asia and North America.
4. phosphoric acid potassic fertilizer：Reacting for phosphoric acid by wet process and potassium chloride was studied early stage by TVA companies, heated the generation of this mixture
Potassium metaphosphate.Since the hydrochloric acid corrosion that brings of effusion and the hydrochloric acid production quantity that finds no sale are few；The U.S., Ireland, Su Ge
Orchid, Israel and Hispanic several big units are during the seventies in last century to the method for several manufacture phosphoric acid potassic fertilizer
Carried out pilot scale.
The phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency of such method manufacture is still relatively low, and raw material transport, use and equipment investment are more, mainly
Energy consumption is more, and is unfavorable for environmental protection.
Third class humic acids phosphate fertilizer：1. saying prosperous Li Chengxue chief editors' according to king《Phosphohumate》One book describes one kind
The production method of ammonium humate：" weathered coal is poured into enamelware pot and heats and is stirred continuously, Dissolve things inside, which is transferred in ammonification pond, to be made
It cools to 30~50 DEG C, adds ammonium hydrogen carbonate under constant stirring, and 20% ground phosphate rock, after stirring evenly, stack retting is then added
2d allows it to cure, you can farmland use "." experimental result is as follows：(1) the molten activation phosphorus P2O5%=2.6% of Chinese holly.(2) ground phosphate rock
Phosphorus P2O5%=9.4% is activated when being coexisted with ammonium humate.
The shortcoming of the technology is：Equipment, technology are uncertain, and ammonium hydrogen carbonate is originally a kind of extremely unstable
Nitrogenous fertilizer, if stirring ammonium hydrogen carbonate, the volatilization loss of ammonia and inevitable, the production process that influences environment in 50 DEG C of iron pan
Heating, the cooling consumption energy.2. according to Zhang Shuqing chief editors'《New-type fertilizer and its practical technique》Describe humic acid phosphorus and humic
The manufacturing method of sour ammonium phosphorus：Peat or brown coal drying crush, and add calcium superphosphate, are mixed with water, stack retting 7~10 days.
The fertilizer activator using sugar industry, animal husbandry, mining and metallurgy waste waste liquid development is described simultaneously, formulates activated phosphate fertilizer.Activate phosphorus
The manufacturing method of fertilizer：" under activator effect, raw ore and fertilizer finished product mix just through simple agitation under cryogenic
Activation process can be completed, realizes and the fertilizer efficiency of mid low grade phosphate rock is utilized.”
The shortcoming of this technology：The calcium superphosphate is obtained by sulfuric acid decomposition ground phosphate rock, and " raw ore " and
Fertilizer finished product can complete activation process in the mixing of " under cryogenic conditions " simple agitation, realize the fertilizer efficiency to mid low grade phosphate rock
Using ".But the range of " low temperature ", more lacks specific embodiment and attainable physical and chemical index described in the technology is determining
Content.
Agricultural practice proves that single-element fertilizer is not so good as the effect of fertilizer of two or more element compound fertilizer, three big members
Element ratio nor equal proportion relationship, therefore compound fertilizer become agricultural fertilizer in a most important and main part.
Invention content
Composite fertilizer's manufacturing technology that it is an object of the invention to overcome the shortcomings of existing phosphate fertilizer and based on phosphorus, a kind of utilization
The method that mid low grade phosphate rock prepares the organophosphor composite fertilizer of more efficient, while this fertilizer being provided.
The present invention organophosphor composite fertilizer preparation method be will at least include each raw material of feces of livestock and poultry and ground phosphate rock
It is uniformly mixed, adjustment moisture is banked up ripe to mass percent 50~80 through -15 DEG C~60 DEG C fermentations after each raw material mixing
Change 1~40 day, curing it is in one's hands pinch into agglomerate unclamp hand one touch degree of scattering show cure reach requirement, then broken
Broken, granulation, drying, cooling obtain organophosphor composite fertilizer, and the feces of livestock and poultry can be cow dung, sheep manure, pig manure, chicken manure, duck
One such or a variety of combinations such as excrement, goose excrement, donkey excrement, horsehit or rabbit excrement.
Preferably, the preparation method of organophosphor composite fertilizer of the invention also has the kitchen after pulverization process in its raw material
Rubbish, weathered coal and attapulgite powder, or add potash fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer in the feed again.
The parts by weight of its raw material dosage are in the present invention preferably preparation method of organophosphor composite fertilizer：Feces of livestock and poultry totally 4
Part, phosphorus pentoxide mass content is at least up to 18% 1~12 part of ground phosphate rock, 1~12 part of ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride 1~10
The granularity of part, 1~14 part of weathered coal, 1~8 part of attapulgite powder, ground phosphate rock therein, weathered coal and attapulgite powder is 80
The mesh of mesh~200.
In the preparation method of organophosphor composite fertilizer above-mentioned, when feces of livestock and poultry water content used is higher, such as newly go too far
Pig manure or/and chicken manure or/and duck excrement or/and goose excrement its water content up to 80~90%, at this moment can be added in feces of livestock and poultry
The straw powder of aqueous feces of livestock and poultry quality 20%~40%, the straw powder refer to wheat, corn, rice, sunflower, Ma Ling
Leaf, bar or the branch of potato, grape, sweet potato, peanut vine, fruit tree, willow, matrimony vine etc. pass through 0.01~5mm made of mechanical crushing
Powder.
It is to plant that the present invention has converted the slow phosphorus in ground phosphate rock using the organic acid that feces of livestock and poultry and organic waste generate
The available phosphorus that object growth needs.In preparation method of the present invention different shape is generated using the activity and oxidisability of phosphorus, aquation
The organic acid that the organic materials such as phosphatic characteristic and feces of livestock and poultry, agricultural residues powder, humic acid are generated in fermentation process with
Ground phosphate rock come into full contact with mixing conversion ground phosphate rock in slow phosphorus at organic phosphorus.A certain proportion of potash fertilizer is added in the present invention, profit
The slow phosphorus in ground phosphate rock is converted with the catalytic action of potassium, in order to meet needs of the plant for potassium；It adds simultaneously certain
The nitrogenous fertilizer of ratio, such as ammonium sulfate, urea, calcium ammonium nitrate, improve the collaboration that nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are mutual in product of the present invention
Synergistic effect.
Existing research is thought：1. the high soil of the content of organic matter, P availability are also higher." stablize the organic of ratio
Phosphorus can be converted into Phos for plant absorption, and when there is the condition for leading to P adsorption, organophosphor gradually can discharge and stablize
Supply phosphorus element "；2. originally a kind of slow phosphate fertilizer of ground phosphate rock creates a conversion condition if it is it, is converted to organophosphor
It is feasible.The present invention adds certain proportion humic acid, attapulgite powder wherein when preparing composite fertilizer, these components
Absorption, complexing, package cementation are not only acted as, organic phosphorus, nitrogen, the potassium etc. being converted into can also be mixed.
The organophosphor composite fertilizer of the present invention proved by fertilizer efficiency location test in 3 years：Available phosphorus contained by organophosphor composite fertilizer
Disclosure satisfy that one season crops for phosphorus demand.By largely promote experiments have shown that product of the present invention can substitute it is inorganic
Ammonium phosphate salt phosphorus composite fertilizer.It can overcome completely in the prior art because phosphorus fails to form soil plate due to being fully utilized simultaneously
The disadvantage of knot.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention illustrates below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment below facilitates a better understanding of the present invention, but does not limit the present invention.Experiment in following embodiments
Method is unless otherwise specified conventional method.Test material as used in the following examples is unless otherwise specified
It is commercially available.
It is an object of the invention to using in being difficult to be utilized at present, low grade rock phosphate (mass fraction containing P2O5 18%
~27%) produce organic phosphorus composite fertilizer, by with the ground phosphate rock of middle-low grade, feces of livestock and poultry, agricultural residues powder, waste dish,
Poor slag, weathered coal, attapulgite powder are that raw material manufactures a kind of organophosphor composite fertilizer.Organic phosphorus composite fertilizer provides for crops
Nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer, organic matter etc. are provided while P elements.The nutrition of organophosphor composite fertilizer comprehensively and slow release fertilizer efficiency spy
Point disclosure satisfy that also provides various nutrient elements while the crop time of infertility needs P elements.In organophosphor composite fertilizer
Organic matter can increase soil aggregate structure, while provide trace element for soil, and chesson reduces soil and consolidates to phosphorus
Fixed inactivation；Organophosphor composite fertilizer can substitute inorganic phosphate fertilizer.Suitable for maize planting, wheat, rice, potato, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers
Flower, cotton, vegetables, melon, fruit, forest etc..
Embodiment 1
One, the preparation of composite fertilizer
3 parts of the cow dung of moisture content 80%, 6 parts of the ground phosphate rock containing phosphorus pentoxide 25%, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of potassium chloride,
4 parts of weathered coal, 1 part of concave convex rod, which is sufficiently stirred, to be mixed evenly, and processing to hand pinches into agglomerate release hand one and touches the degree scattered,
Covered with plastic cloth, bank up curing 20 days, by it is broken, be granulated, dry, it is cooling, can be in order to keep granular size consistent
The step of screening is added after the cooling period, it is the organic based on phosphorus of 1.00~4.75mm or 3.35~5.60mm to obtain particle
Phosphorus composite fertilizer.
1 product physical and chemical index of embodiment is analyzed and manure trial
Two, sample analysis：1 examination and test of products result of embodiment, relevant criterion and analysis method are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
The analysis result of auxiliary element is shown in Table 2.
Table 2
Inspection result shows that the available phosphorus of embodiment 1 accounts for the ratio of total phosphorus content and reaches 35%~80%, every physical and chemical index
Meet national standard.Product appearance, brown powdery or particle, no mechanical admixture.
Three, fertilizer efficiency location test：
Organophosphor complex fertilizer product effect of fertilizer of the present invention is studied by resource environment institute of Gansu Agriculture University soil and fertilizer
It uses " field district test ", 21 square meter of each cell, each processing is repeated 3 times.Mu input organophosphor composite fertilizer 15Kg,
Containing 1.2kg/ mus of total phosphorus (P2O5)；Control input Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 10Kg, 4.6Kg/ mus of containing water-soluble phosphorus (P2O5).Processing with it is right
Match according to supplement and applies 20Kg/ mus of urea (base fertilizer 10Kg, top dressing 10Kg).The first two years sow spring wheat.
Replant flax third year, urea is kept to 5Kg/ mus, and control uses 5kg/ mus of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), water-soluble phosphorus (P2O5)
2.3Kg/ mu；Use 1.2Kg/ mus of the total phosphorus content of organophosphor composite fertilizer.Other all field management are identical.
Test objective：Examine 1 P availability of embodiment.The organophosphor composite fertilizer of embodiment 1 is fixed with Diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizer efficiency
Bit test the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3
Test result：Continuous fertilizer efficiency location test in 3 years the result shows that：Using organophosphor composite fertilizer of the present invention, 3 years accumulative
Phosphorus pentoxide 3.6Kg is put into, and uses diammonium phosphate fertilizer, 3 years cumulative investment phosphorus pentoxide 11.5Kg；More inputs five
Two phosphorus 7.9Kg are aoxidized, put into phosphorus pentoxide 219% more than organophosphor composite fertilizer.But organophosphor composite fertilizer and Diammonium phosphate (DAP)
78.3Kg/ mus of wheat, volume increase 22.1% are increased production in two annuals that compare；First Year wheat increase yield 15.8%, second year wheat increase
Production 29.5%；Third year, organophosphor composite fertilizer compare Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and reduce phosphorus pentoxide 47.8%, and Flax Output Index is identical.
The advantageous effect that continuous manure trial in 3 years shows：Spring wheat shows full stand, robust seedling, and leaf color is dark green, spring wheat
Effective tillering power is strong, and neat, full seed of earing falls Huang Yizhi, loosing soil.
The ground phosphate rock that present invention process technology production organophosphor composite fertilizer one is available with middle-low grade is raw material；Second is that
It is rationally raw material using organic waste materials such as feces of livestock and poultry, agricultural crop straw, waste dish, poor slag, kitchen garbages；Third, conversion
Slow phosphorus is that available phosphorus technology is simple in ground phosphate rock, and equipment investment is few；Fourth, effective phosphorus utilization is high in fertilizer, it can
Meet crop growth needs, conventional phosphoric acid ammonium salt fertilizer can be substituted；Fifth, saving phosphate rock resource, saving the energy, life is reduced
Produce phosphate fertilizer process generate ardealite and contaminated wastewater environment, reduce using inorganic phosphate ammonium salt fertilizer for arable land,
The pollution of water body.
Embodiment 2
One, the preparation of composite fertilizer
3 parts of the sheep manure of moisture content 20~30%, 1 part of the pig manure of moisture content 60~90%, sheep manure and pig manure are after mixing
Aqueous 50%~80%.4 parts of sheep manure and pig manure mixture are taken, 5.5 parts of the ground phosphate rock containing phosphorus pentoxide 27%, ammonium sulfate 4 are taken
Part, 2 parts of potassium chloride, 4 parts of weathered coal, 1.5 parts of concave convex rod, which is sufficiently stirred, to be mixed evenly, adjustment moisture to mass percent
50~80, after covered with plastic cloth, bank up curing 30 days, processing to hand pinch into agglomerate unclamp hand one touch the degree scattered, so
After be crushed, be granulated, dry, cooling down to obtain organophosphor composite fertilizer.It, can also be after the cooling period in order to keep granular size consistent
The step of screening is added, it is compound organic and inorganic fertilizers of the 1.00~4.75mm or 3.35~5.60mm based on phosphorus to obtain particle
Material.Every physical and chemical index country 18877--2009 relevant criterions.
Two, the organophosphor composite fertilizer Major Nutrient analysis of components of embodiment 2
The present embodiment organophosphor composite fertilizer's inspection result and relevant criterion and analysis method are shown in Table 4
Table 4
Test result shows：The main nutrient composition physical and chemical index of the present embodiment meets GBT18877--2009 national standards
It is required that.Product of the present invention is logical too much, multiple detection units are repeatedly examined, available phosphorus account for total phosphorus content ratio reach 35%~
Between 80%, water-soluble phosphorus accounts for 35% of total phosphorus content or more.
By known to the above content the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The technical characterstic of the present invention is that production Technology is simple,
Small investment of production equipment saves resource and the energy.Existed using mid low grade phosphate rock powder, feces of livestock and poultry, reduction organic waste material
Digest process generates greenhouse gases and pollutes environment；Manufacturing process is added to nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer, can substitute conventional phosphate fertilizer
Material, bulk blended fertilizer.Using slow phosphorus in this technology conversion ground phosphate rock as available phosphorus, meet the crops time of infertility to phosphorus
Needs.Organophosphor composite fertilizer of the present invention eliminates agriculture before preceding dressing compared with regular phosphatic fertilizers and ammophos
The people give fertilizer-matching process of the ammonium phosphate salt fertilizer with nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer, organic matter and middle trace element.
Three, the present embodiment effect of fertilizer is tested
Correlation test shows that organophosphor complex fertilizer product manufactured in the present embodiment is suitable for the grain work of various soil types
The various industrial crops such as object, vegetables, melon and fruit, Chinese medicine, sunflower are cooked base fertilizer.Salt-soda soil, loose hardened stiff soil can be improved
Earth reduces fertilising cost, increases crop yield, improves crop quality.
In order to examine the effect of fertilizer of the present embodiment, made using consuming the most corn of liquid manure, sunflower, potato as participating in the experiment
Object proves effect of fertilizer by the maize planting of large area, sunflower, potato.The validity of organophosphor composite fertilizer and traditional phosphorus
Water solubility, citrate acid soluble phosphatic fertilizer mechanism it is different, be by the organic acid in organic matter, the humic acid in weathered coal and nitrogen and
The synergistic function of potash fertilizer promotes phosphorus release in insoluble phosphate in miberal powder.Under certain condition, this phosphorus and other
Nutrition slow release, lasting and balanced gives crop to provide nutrition, ensures needs of the crop time of infertility for P elements.
This experiment is carried out in Baiyin City, gansu Province Jingtai County Gansu Jing Mao ecological agricultures company.
Organophosphor composite fertilizer is with certain corn fertilizer with value fertilizing and planting corn, organophosphor composite fertilizer phosphorus pentoxide
6.8Kg/ mus, 7.7Kg/ mus of certain corn fertilizer phosphorus pentoxide.Effect of fertilizer test result is shown in Table 5
5 organophosphor composite fertilizer of table is with certain corn fertilizer with value fertilizing and planting corn
The effect reached using organophosphor composite fertilizer of the present invention is：Available phosphorus 11% is reduced, N P and K reduces 48%, corn
Volume increase 11.5%, it is increase production corn 60Kg more.Unit phosphorus output increased 25%.
In order to further verify the available phosphorus of organophosphor composite fertilizer manufactured in the present embodiment and phosphorous 46% Diammonium phosphate (DAP)
The effect of available phosphorus aforementioned carries out effect of fertilizer experiment.Phosphorus pentoxide 6.8Kg/ mus of organophosphor composite fertilizer, certain corn
14.3Kg/ mus of special fertilizer phosphorus pentoxide, the results are shown in Table 6.
6 organophosphor composite fertilizer of table verifies fertilizer efficiency with Diammonium phosphate (DAP) with value fertilizing and planting corn.
Each in triplicate, other management are identical for processing for manure trial.Test result shows organophosphor composite fertilizer of the present invention
The phosphorus contained disclosure satisfy that demand of the corn time of infertility to phosphorus, and organophosphor is reduced compared with the available phosphorus that Diammonium phosphate (DAP) contains
Phosphorus 52%, corn yield increase by 3.6%, and the corn yield of unit phosphorus pentoxide improves 118%.
Using the organophosphor composite fertilizer of the present embodiment compared with the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) high using water-soluble phosphorus, maize leaf
Plump, upright, stalk is sturdy, full seed.
Embodiment 3：
The preparation of organophosphor composite fertilizer
3 parts of aqueous 20~30% sheep manure, aqueous 50~90% waste dish starch 3 parts, the waste dish refer to Chinese cabbage, baby cabbage,
Olive, cucurbita pepo, eggplant, tomato, asparagus lettuce, eastern melon, watermelon, pumpkin, pumpkin seeds skin, seed melon skin or flesh, leaf, stem, fruit etc.
Tissue is mixed evenly sheep manure and waste dish slurry, adjusts sheep manure by the slurry of 0.01~5mm made of mechanical crushing
Moisture content reaches 50%~80%.Then 4 parts of the mixture containing waste dish slurry and sheep manure, 32% phosphorus ore containing phosphorus pentoxide are taken
3 parts of powder, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of potassium chloride, 3 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of concave convex rod, are sufficiently stirred and are mixed evenly, and processing to hand is pinched into
Agglomerate unclamps hand one and touches the degree scattered, and is covered with plastic cloth, banks up curing 5 days.It banks up after curing successfully, by being crushed,
It is granulated, dries, it is cooling, in order to keep granular size consistent, the step of screening can also be added after the cooling period, obtaining particle is
The organic fertilizer based on phosphorus of 1.00~4.75mm or 3.35~5.60mm.
Add waste dish slurry i.e. using in waste dish moisture and fiber for the raw materials such as ground phosphate rock rise dissolving, bond, activation
Effect, while can also make full use of the nutritional ingredients such as organic matter and N P and K in waste dish.
Embodiment 4：
The present embodiment be by a kind of waste dish starch or several waste dish slurry mix slurry, stirring ground phosphate rock, sulfuric acid
Ammonium, potassium chloride, weathered coal, attapulgite powder process add, the main work for playing dissolving, bonding various raw materials of waste dish slurry
With.Its specific preparation method is as follows：
5 parts of the puree that one or more kinds of waste dish of moisture content 50%~80% mix, containing five oxidations two
1 part of the ground phosphate rock of phosphorus 20%, 1 part of ammonium sulfate, 1 part of potassium chloride, 5 parts of weathered coal, 2 parts of concave convex rod, which is sufficiently stirred, to be mixed evenly, and is adjusted
Whole moisture is covered to mass percent 20~30 with plastic cloth, banks up curing 30 days through low temperature, processing is pinched agglomerating to hand
Block unclamps hand one and touches the degree scattered, and is then crushed, is granulated, dried, cooling down to obtain organophosphor composite fertilizer.In order to make
Granular size is consistent, and the step of screening can also be added after the cooling period, obtain particle be 1.00~4.75mm or 3.35~
Organic-inorganic compound fertilizers of the 5.60mm based on phosphorus.
The organophosphor composite fertilizer of the present invention can be prepared using the above method.The present embodiment prepares organophosphor composite fertilizer
Nutritional ingredient testing result, which is carried out, in laboratory shows that its every physical and chemical index reaches 2012 relevant criterions of national NY525-
It is required that.Referring to table 7.Organophosphor composite fertilizer testing result prepared by embodiment 3 and 4.
Table 7
In order to further examine organophosphor compound fertilizer of the present invention to plant the fertilizer effect of potato and corn in middle part Drought Mountain Area
Fruit.Test site is chosen in four house township of Gansu Province Huining County, four house village.
(1) potato is planted
Manure trial method：Organophosphor composite fertilizer mu applies 40Kg, contains total phosphorus pentoxide 3.2kg/ mus；Local routine is applied
Fertilizer as a contrast, puts into normal superphosphate 50Kg, 6Kg containing available phosphorus per acre, and 3Kg/ mus of Diammonium phosphate (DAP) contains phosphorus pentoxide
1.4 Kg/ mus, phosphorus pentoxide adds up to 7.4Kg.Organophosphor compound fertilizer applies 5Kg/ mus of urea with compareing respectively, and fertilizer is once all applied
Enter, other field management are identical.
Manure trial the result shows that：When organophosphor composite fertilizer is compared with conventional fertilizer application, phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) is reduced
4.2Kg/ mus, mass fraction reduces 56.8%, and potato yield increases by 38.8%, and unit phosphorus potato yield increases by 221%.
Four house township four directions Wu Cun potato Demonstration Summaries of Gansu Province Huining County are shown in Table 8.
8 unit of table：Kg mus
(2) corn
Manure trial method：According to local fertilizing method, fertilizer once all applies, mulch all standing sowing.Organophosphor
Composite fertilizer's mu applies 40Kg, contains total phosphorus pentoxide 3.2kg/ mus；Local conventional fertilizer application as a contrast, applies common mistake per acre
Calcium phosphate 50Kg contains effective phosphorus pentoxide 6Kg/ mus.Organophosphor composite fertilizer with compare respectively use 4Kg/ mus of urea, it is other
Field management is identical.Test result is shown in Table 9.
Table 9
Manure trial the result shows that：Organophosphor composite fertilizer phosphorus pentoxide mass fraction compared with conventional fertilizer application is reduced
47%, corn yield increases by 15%.Use the corn growth process of organophosphor composite fertilizer of the present invention：Leaf color is dark green, blade fertilizer
Thickness, stalk is sturdy, full seed, and bald rate is low, and loosing soil.
Manure trial proves：So-called available phosphorus contained by organophosphor composite fertilizer only accounts for 35% or more total phosphorus content mass fraction,
Disclosure satisfy that one season process of crop growth for the needs of phosphorus, therefore organophosphor composite fertilizer fertilizer efficiency is affirmative.
Embodiment 5:
3 parts of the rabbit excrement of moisture content 20~30%, 3 parts of the potato starch slag of moisture content 70~80%, rabbit excrement and potato is taken to form sediment
Granulated slag is uniformly mixed.Adjustment moisture reaches 50%~80%；3 parts of the mixture of rabbit excrement and potato starch slag is taken, five oxygen are contained
Change 4 parts of the ground phosphate rock of two phosphorus 18%, 2 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1 part of potassium chloride, 4 parts of weathered coal, 2 parts of concave convex rod, the above material is abundant
Stirring and mixing is uniform, adjustment moisture to mass percent 20%, after covered with plastic cloth, bank up curing 10 days, processing is extremely
Hand pinches into agglomerate release hand one and touches the degree scattered, and is then crushed, is granulated, dried, cooling down to obtain organophosphor composite fertilizer.
In order to keep granular size consistent, the step of screening can also be added after the cooling period, it is 1.00~4.75mm or 3.35 to obtain particle
Organic-inorganic compound fertilizers of~the 5.60mm based on phosphorus.Every physical and chemical index reaches the related marks of national GB/T18877-2009
It is accurate.
The poor slag refers to soybean residue, potato starch slag, sweet potato beancurd slag, distillers ' grains, brewex's grains, vinegar grain etc., mainly
Effect is to adjust the moisture and fermentation excrement of excrement, while utilizing the organic matter and the nutritional ingredients such as N P and K in poor slag.
Distillers grains and dregs material used in the present embodiment is for such as sheep manure or rabbit excrement, ground phosphate rock, ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride, humic
The materials such as acid, concave convex rod can play the role of dissolving, bonding and activation.
Embodiment 6：
8 parts of mixture for taking one or more kinds of poor slags of moisture content 50%~80%, contains phosphorus pentoxide 25%
5 parts of ground phosphate rock, 6 parts of ammonium sulfate, 6 parts of potassium chloride, 5 parts of weathered coal, 2 parts of concave convex rod, which is sufficiently stirred, to be mixed evenly, adjust moisture
Content is covered to mass percent 20~30 with plastic cloth, banks up curing 3 days through low temperature, processing to hand pinches into agglomerate and unclamps hand
One touches the degree scattered, and is then crushed, is granulated, dried, cooling down to obtain organophosphor composite fertilizer.In order to make granular size
Unanimously, the step of screening can also be added after the cooling period, obtain that particle is 1.00~4.75mm or 3.35~5.60mm is with phosphorus
Main organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.
Show that its every physical and chemical index reaches national GB/ for organophosphor composite fertilizer test prepared by embodiment 5 and 6
2009 relevant criterions of T18877-.With aforementioned organophosphor composite fertilizer and certain sunflower seeds dedicated fertilizer with value fertilising kind sunflower seeds
It is tested, the result is shown in tables 10.
10 unit of table：First Kg mus of %
Analytical table 10 is learnt：Compared with the organic phosphatic fertiliser composite fertilizer cost fertilising identical as certain sunflower special fertilizer of the present invention, five
Aoxidize two phosphorus reduction 74%, volume increase 34%, voluminous sunflower seeds 49.5Kg, unit phosphorus sunflower seeds output increased 433%.
Using product wheat of the present invention, corn, sunflower well developed root system, crop leaf is plump, and stalk is sturdy, full seed.
Crop yield and quality can be improved, for the fertilizer ploughed with eco-friendly.
Embodiment 7：
3 parts of sheep manure for taking moisture content 20%~30% takes 3 parts of 80% or so kitchen garbage of moisture content；Kitchen garbage and sheep
The mixture moisture that excrement stirs reaches 60~70%, takes 5 parts of the mixture of sheep manure and kitchen garbage, containing five oxidations
4 parts of the ground phosphate rock of two phosphorus 20%, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 3 parts of potassium chloride, 4 parts of weathered coal, 2 parts of concave convex rod, which is sufficiently stirred, to be mixed evenly
It is covered afterwards with plastic cloth, stacks curing 3 days.After the completion of banking up curing, by crushing, granulation, drying, cooling, in order to make particle
It is in the same size, the step of screening can also be added after the cooling period, obtain particle be 1.00~4.75mm or 3.35~5.60mm with
Organophosphor composite fertilizer based on phosphorus, every physical and chemical index reach the relevant criterion of GB/T18877.
Organophosphor composite fertilizer manufactured in the present embodiment is tried out in Gansu Province Gulang County Yongfeng villages Tan Sandun plant spring wheat
It proves, emerged using the wheat after the present embodiment neat, effective tillering is strong, and stalk is sturdy, and heading is neat, Huang Yizhi is fallen, than normal
Rule fertilising volume increase 13%, referring to table 11.
11 effect of fertilizer of table compares unit：Kg mus
Field experiment demonstration shows：Total phosphorus pentoxide contained by the organophosphor composite fertilizer of the present embodiment is than Diammonium phosphate (DAP) institute
The water-soluble phosphorus pentoxide contained reduces 76.5%, and wheat increase yield product 13%, unit phosphorus pentoxide wheat yield increases
378%.
Embodiment 8：
1 part of the swine excrement of moisture content 80% is taken, 3 parts of the straw powder of moisture content 10~15% is added, is thoroughly mixed
It is even, so that straw powder and pig manure mixture moisture is reached 50%~70%, then takes 4 parts of the above mixture, take containing phosphorus pentoxide
4 parts of 25% ground phosphate rock, 2 parts of ammonium sulfate, 3 parts of potassium chloride, 4 parts of weathered coal, 2 parts of concave convex rod, the above material is sufficiently stirred mixed
With uniformly after covered with plastic cloth, stack curing 40 days, bank up cure successfully with hand pinch it is agglomerating be dropped into ground and scatter for standard,
Then by broken, screening, screenings is granulated, and is dried, cooling, in order to keep granular size consistent, can also be added after the cooling period
The step of screening, it is 1.00~4.75mm or 3.35~5.60mm organophosphors composite fertilizer to obtain particle.Every physical and chemical index reaches
The national standard of GBT18877.
The present embodiment is planted into silage corn for Gansu Province Jinchang City Aug. 1st farm Cui's rosy clouds, effect is referring to table 12.
12 silage corn unit of table：Kg mus
Using more conventional fertilising after organophosphor composite fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus potassium reduces 70%, and nitrogen reduces 65.7%, and phosphorus reduces 76%,
Potassium reduces 60%, and Corn Biomass Yield increases by 8.5%, unit phosphorus Corn Biomass Yield 1535Kg, increases than conventional fertilizer application
351%.
Embodiment 9：
1 part of 80% or so kitchen garbage of moisture content is taken, 3 parts of the straw powder of moisture content 10~15% is added, then fully stirs
It mixes uniformly adjustment moisture and reaches 50~80%, then take 5 parts of kitchen garbage and the mixture of straw powder, take containing phosphorus pentoxide
1 part of 20% ground phosphate rock, 1 part of ammonium sulfate, 1 part of potassium chloride, 6 parts of weathered coal, 3 parts of concave convex rod is sufficiently stirred be mixed evenly after use
Plastic cloth covers, and stacks curing 40 days.It is that hand pinches agglomerating, release hand index finger and thumb one is pinched i.e. to bank up the successful mark of curing
It scatters, then by 5mm sieve pores, obtains the organic fertilizer that screenings particle is 1.00~4.75mm.Every physical and chemical index reaches
The relevant criterion of Ministry of Agriculture NY525.
Embodiment 10：
The chicken manure of moisture content 50%~80% is taken, to the straw powder for adding moisture content 10~20% in chicken manure, adjusts chicken
Excrement and stalk powder mixture moisture reach 60%~70%, then take 5 parts of chicken manure and stalk powder mixture, contain phosphorus pentoxide
8 parts of 18% ground phosphate rock, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 3 parts of potassium chloride, 3 parts of weathered coal, 2 parts of concave convex rod is sufficiently stirred be mixed evenly after use
Plastic cloth covers.It banks up after curing successfully, by crushing, be granulated, dries, it is cooling, it, can be in order to keep granular size consistent
The step of screening is added after the cooling period, it is 1.00~4.75mm or 3.35~5.60mm compound organic and inorganic fertilizers to obtain particle.Respectively
Item physical and chemical index reaches GB/T18877 standards.
Finally it should be noted that：The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention,
Although the present invention is described in detail referring to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, still may be used
With technical scheme described in the above embodiments is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features.
All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of preparation method of organophosphor composite fertilizer, will at least include feces of livestock and poultry and ground phosphate rock each raw material mix it is equal
It is even, it is characterised in that：Adjustment moisture is to mass percent 50~80 after each raw material mixing, and warp -- 15 DEG C~60 DEG C ferment
Maturation process to hand pinches agglomerating release hand one and touches the degree scattered, be then crushed, be granulated, being dried, cool down to obtain it is organic
Phosphorus composite fertilizer.
2. the preparation method of organophosphor composite fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also contain through powder in its raw material
Broken treated kitchen garbage, weathered coal and attapulgite powder.
3. the preparation method of organophosphor composite fertilizer according to claim 2, it is characterised in that also contain potash fertilizer in its raw material
And nitrogenous fertilizer.
4. the preparation method of organophosphor composite fertilizer according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the weight of its each raw material dosage
Part it is：Totally 4 parts of feces of livestock and poultry, phosphorus pentoxide content are at least up to 18% 1~12 part of ground phosphate rock, 1~12 part of ammonium sulfate, chlorine
Change 1~10 part of potassium, 1~14 part of weathered coal, 1~8 part of attapulgite powder, ground phosphate rock therein, weathered coal and attapulgite powder
Granularity is the mesh of 80 mesh~200.
5. the preparation method of organophosphor composite fertilizer according to claim 4, it is characterised in that when feces of livestock and poultry water content compared with
20%~40% straw powder of the feces of livestock and poultry containing water quality is added in Gao Shi.
6. organophosphor composite fertilizer prepared by claim 1 to 5 the method.
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| CN110590469A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-12-20 | 宋天元 | Insect-expelling organic compound fertilizer prepared from plant and goose manure |
| CN111777443A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-10-16 | 广西伟恒生态农业有限公司 | Nitrogenous phosphate fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN113582780A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-11-02 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Phosphorus-rich and silicon-rich compost product prepared by adding yellow phosphorus slag and production method thereof |
| CN114014723A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-02-08 | 山西金田祥农业科技有限公司 | Process for producing fertilizer based on organic matter raw materials such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straws and the like |
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