CN1465552A - Film-coated slow-released fertilizer and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Film-coated slow-released fertilizer and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 165
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Natural products CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002383 tung oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
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- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
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- 125000005909 ethyl alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 description 36
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- QFHMNFAUXJAINK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1-(carbamoylamino)-2-methylpropyl]urea Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(C(C)C)NC(N)=O QFHMNFAUXJAINK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940090496 Urease inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Ca] ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002601 urease inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 241000276489 Merlangius merlangus Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YIKSCQDJHCMVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C(N)=O YIKSCQDJHCMVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108010046334 Urease Proteins 0.000 description 1
- RGSMDLROAMCLFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde;urea Chemical compound CC=O.NC(N)=O RGSMDLROAMCLFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium phosphates Chemical class [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003721 gunpowder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000014075 nitrogen utilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- RXCVUXLCNLVYIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N orthocarbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)(O)O RXCVUXLCNLVYIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001863 plant nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a coated granular slowly-releasing fertilizer and its preparation method. It is characterized by that the surface of the nitrogen granular fertilizer is covered with a layer of coated film, and said coated film is formed from nitro-cotton and tung oil as dry oil additive, and the coated film is 5%-30% of total weight and added quantity of tung oil is 0-20% of coated film weight. Its preparation method includes the following steps: dissolving the cellulose compound and its derivative for example nitro-cotton in solvent to obtain covering solution, said solvent is ethyl alcohol and ethyl ether mixed solution, then coating surface of granular fertilizer with said covering solution, finally recovering solvent so as to obtain the invented coated granjlar slowly-releasing fertilizer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof, particularly relate to coated slow release fertilizer of a kind of novel environment friendly and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Plant growth is a spontaneous natural process to the dependence of nutrient, and fertilizer is one of most important production means of agriculture production, is the basic substance that crop is brought into play its maximum hereditary potential.The rise of fertilizer industry has extremely far-reaching influence for human survival, and chemical fertilizer replaces farm manure to have played immeasurable pushing effect for agricultural, agronomy industry, livestock industry, developing rapidly of aquaculture.In recent years, along with the surge of population, the minimizing in arable land, the grain imbalance between supply and demand constantly aggravates, and makes agriculture production strengthen day by day the dependence of fertilizer, and everything has highlighted the critical role of chemical fertilizer in agriculture production, but fertilizer utilization ratio is lower always.China is as a large agricultural country, and will use a large amount of chemical fertilizer every year, and a remarkable contradiction in current agriculture production is that chemical fertilizer drops into height but utilization ratio is low, and this also becomes one of important factor of restriction Chinese agricultural development.Most of fertilizer varieties that China produces use now all are water miscible, after these chemical fertilizer are manured into soil, run off easily, decompose or be fixed, and plant recovery of nutrient is reduced.In addition, the balance supply of the requirement of balance of nutrient and nutrient is extremely uneven, can not supply with corresponding nutrient for the different growth stage of farm crop and satisfy its demand, and regional nutrient supply is also extremely uneven.What is more important, the loss of fertilizer is not only to cause the huge waste of Nonrenewable energy resources and resource and consequent heavy losses economically, and realize that to us Food Security brings direct difficulty, what is more important causes significant damage to existent environment of people, as water pollution, Greenhouse effect or the like.Therefore, the exhaustion of resource and excessive buildup all will make the comparatively serious risk of holding capacity of Agricultural Development and environment, how improve the utilization ratio of chemical fertilizer, reduce atmosphere and environmental pollution, become the challenge of pendulum in face of us.
Research and development can be satisfied the plant growth demand, reduce the new-type fertilizer of nutrient loss, are one of important developing direction of current lot of domestic and international scientific research institution.At present, numerous scientific workers carry out modification over against existing fertilizer, with develop satisfy crop in different steps to nutrient demand, and once use not the new-type fertilizer that can work the mischief to crop in a large number.This has represented the direction of following fertilizer research and development, agrees the present situation of Chinese agricultural development simultaneously again without prior consultation, therefore becomes the focus that many scientific research institutions and manufacturing enterprise attract attention.
New-type fertilizer is meant the physics-chem characteristic that changes traditional fertilizer, makes it consistent with the nutrient demand of each growth phase of plant as much as possible.Except that as the foliage fertilizer of foliage fertilization, press control principle, can be divided into two big classes, the first kind is the form transformation of control nutrient in soil, suppresses soil urease liveness as add urease inhibitor in common urea, the hydrolytic process of control urea; In urea or ammonium fertilizer, add nitrification inhibitor and suppress the soil nitrification microorganism active, control its nitrification process in soil, thereby reach the purpose of nitrogenous fertilizer long-acting and slow.The second class new-type fertilizer is meant by slowing down, control the release rate of nutrient, and reach that class fertilizer that improves utilization rate of fertilizer, as release and release control fertilizer (Controlled Release Fertilizers, CRF), slow release fertilizer (Slow Release Fertilizers, SRF).This can be divided into low water solubility and water-soluble two classes again.
Low water solubility fertilizer is meant that those adopt the lower inorganic or organic fertilizer of chemical technology synthetic solubleness, and mineral manure mainly is meant the ammonium phosphate type compound of low water solubility; Organic fertilizer mainly is meant urea with other organic low water solubility condenses, as urea formaldehyde (UF), urea acetaldehyde (CDU), IBDU (IBDU) and oxamide etc.The design characteristics of this type of slow release fertilizer (dissolving and biodegradation rate) has determined its release rate.Synthesis technique, as temperature of reaction, feed ratio etc., natural condition such as the difference of soil type, moisture condition, temperature, pH value and microbial population and fertilizer size etc. all greatly influence the release rate of this type of fertilizer, make the release behavior of this class fertilizer be difficult to regulation and control, the restriction of kind quantity in addition is difficult to see new progress in recent years.
With regard to water soluble fertilizer commonly used, according to different special emphasis a variety of sorting techniques are arranged, according to present internationally recognized Roland D.Hauck classification (Roland D.Hauck, 1985, Fertilizertechnology and use, 455-494,2nd ed., SSSA Madison, WL), sustained-release and controlled release fertilizer mainly comprises following three kinds (this three class all can rationally be added various synergistic agent such as nitrification inhibitor or urease inhibitor etc. and be formed its derived product):
1. coated slow releasing fertilizer
Fertilizer wraps up with the perviousness coating, soluble component and from crack that integument disconnects or micropore, entering in the moisture dissolving top layer, and then dissolving is wrapped in the fertilizer of core and makes it to diffuse out from the hole, infiltrate the resistance of fertiliser granulates by increasing soil moisture, can delay its release rate.This fertilizer is seen from the manufacturing angle and is mostly that with granular readily avaiable fertilizer be core (as urea, ammonium nitrate, coarse whiting, potash fertilizer etc.), with citric soluble fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, perhaps the citrate acid soluble phosphatic fertilizer of other type is an integument, and interpolation mineral acid mixture, retarding solvent are the plant nutrition complex body of matrix material.The release rate of soluble nutrient depends on multiple complicated factors such as mean particle size, wrapper material and physicochemical property, specific surface area, integument thickness, adhesive properties, manufacturing process, moisture, temperature, the soil characteristic of this kind fertilizer.Above-mentioned just reason makes this type of fertilizer be difficult to reach the requirement of controllable release, but this class fertilizer is cheap.At present, this type of fertilizer mainly develops towards the direction of composite fertilizer special both at home and abroad.From application practice, domestic research unit such as Nanjing Soil Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences, succeeded in developing fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate parcel bicarbonate of ammonia or urea, and to its release characteristics, for nitrogen process and rice---the biological effect under the wheat crop rotation carried out systematic study.Result of study on the soil of certain areas shows that utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer can reach 74% on paddy rice, can reach 63% on the wheat, is better than the sulfur coated urea (SCU) and the IBDU (IBDU) of Japan respectively.The coated composite fertilizer (the happy dawn of trade(brand)name is executed Lururiance) of Zhengzhou Polytechnical College's phosphate fertilizer and the exploitation of multiple fertile institute for another example, warp
15The N tracer study shows that its utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer brings up to 43.26% by 35.49% of common urea, and the various crop stimulation ratio is about 5%, and product has entered the world market.
2. enveloped slow release fertilizer
This class fertilizer utilization pressuretightness coating is as coated fertilizer, to delay the release of nutrient.Realize after the release of solubility nitrogenous fertilizer is opened coating by friction, chemistry or biological action in the coating.The representative product of this type coating fertilizer is the sulfur-coated urea (SCU) that U.S. TVA (American National fertilizer centre of development) develops in the period of 1961-1981, and by famous ICI company (Britain Imperial Chemical Industries) production and sales.Appropriate authority is devoted to the improvement of this product coated technique in decades always, and report is arranged in the time of in patent documentation.Mitsui East Asia Co., Ltd. also began to produce this type of fertilizer in 1976.SCU is owing to can provide its growth necessary moderate-element S to plant, and comparatively suitable in scarce S area especially, cost comparatively cheap (general the price high about 30% than common urea) has certain occupation rate in slow-release fertilizer market in addition.The factor that influences the SCU release rate is also rather complicated, is difficult to the crop on the multiple soil type is carried out in good time effectively nutrient supply, and TVA recent decades are to the existence that has fully proved this problem of updating of this kind fertilizer.
3. Envelope type controllable release fertilizer
According to the semi-permeable membranes character that the semipermeability coating has, soil moisture can freely be diffused into coating inside, makes coating expansion (expansion) to having enough apertures, and inner dissolved nutrients is discharged.This class fertilizer adopts non-hydrophilic high molecular polymer as coated fertilizer, original adoption be natural macromolecular materials such as wax, oil, along with Materials science and industrial expansion, large quantities of macromolecular materials occurred, thereby coated fertilizer has been passed by by natural oil byproduct → thermoset coated fertilizer → thermoplastic membrane wrapping Development of Materials process with different physical characteristics.Why adopt thermoplastic macromolecule material, its basic reason is how to satisfy crop at varying environment, Different Nutrients this theme of nutrient supply of demand stage.This coated fertilizer has made full use of the thermophysical property for the selection material, improved the defective that in the past can only under single constant temperature, study fertilizer rate of release method, considered that different temperature variant releasing rule of modification coated fertilizer kind and crop need the relation between fertile characteristic under differing temps, solved condition of different temperatures (daily variation, season of growth temperature variation) down the coated fertilizer rate of release and whole crop growing season nutrient demand contradiction.
What this type of fertilizer development was comparatively successful is the famous fertiliser production manufacturer Chisso of Japan---the Nutricote of Co., Ltd. of Asahi Chemical Industry (Chisso-Asahi) research, it has specific temperature---the release rate Changing Pattern, temperature is the topmost controlling factor of rate of release, secondly is globule size.Experiment on various crop shows, this fertilizer of applied once, and its average amount of increase in production is also than the height of urea four times fertilising, and nitrogen utilization efficiency is between 60-70%, and its nitrogen release rate can be accomplished controllable release in 100-360 days.Because this type of fertilizer reached the purpose of controllable release nutrient preferably, thereby abroad to be called be " revolution of fertilizer practice ", " fertilizer of 21st century " etc.
Non-hydrophilic macromolecule coated with resin fertilizer, be the fertilizer of coating particularly with thermoplastic macromolecule material such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, although can reach the requirement of nutrient controllable release preferably, the use of coated fertilizer has brought two fatal weakness:
1. Ang Gui price: because its manufacturing process is quite complicated, requires meticulouslyr, the macromolecular material addition is higher relatively, is 10-15%, and making its price is 3-9 times of common fertilizer, even also be difficult to bear in developed country;
2. environment-stress: be example again with Nutricote, its macromolecular material of selecting for use takes ability degraded in 30 years, and the 10-15% of coated fertilizer ingredients constitute coated fertilizer total amount, and life-time service must bring the serious environmental consequence.
These defectives have greatly limited the range of application of this type of fertilizer aspect agriculture production.In addition, Fu Za production specifications, material are selected, meticulous operational path, huge research troop and the reasearch funds spending of great number all do not fit into existing condition of China and agricultural sustainable development direction.
Progress situation from new-type fertilizer, although the brand of commercialization sustained-release and controlled release fertilizer is numerous both at home and abroad at present, but the market share is very low, U.S.'s nineteen ninety slow-release fertilizer at the market portion only about 1%, the fertilizer that really can reach controllable release is also few, in existing controllable release fertilizer, ubiquity following problem:
1. for farm crop, often be difficult to satisfy the early stage needs of inhaling fertile peak period;
2. some kind (as the superpolymer coated fertilizer) therefore is used on garden crop (fruit tree) and other the perennial ornamental crops because selling at exorbitant prices is difficult to satisfy the field crop needs more;
3. some good slowly-releasing kind still is difficult to satisfy the particularly demand of Sustainable development of environment.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of coated slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof, the coated fertilizer that it adopted can be controlled fertilizer and slowly discharge in soil, and treat fertilizer in soil, discharge finish after, can very fast biological degradation in soil, overcoming existing defective in the prior art, thereby reach the demand of Sustainable development.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of coated slow release fertilizer, the nitrogen granulated fertilizer be coated with one deck coating, its key is that this coating is a soluble cotton, and this coating accounts for the 5%-30% of gross weight, be preferably 10-20%, be preferably 15%.
Coated slow release fertilizer of the present invention is characterized in that, can also contain the drying grease additive in this coating, and this drying grease additive can be preferably tung oil for tung oil, oleum Cunninghamiae lanceolatae, Oleum Gossypii semen or rosinol.
Coated slow release fertilizer of the present invention is characterized in that, the addition of described tung oil can be preferably 15% for the 0-20% of coating weight.
A kind of preparation method of coated slow release fertilizer is characterized in that, has following steps: at first degradable high polymer material is dissolved in the solvent, is mixed with parcel liquid, this degradable high polymer material is cellulose compound and derivative thereof; To wrap up the surface that liquid spreads upon granulated fertilizer then; Reclaim solvent at last, promptly make coated slow release fertilizer.
The preparation method of coated slow release fertilizer of the present invention is characterized in that, described cellulose compound can be soluble cotton, and described solvent can be ethanol/ether mixed solvent.
The preparation method of coated slow release fertilizer of the present invention is characterized in that, the soluble cotton concentration in the parcel liquid can be 2-10% (weight), is preferably 5% (weight); And alcoholic acid content can be 20-80% (weight) in ethanol/ether mixed solvent, is preferably 40-70% (weight), is preferably 50% (weight).
The preparation method of coated slow release fertilizer of the present invention is characterized in that, can also be added with the drying grease additive in the parcel liquid or add the drying grease additive in the process of smearing.
The preparation method of coated slow release fertilizer of the present invention is characterized in that, the drying grease additive can be preferably tung oil for tung oil, oleum Cunninghamiae lanceolatae, Oleum Gossypii semen or rosinol.
The preparation method of coated slow release fertilizer of the present invention is characterized in that, the addition of tung oil can be preferably 15% for the 0-20% of coating weight.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the release profiles of 20 ℃ of following soluble cotton mixture coated carbamides in pure water;
Fig. 2 is 40 ℃ of pure bicarbonate of ammonia and the aerial weight-loss curves of soluble cotton mixture coating bicarbonate of ammonia down;
Fig. 3 is the release profiles of 20 ℃ of following soluble cotton mixture coating bicarbonate of ammonia in pure water.
Embodiment
By the following examples the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1:
Soluble cotton is dissolved in ethanol/ether (ethanol: ether=1: 1) in the mixed solvent, be mixed with the solution of 5% (weight), as parcel liquid; Smear repeatedly on the granular urea fertilizer surface, in the process of smearing, add tung oil as additive; Reclaim solvent, soluble cotton and tung oil promptly obtain coated slow release fertilizer at the fertiliser granulates surface filming.Wherein coating accounts for 25% of gross weight, and tung oil accounts for 15% of coating weight.By high performance liquid chromatography, measure its release conditions in water.As shown in Figure 1, it is the release profiles of 20 ℃ of following soluble cotton mixture coated carbamides in pure water, wherein c/c
0Be t moment urea concentration/urea concentration when discharging fully.Discovery discharges to finish approximately in pure water through the urea behind the coating under 20 ℃ needs 120 hours.
Embodiment 2:
Soluble cotton is dissolved in ethanol/ether (ethanol: ether=1: 4) in the mixed solvent, be mixed with the solution of 2% (weight), as parcel liquid; Smear repeatedly on the granular urea fertilizer surface, in the process of smearing, add oleum Cunninghamiae lanceolatae as additive; Reclaim solvent, soluble cotton and oleum Cunninghamiae lanceolatae promptly obtain coated slow release fertilizer at the fertiliser granulates surface filming.Wherein coating accounts for 10% of gross weight, and oleum Cunninghamiae lanceolatae accounts for 20% of coating weight.
Embodiment 3:
Soluble cotton is dissolved in ethanol/ether (ethanol: ether=4: 1) in the mixed solvent, be mixed with 10% solution, as parcel liquid; Smear repeatedly on the granular urea fertilizer surface; Reclaim solvent, soluble cotton promptly obtains coated slow release fertilizer at the fertiliser granulates surface filming.Wherein coating accounts for 30% of gross weight.
Embodiment 4:
Soluble cotton is dissolved in ethanol/ether (ethanol: ether=1: 1) in the mixed solvent, be mixed with the solution of 5% (weight), as parcel liquid; Smear repeatedly on the granular urea fertilizer surface, in the process of smearing, add Oleum Gossypii semen as additive; Reclaim solvent, soluble cotton and Oleum Gossypii semen promptly obtain coated slow release fertilizer at the fertiliser granulates surface filming.Wherein coating accounts for 5% of gross weight, and Oleum Gossypii semen accounts for 15% of coating weight.
Embodiment 5:
Soluble cotton is dissolved in ethanol/ether (ethanol: ether=1: 1) in the mixed solvent, be mixed with the solution of 5% (weight), as parcel liquid; Smear repeatedly on bicarbonate of ammonia granulated fertilizer surface, in the process of smearing, add tung oil as additive; Reclaim solvent, soluble cotton and tung oil promptly obtain coated slow release fertilizer at the fertiliser granulates surface filming.Wherein coating accounts for 25% of gross weight, and tung oil accounts for 15% of coating weight.By weight-loss method, be determined at airborne storage situation; And the use conductometric titration, measure its release conditions in water.
As shown in Figure 2, it is 40 ℃ of pure bicarbonate of ammonia and the aerial weight-loss curve of soluble cotton mixture coating bicarbonate of ammonia, wherein m/m down
0Be the weightless quality of t moment bicarbonate of ammonia/orthocarbonic acid hydrogen ammonium total mass.Discovery is stored in air through the bicarbonate of ammonia behind the coating under 40 ℃, and loss seldom.
As shown in Figure 3, it is the release profiles of 20 ℃ of following soluble cotton mixture coating bicarbonate of ammonia in pure water, and wherein G/G0 is the t electric conductivity value/electric conductivity value of ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution when discharging fully of ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution constantly.Discovery discharges to finish approximately in pure water through the bicarbonate of ammonia behind the coating under 20 ℃ needs 150 hours.
Embodiment 6:
Soluble cotton is dissolved in ethanol/ether (ethanol: ether=4: 1) in the mixed solvent, be mixed with the solution of 10% (weight), as parcel liquid; Smear repeatedly on bicarbonate of ammonia granulated fertilizer surface; Reclaim solvent, soluble cotton promptly obtains coated slow release fertilizer at the fertiliser granulates surface filming.Wherein coating accounts for 30% of gross weight.
Embodiment 7:
Soluble cotton is dissolved in ethanol/ether (ethanol: ether=1: 4) in the mixed solvent, be mixed with the solution of 2% (weight), as parcel liquid; Smear repeatedly on bicarbonate of ammonia granulated fertilizer surface, in the process of smearing, add rosinol as additive; Reclaim solvent, soluble cotton and rosinol promptly obtain coated slow release fertilizer at the fertiliser granulates surface filming.Wherein coating accounts for 10% of gross weight, and rosinol accounts for 20% of coating weight.
Embodiment 8:
Soluble cotton is dissolved in ethanol/ether (ethanol: ether=1: 1) in the mixed solvent, be mixed with the solution of 5% (weight), as parcel liquid; Smear repeatedly on bicarbonate of ammonia granulated fertilizer surface, in the process of smearing, add tung oil as additive; Reclaim solvent, soluble cotton and tung oil promptly obtain coated slow release fertilizer at the fertiliser granulates surface filming.Wherein coating accounts for 5% of gross weight, and tung oil accounts for 15% of coating weight.
Embodiment 9:
Soluble cotton is dissolved in ethanol/ether (ethanol: ether=1: 1) in the mixed solvent, add tung oil as additive in solvent, be mixed with the solution of 10% (weight), as parcel liquid; Smear repeatedly on ammonium chloride particle fertilizer surface; Reclaim solvent, soluble cotton and tung oil promptly obtain coated slow release fertilizer at the fertiliser granulates surface filming.Wherein coating accounts for 25% of gross weight, and tung oil accounts for 15% of coating weight.
Embodiment 10:
Soluble cotton is dissolved in ethanol/ether (ethanol: ether=1: 4) in the mixed solvent, add oleum Cunninghamiae lanceolatae as additive in solvent, be mixed with the solution of 5% (weight), as parcel liquid; Smear repeatedly on ammonium chloride particle fertilizer surface; Reclaim solvent, soluble cotton and oleum Cunninghamiae lanceolatae promptly obtain coated slow release fertilizer at the fertiliser granulates surface filming.Wherein coating accounts for 10% of gross weight, and oleum Cunninghamiae lanceolatae accounts for 20% of coating weight.
Embodiment 11:
Soluble cotton is dissolved in ethanol/ether (ethanol: ether=4: 1) in the mixed solvent, be mixed with the solution of 2% (weight), as parcel liquid; Smear repeatedly on ammonium chloride particle fertilizer surface; Reclaim solvent, soluble cotton promptly obtains coated slow release fertilizer at the fertiliser granulates surface filming.Wherein coating accounts for 5% of gross weight.
The preparation method of coated slow release fertilizer provided by the invention, it is simple to operate, generated time is short, and used main raw material can be the military project waste material, and is with low cost, is fit to big suitability for industrialized production, is the preparation method of the high-quality coated slow release fertilizer of a kind of acquisition of economy.In addition, by the coating of this kind method, also provide useful assurance for the bicarbonate of ammonia storage problem that solves present existence to bicarbonate of ammonia.
By the prepared this coated slow release fertilizer of preparation method of the present invention, to form by granulated fertilizer and the coating that is coated on the granulated fertilizer surface, coating is formed by degradable high polymer material with as the drying grease of additive.The content of drying grease in film is 0-20% (weight), and the content of film in slow release fertilizer is 10-30% (weight).Degradable high polymer material is cellulose compound and derivative thereof, as soluble cotton; And drying grease can be tung oil, oleum Cunninghamiae lanceolatae, Oleum Gossypii semen or rosinol.
Because in the present invention, selected main raw material is a soluble cotton, and in military service, exist considerable expired gunpowder at present, wherein contain a large amount of soluble cottons, this provides an approach that has economic worth for how solving this military waste material with very big hazardness of processing again.
The preparation method of coated slow release fertilizer of the present invention can realize the effect that fertilizer slowly discharges in soil, improve fertilizer efficiency significantly, thereby reduces costs of farm produce.And, owing to soluble cotton, tung oil are Biodegradable material, can thoroughly solve the white pollution that causes by coating, reach the demand of Sustainable development.In addition, soluble cotton also can discharge the nitrogen element in biodegradation process, increased fertilizer efficiency.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of coated slow release fertilizer, the nitrogen granulated fertilizer be coated with one deck coating, it is characterized in that this coating is a soluble cotton, and this coating accounts for the 5%-30% of gross weight.
2, coated slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also contains the drying grease additive in this coating.
3, coated slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, this drying grease additive is a tung oil.
4, coated slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, the addition of described tung oil is the 0-20% of coating weight.
5, a kind of preparation method of coated slow release fertilizer is characterized in that, has following steps:
A: degradable high polymer material is dissolved in the solvent, is mixed with parcel liquid, this degradable high polymer material is cellulose compound and derivative thereof;
B: will wrap up the surface that liquid spreads upon granulated fertilizer;
C: reclaim solvent, promptly make coated slow release fertilizer.
6, the preparation method of coated slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, described cellulose compound is a soluble cotton, and described solvent is ethanol/ether mixed solvent.
7, the preparation method of coated slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, the nitrocellulosic content in the parcel liquid is 2-10%, and alcoholic acid content is 20-80% (weight) in ethanol/ether mixed solvent.
8,, it is characterized in that wrapping up and also be added with the drying grease additive in the liquid or in the process of smearing, add the drying grease additive as the preparation method of any described coated slow release fertilizer among the claim 5-7.
9, the preparation method of coated slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that the drying grease additive is a tung oil.
10, the preparation method of coated slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 9, the addition that it is characterized in that tung oil is the 0-20% of coating weight.
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| CN02137895.9A CN1211320C (en) | 2002-07-04 | 2002-07-04 | Film-coated slow-released fertilizer and preparation process thereof |
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| CN02137895.9A CN1211320C (en) | 2002-07-04 | 2002-07-04 | Film-coated slow-released fertilizer and preparation process thereof |
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| WO2007022732A1 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2007-03-01 | Nanjing University Of Science And Technology | A composite slow-release coated fertilizer without environmental pollution |
| WO2007025462A1 (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2007-03-08 | Nanjing University Of Science And Technology | A slow-release fertilizer coated with degradable polymer |
| CN101811916A (en) * | 2010-04-16 | 2010-08-25 | 山东农业大学 | Large granular coated controlled-release fertilizer and production method thereof |
| CN103086802A (en) * | 2013-02-03 | 2013-05-08 | 福建达安能源实业有限责任公司 | Natural gradable coated slow-released fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103304319A (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2013-09-18 | 中农舜天生态肥业有限公司 | Organic and inorganic biological compound fertilizer and preparation method |
| CN107473878A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2017-12-15 | 徐州市卡农生物科技有限公司 | A kind of Ganoderma Sinense cultivation culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN107586182A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2018-01-16 | 元江呈达智能配肥有限公司 | A kind of solanaceous vegetables special-purpose control-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108191473A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2018-06-22 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of granulated fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN109574759A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-05 | 安徽顺利生物有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of L-Ascorbic Acid L-O-Phosphate composite water conservation slow-release fertilizer |
| CN109704859A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-05-03 | 安徽顺利生物有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of L-Ascorbic Acid L-O-Phosphate composite slow-release fertilizer |
| CN111264317A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-06-12 | 庆元县枫陌生态农业开发有限公司 | Chenopodium quinoa willd planting method in east China |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2007022732A1 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2007-03-01 | Nanjing University Of Science And Technology | A composite slow-release coated fertilizer without environmental pollution |
| WO2007025462A1 (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2007-03-08 | Nanjing University Of Science And Technology | A slow-release fertilizer coated with degradable polymer |
| CN101811916A (en) * | 2010-04-16 | 2010-08-25 | 山东农业大学 | Large granular coated controlled-release fertilizer and production method thereof |
| CN101811916B (en) * | 2010-04-16 | 2012-06-27 | 山东农业大学 | Large granular coated controlled-release fertilizer and production method thereof |
| CN103086802A (en) * | 2013-02-03 | 2013-05-08 | 福建达安能源实业有限责任公司 | Natural gradable coated slow-released fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103304319A (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2013-09-18 | 中农舜天生态肥业有限公司 | Organic and inorganic biological compound fertilizer and preparation method |
| CN107586182A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2018-01-16 | 元江呈达智能配肥有限公司 | A kind of solanaceous vegetables special-purpose control-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN107473878A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2017-12-15 | 徐州市卡农生物科技有限公司 | A kind of Ganoderma Sinense cultivation culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN108191473A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2018-06-22 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of granulated fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN109574759A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-05 | 安徽顺利生物有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of L-Ascorbic Acid L-O-Phosphate composite water conservation slow-release fertilizer |
| CN109704859A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-05-03 | 安徽顺利生物有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of L-Ascorbic Acid L-O-Phosphate composite slow-release fertilizer |
| CN111264317A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-06-12 | 庆元县枫陌生态农业开发有限公司 | Chenopodium quinoa willd planting method in east China |
| CN111264317B (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-07-20 | 庆元县枫陌生态农业开发有限公司 | Chenopodium quinoa willd planting method in east China |
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