CN111393221A - Multifunctional top dressing for crops - Google Patents
Multifunctional top dressing for crops Download PDFInfo
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- CN111393221A CN111393221A CN202010319356.7A CN202010319356A CN111393221A CN 111393221 A CN111393221 A CN 111393221A CN 202010319356 A CN202010319356 A CN 202010319356A CN 111393221 A CN111393221 A CN 111393221A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multifunctional novel top dressing for crops, which is obtained by putting 10-15 parts of ammonium phosphate nitrate, 40-55 parts of urea ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, 2-5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 15-40 parts of potash fertilizer, 2-5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1-5 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.4-1 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.2-0.6 part of ammonium molybdate and 0.01-0.03 part of sodium naphthalene acetate into a stirrer through metering equipment and fully and uniformly mixing. The invention has the advantages of slow release effect, long nutrient release period, high fertilizer utilization rate and various forms of nitrogen nutrients, and can flexibly adjust compatibility according to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of different crops in the early and later periods; contains multiple medium and trace element nutrients, can promote tillering of crops such as rice, and is favorable for early-stage growth of fruits and vegetables and late-stage swelling and coloring of fruits and vegetables. The invention can be used as additional fertilizer in the growth period of field crops such as rice and the like, fruits such as grapefruit and the like, vegetables such as red flowering Chinese cabbage and the like, can obviously improve the yield of the crops, and can meet the nutritional requirement only once.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multifunctional top dressing for crops.
Background
Agricultural production in China is developing towards green, environment-friendly and sustainable agriculture, and common field crops or fruit and vegetable economic crops are generally fertilized in a mode of combining base fertilizer and additional fertilizer. The top dressing is an important component of crop fertilization, the top dressing accounts for about 50% of the total fertilizer consumption, is one of the key factors for determining the crop yield, and the traditional top dressing for gramineous crops such as rice, wheat and the like mainly takes a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer as a main component, so that the short fertilizer efficiency easily causes environmental pollution. The method is used for applying the common compound fertilizer to the economic crops such as fruits and vegetables, has more times of top application, and has the problems of unscientific nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium proportion, incomplete nutrient types, low absorption and utilization rate of the fertilizer and the like. In conclusion, the development of a top dressing with long fertilizer efficiency, comprehensive nutrition and multiple effects is imperative.
At the present stage, the selection of types of top dressing is too little, and a multifunctional top dressing variety is lacked. For example, CN103382140A discloses a green environmental-friendly nitrogen potassium topdressing fertilizer containing multiple nitrogen elements and a preparation method thereof, which is prepared from urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, humic acid, sepiolite, calcium hydroxide and other materials containing trace elements and a plant growth regulator. Although the controlled release technology of nitrogen makes a breakthrough and sufficient potassium fertilizer is supplemented, the controlled release fertilizer is only suitable for top dressing of fruit trees and has incomplete nutrition compatibility.
CN102936175A discloses a slow-release controlled-release water-retention multifunctional nitrogen fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the raw materials comprise melamine, urea, ammonium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, a coating agent and a coating agent solvent. Because the physical characteristics of the raw materials such as different molecular weights, different water solubility and the like are combined, urea and melamine form step-type nutrient release by adopting the principle that enzymolysis is needed to enable the urea and the melamine to be absorbed by crops, so that the utilization rate of a nitrogen fertilizer is improved to 75-90%, the main emphasis is on the slow and controlled release of the nitrogen fertilizer, and meanwhile, sufficient medium and trace nutrients are supplemented.
CN107663116A discloses a topdressing fertilizer for sweet potatoes, which is prepared from biogas residues; plant ash; organic quick-acting fertilizer; preparing pond sludge decomposed substances. 109400268A discloses a long-acting no-top dressing fertilizer, which is prepared from urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, diammonium phosphate, active silicon fertilizer and amino acid granulated fertilizer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multifunctional top dressing for crops, which can be used for crops with different types and different nutrient proportions, is rich in nutrient components for promoting rooting, enhancing resistance, rapidly promoting early growth and the like, and has the advantages of long fertilizer efficiency, less consumption and strong nutrition pertinence.
The invention aims to realize a novel multifunctional top dressing for crops, which is prepared from the following raw materials: 10-15 parts of ammonium phosphate nitrate, 40-55 parts of urea ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, 2-5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 15-40 parts of potash fertilizer, 2-5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1-5 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.4-1 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.2-0.6 part of ammonium molybdate and 0.01-0.03 part of sodium naphthaleneacetate, and the raw materials are put into a stirrer and fully and uniformly mixed to obtain the multifunctional topdressing for crops;
the urea-ammonium-nitrogen fertilizer particles are prepared by weighing 25 parts of particle urea, 20 parts of ammonium chloride, 45 parts of ammonium sulfate, 8 parts of potassium fulvate and 2 parts of polyglutamic acid according to the component proportion, and crushing, mixing, granulating, sieving and drying the materials;
the potash fertilizer is one or a combination of two of granular potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate.
The invention has slow release effect, and can promote the root development of crops and improve the stress resistance by combining quick-acting nutrition and slow-release nutrition; can help the yield and quality of field crops such as rice and the like, and economic crops such as fruit trees, vegetables and the like to increase.
The invention can select different nutrient proportions according to different crop types and growth periods, and the different nutrient forms of nitrogen can be correspondingly adjusted according to different growth periods. For rice and other prophase, the additional fertilizer can provide sufficient nitrogen nutrition and supplement potassium nutrition and trace element nutrition; the high-potassium-content top dressing can be selected for the later period of fruit trees and vegetables, and the high-nitrogen-content top dressing can be selected for the earlier period of leaf vegetable crops.
The invention has lasting fertilizer efficiency and high utilization rate, generally only needs to be applied once in the whole growth period of crops, reduces the frequency of topdressing in the later period and can save labor and fertilizer consumption.
Detailed Description
The fertilizer is prepared by adding ammonium nitrate phosphorus, urea ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate, potash fertilizer, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ammonium molybdate and sodium naphthylacetate into a stirrer through metering equipment and then fully and uniformly mixing. The invention has scientific formula, wherein the ammonium nitrate phosphorus provides quick-acting nitrogen nutrition, and the urea ammonium nitrogen fertilizer obtained by granulation also has slow release effect; synergistic substances such as sodium naphthalene acetate, polyglutamic acid and the like are added, so that the root development of crops can be promoted, the stress resistance can be improved, and the yield and quality of field crops such as rice and the like, fruit trees and vegetables can be increased and improved.
The invention can select different nutrient proportions according to different crop types and growth periods, and for the early stage of rice, sufficient nitrogen nutrition is provided by additional fertilizer and potassium nutrition and trace element nutrition are supplemented; the method has the advantages that the high-potassium-content topdressing can be selected for the later period of fruit trees and fruits and vegetables, the high-nitrogen-content topdressing can be selected for the earlier period of leaf vegetable crops, and the different nutrient forms of nitrogen can be correspondingly adjusted according to the growth period.
The invention is described in more detail below with reference to specific examples:
example 1: the mass fraction is as follows: 15 parts of ammonium phosphate nitrate, 55 parts of urea ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, 2 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 24.3 parts of potassium chloride, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 0.4 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.28 part of ammonium molybdate and 0.02 part of sodium naphthalene acetate are put into a stirrer through metering equipment and are fully and uniformly mixed to obtain the multifunctional additional fertilizer for crops.
The urea ammonium nitrogen fertilizer particles comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 25 parts of granular urea, 20 parts of ammonium chloride, 45 parts of ammonium sulfate, 8 parts of potassium fulvate and 2 parts of polyglutamic acid are crushed, mixed, granulated, sieved and dried to obtain the urea particle.
Example 2: in the same manner as in example 1, except that,
the mass fraction is as follows: 14 parts of ammonium phosphate nitrate, 42 parts of urea ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, 5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 30 parts of potassium sulfate, 4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 4 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.77 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.2 part of ammonium molybdate and 0.03 part of sodium naphthalene acetate are put into a stirrer by metering equipment and are fully and uniformly mixed to obtain the multifunctional additional fertilizer for crops.
Example 3: in the same manner as in example 1, except that,
the mass fraction is as follows: 14 parts of ammonium phosphate nitrate, 55 parts of urea ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, 5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 15 parts of potassium chloride, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.77 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.2 part of ammonium molybdate and 0.03 part of sodium naphthalene acetate are put into a stirrer by metering equipment and are fully and uniformly mixed to obtain the multifunctional additional fertilizer for crops.
Example 4: in the same manner as in example 1, except that,
the mass fraction is as follows: 13 parts of ammonium phosphate nitrate, 41 parts of urea ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, 5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 20 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.8 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.19 part of ammonium molybdate and 0.01 part of sodium naphthalene acetate are put into a stirrer through metering equipment and are fully and uniformly mixed to obtain the multifunctional additional fertilizer for crops.
Example 5: in the same manner as in example 1, except that,
the mass fraction is as follows: 10 parts of ammonium phosphate nitrate, 40 parts of urea ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, 5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 5 parts of potassium chloride, 35 parts of potassium sulfate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1.38 parts of zinc sulfate, 1 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.6 part of ammonium molybdate and 0.02 part of sodium naphthalene acetate are put into a stirrer through metering equipment and are fully and uniformly mixed to obtain the multifunctional additional fertilizer for crops.
The applicant made a grapefruit top dressing field test on the multifunctional top dressing for crops obtained in the present example.
Test materials: shaddock (Hubei shaddock No. one)
Test site: china agriculture university in Wuhan city, Hubei province
The test method comprises the following steps: the test is provided with two processes, each process is repeated for 3 times, the cells are randomly arranged, each process cell selects 6 shaddock trees, and the test interval and the periphery are provided with protection rows. Processing one: applying 10 jin of commercial organic fertilizer and 3 jin of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (14-16-15) of a certain brand to each crop as base fertilizer, and applying 3 jin of multifunctional top dressing to the crops obtained in the embodiment in the later period; and (5) processing: applying 10 jin of the same commercial organic fertilizer and 3 jin of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (14-16-15) of a certain brand as base fertilizer for each plant, and additionally applying 48% (17-6-25) jin of high potassium compound fertilizer in the later period; the top dressing period is the fruit swelling period. Other management measures are the same between cells. All fruits are picked from the shaddock trees in each test group in the mature period, the number of the fruits is counted, and the average weight of the single fruit and other physiological indexes are calculated. The data are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 biological data of shaddock and yield in maturation period
Example 6: in the same manner as in example 1, except that,
the mass fraction is as follows: 15 parts of ammonium phosphate nitrate, 55 parts of urea ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, 5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 17 parts of potassium chloride, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.4 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.57 part of ammonium molybdate and 0.03 part of sodium naphthalene acetate are put into a stirrer through metering equipment and are fully and uniformly mixed to obtain the multifunctional additional fertilizer for crops.
The present applicant performed a rice field test using the multifunctional top dressing for crops obtained in this example.
Test materials: jiahua No. 1 (japonica rice variety)
Test site: five-seven team rice test field in east-west lake region of Wuhan city, North lake
The test method comprises the following steps: the test is provided with two treatments, each treatment is repeated for 3 times, the cells are randomly arranged, the area of each treatment cell is 1 mu (666.7 square meters), and the test interval and the periphery are provided with protection rows. Processing one: 80 jin of conventional compound fertilizer with the content of 48 percent (16-16-16) is used as base fertilizer, and 40 jin of multifunctional additional fertilizer is applied to the crops obtained in the embodiment in a three-leaf and one-heart period; and (5) processing: 80 jin of the same 48 percent content (16-16-16) conventional compound fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, 20 jin of urea and 40 percent (30-5-5) of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer are additionally applied in the three-leaf one-core and tillering stages respectively, and the total is 40 jin. Other management measures are the same between cells. And (4) inspecting yield composition factors in the mature period and measuring actual yield of all the harvested cells. The data are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 yield and yield-constituting factors of each treated rice in the mature period
Example 7: in the same manner as in example 1, except that,
the mass fraction is as follows: 15 parts of ammonium phosphate nitrate, 50 parts of urea ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, 5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 19 parts of potassium nitrate, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.67 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.3 part of ammonium molybdate and 0.03 part of sodium naphthalene acetate are put into a stirrer by a metering device and are fully and uniformly mixed to obtain the multifunctional topdressing for crops.
The applicant carries out a field test of topdressing the flowering red vegetables with the multifunctional topdressing obtained in the embodiment.
Test materials: five-color red bolt No. 1
Test site: five-seven team vegetable test field in east-west lake region of Wuhan city, North lake
The test method comprises the following steps: the experiment is provided with 2 treatments, each treatment is provided with 3 times of repetition, the cells are randomly arranged, and the test interval and the periphery are provided with protection rows. The length of each cell is 10 meters, the width of each cell is 5 meters, the area of each cell is 50 square meters, and the interval between every two cells is 0.6 meter. Processing one: 45 percent (15-15-15) of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer 60 kg/mu and 20 kg/mu of the crop obtained by the embodiment are applied by using multifunctional topdressing, and the topdressing is carried out 20 days after the transplantation; and (5) processing: 45 percent (15-15-15) of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer 60 kg/mu and 45 percent (30-6-9) of high nitrogen compound fertilizer 15 kg/mu are applied for two times, and the topdressing time is 20 days after transplantation and 40 days after transplantation respectively, thereby achieving the effect of rapid growth promotion. Other management measures are the same between cells. And (4) counting the yield of each cell and the actual yield per mu after multiple times of picking. The total yield of the red flowering Chinese cabbage is shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 Total yield of red flowering cabbage
As can be seen from tables 1, 2 and 3, the invention can be used as additional fertilizer in the growth period of field crops such as rice and the like, fruits such as grapefruit and the like, vegetables such as red flowering Chinese cabbage and the like.
The yield increasing effect is remarkable after the fertilizer is used on rice, the yield of the rice in the mature period and yield forming factors of the rice are improved, the yield of the rice is increased by 48.7kg per mu, and the yield is remarkably increased; the number of ears per mu, the number of grains per ear and the weight average of thousand grains are increased (see table 2). The invention has multifunction, contains quick-acting and slow-release nitrogen fertilizers, has long release period, and can simultaneously cause the rice to turn green quickly and promote the growth of root systems. Compared with two times of topdressing, the invention only needs one time of application, thereby saving the labor cost of one-time topdressing.
The results in tables 1 and 3 show that after the additional fertilizer is applied to the grapefruits and the red flowering Chinese cabbage, the yield increasing effect is remarkable, the yield of crops can be remarkably increased no matter the additional fertilizer is used in the early growth promotion stage or the fruit swelling stage, the yield of the red flowering Chinese cabbage and the grapefruits are increased by 2.9 percent and 5.4 percent respectively (see tables 1 and 3), and meanwhile, the quality of fruits is also improved.
Claims (1)
1. The utility model provides a crops are with multi-functional novel top application which characterized in that: is prepared from the following raw materials: 10-15 parts of ammonium phosphate nitrate, 40-55 parts of urea ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, 2-5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 15-40 parts of potash fertilizer, 2-5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1-5 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.4-1 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.2-0.6 part of ammonium molybdate and 0.01-0.03 part of sodium naphthaleneacetate, and the raw materials are put into a stirrer and fully and uniformly mixed to obtain the multifunctional topdressing for crops;
the urea-ammonium-nitrogen fertilizer particles are prepared by weighing 25 parts of particle urea, 20 parts of ammonium chloride, 45 parts of ammonium sulfate, 8 parts of potassium fulvate and 2 parts of polyglutamic acid according to the component proportion, and crushing, mixing, granulating, sieving and drying the materials;
the potash fertilizer is one or a combination of two of granular potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110683921A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-01-14 | 深圳市奥城景观工程设计有限公司 | Tree fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102557795A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2012-07-11 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Efficient slow-release bulk-blending (BB) fertilizer and preparation and application method thereof |
| CN104016754A (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2014-09-03 | 徐世军 | Ammonium nitrate-zinc fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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- 2020-04-21 CN CN202010319356.7A patent/CN111393221A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102557795A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2012-07-11 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Efficient slow-release bulk-blending (BB) fertilizer and preparation and application method thereof |
| CN104016754A (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2014-09-03 | 徐世军 | Ammonium nitrate-zinc fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110683921A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-01-14 | 深圳市奥城景观工程设计有限公司 | Tree fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200710 |