CN113943187A - Special fertilizer for asparagus in coastal saline-alkali land and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special fertilizer for asparagus in coastal saline-alkali land and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special asparagus fertilizer for coastal saline-alkali land and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of plant bioengineering; the raw materials of the special fertilizer comprise urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, organic matters, chitosan oligosaccharide, a fertilizer additive, livestock and poultry manure dried after fermentation and deodorization, and an NAM additive; the preparation method of the special fertilizer comprises the steps of crushing, primary mixing, secondary mixing and tertiary mixing; the special fertilizer for asparagus in coastal saline-alkali land can improve saline-alkali soil, meet the absorption and utilization rule of main nutrients of asparagus and obviously improve the yield of asparagus.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a special asparagus fertilizer for coastal saline-alkali land and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of plant bioengineering.
Background
Asparagus is a perennial root plant, mainly eats tender stems of asparagus, contains rich nutrient components and has high medicinal and health-care effects, is listed as one of ten famous vegetables in the world, and enjoys the reputation of vegetable king in the international market. The asparagus planting area in China is the first in the world and is a main export-earning type vegetable.
The asparagus has strong saline-alkali tolerance, can normally grow in the soil with the salt content less than or equal to 0.3 percent, and is a pioneer plant for the development and utilization of saline-alkali soil. The cultivated land resources in China are increasingly tense, and the land resources become the bottleneck limiting the development of the asparagus industry in China. The asparagus industry is developed in coastal saline-alkali soil, the contradiction that vegetables and grains fight for land can be solved, and ecological improvement and efficient utilization of the saline-alkali soil can be realized. The coastal moderate and slight saline-alkali soil of Shandong, Jiangsu and Hebei has become the main producing area of asparagus in China.
The whole year growth stage of the asparagus is divided into a bamboo shoot picking stage and a nutrient accumulation stage, most of nutrients needed by growth of the young stems in the bamboo shoot picking stage come from nutrients accumulated in the mother stems in the previous year, and the nutrients flow back to the storage roots before dormancy. The nutrient accumulation period of the current season is generally more than 110 days, and the yield of asparagus young stems in the next season is determined by a reasonable fertilizer management mode. Isotope tracing tests show that when the mother stems are remained after the bamboo shoots are picked, the fertilizer is applied, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is highest, and the yield increasing effect is most obvious. Among the various mineral elements, asparagus plants absorb potassium most, followed by nitrogen, and the absorption of the medium elements calcium and magnesium is also greater. The asparagus has a long nutrient accumulation period, a multiple fertilization mode is adopted in the prior art, the phenomenon of excessive fertilizer application is prominent, but the soil environment is gradually worsened along with the increase of the planting years, diseases and insect pests are frequent, and the storage roots are easily damaged by fertilization, so that the yield and the quality are reduced.
At present, most of traditional fertilizers for asparagus production are nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium quick-acting compound fertilizers, the fertilizer effect duration is short, medium element fertilizers are rarely applied, the fertilizer supply is inconsistent with the fertilizer requirement rule of asparagus, the existing slow release fertilizers are not suitable for the growth and development requirements of asparagus, the early tender stems cannot be pumped out, the requirement of robust female stems cannot be met, and high-yield colonies are not easy to form. The asparagus planting area of the saline-alkali soil is rapidly enlarged, but the soil is high in salt content, low in nitrogen, poor in phosphorus and potassium, low in organic matter and fertility, slow in nutrient absorption and accumulation and serious in disease. Therefore, according to the asparagus nutrient absorption and utilization rule, a slow release fertilizer which has consistent nutrient release and fertility requirements of asparagus in the nutrient accumulation period and can effectively improve the effect of saline-alkali soil is developed, is a problem which needs to be solved urgently to promote the high-quality development of the asparagus industry in the saline-alkali soil, and is beneficial to realizing ecological protection and efficient development of the saline-alkali soil.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of high soil salinity and alkalinity, nitrogen deficiency, poor phosphorus, low organic matter content, slow asparagus nutrient absorption and accumulation, short fertilizer effect and low fertilizer effect of a common compound fertilizer in the asparagus cultivation in the saline-alkali land, the invention provides the special fertilizer for the asparagus in the coastal saline-alkali land and the preparation method thereof, which can improve the saline-alkali soil, meet the principle of absorption and utilization of main nutrients of the asparagus and obviously improve the yield of the asparagus.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
raw materials of a special asparagus fertilizer for coastal saline-alkali soil comprise, by weight: 450 parts of urea, 200 parts of calcium superphosphate, 350 parts of potassium sulfate, 150 parts of potassium sulfate, 10-20 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8-15 parts of ferrous sulfate, 8-15 parts of zinc sulfate, 80-150 parts of organic matters, 1-3 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 10-25 parts of a fertilizer additive, 400 parts of livestock manure after fermentation and deodorization, and 2-3.5 parts of an NAM additive.
The urea contains 46% of nitrogen;
the calcium superphosphate contains 16 percent of phosphorus pentoxide and 12 percent of calcium oxide;
the potassium sulfate contains 50% of potassium oxide.
The organic matter is one of humic acid or modified humic acid.
The fertilizer additive is one of montmorillonite powder or loaded fertilizer.
The preparation method of the modified humic acid comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing humic acid, sodium humate and potassium humate according to the mass ratio of 10-12:3-5:1-2 to obtain a mixture, dissolving the mixture in a mixed solvent, controlling the mass ratio of the mixture to the mixed solvent to be 1:4-5, controlling the temperature of the mixed solvent to be 50-55 ℃, starting stirring, controlling the stirring speed to be 200-300rpm, adding guar gum and tremella polysaccharide after stirring for 30-40min, increasing the temperature to be 60-70 ℃, increasing the stirring speed to be 300-400rpm, after the stirring is finished, restoring the temperature to room temperature, and then carrying out spray drying to obtain the modified humic acid.
The mixed solvent is a mixture of water and acetic acid, wherein the mass ratio of the water to the acetic acid is 20-25: 1.
Wherein the mass ratio of the mixture, the mixed solvent, the guar gum and the tremella polysaccharide is 5-6:20-25:1-2: 0.2-0.5.
The inlet air temperature in the spray drying process is 140-.
The preparation method of the load fertilizer comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing nano montmorillonite, calcium stearate, sodium stearate and magnesium sulfate, performing high-temperature treatment at the temperature of 200 ℃ and 250 ℃, cooling to 15-20 ℃ after 40-50min of high-temperature treatment, controlling the cooling speed to be 1-2 ℃/min, standing for 15-20min at the temperature of 15-20 ℃ to obtain a carrier, adding chitin, ammonium sulfate and calcium ammonium nitrate into the carrier, and uniformly mixing to obtain the load fertilizer.
The particle diameter of the nano montmorillonite is 80-100 nm.
Wherein the mass ratio of the nano montmorillonite to the calcium stearate to the sodium stearate to the magnesium sulfate is 10-12:3-5:1-2: 0.5-0.8.
The carrier comprises chitin, ammonium sulfate and calcium ammonium nitrate according to the mass ratio of 1-2:3-5:2-3: 1-1.5.
A preparation method of a special fertilizer for asparagus in coastal saline-alkali land comprises crushing, primary mixing, secondary mixing and tertiary mixing.
And (3) crushing all the raw materials respectively.
And in the primary mixing, 1/4 urea, 1/2 potassium sulfate, 1/4 calcium superphosphate, 1/3 magnesium sulfate, 1/3 zinc sulfate and 1/3 ferrous sulfate are respectively weighed and then put into a stirrer to be stirred for 5-8 minutes, after the materials are fully mixed, 1/3 NAM additive is added and then the materials enter a granulator to be granulated, and primary mixed particles with the diameter of 1-2 millimeters are obtained.
The secondary mixing is carried out, wherein 1/4 urea, 1/2 potassium sulfate, 1/2 calcium superphosphate, 2/3 magnesium sulfate, 2/3 zinc sulfate, 2/3 ferrous sulfate, 2/3 organic matters, 2/3NAM additive and 1/2 fertilizer additive are stirred in a stirrer for 5-8 minutes, are fully and uniformly mixed, are added with primary mixed particles, are granulated to obtain particles with the diameter of 2-3 millimeters, and are dried until the water content is less than or equal to 10wt%, so as to obtain secondary mixed particles;
and thirdly, mixing, namely adding 1/2 urea, 1/4 calcium superphosphate, 1/3 organic matters, 1/2 fertilizer additives, all chitosan oligosaccharide and livestock and poultry manure into the secondary mixed particles, stirring for 5-8 minutes in a stirrer, fully mixing uniformly, and then quantitatively packaging to obtain the special fertilizer for the asparagus.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the special asparagus fertilizer for the coastal saline-alkali land prepared by the invention can adjust the salinity of the soil and improve the soil structure, the livestock and poultry manure, the humic acid and the montmorillonite powder are added into the special asparagus fertilizer, the contents of soil organic matters and beneficial microorganisms are obviously increased, the salinity of the soil can be reduced, the nutrients and the water can be balanced, the soil granular structure can be increased, the soil is loose and has good permeability, and the asparagus root disk development and the storage root nutrient accumulation are facilitated;
(2) the special fertilizer for asparagus in coastal saline-alkali land prepared by the invention has reasonable nutrient proportion and accords with the fertilizer requirement rule of asparagus in saline-alkali land;
(3) the special fertilizer for asparagus in coastal saline-alkali land prepared by the invention has lasting fertilizer efficiency, can improve the fertilizer efficiency, reduces the loss of nitrogen fertilizer and prolongs the fertilizer efficiency through the urease inhibitor and the digestion inhibitor of NAM; the latticed macromolecular structures of the humic acid and the montmorillonite can play a role in slow release of the fertilizer, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is obviously improved;
(4) the special fertilizer for asparagus in coastal saline-alkali land, prepared by the invention, can save cost and has obvious yield increase effect, one-time fertilization can meet the fertilizer requirement of asparagus in the whole nutrient accumulation period, no additional fertilization is needed in the whole growth period, meanwhile, the disease resistance of plants is increased, the fertilizer and pesticide investment is reduced, the labor cost is saved, the yield of asparagus is obviously increased, and the economic benefit is greatly increased;
(5) according to the special fertilizer for asparagus in coastal saline-alkali land, disclosed by the invention, main chemical fertilizer, organic matters, saline-alkali land modifier, water-retaining agent, induced disease-resistant components and the like are accurately compounded according to the nutrient absorption and utilization rule of asparagus in saline-alkali land, so that the salinity of soil can be adjusted, the soil is promoted to form a granular structure, water and nutrients are balanced, the soil fertility is improved, a soil environment for healthy growth of asparagus is formed, a nutrient demand mode in an annual nutrient accumulation period is met, the nutrient backflow to storage roots in a later period is promoted, the disease resistance of plants is enhanced, and the yield, commodity and nutritional quality of asparagus in the next season are improved;
(6) compared with the contrast, the total yield of the special asparagus fertilizer for the coastal saline-alkali land prepared by the invention is increased by 22.17-54.26%, the yield of the commercial bamboo shoots is increased by 30.16-65.95%, the organic matter content of the soil is increased by 14.05-34.70%, and the water-soluble salt content of the soil is reduced by 16.33-35.82%;
(7) the special asparagus fertilizer for the coastal saline-alkali land, prepared by the invention, can ensure that a proper photosynthetic colony structure is quickly formed in the early stage, the nutrient backflow is promoted, the disease occurrence degree is reduced, the fertilizing efficiency can be improved, the additional fertilizer is not needed in one-time fertilization, the investment cost and the labor are saved, the soil can be obviously improved, the adverse effect of the coastal saline-alkali land on the growth of asparagus is overcome, and the special asparagus fertilizer for the coastal saline-alkali land is high in yield, high in efficiency, ecological and safe, and has great popularization and application values.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described.
Example 1
Raw materials of a special asparagus fertilizer for coastal saline-alkali soil comprise, by weight: 300 parts of urea, 200 parts of calcium superphosphate, 150 parts of potassium sulfate, 10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8 parts of ferrous sulfate, 8 parts of zinc sulfate, 80 parts of humic acid, 1 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 10 parts of montmorillonite powder, 250 parts of livestock and poultry manure dried after fermentation and deodorization and 2 parts of NAM additive.
The urea contains 46% of nitrogen;
the calcium superphosphate contains 16 percent of phosphorus pentoxide and 12 percent of calcium oxide;
the potassium sulfate contains 50% of potassium oxide.
A preparation method of a special fertilizer for asparagus in coastal saline-alkali land comprises the following steps:
1. respectively crushing all the raw materials;
2. 1/4 urea, 1/2 potassium sulfate, 1/4 calcium superphosphate, 1/3 magnesium sulfate, 1/3 zinc sulfate and 1/3 ferrous sulfate are respectively weighed and then put into a stirrer to be stirred for 5 minutes, and after the materials are fully and uniformly mixed, 1/3 NAM additive is added and then the mixture enters a granulator to be granulated to obtain particles with the diameter of 1 mm;
3. stirring 1/4 urea, 1/2 potassium sulfate, 1/2 calcium superphosphate, 2/3 magnesium sulfate, 2/3 zinc sulfate, 2/3 ferrous sulfate, 2/3 humic acid, 2/3NAM additive and 1/2 montmorillonite powder in a stirrer for 5 minutes, fully mixing uniformly, adding the granules obtained in the step 2, granulating to obtain granules with the diameter of 2 millimeters, and drying until the water content is less than or equal to 10 wt%;
4. and (3) adding 1/2 urea, 1/4 calcium superphosphate, 1/3 humic acid, 1/2 montmorillonite powder, all chitosan oligosaccharide and livestock and poultry manure into the granules obtained in the step (3), stirring for 5 minutes in a stirrer, fully and uniformly mixing, and then quantitatively packaging to obtain the special fertilizer for asparagus.
Example 2
Raw materials of a special asparagus fertilizer for coastal saline-alkali soil comprise, by weight: 450 parts of urea, 350 parts of calcium superphosphate, 250 parts of potassium sulfate, 20 parts of magnesium sulfate, 15 parts of ferrous sulfate, 15 parts of zinc sulfate, 150 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 25 parts of montmorillonite powder, 400 parts of livestock and poultry manure dried after fermentation and deodorization, and 3.5 parts of NAM additive.
The urea contains 46% of nitrogen;
the calcium superphosphate contains 16 percent of phosphorus pentoxide and 12 percent of calcium oxide;
the potassium sulfate contains 50% of potassium oxide.
A preparation method of a special fertilizer for asparagus in coastal saline-alkali land comprises the following steps:
1. respectively crushing all the raw materials;
2. 1/4 urea, 1/2 potassium sulfate, 1/4 calcium superphosphate, 1/3 magnesium sulfate, 1/3 zinc sulfate and 1/3 ferrous sulfate are respectively weighed and then put into a stirrer to be stirred for 8 minutes, after being fully and uniformly mixed, 1/3 NAM additive is added and then the mixture enters a granulator to be granulated, and granules with the diameter of 2 millimeters are obtained;
3. stirring 1/4 urea, 1/2 potassium sulfate, 1/2 calcium superphosphate, 2/3 magnesium sulfate, 2/3 zinc sulfate, 2/3 ferrous sulfate, 2/3 humic acid, 2/3NAM additive and 1/2 montmorillonite powder in a stirrer for 8 minutes, fully mixing uniformly, adding the granules obtained in the step 2, granulating to obtain granules with the diameter of 3 millimeters, and drying until the water content is less than or equal to 10 wt%;
4. and (3) adding 1/2 urea, 1/4 calcium superphosphate, 1/3 humic acid, 1/2 montmorillonite powder, all chitosan oligosaccharide and livestock and poultry manure into the granules obtained in the step (3), stirring for 8 minutes in a stirrer, fully and uniformly mixing, and then quantitatively packaging to obtain the special fertilizer for asparagus.
Example 3
Raw materials of a special fertilizer for asparagus in coastal saline-alkali land comprise, by weight, 300 parts of urea, 200 parts of calcium superphosphate, 150 parts of potassium sulfate, 10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8 parts of ferrous sulfate, 8 parts of zinc sulfate, 80 parts of modified humic acid, 1 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 10 parts of a loaded fertilizer, 250 parts of livestock and poultry manure dried after fermentation and deodorization, and 2 parts of an NAM additive.
The preparation method of the modified humic acid comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing humic acid, sodium humate and potassium humate according to a mass ratio of 10:3:1 to obtain a mixture, dissolving the mixture in a mixed solvent, controlling the mass ratio of the mixture to the mixed solvent to be 1:4, controlling the temperature of the mixed solvent to be 50 ℃, starting stirring, controlling the stirring speed to be 200rpm, stirring for 30min, adding guar gum and tremella polysaccharide, increasing the temperature to be 60 ℃, increasing the stirring speed to be 300rpm, after stirring, recovering the temperature to room temperature, and then carrying out spray drying to obtain the modified humic acid.
The mixed solvent is a mixture of water and acetic acid, wherein the mass ratio of the water to the acetic acid is 20: 1.
Wherein the mass ratio of the mixture, the mixed solvent, the guar gum and the tremella polysaccharide is 5:20:1: 0.2.
The inlet air temperature in the spray drying process is 140 ℃, the outlet air temperature is 50 ℃, and the feeding flow is 100 mL/min.
The preparation method of the load fertilizer comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing nano montmorillonite, calcium stearate, sodium stearate and magnesium sulfate, then carrying out high-temperature treatment at 200 ℃, cooling to 15 ℃ after carrying out high-temperature treatment for 40min, controlling the cooling speed to be 1 ℃/min, standing for 15min at 15 ℃ to obtain a carrier, adding chitin, ammonium sulfate and calcium ammonium nitrate into the carrier, and uniformly mixing to obtain the load fertilizer.
The particle diameter of the nano montmorillonite is 80 nm.
Wherein the mass ratio of the nano montmorillonite to the calcium stearate to the sodium stearate to the magnesium sulfate is 10:3:1: 0.5.
The mass ratio of the carrier to the chitin to the ammonium sulfate to the calcium ammonium nitrate is 1:3:2: 1.
A preparation method of a special fertilizer for asparagus in coastal saline-alkali land comprises the following steps:
1. respectively crushing all the raw materials;
2. 1/4 urea, 1/2 potassium sulfate, 1/4 calcium superphosphate, 1/3 magnesium sulfate, 1/3 zinc sulfate and 1/3 ferrous sulfate are respectively weighed and then put into a stirrer to be stirred for 5 minutes, and after the materials are fully and uniformly mixed, 1/3 NAM additive is added and then the mixture enters a granulator to be granulated to obtain particles with the diameter of 1 mm;
3. stirring 1/4 urea, 1/2 potassium sulfate, 1/2 calcium superphosphate, 2/3 magnesium sulfate, 2/3 zinc sulfate, 2/3 ferrous sulfate, 2/3 modified humic acid, 2/3NAM additive and 1/2 loaded fertilizer in a stirrer for 5 minutes, fully mixing uniformly, adding the granules obtained in the step 2, granulating to obtain granules with the diameter of 2 millimeters, and drying until the water content is less than or equal to 10 wt%;
4. adding 1/2 urea, 1/4 calcium superphosphate, 1/3 modified humic acid, 1/2 loaded fertilizer, all chitosan oligosaccharide and livestock and poultry manure into the granules obtained in the step 3, stirring for 5 minutes in a stirrer, fully and uniformly mixing, and then quantitatively packaging to obtain the special fertilizer for asparagus.
Example 4
The raw materials of the special fertilizer for the asparagus in the coastal saline-alkali land comprise, by weight, 450 parts of urea, 350 parts of calcium superphosphate, 250 parts of potassium sulfate, 20 parts of magnesium sulfate, 15 parts of ferrous sulfate, 15 parts of zinc sulfate, 80 parts of modified humic acid, 3 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 25 parts of a load fertilizer, 400 parts of livestock and poultry manure dried after fermentation and deodorization, and 3.5 parts of an NAM additive.
The preparation method of the modified humic acid comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing humic acid, sodium humate and potassium humate according to the mass ratio of 12:5:2 to obtain a mixture, dissolving the mixture in a mixed solvent, controlling the mass ratio of the mixture to the mixed solvent to be 1:5, controlling the temperature of the mixed solvent to be 55 ℃, starting stirring, controlling the stirring speed to be 300rpm, adding guar gum and tremella polysaccharide after stirring for 40min, increasing the temperature to 70 ℃, increasing the stirring speed to 400rpm, recovering the temperature to room temperature after stirring, and then performing spray drying to obtain the modified humic acid.
The mixed solvent is a mixture of water and acetic acid, wherein the mass ratio of the water to the acetic acid is 25: 1.
Wherein the mass ratio of the mixture, the mixed solvent, the guar gum and the tremella polysaccharide is 6:25:2: 0.5.
The inlet air temperature in the spray drying process is 150 ℃, the outlet air temperature is 60 ℃, and the feeding flow rate is 120 mL/min.
The preparation method of the load fertilizer comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing nano montmorillonite, calcium stearate, sodium stearate and magnesium sulfate, then carrying out high-temperature treatment at 250 ℃, cooling to 20 ℃ after carrying out high-temperature treatment for 50min, controlling the cooling speed to be 2 ℃/min, standing for 20min at 20 ℃ to obtain a carrier, adding chitin, ammonium sulfate and calcium ammonium nitrate into the carrier, and uniformly mixing to obtain the load fertilizer.
The particle diameter of the nano montmorillonite is 100 nm.
Wherein the mass ratio of the nano montmorillonite to the calcium stearate to the sodium stearate to the magnesium sulfate is 12:5:2: 0.8.
The mass ratio of the carrier to the chitin to the ammonium sulfate to the calcium ammonium nitrate is 2:5:3: 1.5.
A preparation method of a special fertilizer for asparagus in coastal saline-alkali land comprises the following steps:
1. respectively crushing all the raw materials;
2. 1/4 urea, 1/2 potassium sulfate, 1/4 calcium superphosphate, 1/3 magnesium sulfate, 1/3 zinc sulfate and 1/3 ferrous sulfate are respectively weighed and then put into a stirrer to be stirred for 8 minutes, after being fully and uniformly mixed, 1/3 NAM additive is added and then the mixture enters a granulator to be granulated, and granules with the diameter of 2 millimeters are obtained;
3. stirring 1/4 urea, 1/2 potassium sulfate, 1/2 calcium superphosphate, 2/3 magnesium sulfate, 2/3 zinc sulfate, 2/3 ferrous sulfate, 2/3 modified humic acid, 2/3NAM additive and 1/2 loaded fertilizer in a stirrer for 8 minutes, fully mixing uniformly, adding the granules obtained in the step 2, granulating to obtain granules with the diameter of 3 millimeters, and drying until the water content is less than or equal to 10 wt%;
4. adding 1/2 urea, 1/4 calcium superphosphate, 1/3 modified humic acid, 1/2 loaded fertilizer, all chitosan oligosaccharide and livestock and poultry manure into the granules obtained in the step 3, stirring for 8 minutes in a stirrer, fully and uniformly mixing, and then quantitatively packaging to obtain the special fertilizer for asparagus.
Comparative example 1
The raw materials and the preparation method of the special fertilizer for the asparagus in the coastal saline-alkali land described in the embodiment 3 are adopted, and the difference lies in that: modified humic acid is not used.
Comparative example 2
The raw materials and the preparation method of the special fertilizer for the asparagus in the coastal saline-alkali land described in the embodiment 3 are adopted, and the difference lies in that: no loaded fertilizer was used.
Control
The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer has nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium content of 15-15-15.
Performing field test on saline-alkali soil of northern Song town of Rijin county, wherein the test field is 35 mu and is averagely divided into 7 parts, and the test fields are respectively used for fertilizer tests of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-3; the method comprises the following steps of soil organic matter content 7.62g/kg, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen 48.05mg/kg, available phosphorus 14.53 mg/kg, quick-acting potassium 68.21 mg/kg, exchangeable sodium 1060 mg/kg, water-soluble salt 3.60g/kg, wherein a test field is a 2-year-old asparagus field, the row spacing is 1.5m, the plant spacing is 25cm, fertilization is carried out after bamboo shoot picking is finished in 6 months and 25 days in 2019, fertilizers in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-3 are applied to corresponding test field areas once according to 80kg per mu, the individual plant growth index and the disease condition index are investigated in 9 middle-month ten days, yield measurement is carried out in the middle-year-2020 bamboo shoot picking season, and soil sampling investigation is carried out.
As can be seen from the table above, the yield of the asparagus obtained in the examples 1-4 is significantly higher than that obtained in the comparative examples 1-3, and the yield increase is mainly caused by the fact that the single plant fertility index is improved, the fertility index determines the yield of the asparagus in the next season, meanwhile, the disease index is reduced, the organic matter content of the soil is improved, the water-soluble salt content of the soil is obviously reduced, and the soil quality of the bamboo shoot field is significantly improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The special fertilizer for asparagus in coastal saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 450 parts of urea, 200 parts of calcium superphosphate, 350 parts of potassium sulfate, 150 parts of potassium sulfate, 10-20 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8-15 parts of ferrous sulfate, 8-15 parts of zinc sulfate, 80-150 parts of organic matters, 1-3 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 10-25 parts of a fertilizer additive, 400 parts of livestock manure after fermentation and deodorization, and 2-3.5 parts of an NAM additive.
2. The special fertilizer for asparagus in the coastal saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic matter is one of humic acid or modified humic acid;
the fertilizer additive is one of montmorillonite powder or loaded fertilizer.
3. The special fertilizer for asparagus in coastal saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 2, wherein the preparation method of the modified humic acid comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing humic acid, sodium humate and potassium humate according to the mass ratio of 10-12:3-5:1-2 to obtain a mixture, dissolving the mixture in a mixed solvent, controlling the mass ratio of the mixture to the mixed solvent to be 1:4-5, controlling the temperature of the mixed solvent to be 50-55 ℃, starting stirring, controlling the stirring speed to be 200-300rpm, adding guar gum and tremella polysaccharide after stirring for 30-40min, increasing the temperature to be 60-70 ℃, increasing the stirring speed to be 300-400rpm, after the stirring is finished, restoring the temperature to room temperature, and then carrying out spray drying to obtain the modified humic acid.
4. The special asparagus fertilizer for the coastal saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mixed solvent is a mixture of water and acetic acid, wherein the mass ratio of the water to the acetic acid is 20-25: 1;
the mass ratio of the mixture to the mixed solvent to the guar gum to the tremella polysaccharide is 5-6:20-25:1-2: 0.2-0.5.
5. The special asparagus fertilizer for the coastal saline-alkali land of claim 2, wherein the preparation method of the load fertilizer comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing nano montmorillonite, calcium stearate, sodium stearate and magnesium sulfate, performing high-temperature treatment at the temperature of 200 ℃ and 250 ℃, cooling to 15-20 ℃ after 40-50min of high-temperature treatment, controlling the cooling speed to be 1-2 ℃/min, standing for 15-20min at the temperature of 15-20 ℃ to obtain a carrier, adding chitin, ammonium sulfate and calcium ammonium nitrate into the carrier, and uniformly mixing to obtain the load fertilizer.
6. The special asparagus fertilizer for the coastal saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the nano montmorillonite, the calcium stearate, the sodium stearate and the magnesium sulfate is 10-12:3-5:1-2: 0.5-0.8;
the carrier comprises chitin, ammonium sulfate and calcium ammonium nitrate according to the mass ratio of 1-2:3-5:2-3: 1-1.5.
7. A preparation method of a special fertilizer for asparagus in coastal saline-alkali land is characterized by comprising the steps of crushing, primary mixing, secondary mixing and tertiary mixing.
8. The preparation method of the special asparagus fertilizer for the coastal saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 7, wherein the primary mixing comprises the steps of weighing 1/4 urea, 1/2 potassium sulfate, 1/4 calcium superphosphate, 1/3 magnesium sulfate, 1/3 zinc sulfate and 1/3 ferrous sulfate, respectively, putting the weighed materials into a stirrer, stirring for 5-8 minutes, fully and uniformly mixing, adding 1/3 NAM additive, and granulating the mixture in a granulator to obtain primary mixed particles with the diameter of 1-2 mm.
9. The preparation method of the special asparagus fertilizer for the coastal saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 8, wherein the secondary mixing comprises the steps of stirring 1/4 urea, 1/2 potassium sulfate, 1/2 calcium superphosphate, 2/3 magnesium sulfate, 2/3 zinc sulfate, 2/3 ferrous sulfate, 2/3 organic matters, 2/3NAM additive and 1/2 fertilizer additive in a stirrer for 5-8 minutes, fully and uniformly mixing, adding primary mixed particles, granulating to obtain particles with the diameter of 2-3 mm, and drying until the water content is less than or equal to 10wt% to obtain secondary mixed particles.
10. The preparation method of the special asparagus fertilizer for the coastal saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 9, wherein the third mixing step is to add 1/2 urea, 1/4 calcium superphosphate, 1/3 organic matters, 1/2 fertilizer additives, all chitosan oligosaccharide and livestock and poultry manure into the secondary mixed particles, stir the mixture in a stirrer for 5 to 8 minutes, fully mix the mixture uniformly, and then quantitatively package the mixture to obtain the special asparagus fertilizer.
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