CN101811916B - Large granular coated controlled-release fertilizer and production method thereof - Google Patents
Large granular coated controlled-release fertilizer and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101811916B CN101811916B CN2010101518363A CN201010151836A CN101811916B CN 101811916 B CN101811916 B CN 101811916B CN 2010101518363 A CN2010101518363 A CN 2010101518363A CN 201010151836 A CN201010151836 A CN 201010151836A CN 101811916 B CN101811916 B CN 101811916B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a large granular coated controlled-release fertilizer and a production method thereof, wherein the surface of the large granular coated controlled-release fertilizer is fast cured into a film. The production method comprises the following steps of: firstly proportioning and uniformly mixing fertilizer raw materials and then pressing into a large granular fertilizer; then heating to the temperature of 60-85 DEG C in a heating rotary drum and respectively spraying a carbon dioxide synthesized polyol high molecular polymer and a mixture of fatty acid salt and calcium chloride on the surface of the large granular fertilizer to generate a fast curing reaction to form a compact and bright film with a nutrient controlled-release function. Compared with an ordinary controlled-release fertilizer, the product can greatly reduce the surface area of the fertilizer, save coating materials and lower the cost, is an ideal fertilizer in fruit tree and forest fertilizers, is used once, thereby saving labor and time, is not only environment-friendly but also economical. Therefore, the invention is suitable for large-scale industrialized production and popularization.
Description
(1) technical field
The invention belongs to the sustained-controll-release fertiliser production field, is to utilize raw materials such as compound (mixing) fertilizer or straight fertilizer to be processed into big spherical particle, and in its surface spraying rapid reaction film-forming components, the fast setting film forming forms large granular coated controlled-release fertilizer and working method thereof.
(2) background technology
At present, the film-coated controlled release fertilizer type mainly contains high polymer film-coated fertilizer and inorganics coated fertilizer two big classes both at home and abroad.No matter be any release and release control fertilizer, be fine granularity release and release control fertilizer (particle diameter 0.5-5mm), particle is little; Surface-area is just big, and the coated fertilizer that needs is just many, and cost will increase many; And the more little many more process for processing that are unfavorable for more of particle, and the energy consumption that expends in producing also can correspondingly increase.For example, according to fertile research of controlled release and production proof for many years, adopt fluidized-bed to produce short grained release and release control fertilizer, the coated fertilizer that needs generally can not be less than 4%, otherwise will cause coating uneven, has a strong impact on the quality of release and release control fertilizer product.
In addition, all adopt normal conventional fertilizer or small-particle release and release control fertilizer (particle diameter 0.5-5mm) the fruit tree and other the perennial plant of China and other countries at present, must topdress in 1 year at least twice; Time-consuming (must ditch fertilising or dig the fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes deeply), and cost is higher relatively, every mu of orchard are executed just 2-3 worker at least of disposable fertilizer; 50 yuan/individual worker, be roughly equal to 150 yuan of Renminbi, if therefore only executed one time fertilizer in 1 year; Just can reduce by a recruitment, for the orchard worker saves cost.
The present invention, the employing common fertilizer is a raw material, is processed into almost spherical (5-15cm), at its appearance spraying one deck reaction film, is big spherical release and release control fertilizer behind the reaction film fast setting then.Surface-area significantly reduces, and under the condition of identical controlled release time, coated fertilizer is the 1/5-1/10 of common capsule for controlled release fertilizer material approximately, and production cost is saved greatly.Through a large amount of evidences, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of this release and release control fertilizer on fruit tree is 1.5-2 times of common fertilizer approximately, if large-area applications; Can save a large amount of manure resources; The problems such as pollution of area source that minimizing causes because of excessive fertilization. also very convenient when the orchard worker uses in addition, every following of fruit tree need be buried 4-8 large ball games controlled release fertilizer and get final product; And annual single-dose application, the saving of work and time of only needing.In addition, the nuclear core fertilizer of this spherical release and release control fertilizer adopts the mechanical presses method to process, and has avoided pollution and waste etc. in the common fertilizer course of processing. for example; Common fertilizer at first need add entry or steam granulation with raw material pulverizing then, and hot air dries is being used air cooling then, and electric energy that this process consumption is a large amount of and heat energy have amounts of dust to discharge simultaneously again.And adopting extrusion process to be processed into big spherical particle, the electric energy of consumption per ton is only used the half the of common fertilizer, and does not need heating and cooling, does not also have dust and gas and discharges.Therefore process and produce this large granular coated controlled-release fertilizer and promptly have theoretical basis and have important social and economic benefit again, therefore have the bright prospects of development and application.
(3) summary of the invention
Primary and foremost purpose of the present invention is to provide the common in the past film-coated controlled release fertilizer particle of a kind of ratio big (diameter 5-15cm), reduces granule surface area, reduces coated fertilizer, reduces the coating cost, reduces novel large granular coated controlled-release fertilizer and the working method thereof polluting and practice thrift recruitment.
Content of the present invention is: the first is with common fertilizer material glomeration macrobead (5-15cm) after the mechanical presses moulding; Or approximate spherical particle; The density of fertilise nuclear core, hardness strengthens, and surface-area reduces (with respect to normal conventional fertilizer); Can save coated fertilizer in a large number, and energy consumption in the minimizing coating process and pollution etc.; It two is that (the A component is the synthetic high molecular polymer that contains many alcohol radicals of a kind of carbonic acid gas as coated fertilizer with a kind of rapid reaction system; The B component is a kind of resin acid salt and calcium chloride mixture); But be sprayed on fast setting film forming behind the spherical particle surface, the release that film forming thickness and uniformity coefficient can be controlled nutrient through the quantity and the ratio of spraying B component; It three is after in heating turns over, earlier big spherical fertiliser granulates being preheated to certain temperature; Spray to the A component on the fertiliser granulates equably; In fast spraying B component, make AB two components then, form all controlled release putaminas of even densification in the surperficial fast setting film forming of fertilizer.
At first fertilizer material is squeezed into large-particle fertilizer with hydraulic extrusion press after mixing, single particle needs 8-10 ton pressure, and diameter is 5-15cm; Hardness is greater than 12 newton; Then large-particle fertilizer is joined in the hot rotary drum, Heating temperature is 60-85 ℃, earlier in fertiliser granulates surface spraying A component; Be the synthetic many alcohol radicals high molecular polymer of carbonic acid gas, account for the 0.5%-1.5% of by weight of fertilizer; And then spraying B component, i.e. the mixture of resin acid salt and calcium chloride accounts for the 0.5-1.0% of by weight of fertilizer, and spray pressure is 4-8KPa, and be 2-5 minute set time, as early as possible fertiliser granulates produced from the coating rotary drum behind the film-forming, cooling, packing, puts in storage.
The A component that adds is: the synthetic high molecular polymer that contains many alcohol radicals of carbonic acid gas, and acetylize terepthaloyl moietie for example, acetylize Ucar 35 and 18 carbon diene USP Kosher etc., the preferred proportion of A ingredients constitute fertilizer putamina gross weight is 50-70%; The B component is the resin acid salt mixture, VT 18 resin acid sodium for example, sodium ricinoleate, the mixture of lipid acid potassium and calcium stearate etc. and calcium chloride.In this component, the preferred proportion of B ingredients constitute putamina gross weight is 30-50%; Calcium chloride account for B component gross weight preferred proportion be 10-30%.
Unusual effect of the present invention is: the nutrient release rate of product and release period can be regulated according to the quantity and the ratio of A and B component, can be controlled at accurately and not wait in 1 month to 24 months.And can regulate the release peak period of nutrient, to long coated fertilizer of controlled release phase, it is discharged multiple peak period occurs.Also can simulate various crops to the nutrient demand rule in addition, make the special-purpose large ball games coating controlled-release fertilizer of various crops with product according to the ratio blending of setting with different release periods and different releases peak characteristic.Make fertile nutrient curve of controlled release and crop curve synchronised, reach the purpose of the accurate controlled release of nutrient nutrition absorption.Main mould material of the present invention is sharp carbonic acid gas synthetic, has environmental protection, the low and degradable characteristics of price.Overcome, putamina is difficult for degraded, and extended residual is shortcoming in soil, very is fit to the trend of development of the present world and domestic fertilizer and environment protection.The present invention adopts and is squeezed into big spheric granulated fertilizer; High energy consumption and the shortcoming of high pollution in the common fertilizer granulation process have been avoided; Reduced the surface-area of fertiliser granulates; Saved a large amount of coated fertilizers, consumption has not only reached the accurate controlled release of nutrient but also has solved the biggest problem---the problem that cost is high of restriction release and release control fertilizer development less than 1/5 of common release and release control fertilizer coated fertilizer.
Large granular coated controlled-release fertilizer product with this explained hereafter production; Carry out lot of test on multiple at home fruit tree and forest are first-class; Test-results shows that this product has significant raising the output or synergism, wait be worth and etc. under the situation of nutrient; Effect obviously is superior to common fertilizer or common small-particle film-coated controlled release fertilizer, will have very broad prospect for its application.
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1: spherical large granular coated controlled-release fertilizer technological process of production figure of the present invention
1 at first becomes big spherical particle with the fertilizer material extrusion among the figure; The 2nd, in heating drum, make spherical large-particle fertilizer be preheating to 60-85 ℃; The 3rd, the A component is sprayed to spherical large-particle fertilizer surface; The 4th, the B component is sprayed to the outside of A component again, the 5th, treat that needing as early as possible the fertilizer ball to be transferred to drum cooler from the coating rotary drum behind A and the B component film-forming in 4 cools off, the 6th, with cooled coated fertilizer weighing, packing, warehouse-in.
(4) embodiment
Embodiment 1:
With 200kg fertilizer powder; Through hydraulic extrusion press, add and be squeezed into the approximate spherical large-particle fertilizer that diameter is 5cm, in its heating drum of packing into (1); Be heated to 60-85 ℃ (2); With acetylize terepthaloyl moietie 1kg, use two-fluid spray nozzle to be 4kpa at atomizing pressure, all be sprayed at large-particle fertilizer surface (3) in two minutes.The B component (VT 18 resin acid sodium 0.8kg and calcium chloride 0.2kg) of 1kg sprayed to again be surrounded by on the acetylize terepthaloyl moietie large-particle fertilizer surface; 2-5 minute film-forming (4); The resin molding total amount accounts for about 1% of the fertile gross weight of whole controlled releases in the gained large granular coated controlled-release fertilizer; Large granular coated controlled-release fertilizer is imported in the drum cooler, made it be cooled to room temperature (5), can pack, store (6).The nutrient sustained release time is about 8 months in the gained release and release control fertilizer product soil.
Embodiment 2:
With 200kg fertilizer powder; Through hydraulic extrusion press, add and be squeezed into the approximate spherical large-particle fertilizer that diameter is 10cm, in its heating drum of packing into (1); Be heated to 60-85 ℃ (2); With acetylize terepthaloyl moietie 0.8kg, use two-fluid spray nozzle to be 4kpa at atomizing pressure, all be sprayed at large-particle fertilizer surface (3) in two minutes.The B component (VT 18 resin acid sodium 0.5kg and calcium chloride 0.1kg) of 0.6kg sprayed to again be surrounded by on the acetylize terepthaloyl moietie large-particle fertilizer surface; 2-5 minute film-forming (4); The resin molding total amount accounts for about 0.7% of the fertile gross weight of whole controlled releases in the gained large granular coated controlled-release fertilizer; Large granular coated controlled-release fertilizer is imported in the drum cooler, made it be cooled to room temperature (5), can pack, store (6).The nutrient sustained release time is about 12 months in the gained release and release control fertilizer product soil.
Embodiment 3:
With 200kg fertilizer powder; Through hydraulic extrusion press, add and be squeezed into the approximate spherical large-particle fertilizer that diameter is 10cm, in its heating drum of packing into (1); Be heated to 60-85 ℃ (2); With 18 carbon diene USP Kosher 0.8kg, use two-fluid spray nozzle to be 4kpa at atomizing pressure, all be sprayed at large-particle fertilizer surface (3) in two minutes.The B component (sodium ricinoleate 0.6kg and calcium chloride 0.1kg) of 0.7kg sprayed to again be surrounded by on the 18 carbon diene USP Kosher large-particle fertilizer surfaces; 2-5 minute film-forming (4); The resin molding total amount accounts for about 0.75% of the fertile gross weight of whole controlled releases in the gained large granular coated controlled-release fertilizer; Large granular coated controlled-release fertilizer is imported in the drum cooler, made it be cooled to room temperature (5), can pack, store (6).The nutrient sustained release time is about 12 months in the gained release and release control fertilizer product soil.
Embodiment 4:
With 200kg fertilizer powder; Through hydraulic extrusion press, add and be squeezed into the approximate spherical large-particle fertilizer that diameter is 15cm, in its heating drum of packing into (1); Be heated to 60-85 ℃ (2); With 18 carbon diene USP Kosher 0.8kg, use two-fluid spray nozzle to be 4kpa at atomizing pressure, all be sprayed at large-particle fertilizer surface (3) in two minutes.The B component (sodium ricinoleate 0.6kg and calcium chloride 0.1kg) of 0.7kg sprayed to again be surrounded by on the 18 carbon diene USP Kosher large-particle fertilizer surfaces; 2-5 minute film-forming (4); The resin molding total amount accounts for about 0.75% of the fertile gross weight of whole controlled releases in the gained large granular coated controlled-release fertilizer; Large granular coated controlled-release fertilizer is imported in the drum cooler, made it be cooled to room temperature (5), can pack, store (6).The nutrient sustained release time is about 24 months in the gained release and release control fertilizer product soil.
Claims (2)
1. the working method of the film forming large granular coated controlled-release fertilizer of surperficial fast setting; It is characterized in that: at first fertilizer material is squeezed into large-particle fertilizer with hydraulic extrusion press after mixing, single particle needs 8-10 ton pressure, and diameter is 5-15cm; Pellet hardness is greater than 12 newton; Then large-particle fertilizer is joined in the hot rotary drum, Heating temperature is 60-85 ℃, earlier in fertiliser granulates surface spraying A component; Be the synthetic many alcohol radicals high molecular polymer of carbonic acid gas, account for the 0.5%-1.5% of by weight of fertilizer; And then spraying B component, i.e. the mixture of resin acid salt and calcium chloride accounts for the 0.5-1.0% of by weight of fertilizer, and spray pressure is 4-8KPa, and be 2-5 minute set time, as early as possible fertiliser granulates produced from the coating rotary drum behind the film-forming, cooling, packing, puts in storage.
2. the working method of the film forming large granular coated controlled-release fertilizer of a kind of surperficial fast setting according to claim 1 is characterized in that the ratio that described calcium chloride accounts for the B composition weight is 10-30%.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010101518363A CN101811916B (en) | 2010-04-16 | 2010-04-16 | Large granular coated controlled-release fertilizer and production method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010101518363A CN101811916B (en) | 2010-04-16 | 2010-04-16 | Large granular coated controlled-release fertilizer and production method thereof |
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| CN101811916A CN101811916A (en) | 2010-08-25 |
| CN101811916B true CN101811916B (en) | 2012-06-27 |
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| CN103044169B (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2014-05-14 | 山东农业大学 | Controlled release fertilizer using unsaturated polyester resin to cover film and production method thereof |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1145059A (en) * | 1994-12-12 | 1997-03-12 | 宋美莹 | The controlled release matrix-type fertilizer and the process of preparation therefor |
| CN1417172A (en) * | 2001-11-07 | 2003-05-14 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Release controlling fertilizer and its prepn |
| CN1465552A (en) * | 2002-07-04 | 2004-01-07 | 南京大学 | Film-coated slow-released fertilizer and preparation process thereof |
| CN1793084A (en) * | 2005-12-08 | 2006-06-28 | 华南农业大学 | Film packing composite for fertilizer and process for producing film packed fertilizer by same composite and obtained film packed fertilizer |
-
2010
- 2010-04-16 CN CN2010101518363A patent/CN101811916B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1145059A (en) * | 1994-12-12 | 1997-03-12 | 宋美莹 | The controlled release matrix-type fertilizer and the process of preparation therefor |
| CN1417172A (en) * | 2001-11-07 | 2003-05-14 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Release controlling fertilizer and its prepn |
| CN1465552A (en) * | 2002-07-04 | 2004-01-07 | 南京大学 | Film-coated slow-released fertilizer and preparation process thereof |
| CN1793084A (en) * | 2005-12-08 | 2006-06-28 | 华南农业大学 | Film packing composite for fertilizer and process for producing film packed fertilizer by same composite and obtained film packed fertilizer |
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