CN1272289C - Irregular particle variable speed release-controlling fertilizer for lichee and its preparation - Google Patents
Irregular particle variable speed release-controlling fertilizer for lichee and its preparation Download PDFInfo
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- CN1272289C CN1272289C CN 03140096 CN03140096A CN1272289C CN 1272289 C CN1272289 C CN 1272289C CN 03140096 CN03140096 CN 03140096 CN 03140096 A CN03140096 A CN 03140096A CN 1272289 C CN1272289 C CN 1272289C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a preparation method for a controlled release fertilizer with different speeds of different particles for a litchi, which belongs to a manufacturing technology for a granular controlled release fertilizer whose supplying nutrient amount and fertilizer supply speed synchronizing with the requirement of each vegetative stage of a crop growth period basically. The granular controlled release fertilizer is prepared organically from the synergy of the following three coated controlled release fertilizers of the proportion by weight: 1 part of coated controlled release fertilizer with a short acting period, 2 parts of coated controlled release fertilizer with a longer acting period and 2 parts of coated controlled release fertilizer with a long acting period. The granular controlled release fertilizer belongs to a speed compound controlled release fertilizer; the release speed, the supplying nutrient amount and the supplying proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the granular controlled release fertilizer synchronize with different crop growth periods; the granular controlled release fertilizer can guarantee the supply of right quantity of nutrients for each vegetative stage of a crop growth season. The present invention can effectively solve the problems of the supplying speed of nutrients, the supplying nutrient amount and the noncoincidence of the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with the requirement of crop growth for existing controlled release fertilizers.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the especially preparation of particulate state release and release control fertilizer of fertilizer preparation field.
Technical background
Up to the present still supply fertile speed, supply synchronous or identical release and release control fertilizer manufacturing technology of fertile quantity (nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio) and crop demand and corresponding release and release control fertilizer thereof.According to the available data report, international, domestic relevant fertilizer has slow release fertilizer (or controlled availability fertilizer) and the single release and release control fertilizer two big classes of supply nutrient speed.The situation and the weak point of this two classes fertilizer are as follows:
Slow release fertilizer or controlled availability fertilizer
For common fertilizer, slow release fertilizer or controlled availability fertilizer are that nutrient releasing speed is slow, a kind of fertilizer that time for fertilizer is long.Slowly-releasing or long-acting nitrogen fertilizer that this fertilizer is normally made by following four kinds of methods.The first kind is coating or coated urea, as sulfur coated urea (U.S., Japan, China etc.), fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate coated urea (China); Second class is the stable form nitrogenous fertilizer that adds urease inhibitor or nitrification inhibitor, as ASN+DMPP (Germany etc.), long-term efficiency bicarbonate ammonium (China); The 3rd class is a urea derivative, as oxamide (Oxamide OM), Aden's alkene two ureas (Crotonylidene diurea CDU), isobutylidene two ureas (Isobutylidene diurea IBDU), urea sulfuric acid amidine (Japan, Germany, Finland, Norway, the U.S. etc.) such as (Guanylurea sulfateGUS); The 4th class is a supergranule fertilizer, as German, Chinese big grain urea, and the big grain carbonacid ammonium of China.The confession purer urea of nitrogen time of this four classes fertilizer is long, and confession nitrogen time＜first kind＜second class＜the 3rd class of the 4th class.
Existing problems:
In fact slow release fertilizer or controlled availability fertilizer are the long-acting nitrogen fertilizers that the modification of common urea process physics or chemistry is produced.As contacting with atmospheric with soil by increasing particle minimizing fertilizer, or by reduce the dissolution rate of urea at urea external parcel one deck hydrophobic substance, or add urease inhibitor or nitrification inhibitor and further nitrated loss nitrogen after delaying hydrolysis of urea or preventing hydrolysis of urea in urea or other nitrogenous fertilizer, or after chemical reaction generates the thorough modification of urea can to make, and nitrogen can the long period is kept at modification urea in the soil.But these inhibitor all have toxicity, and the fertilizer efficiency of the supergranule fertilizer in this type of slowly-releasing or the controlled availability fertilizer, coating or coated urea, stable form nitrogenous fertilizer usually has by a relatively large margin variation because of soil moisture what and temperature height, at crop growth period, have for fertile too quickly problem suddenly for fertile process, thereby cause fertilizer efficiency shakiness or damage to crops.The fertile speed of confession of urea derivative class long-acting fertilizer is slow excessively again, and when crop growth demand amount of nutrients was big, but usually supply falls short of demand for the nutrient in the fertilizer.Fertilizer is on the high side, and its price is 5～8 times of common urea normally.In addition, the quantity of fertilizer supply nutrient was both relevant with the physicochemical property of soil with speed, was subjected to the influence of soil microbial activities again.The nutrient of sustained release mainly is a nitrogen, so other nutrient supply speed and quantity are uncontrollable.So the nutrient releasing speed and the supply of slow-release fertilizer or controlled availability fertilizer can not be consistent with the crop demand, be subjected to fertilizer efficiency in application in agriculture and can not regulate and control and dual restriction such as fertilizer selling at exorbitant prices.
Release and release control fertilizer
Release and release control fertilizer is the coated with resin composite fertilizer of states' productions such as the U.S., Israel, Germany and the polyethylene kind coated carbamide that states such as Japan, China produce.In fact the polyethylene kind coated carbamide should belong to long-acting carbamide, and real release and release control fertilizer surely belongs to coated with resin composite fertilizer produced in USA.The nutrient supply speed of coated with resin composite fertilizer only depends on the temperature of the thickness and the soil of coating.General membrane wrapping thickness is big more, and is more little for fertile speed; The soil moisture is high more, and is big more for fertile speed.At film thickness one regularly, nutrient releasing speed is directly proportional with temperature.Therefore the fertile speed of confession of this coated fertilizer can artificially be controlled (by the thickness of control coating).Yet also there is certain problem in this release and release control fertilizer.
Existing problems:
Though the speed of this class release and release control fertilizer supply nutrient and quantity have nothing to do with physicochemical property, the soil microbial activities of soil except that temperature, only relevant with temperature, but under certain edaphic condition, the constant airspeed of fertilizer supply nutrient is constant, no matter in any period of plant growth, no matter which type of nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio of crop demand, and this release and release control fertilizer discharges or the nutrients ratio of supply is constant, in fact also can't regulate for fertile speed and quantity, promptly supply fertile quantity and speed asynchronous with the crop demand.Simultaneously, fertilizer manufacturing process complexity, the working condition strictness, fertilizer cost is higher, is 5～6 times of common composite fertilizer.Wherein the fertile speed of the confession of polyethylene kind coated carbamide is slow excessively, when crop growth demand amount of nutrients is big, but usually supply falls short of demand for nutrient in the fertilizer, and often nondegradable polyethylene kind plastic substance is residued in soil after the nutrient release, cause the problem of secondary environmental pollution in the course of time.So the nutrient releasing speed of this class release and release control fertilizer also can not be consistent with the crop demand with supply, application in agriculture also be subjected to fertilizer efficiency can not with the crop demand synchronously and dual restriction such as fertilizer selling at exorbitant prices.
In sum, the common drawback of existing slow, controlled availability fertilizer and release and release control fertilizer is: the manufacturing cost height of fertilizer, nutrient releasing speed, supply and nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio are inconsistent again with the demand of the different growth phases of crop in the fertilizer, therefore make release and release control fertilizer can not really play the effect that the control nutrient discharges or nutrient is supplied in control in production practice.In other words, use existing long-acting, slow and release and release control fertilizer and can not reach both saving of labor (according to the introduction of product, applied once takes effect throughout one's life), efficient again joint is fertile (according to the introduction of product, this fertilizer can slowly discharge nutrient in soil, be made for thing and absorb) purpose.
Technology contents
Purpose of the present invention: provide a kind of nutritive property to control the release and release control fertilizer of nutrient releasing speed, supply quantity, supply nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio according to lichee each stage in vegetative period, solid granular degradable high polymer material film-coated controlled release fertilizer and preparation method thereof utilizes the macromolecular material film-coated controlled release fertilizer of this method manufacturing can ensure control fertilizer supply nutrient speed, nutrient supply quantity and nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio and lichee demand basic synchronization or the basically identical in growing.
The present invention determines nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio according to the nutritional characteristic in each vegetative period of crop, and will be suitable for the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in each vegetative phase and be prepared into film-coated controlled release fertilizer.According to the nutritive property of crop, release and release control fertilizer is made into different grain variable speed release-controlling fertilizer in proportion.
The different grain of lichee speed change controlled release fertilizer is according to the lichee nutritional characteristic in vegetative period, determines to be suitable for the lichee autumn growth nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio in vegetative period, bud differentiation nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio and the nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio of fruit development phase to flowering period respectively.According to the length in these three vegetative phases, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer that will be suitable for each vegetative phase is prepared into film-coated controlled release fertilizer.Nutritive property according to lichee is made into these three kinds of release and release control fertilizers the different grain speed change controlled release fertilizer that is suitable for lichee in proportion.Particular content is as follows:
(1) nourishing body (autumn growth) vegetative period.The lichee autumn growth grows and aging autumn growth is the matrix as a result of lichee in the coming year.Educate and aging general needs 5～6 months from taking out hair tonic to autumn growth after the fruit picking, the nutritional needs of lichee is as follows during this period: will recover to set body on the one hand, will advance the fast pumping speed of young sprout long on the other hand.The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer analysis mode that is suitable for this phase is 20-10-10 or 22-6-12.This composite fertilizer can use a kind of import composite fertilizer, or is raw material with urea, threeflod calcium superphosphate fertilizer, vitriolate of tartar, adopts disk or cylinder comminution granulation to make compounded fertilizer of granulated.
It is 0～5 month coated granule release and release control fertilizer that composite fertilizer 20-10-10 or 22-6-12 are manufactured for fertile speed with the fluidisation coating method, is called release and release control fertilizer A.The fluidisation coating is as follows:
Resin dissolves in aqueous acetic acid, is deployed into the resin solution of mass ratio 40%.Earlier fertilizer is sieved before the coating, remove dust, and oven dry.In fluidisation coating bed, under 40～46 ℃ of conditions, resin is wrapped in uniformly the surface of fertiliser granulates then.
(2) bud differentiation is to flowering period.The characteristics of this phase lichee are nourishing body (autumn growth) growth and gonosome (floral organ) growth coexistence.Bud differentiation from autumn growth aging after, finished through 3 months approximately and bloom.Nutritional requirement during this period: will control the prosperous length of autumn growth on the one hand and impel leaf bud to transform, will promote on the other hand to blossom and setting to bud.The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer analysis mode that is suitable for this phase is 10-20-20.This composite fertilizer can use a kind of import composite fertilizer or be raw material with urea, threeflod calcium superphosphate fertilizer, vitriolate of tartar, adopts disk or cylinder comminution granulation to make compounded fertilizer of granulated.
Manufacturing for fertile speed with the fluidisation coating method composite fertilizer 10-20-20 is 6～9 months coated granule release and release control fertilizer, is called release and release control fertilizer B.The fluidisation coating method is the same.
(3) fruit development and expanding stage.The characteristics of this phase lichee are the accumulation (later stage) of expanding growth (in earlier stage) and fruit sugar of fruit.Fruit is approximately through 3～4 months from the setting to the dish.Nutritional requirement during this period: fruit expanding period will have capacity, an amount of nitrogen guarantee fruit to grow up rapidly on the one hand, to ensure carbohydrate and sugar by the potassium nutrition of capacity on the other hand, and ensure that the intensity of pericarp reduces the dehiscent fruit rate to fruit transportation and the accumulation in fruit.The nitrogen phosphorus potassium analysis mode that is suitable for the composite fertilizer of this phase is 13-10-21 or 11-6-23.This composite fertilizer can use a kind of import composite fertilizer or be raw material with urea, threeflod calcium superphosphate fertilizer, vitriolate of tartar, adopts disk or cylinder comminution granulation to make compounded fertilizer of granulated.
It is 0～5 month coated granule release and release control fertilizer that composite fertilizer 13-10-21 or 11-6-23 are manufactured for fertile speed with the fluidisation coating method, is called release and release control fertilizer C.The fluidisation coating method is the same.
Release and release control fertilizer A, release and release control fertilizer B are consistent with the granular size of release and release control fertilizer C.The fertile speed of the confession of A is fast, is that the master is auxilliary with phosphorus potassium for nitrogen, and nutrient supply is mainly measured and concentrated on plant growth in earlier stage; The fertile speed of the confession of B is slower, phosphorus supply potassium be main be auxilliary with nitrogen, nutrient supply is mainly measured and is concentrated on crop and give birth to mid-term; The fertile speed of the confession of C is the slowest, is that the master is auxilliary with nitrogen phosphorus for potassium, and nutrient supply mainly concentrates on preceding 3/4ths periods in fruit development stage.
With release and release control fertilizer A, release and release control fertilizer B and release and release control fertilizer C according to 1: 1: 2 mixed of weight ratio even different grain variable speed release-controlling fertilizer.
The present invention can be used for fruit tree special-purpose different grain variable speed release-controlling fertilizer or the compound release and release control fertilizers of speed such as design and preparation lichee.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is as follows:
(1) thought of release and release control fertilizer in the past, the intension that has expanded release and release control fertilizer have been developed.Being different grain variable speed release-controlling fertilizer or the compound release and release control fertilizer of speed only is confined to control the release of nutrient in the fertilizer at release and release control fertilizer in the past, prolong on the thought basis of its time for fertilizer, the theory of release and release control fertilizer is expanded to the time for fertilizer that not only delays fertilizer, but the ratio of the release of nutrient or supply rate, supply quantity, supply nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium demand of crop each breeding time are identical substantially in the control fertilizer.
(2) provide a kind of method of producing release and release control fertilizer, the fertilizer that utilizes this method to produce can satisfy the demand basic synchronization for fertile speed and supply nutrient quantity, ratio and crop.
The preparation process of the different grain of lichee speed change compound manure now is described in conjunction with real row:
Enforcement project: utilize star king preparing compound fertilizer lichee different grain variable speed release-controlling fertilizer preparation process and step:
1. determine the nitrogen phosphorus potassium proportioning that in vegetative period in lichee year each vegetative phase is suitable
From 1999 in June, 2002, utilize Orthogonal Regression Design to carry out the location test of lichee land for growing field crops, each breeding time in lichee year, gathered before each vegetative phase in the plant samples of back three periods, the n p k nutrition of analyzing the lichee body is elementary composition.Fertilizer test result shows that being suitable for the budding nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio of lichee autumn growth is 2: 1: 1; The nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio that is suitable for bud differentiation and flowering period is 1: 2: 2; The nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio that is suitable for fruit development period is 1.3: 1: 2.1.
2. select suitable compound manure.According to above-mentioned experimental result, select 20-10-10 respectively, the star king nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer of 10-20-20 and 13-10-21 is respectively the composite fertilizer of above-mentioned each growing stage.
According to lichee year growth cycle nutritional characteristic and breeding time length determine each growing stage release and release control fertilizer for the fertile phase.The fertile phase of the confession of autumn growth growth period release and release control fertilizer (20-10-10 coat fertilizer) is 0～5 month, the fertile phase of the confession of the release and release control fertilizer in bud differentiation and flowering period (10-20-20 coat fertilizer) is 0～9 month, and the fertile phase of the confession of the release and release control fertilizer of fruit development period (13-10-21 coat fertilizer) is 0～12 month.
4. utilize the fluidisation coating machine to prepare coating controlled-release fertilizer respectively according to requirement for the fertile phase.Its method is as follows:
1). the 400g water soluble resin is dissolved in makes 40% resin aqueous solution in the 1000ml aqueous acetic acid.
2). selecting nitrogen phosphorus potassium analysis mode according to the nutritional needs of lichee each vegetative phase in vegetative period is respectively 20-10-10, three kinds of star king nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers of 10-20-20 and 13-10-21.
3). fertilizer measured as requested be placed on fluidising chamber, and the coated fertilizer solution after will measuring places fluid-containing pot.
4). the start back transfers to 50～60 ℃ with the temperature of fluidising chamber earlier, and works under the fluidizing situation 20～30 minutes.Before coating, make the fertilizer complete drying.
5). after treating the fertilizer oven dry, the temperature of fluidising chamber is reduced to 42 ℃, fluidisation pressure is transferred to fertilizer in fluidized-bed, can be increased to fluidising chamber's 2/3 eminence, the atomizing pressure valve is opened made atomizing pressure reach 0.2Mpa, start peristaltic pump, and the rotating speed of adjusting pump is 3～5rpm.
6). carry out the fluidisation coating under these conditions, until the resin solution bag is intact.The fertilizer that the coating process is observed in the fluidising chamber at any time has or not caking.Show the fluidisation insufficient pressure if any caking phenomenon, should increase fluidisation pressure.Having wrapped the back continues to dry in fluidising chamber 20～30 minutes.
7). oven dry back weighs 5% swelling stone flour with fertilizer and handles the surface of coat fertilizer in case lump under fluidized state.
8). fertilizer is placed the sealing bag internal packing.
5. three kinds of film-coated controlled release fertilizers preparing, according to 1: 1: 2 mixed be applicable to the different grain variable speed release-controlling fertilizer of lichee.
The test of the different grain of lichee variable speed release-controlling fertilizer result of use
Test site: lichee garden, main road street village, fiber crops hilllock, Dianbai, Maoming
Test period: 2001～2002 years
Testing program: lichee different grain variable speed release-controlling fertilizer and two processing of common water soluble fertilizer are established in test.
Fertilizer in the release and release control fertilizer coating is identical with water soluble fertilizer.The nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio of each processing is identical, and npk nutrient equates.Different grain variable speed release-controlling fertilizer 2 weeks after the calendar year 2001 fruit picking use for 1 time, and water soluble composite fertilizer is according to breeding time in lichee year, and 2 weeks 1 after the calendar year 2001 fruit picking of fertilising for the first time use, use in December calendar year 2001 for 2 times, at the beginning of 2002 3 months, use for the 3rd time.Test being arranged in same hillside, on the identical hillside of the age of tree, kind and growing way.48 trees of every processing selecting are according to 6 row, 8 strain division of cells.Gather in June, 2002, chooses 8 at center when gathering and set all results fruits and note product respectively.
Test-results: 1) water soluble composite fertilizer is handled every tree lichee output: 24.37kg.
2) the different grain of lichee variable speed release-controlling fertilizer is handled every tree lichee output: 24.49kg.
Through the The results of analysis of variance check, the result of two processing does not have statistical difference.
Test-results shows that the effect of the different grain of applied once lichee speed change controlled release fertilizer is the same with the effect of 3 administration of water soluble composite fertilizers.The different grain of lichee variable speed release-controlling fertilizer is applicable to lichee production, and can simplify fertilising, saves productivity.
Claims (1)
1. the different grain of lichee variable speed release-controlling fertilizer, it is characterized in that by N-P-K content being that 20-10-10 or 22-6-12 and N-P-K content are 10-20-20, with N-P-K content be the coated granule controlled release fertilizer of 13-10-21 or 11-6-23, the fertilizer made from 1: 1: 2 mixed is the different grain of lichee variable speed release-controlling fertilizer by weight.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 03140096 CN1272289C (en) | 2003-08-07 | 2003-08-07 | Irregular particle variable speed release-controlling fertilizer for lichee and its preparation |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 03140096 CN1272289C (en) | 2003-08-07 | 2003-08-07 | Irregular particle variable speed release-controlling fertilizer for lichee and its preparation |
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| CN1473805A CN1473805A (en) | 2004-02-11 |
| CN1272289C true CN1272289C (en) | 2006-08-30 |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100436381C (en) * | 2004-11-03 | 2008-11-26 | 中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Production process of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer for winter wheat |
| CN100494123C (en) * | 2004-11-03 | 2009-06-03 | 中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Production process of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer for rice |
| CN100436382C (en) * | 2004-11-03 | 2008-11-26 | 中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Production process of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer for summer corn |
| CN100363311C (en) * | 2005-01-26 | 2008-01-23 | 中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for producing slow-release and release control fertilizer for tomatoes |
| CN100448806C (en) * | 2007-12-17 | 2009-01-07 | 山东金正大生态工程股份有限公司 | Special control-release fertilizer for resin coated strawberry and preparation thereof |
| CN100448817C (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2009-01-07 | 山东金正大生态工程股份有限公司 | Special controlled-release fertilizer for resin film coated leechee and preparation method thereof |
| CN102875262A (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-01-16 | 海洋石油富岛有限公司 | Synchronous nutrition controlled-release fertilizer specially used for litchis |
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